CA2453398A1 - Method for preventing slipperiness of a roadway or equivalent by means of a friction material or friction surface - Google Patents
Method for preventing slipperiness of a roadway or equivalent by means of a friction material or friction surface Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2453398A1 CA2453398A1 CA002453398A CA2453398A CA2453398A1 CA 2453398 A1 CA2453398 A1 CA 2453398A1 CA 002453398 A CA002453398 A CA 002453398A CA 2453398 A CA2453398 A CA 2453398A CA 2453398 A1 CA2453398 A1 CA 2453398A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- friction material
- liquid
- ground surface
- ground
- friction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000002783 friction material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012615 aggregate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01H—STREET CLEANING; CLEANING OF PERMANENT WAYS; CLEANING BEACHES; DISPERSING OR PREVENTING FOG IN GENERAL CLEANING STREET OR RAILWAY FURNITURE OR TUNNEL WALLS
- E01H10/00—Improving gripping of ice-bound or other slippery traffic surfaces, e.g. using gritting or thawing materials ; Roadside storage of gritting or solid thawing materials; Permanently installed devices for applying gritting or thawing materials; Mobile apparatus specially adapted for treating wintry roads by applying liquid, semi-liquid or granular materials
- E01H10/007—Mobile apparatus specially adapted for preparing or applying liquid or semi-liquid thawing material or spreading granular material on wintry roads
Abstract
Method and apparatus for preventing slipperiness of a roadway (1) or an equivalent ground surface, in which method an uneven friction surface is produced on the ground by using a friction material, in which method friction material is spread on certain spots on the ground so that they form friction areas at certain spots.
Description
METHOD FOR PREVENTING SLIPPERINESS OF A
ROADWAY OR EQUIVALENT BY MEANS OF A FRICTION MATERIAL OR
FRICTION SURFACE
s The present invention relates to a method and apparatus as defined in the preamble of claim 1 for preventing slipperiness of a roadway or equivalent.
The methods used to eliminate slipperiness are based on causing friction materials, including organic or inorganic materials such as sand, gravel, to crushed aggregate, expanded clay aggregate, peat, wood chips, sawdust, etc., to adhere to the ground with the aid of water added to it. An adherence phenomenon or "sticking" occurs when the surface temperature of a passage or traffic area, such as a road, is below +0°C and friction material spread onto the surFace by a dispensing apparatus freezes fast on the ground (road or the like).
is By "gluing" the friction material to the. ground surface, it is possible to use friction material of finer composition (of smaller granular size) and smaller layer thicknesses, thus allowing a larger working area than before to be treated with one filling with the same amount of raw material. Friction material particles 2o sticking to the surface as if "glued" are not carried away with the air currents generated by vehicles, nor are they moved aside by being stuck to the tire treads, nor do they flow down to the bottom of ruts; instead, they remain in place, with the result that their effective service life is longer, allowing the number of treatments to be reduced. Using the "gluing" method, the same 2s results can be achieved by using lighter friction materials, e.g. expanded clay aggregate or organic materials (sawdust, wood chips, etc.).
Patent specification DE 3732657 discloses a method for improving the friction of an ice surface, using a granular, non-water-soluble friction material, especially 3o sand. The friction material is moistened and heated before being spread on the road surface. However, moistening and heating the friction material before application is a fairly difficult business and requires additional equipment, which means additional costs. Heating the friction material also adds to the costs.
~s Patent specification FI 105353 discloses a method for sanding a road or equivalent, in which method the sand is spread from a moving vehicle over a desired width, thus producing a sanded road. The sand is caused to adhere to the icy ground by heating the sand particles by means of runners moving behind on the sanded area, which produce a friction and pressure effect on the ground after the sand has been spread. The sand is thus heated and pressed into the ice. The method according to this specification also requires additional s equipment for heating the sand, which again increases the costs.
The object of the invention is to eliminate the drawbacks of prior art and achieve a new type of method and apparatus for preventing slipperiness. The invention is based on the idea of spreading liquid and/or friction material directly on the io ground to form friction areas, such as patches or equivalent, which makes it possible to create friction areas of desired form.
An embodiment of the invention is on the principle of spreading no separate friction material onto the ground at all but forming the friction surface needed to is prevent slipperiness by applying a freezable liquid to the ground. The liquid can be applied to the ground as patches or equivalent of desired form, so it is possible to create friction material areas of desired form. Thus, no extra costs are incurred due to the use, moistening or heating of friction material, which would additionally be fairly laborious and require additional equipment, or due to 2o environmental after-treatment, such as cleaning up, or anti-pollution measures.
A second embodiment of the invention is based on the principle of spreading friction material as such onto the ground and applying the liquid needed to moisten it to the ground separately from the same vehicle or machine. The 2s liquid can be spread on the ground in patches or equivalent of desired form, thus allowing to create friction material areas of desired form. In this case, the friction material can be spread on the ground directly as such without being moistened before the spreading, thus reducing the number of work operations needed before the spreading of the friction material. The method of the 3o invention is simple and reliable. The equipment required is also very simple.
By using e.g. patch-like friction material areas, it .is additionally possible to save friction material and, when desirable, to control the path of movement of a vehicle running on a slippery road as it is moving on an icy surface.
The features characteristic of the method and apparatus of the invention are presented in detail in the claims below.
ROADWAY OR EQUIVALENT BY MEANS OF A FRICTION MATERIAL OR
FRICTION SURFACE
s The present invention relates to a method and apparatus as defined in the preamble of claim 1 for preventing slipperiness of a roadway or equivalent.
The methods used to eliminate slipperiness are based on causing friction materials, including organic or inorganic materials such as sand, gravel, to crushed aggregate, expanded clay aggregate, peat, wood chips, sawdust, etc., to adhere to the ground with the aid of water added to it. An adherence phenomenon or "sticking" occurs when the surface temperature of a passage or traffic area, such as a road, is below +0°C and friction material spread onto the surFace by a dispensing apparatus freezes fast on the ground (road or the like).
is By "gluing" the friction material to the. ground surface, it is possible to use friction material of finer composition (of smaller granular size) and smaller layer thicknesses, thus allowing a larger working area than before to be treated with one filling with the same amount of raw material. Friction material particles 2o sticking to the surface as if "glued" are not carried away with the air currents generated by vehicles, nor are they moved aside by being stuck to the tire treads, nor do they flow down to the bottom of ruts; instead, they remain in place, with the result that their effective service life is longer, allowing the number of treatments to be reduced. Using the "gluing" method, the same 2s results can be achieved by using lighter friction materials, e.g. expanded clay aggregate or organic materials (sawdust, wood chips, etc.).
Patent specification DE 3732657 discloses a method for improving the friction of an ice surface, using a granular, non-water-soluble friction material, especially 3o sand. The friction material is moistened and heated before being spread on the road surface. However, moistening and heating the friction material before application is a fairly difficult business and requires additional equipment, which means additional costs. Heating the friction material also adds to the costs.
~s Patent specification FI 105353 discloses a method for sanding a road or equivalent, in which method the sand is spread from a moving vehicle over a desired width, thus producing a sanded road. The sand is caused to adhere to the icy ground by heating the sand particles by means of runners moving behind on the sanded area, which produce a friction and pressure effect on the ground after the sand has been spread. The sand is thus heated and pressed into the ice. The method according to this specification also requires additional s equipment for heating the sand, which again increases the costs.
The object of the invention is to eliminate the drawbacks of prior art and achieve a new type of method and apparatus for preventing slipperiness. The invention is based on the idea of spreading liquid and/or friction material directly on the io ground to form friction areas, such as patches or equivalent, which makes it possible to create friction areas of desired form.
An embodiment of the invention is on the principle of spreading no separate friction material onto the ground at all but forming the friction surface needed to is prevent slipperiness by applying a freezable liquid to the ground. The liquid can be applied to the ground as patches or equivalent of desired form, so it is possible to create friction material areas of desired form. Thus, no extra costs are incurred due to the use, moistening or heating of friction material, which would additionally be fairly laborious and require additional equipment, or due to 2o environmental after-treatment, such as cleaning up, or anti-pollution measures.
A second embodiment of the invention is based on the principle of spreading friction material as such onto the ground and applying the liquid needed to moisten it to the ground separately from the same vehicle or machine. The 2s liquid can be spread on the ground in patches or equivalent of desired form, thus allowing to create friction material areas of desired form. In this case, the friction material can be spread on the ground directly as such without being moistened before the spreading, thus reducing the number of work operations needed before the spreading of the friction material. The method of the 3o invention is simple and reliable. The equipment required is also very simple.
By using e.g. patch-like friction material areas, it .is additionally possible to save friction material and, when desirable, to control the path of movement of a vehicle running on a slippery road as it is moving on an icy surface.
The features characteristic of the method and apparatus of the invention are presented in detail in the claims below.
In the following, the invention will be described in detail by the aid of a few examples with reference to the attached drawing, which figure presents an apparatus according to the invention for preventing slipperiness of roadway or s equivalent, fitted on a truck.
Example 1 Fig. 1 presents a truck 2 moving on a road 1. Mounted on the truck 2 is an 1o apparatus according to the invention that produces a friction surface preventing slipperiness. For this purpose, the apparatus comprises a liquid tank 3 mounted on the vehicle to store the water/liquid 4 to be used in forming the friction surface. The liquid tank 3 may be thermally insulated.
is The water/liquid 4 is sprayed onto the surface of the roadway 1 by means of a liquid dispenser 5, into which the water/liquid is supplied via a pipe 6. The dispenser 5 is provided with nozzles 7, by means of which the water/liquid can be sprayed onto the ground in a desired way, e.g. in the form of patch-like swells 8 forming an uneven friction surface on the ground 1.
To improve adhesion, it is possible, by using additives or even by mixing the water with snow taken from outside, to gelatinize the water used as liquid, thereby improving its drop adhesion properties and shaping on the ground.
2s The exhaust pipe 9 of the vehicle can be provided with a by-pass 10, which is so connected to the tank 3 that it produces lost heat for heating them if necessary. It can also be used to heat the liquid dispenser 5 and the pipe 6.
The driver can control the amount of heat by adjusting the by-pass flow of exhaust gas by means of a valve 11. The temperature of the waterlliquid 3o supplied can be optimized relative to the effects of weather and external temperature, even by cooling if necessary. When pressurized spraying is used, the water/liquid may be under-cooled before being. sprayed.
Example 2 Alternatively, the truck 2 moving on a road 1 as shown in the figure may be provided with an apparatus according to the invention for spreading a friction material, preferably in granular form, preventing slipperiness, such as sand.
For this purpose, the apparatus comprises a platform on which the sand to be spread is loaded. In addition, the vehicle is provided with a liquid tank, mounted e.g. on the front side of the platform, for waterlliquid to be spread on the s roadway 1 in connection with the spreading of sand. The liquid tank and also the platform may be thermally insulated.
In the method of the invention, the sand is spread as such on the roadway by means of a spreading/scattering device provided in the platform, and cold io friction material can be used advantageously as it fastens sooner to the road/ground.
The water/liquid is sprayed onto the surface of the roadway 1 before the spreading of the sand, by means of the liquid dispenser mounted in front of the is spreading/scattering device, water/liquid being supplied into the dispenser via a pipe. The dispenser is provided with nozzles, by means of which the waterlliquid can be sprayed onto the ground in a desired manner, e.g. in patches, in which case the sand will only stick to the road in the area of these patches. This reduces the amount of sand consumed in sanding. Instead of 2o patches it is possible to use stripes etc., making it in some cases possible to influence a vehicle moving on the icy surface so as to direct it in a given direction.
When instead of sand a friction material lighter than water is used, it will not 2s dive in consequence of momentary melting of the surrounding ice but remains buoyant in its melting pit, to be again frozen fast, thus behaving in the desired manner.
By using organic materials "glued" as friction materials, they can be brushed 3o directly to the green areas in the spring, thus allowing savings to be achieved in cleaning and transportation costs.
The exhaust pipe of the vehicle can be provided with a by-pass so arranged in conjunction with the tank and the platform that it produces lost heat for heating 3s these if necessary. It can also be used to heat the liquid dispenser and the pipe.
The driver can control the amount of heat by adjusting the by-pass flow of exhaust gas by means of a valve. The temperature of the water/liquid supplied can be optimized relative to the effects of weather and external temperature, even by cooling if necessary. When pressurized spraying is used, the waterlliquid may be under-cooled before being sprayed.
s Example 3 The friction material may also be spread on the ground by means of a patterned cylindrical roll/roll mat 21 as presented in Fig. 2, whose surface is provided with flutings 22 of desired form. A spreading device like this may be of a self-to propelling type or it may be of a type designed to be hauled behind a vehiclelmachine. The roll/roll mat may be of a tooling type, in which case the material used as friction material can be obtained entirely or partly from the ground.
is It is obvious to the person skilled in the art that different embodiments of the invention are not limited to the examples described above, but that they may be varied within the scope of the claims presented below.
Thus, the friction material may also consist of e.g. triangular pieces of ice, which 2o always stick by one side to the ground, optimal adhesion to the moistened ground being thus ensured, so that no other friction material is needed.
Example 1 Fig. 1 presents a truck 2 moving on a road 1. Mounted on the truck 2 is an 1o apparatus according to the invention that produces a friction surface preventing slipperiness. For this purpose, the apparatus comprises a liquid tank 3 mounted on the vehicle to store the water/liquid 4 to be used in forming the friction surface. The liquid tank 3 may be thermally insulated.
is The water/liquid 4 is sprayed onto the surface of the roadway 1 by means of a liquid dispenser 5, into which the water/liquid is supplied via a pipe 6. The dispenser 5 is provided with nozzles 7, by means of which the water/liquid can be sprayed onto the ground in a desired way, e.g. in the form of patch-like swells 8 forming an uneven friction surface on the ground 1.
To improve adhesion, it is possible, by using additives or even by mixing the water with snow taken from outside, to gelatinize the water used as liquid, thereby improving its drop adhesion properties and shaping on the ground.
2s The exhaust pipe 9 of the vehicle can be provided with a by-pass 10, which is so connected to the tank 3 that it produces lost heat for heating them if necessary. It can also be used to heat the liquid dispenser 5 and the pipe 6.
The driver can control the amount of heat by adjusting the by-pass flow of exhaust gas by means of a valve 11. The temperature of the waterlliquid 3o supplied can be optimized relative to the effects of weather and external temperature, even by cooling if necessary. When pressurized spraying is used, the water/liquid may be under-cooled before being. sprayed.
Example 2 Alternatively, the truck 2 moving on a road 1 as shown in the figure may be provided with an apparatus according to the invention for spreading a friction material, preferably in granular form, preventing slipperiness, such as sand.
For this purpose, the apparatus comprises a platform on which the sand to be spread is loaded. In addition, the vehicle is provided with a liquid tank, mounted e.g. on the front side of the platform, for waterlliquid to be spread on the s roadway 1 in connection with the spreading of sand. The liquid tank and also the platform may be thermally insulated.
In the method of the invention, the sand is spread as such on the roadway by means of a spreading/scattering device provided in the platform, and cold io friction material can be used advantageously as it fastens sooner to the road/ground.
The water/liquid is sprayed onto the surface of the roadway 1 before the spreading of the sand, by means of the liquid dispenser mounted in front of the is spreading/scattering device, water/liquid being supplied into the dispenser via a pipe. The dispenser is provided with nozzles, by means of which the waterlliquid can be sprayed onto the ground in a desired manner, e.g. in patches, in which case the sand will only stick to the road in the area of these patches. This reduces the amount of sand consumed in sanding. Instead of 2o patches it is possible to use stripes etc., making it in some cases possible to influence a vehicle moving on the icy surface so as to direct it in a given direction.
When instead of sand a friction material lighter than water is used, it will not 2s dive in consequence of momentary melting of the surrounding ice but remains buoyant in its melting pit, to be again frozen fast, thus behaving in the desired manner.
By using organic materials "glued" as friction materials, they can be brushed 3o directly to the green areas in the spring, thus allowing savings to be achieved in cleaning and transportation costs.
The exhaust pipe of the vehicle can be provided with a by-pass so arranged in conjunction with the tank and the platform that it produces lost heat for heating 3s these if necessary. It can also be used to heat the liquid dispenser and the pipe.
The driver can control the amount of heat by adjusting the by-pass flow of exhaust gas by means of a valve. The temperature of the water/liquid supplied can be optimized relative to the effects of weather and external temperature, even by cooling if necessary. When pressurized spraying is used, the waterlliquid may be under-cooled before being sprayed.
s Example 3 The friction material may also be spread on the ground by means of a patterned cylindrical roll/roll mat 21 as presented in Fig. 2, whose surface is provided with flutings 22 of desired form. A spreading device like this may be of a self-to propelling type or it may be of a type designed to be hauled behind a vehiclelmachine. The roll/roll mat may be of a tooling type, in which case the material used as friction material can be obtained entirely or partly from the ground.
is It is obvious to the person skilled in the art that different embodiments of the invention are not limited to the examples described above, but that they may be varied within the scope of the claims presented below.
Thus, the friction material may also consist of e.g. triangular pieces of ice, which 2o always stick by one side to the ground, optimal adhesion to the moistened ground being thus ensured, so that no other friction material is needed.
Claims (13)
1. Method for preventing slipperiness of a roadway (1) or an equivalent ground surface, in which method an uneven friction surface is produced on the ground by using a friction material, characterized in that friction material is spread on certain spots on the ground so that they form friction areas at certain spots.
2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that said spots are of a patch-like and/or stripe-like form.
3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the friction material consists of freezable liquid that adheres to the ground.
4. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the liquid is water or equivalent, with additives mixed in it so as to render it consistent, e.g.
gelatinous.
gelatinous.
5. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that pressurized spraying is used in the method and that the water/liquid may be under-cooled before being sprayed.
6. Method according to claim 1 for preventing slipperiness of a roadway (1) or an equivalent ground surface, in which method friction material (4) is spread on the ground surface, said friction material being moistened by a freezable liquid supplied to it, said friction material fastening to the ground surface when the temperature falls to or below the freezing point of the liquid, characterized in that, in the method, - the friction material is spread on the ground surface without being moistened, and - the liquid is supplied to the ground surface in connection with the spreading of the friction material, preferably before the friction material is spread.
7. Apparatus for preventing slipperiness of a roadway (1) or an equivalent ground surface, designed to be fitted on a vehicle and comprising equipment (5) for spreading friction material onto the ground surface, characterized in that the apparatus comprises nozzles (7) by means of which the friction material is dispensed to the ground on certain spots so that they form friction material areas at certain spots.
8. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the nozzles (7) spray the friction material so as to create swells of desired form, preferably patch-like and/or stripe-like.
9. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the apparatus comprises a liquid tank (5), which can contain freezable liquid to be used as friction material, which fastens to the ground surface by being frozen.
10. Apparatus according to claim 7, comprising a temperature control system, characterized in that it comprises a control device (11) for controlling the temperature of the liquid.
11. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the friction material consists of small ice particles, or of organic and/or inorganic material, for which the apparatus has a container.
12. Apparatus according to claim 7 for preventing slipperiness of a roadway (1) or an equivalent ground surface, designed to be fitted on a vehicle and comprising a container for friction material and a spreading device for spreading the friction material onto the ground surface, said friction material being moistened on getting into contact with a freezable liquid and fastening to the ground surface when the temperature falls to or below the freezing point of the liquid, characterized in that, in the apparatus, - the friction material spreading device has been fitted to spread friction material onto the ground surface without moistening, and - a liquid feeder has been fitted before the friction material spreading device so that the liquid is fed onto the ground surface in connection with the spreading of the friction material before the friction material is spread.
13. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the apparatus comprises a rotating roll-like spreading element (21) whose surface is provided with fluting/patterning (22) of desired form.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FI20011495 | 2001-07-09 | ||
| FI20011494A FI113484B (en) | 2001-07-09 | 2001-07-09 | Slipperiness prevention method for roadways involves spreading friction material in predetermined spots to form uneven friction surface |
| FI20011494 | 2001-07-09 | ||
| FI20011495A FI115549B (en) | 2001-07-09 | 2001-07-09 | Slipperiness prevention method for roadways involves spreading friction material in predetermined spots to form uneven friction surface |
| PCT/FI2002/000619 WO2003006745A1 (en) | 2001-07-09 | 2002-07-09 | Method for preventing slipperiness of a roadway or equivalent by means of a friction material or friction surface |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2453398A1 true CA2453398A1 (en) | 2003-01-23 |
Family
ID=26161198
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002453398A Abandoned CA2453398A1 (en) | 2001-07-09 | 2002-07-09 | Method for preventing slipperiness of a roadway or equivalent by means of a friction material or friction surface |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1404924B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE483068T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2453398A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE60237822D1 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO20040082L (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2003006745A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102322322A (en) * | 2011-09-27 | 2012-01-18 | 江苏天嘉车辆技术有限公司 | Engine tail gas waste heat recovery utilization device |
| CN102747703A (en) * | 2012-07-30 | 2012-10-24 | 张铁民 | Liquid snow melting agent spreader |
| GB2533811A (en) * | 2015-01-02 | 2016-07-06 | Flynn Caroline | A de-icing system for a vehicle |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH418378A (en) * | 1962-11-27 | 1966-08-15 | Gruvris Anders | Motor vehicle or truck for sprinkling the roadway with gravel, sand and the like and for sprinkling the same with a liquid from a tank carried along |
| DE3002328A1 (en) * | 1980-01-21 | 1981-07-23 | Kurt 1000 Berlin Uderstadt | Road surface roughening to combat smooth ice - involves initially wetting or heating applied granulated material for adhesion to surface |
| DE3423354A1 (en) * | 1984-06-25 | 1986-06-05 | INTU-Institut für neue Technologien im Umweltschutz GmbH, 4430 Steinfurt | Process and gritting material to increase the grip on ice surfaces |
| DE3732657A1 (en) | 1987-09-28 | 1989-04-13 | Taetzner Wolfgang | Method for increasing grip on icy surfaces |
| SU1701774A1 (en) * | 1989-03-10 | 1991-12-30 | Mikhalchevskij Nikolaj V | Method for reducing spipperiness of road pavements |
| NL9300955A (en) * | 1993-06-03 | 1995-01-02 | Nido Universal Machines Bv | Spreading device and a distribution chamber therefor. |
| FI105353B (en) | 1996-11-07 | 2000-07-31 | Tapio Virokannas | Process and sanding devices for sanding a road or equivalent |
-
2002
- 2002-07-09 AT AT02745461T patent/ATE483068T1/en active
- 2002-07-09 CA CA002453398A patent/CA2453398A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-07-09 DE DE60237822T patent/DE60237822D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-07-09 EP EP02745461A patent/EP1404924B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-07-09 WO PCT/FI2002/000619 patent/WO2003006745A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2004
- 2004-01-08 NO NO20040082A patent/NO20040082L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO20040082L (en) | 2004-01-19 |
| EP1404924A1 (en) | 2004-04-07 |
| WO2003006745A1 (en) | 2003-01-23 |
| ATE483068T1 (en) | 2010-10-15 |
| EP1404924B1 (en) | 2010-09-29 |
| DE60237822D1 (en) | 2010-11-11 |
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