CA2433166A1 - Reciprocating machine - Google Patents
Reciprocating machine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2433166A1 CA2433166A1 CA 2433166 CA2433166A CA2433166A1 CA 2433166 A1 CA2433166 A1 CA 2433166A1 CA 2433166 CA2433166 CA 2433166 CA 2433166 A CA2433166 A CA 2433166A CA 2433166 A1 CA2433166 A1 CA 2433166A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- motion
- translational
- connecting rod
- piston
- line
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
- F01B9/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding groups
- F01B9/02—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding groups with crankshaft
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/32—Engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding main groups
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transmission Devices (AREA)
- Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
A reciprocating machine including a cyclical kinematic chain in which power is transferred between translational and rotational motion, said kinematic chain including a translational means cyclically reciprocatable along a line of motion through a first stroke between a first position and a second position and through a second stroke from said second position back to said first position, said kinematic chain having rotational means in the form of a pair of crankshafts having axes substantially symmetrically disposed on opposite sides of and normal to said line of motion of said translational means, said translational means having a pair of pivotal connecting means the axes of which are substantially symmetrically disposed on opposite sides of and normal to said line of motion of said translational means, said crankshafts each having a crank pin the axis of which follows an orbital path of predetermined diameter in motion centering on said axis of each crankshaft, a pair of connecting rods, each having a first end and a second end, the first end of each connecting rod being connected by said pivotal connecting means to said translational means, and said second end of each of said connecting rods being rotationally connected to respective said crank pins.
Description
r,~ ~ [. ~ '~~Y i ~-~'--~ c V~'~ '~ a.-C ~ P c vl. ~", FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates in general to machines which connects reciprocating motion of single or multiple elements with rotary motion of another element. More specifically, the invention relates to a connection between a crankshaft and a piston to convert rotary to reciprocating motion.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION AND DESCRIPTION OF PRIOR ART
In the past, there have been many mechanisms using counter-rotating crankshafts geared together, and two or more connecting rods aftached directly to a piston. These mechanisms have been employed in internal combustion engines or fluid pumps. The advantages are many: (1 ) the elimination of the side thrust on the piston which is possible with two or more opposed connecting rods; (2) to permit a large offset of the crankshaft rotational axis with respect to the axis of reciprocation and thereby achieve useful modifications of conventional piston motion without very high thrust loads on the piston; (3) to achieve a piston motion which may compliment and thereby improve the efficiency of a given thermodynamic or fluid cycle; and (4) to achieve a better balance which is possible with phased-together, counter-rotating crankshafts.
Some dual, counter-rotating crankshaft engines have the advantages described above; but cannot be made compact in important dimensions, such as piston diameter, or need to overlap the connection rods, and do not afford a very wide choice of functional and structural geometry.
These patents are U.S. Pat. No. 4,945,856, U.S. Pat. No. 2,362,838, U.S. Pat.
No. 5,435,232, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,628,844.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention of an internal combustion engine comprising: Two parallel crankshafts, each having a crankpin; a piston having two wristpins; a first and a second connecting rod operating in the same plane, the first end of each connecting rod being pivotally connected to a wristpin of the same side of the connecting rod, the second end of each connecting rod being pivotally connected to a crankpin of the same side of the connecting rod. When the piston reciprocates within a cylinder, both crankshafts will be forced to rotate in opposite directions.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of preferred embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 shows a front view of preferred embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 shows a top view of preferred embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of piston of preferred embodiment.
FIG. 5 shows a front view of preferred embodiment when the connection rod and the cylinder are in maximum proximity.
FIG. 6 shows a front view of preferred embodiment when the piston departs from the cylinder and reach to the end point.
FIG. 7 shows a front view of preferred embodiment when both connection rods are closest to each other.
FIG. 8 shows a perspective view of an alternative embodliment for the piston shape.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
FIG. 1, 2 and 3 shows an preferred embodiment of the invention in which two crankshafts 12 are supported by the crankcase 14 on the holes 16, and can thus rotate about their respective axes 18. Holes 16 are oriented transversely on crankcase 14, which contains the crankshafts 12 and provides an attachment of fixed position for a reciprocating guide of cylinder 20. The parallel crankshaft axes 18 are spaced apart and disposed symmetrically on either side of the transverse center plane 22 of the mechanism and are aligned transversely and to the longitudinal center plane 24 of the mechanism. That is, the midpoint of each crankpin 26 is in the IongitudinaB
center plane 24. These two crankshafts 12 can be phased together, in this particular case by gears 28 applied to the periphery of the respective crankshaft wheels on the same side of each crankshaft 12. The crankshafts 12 thus rotate in opposite senses and are in a constant phase.
There are two connecting rods 30, each one having a second end 32 which is connected pivotally to a crankpin 26, and a first end 34 which is connected pivotally to a wristpin 36. The parallel axes of the two wristpins 36 are spaced apart and disposed symmetrically on either side of the transverse center plane 22. These wristpins 36 are attached into a reciprocating piston 38 in such a way as to maintain their parallel spacing. The wristpins 36 are retained by suitable means in the transverse direction in such a way that they remain aligned in this same transverse direction. The reciprocating piston 38 is guided by cylinder 20. The path of the piston 38 shown in this figure follows a centerline 40 which is defined by the intersection of the longitudinal center plane 24 and the transverse center plane 22. Thi s intersection forms the cylinder centerline 40 and axis of linear reciprocation.
The connecting rods 30 are aligned in the longitudinal center plane 24 of the mechanism and are therefore aligned with the center poiints of the crankpins 26.
Similarly, the axis of piston reciprocation 40 iies in the center plane of the mechanism.
Therefore, all of the moving parts are centered on and are symmetrical to the longitudinal center plane 24 of the mechanism. Thus, the invention has all motion and all forces acting in a single plane. This alignment of the forces also permits operation at high rotational speeds.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first end 34 and the second end 32 of a connecting rod 30 are always on the same side with respect to the transverse center plane 22. This arrangement finds advantage in comparison to an engine where the connecting rods cross over the center plane 22.
FIG. 4 shows that a elongated skirt section 42 of piston 38 can help to avoid interferences between rods 30 and cylinder 20 when rods 30 moves back and forth.
Skirt section 42 is narrowed in as compared with the top section of piston 38, which is basically round in shape if viewed from the top. Section 4~2 viewed from the bottom side has two straight edges 42a and 42b both parallel and syrnmetrical to longitudinal J
center plane 24. Other two edges 42c and 42d (not shown) are also within the circular contour of the head section of piston 38. IVlathematically skirt section 42 can be formed in such a way that a column shape with a smaller diameter compared with the head section of piston 38 is cut on both sides along edges 42a and 42b vertically toward the head section. The size and shape of relevant parts can be accommodated appropriately such that there is no overlap at any time between two connecting rods when they move together with piston 38 and crankshaft ~12. FIG. 5 shows a situation when rod 30 and cylinder 20 are in maximum proximity. IFIG. 6 shows the situation when piston 38 departs from cylinder 22 and reaches the end point. FIG. ?
shows both rods 30 are closest to each other without interferences.
FIG. 8 shows that the skirt section 42 can be further accommodated to be wider too in order to have a smoother movement for rods.
One of the overall advantages of the present invention is the freedom of design which the various novel combinations of structural features provide. The basic design may have many different applications as described herein, but it should be understood that the number of potential applications is limited only bsr the imagination of the designer and it is particularly suited for reciprocating machines of all types, including pumps.
The present invention also finds particular application to light aircraft with piston engines, especially very light aircraft using engines of one cylinder where the low vibration of the mechanism will allow an even lighter structure for the aircraft without risk of fracture, and where the compact form can reduce the frontal area. A
particular benefit of the mechanism for aircraft having engines of only one cylinder is the annulment of gyroscopic effects due to the counter rotation of the two crankshafts. As with motorcycles, the aircraft may change direction without the influence of this particular engine effect.
The present invention finds further application in the field of hybrid electric vehicle where the availability of four crankshaft ends provides for driving not only the components for function of the engine, but alsa a generator and the vehicle itself directly.
It should be understood that the above description discloses specific embodiments of the present invention and are for purposes of illustration only. There may be other modifications and changes obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art that fall within the scope of the present invention which should be limited only by the following claims and their legal equivalents.
This invention relates in general to machines which connects reciprocating motion of single or multiple elements with rotary motion of another element. More specifically, the invention relates to a connection between a crankshaft and a piston to convert rotary to reciprocating motion.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION AND DESCRIPTION OF PRIOR ART
In the past, there have been many mechanisms using counter-rotating crankshafts geared together, and two or more connecting rods aftached directly to a piston. These mechanisms have been employed in internal combustion engines or fluid pumps. The advantages are many: (1 ) the elimination of the side thrust on the piston which is possible with two or more opposed connecting rods; (2) to permit a large offset of the crankshaft rotational axis with respect to the axis of reciprocation and thereby achieve useful modifications of conventional piston motion without very high thrust loads on the piston; (3) to achieve a piston motion which may compliment and thereby improve the efficiency of a given thermodynamic or fluid cycle; and (4) to achieve a better balance which is possible with phased-together, counter-rotating crankshafts.
Some dual, counter-rotating crankshaft engines have the advantages described above; but cannot be made compact in important dimensions, such as piston diameter, or need to overlap the connection rods, and do not afford a very wide choice of functional and structural geometry.
These patents are U.S. Pat. No. 4,945,856, U.S. Pat. No. 2,362,838, U.S. Pat.
No. 5,435,232, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,628,844.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention of an internal combustion engine comprising: Two parallel crankshafts, each having a crankpin; a piston having two wristpins; a first and a second connecting rod operating in the same plane, the first end of each connecting rod being pivotally connected to a wristpin of the same side of the connecting rod, the second end of each connecting rod being pivotally connected to a crankpin of the same side of the connecting rod. When the piston reciprocates within a cylinder, both crankshafts will be forced to rotate in opposite directions.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of preferred embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 shows a front view of preferred embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 shows a top view of preferred embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of piston of preferred embodiment.
FIG. 5 shows a front view of preferred embodiment when the connection rod and the cylinder are in maximum proximity.
FIG. 6 shows a front view of preferred embodiment when the piston departs from the cylinder and reach to the end point.
FIG. 7 shows a front view of preferred embodiment when both connection rods are closest to each other.
FIG. 8 shows a perspective view of an alternative embodliment for the piston shape.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
FIG. 1, 2 and 3 shows an preferred embodiment of the invention in which two crankshafts 12 are supported by the crankcase 14 on the holes 16, and can thus rotate about their respective axes 18. Holes 16 are oriented transversely on crankcase 14, which contains the crankshafts 12 and provides an attachment of fixed position for a reciprocating guide of cylinder 20. The parallel crankshaft axes 18 are spaced apart and disposed symmetrically on either side of the transverse center plane 22 of the mechanism and are aligned transversely and to the longitudinal center plane 24 of the mechanism. That is, the midpoint of each crankpin 26 is in the IongitudinaB
center plane 24. These two crankshafts 12 can be phased together, in this particular case by gears 28 applied to the periphery of the respective crankshaft wheels on the same side of each crankshaft 12. The crankshafts 12 thus rotate in opposite senses and are in a constant phase.
There are two connecting rods 30, each one having a second end 32 which is connected pivotally to a crankpin 26, and a first end 34 which is connected pivotally to a wristpin 36. The parallel axes of the two wristpins 36 are spaced apart and disposed symmetrically on either side of the transverse center plane 22. These wristpins 36 are attached into a reciprocating piston 38 in such a way as to maintain their parallel spacing. The wristpins 36 are retained by suitable means in the transverse direction in such a way that they remain aligned in this same transverse direction. The reciprocating piston 38 is guided by cylinder 20. The path of the piston 38 shown in this figure follows a centerline 40 which is defined by the intersection of the longitudinal center plane 24 and the transverse center plane 22. Thi s intersection forms the cylinder centerline 40 and axis of linear reciprocation.
The connecting rods 30 are aligned in the longitudinal center plane 24 of the mechanism and are therefore aligned with the center poiints of the crankpins 26.
Similarly, the axis of piston reciprocation 40 iies in the center plane of the mechanism.
Therefore, all of the moving parts are centered on and are symmetrical to the longitudinal center plane 24 of the mechanism. Thus, the invention has all motion and all forces acting in a single plane. This alignment of the forces also permits operation at high rotational speeds.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first end 34 and the second end 32 of a connecting rod 30 are always on the same side with respect to the transverse center plane 22. This arrangement finds advantage in comparison to an engine where the connecting rods cross over the center plane 22.
FIG. 4 shows that a elongated skirt section 42 of piston 38 can help to avoid interferences between rods 30 and cylinder 20 when rods 30 moves back and forth.
Skirt section 42 is narrowed in as compared with the top section of piston 38, which is basically round in shape if viewed from the top. Section 4~2 viewed from the bottom side has two straight edges 42a and 42b both parallel and syrnmetrical to longitudinal J
center plane 24. Other two edges 42c and 42d (not shown) are also within the circular contour of the head section of piston 38. IVlathematically skirt section 42 can be formed in such a way that a column shape with a smaller diameter compared with the head section of piston 38 is cut on both sides along edges 42a and 42b vertically toward the head section. The size and shape of relevant parts can be accommodated appropriately such that there is no overlap at any time between two connecting rods when they move together with piston 38 and crankshaft ~12. FIG. 5 shows a situation when rod 30 and cylinder 20 are in maximum proximity. IFIG. 6 shows the situation when piston 38 departs from cylinder 22 and reaches the end point. FIG. ?
shows both rods 30 are closest to each other without interferences.
FIG. 8 shows that the skirt section 42 can be further accommodated to be wider too in order to have a smoother movement for rods.
One of the overall advantages of the present invention is the freedom of design which the various novel combinations of structural features provide. The basic design may have many different applications as described herein, but it should be understood that the number of potential applications is limited only bsr the imagination of the designer and it is particularly suited for reciprocating machines of all types, including pumps.
The present invention also finds particular application to light aircraft with piston engines, especially very light aircraft using engines of one cylinder where the low vibration of the mechanism will allow an even lighter structure for the aircraft without risk of fracture, and where the compact form can reduce the frontal area. A
particular benefit of the mechanism for aircraft having engines of only one cylinder is the annulment of gyroscopic effects due to the counter rotation of the two crankshafts. As with motorcycles, the aircraft may change direction without the influence of this particular engine effect.
The present invention finds further application in the field of hybrid electric vehicle where the availability of four crankshaft ends provides for driving not only the components for function of the engine, but alsa a generator and the vehicle itself directly.
It should be understood that the above description discloses specific embodiments of the present invention and are for purposes of illustration only. There may be other modifications and changes obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art that fall within the scope of the present invention which should be limited only by the following claims and their legal equivalents.
Claims (3)
1. An internal combustion engine, comprising:
two parallel crankshafts, each having a crankpin;
a piston having two wristpins;
a first and a second connecting rod operating in the same plane, the first end of each connecting rod being pivotally connected to a wristpin of the same side of the connecting rod, the second end of each connecting rod being pivotally connected to a crankpin of the same side of the connecting rod, whereby when the piston reciprocates within a cylinder, both crankshafts will be forced to rotate in opposite directions.
two parallel crankshafts, each having a crankpin;
a piston having two wristpins;
a first and a second connecting rod operating in the same plane, the first end of each connecting rod being pivotally connected to a wristpin of the same side of the connecting rod, the second end of each connecting rod being pivotally connected to a crankpin of the same side of the connecting rod, whereby when the piston reciprocates within a cylinder, both crankshafts will be forced to rotate in opposite directions.
2. An internal combustion engine according to claim 1 wherein said first and second connection rod are identical in shape and size, and they are symmetrical to the center plane which pass the center line of said piston and vertical to operating plane of said connecting rods.
3. A reciprocating machine including a cyclical kinematic chain in which power is transferred between translational and rotational motion, said kinematic chain including a translational means cyclically reciprocatable along a line of motion through a first stroke between a first position and a second position and through a second stroke from said second position back to said first position, said kinematic chain having rotational means in the form of a pair of crank shafts having axes substantially symmetrically disposed on opposite sides of and normal to said line of motion of said translational means, said translational means having a pair of pivotal connecting means the axes of which are substantially symmetrically disposed on opposite sides of and normal to said line of motion of said translational means, said crank shafts each having a crank pin the axis of which follows an orbital path of predetermined diameter in motion centering on said axis of each crankshaft, a pair of connecting rods, each having a first end and a second end, the first end of each connecting rod being connected by said pivotal connecting means to said translational means, and said second end of each of said connecting rods being rotationally connected to respective said crank pins.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2433166 CA2433166A1 (en) | 2003-06-26 | 2003-06-26 | Reciprocating machine |
| CN 200480017797 CN1813117A (en) | 2003-06-26 | 2004-06-25 | A crank mechanism |
| PCT/CN2004/000697 WO2004113680A1 (en) | 2003-06-26 | 2004-06-25 | A crank mechanism |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2433166 CA2433166A1 (en) | 2003-06-26 | 2003-06-26 | Reciprocating machine |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2433166A1 true CA2433166A1 (en) | 2004-12-26 |
Family
ID=33520300
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2433166 Abandoned CA2433166A1 (en) | 2003-06-26 | 2003-06-26 | Reciprocating machine |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1813117A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2433166A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2004113680A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102588140A (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2012-07-18 | 常熟市赵市水磨粉厂 | Bidirectional power output cylinder piston mechanism |
| CN104047718A (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2014-09-17 | 大连理工大学 | Novel crank-link mechanism |
| CN105134399B (en) * | 2015-08-11 | 2017-02-22 | 王立 | Blade-type automotive engine cylinder block |
| CN107351433B (en) * | 2017-07-14 | 2023-08-08 | 苏州斯莱克智能模具制造有限公司 | Punch rod driving mechanism of metal can body forming machine |
| CN110454557A (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2019-11-15 | 浙江大学 | A kind of link gearing for eliminating lateral pressure and connecting rod tilting moment |
| CN110217092B (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2021-06-01 | 清华大学 | Hybrid system and hybrid vehicle |
| CN110823740A (en) * | 2019-11-06 | 2020-02-21 | 中天科技海缆有限公司 | Cable test platform |
| CN110960117A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-04-07 | 西安恒博软件科技有限公司 | High-efficient agitating unit is used in daily life |
| CN114801279B (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2023-02-03 | 金丰（中国）机械工业有限公司 | Crankshaft phase adjusting method of multi-point press |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2036995U (en) * | 1988-11-09 | 1989-05-03 | 湖南大学 | Crankshaft connecting rod mechanism for internal combustion engine |
| DE19506963A1 (en) * | 1995-02-28 | 1995-07-20 | Viktor Hammermeister | Variable stroke combustion engine |
-
2003
- 2003-06-26 CA CA 2433166 patent/CA2433166A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2004
- 2004-06-25 WO PCT/CN2004/000697 patent/WO2004113680A1/en active Application Filing
- 2004-06-25 CN CN 200480017797 patent/CN1813117A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1813117A (en) | 2006-08-02 |
| WO2004113680A1 (en) | 2004-12-29 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Dead |