CA2425560C

CA2425560C - Anticholinergics, processes for preparing them and their use as pharmaceutical compositions

Info

Publication number: CA2425560C
Application number: CA002425560A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Helmut Meissner; Gerd Morschhauser; Michael Paul Pieper; Gerald Pohl; Richard Reichl; Georg Speck
Original assignee: Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co KG
Current assignee: Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co KG
Priority date: 2000-10-14
Filing date: 2001-09-28
Publication date: 2008-07-15
Anticipated expiration: 2021-09-28
Also published as: WO2002032898A3; UY26957A1; EP1328524A2; AU2002213977A1; JP2004511556A; DE10050995A1; MXPA03003093A; CA2425560A1; EP1328524B1; WO2002032898A2; JP5629420B2

Abstract

The invention relates to novel anticholinergics of general formula (1) wherein A, X- and the radical R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 can have the meaning as cited in the claims and the description. The invention also relates to the production thereof in addition to the use thereof as medicaments.

Description

Anticholinergics, Processes for Preparing them and their use as Pharmaceutical Compositions The present invention relates to new anticholinergics of general formula 1 R,R~ -N X
H
A Ra 0 O R7 wherein A, X and the groups R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 may have the meanings given in the claims and in the specification, processes for preparing them and their use as pharmaceutical compositions.

Background to the Invention Anticholinergics may be used therapeutically in a variety of complaints.
Particular mention should be made here, for example, of the treatment of asthma or COPD
(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). For treating these diseases WO

proposes anticholinergics which have a scopine, tropenol or tropine basic structure.
The objective on which WO 92/16528 is based is to prepare compounds with an anticholinergic activity which are characterised by a long-lasting activity.
To solve this problem WO 92/16528 discloses, inter alia, benzilic acid esters of scopine, tropenol or tropine.

For treating chronic diseases it is often desirable to prepare pharmaceutical compositions having a fairly long duration of activity. As a rule, this ensures that the concentration of the active substance needed in the body to achieve the therapeutic effect is provided over a fairly long period of time without having to administer the drug too frequently. Moreover, administering an active substance at fairly long time intervals makes a major contribution to the patient's well being. It is particularly 3o desirable to provide a drug which can be used in a therapeuticaliy beneficial manner by a single application per day (single dose)., The use of a drug once a day has the advantage that the patient can become accustomed relatively quickly to regularly taking the drug at certain times of the day.

In order to be used as a medicament for use once a day, the active substance to be given must meet particular requirements. First of all, the onset of the desired activity should take place relatively quickly after administration of the drug and ideally should have as constant an effect as possible over a subsequent fairly long period of time.
On the other hand, the duration of activity of the drug should not substantially exceed a period of about one day. Ideally, an active substance has an activity profile such 1o that the preparation of a drug for administration once a day, which contains the active substance in therapeutically beneficial doses, can be deliberately controlled.
It has been found that the benzilic acid esters of scopine, tropenol and tropine disclosed in WO 92/16528 do not meet these stringent requirements. Because of their extremely long period of activity, which significantly exceeds the above-mentioned period of about one day, they cannot be used therapeutically for administration in a single dose per day.

The aim of the present invention is therefore to provide new anticholinergics which, 2o by virtue of their activity profile, make it possible to prepare a drug for administration once a day. A further objective of the invention is to prepare compounds characterised by a relative rapid onset of activity. The invention further sets out to provide compounds which, after a rapid onset of activity, have as constant an activity as possible over a subsequent lengthy period of time. A further aim of the invention is to provide compounds whose duration of activity does not substantially exceed a period of about one day in therapeutically beneficial doses. Finally, the invention sets out to provide compounds which have an activity profile which ensures good control of the therapeutic effect (i.e. total therapeutic effect without side effects caused by a build-up of the substance in the body).
Detailed Description of the Invention Surprisingly, it has been found that the above objectives are achieved by means of compounds of general formula 1 wherein at least one of the groups R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 does not represent hydrogen.
Accordingly, the present invention relates to compounds of general formula 1 RZ + /
~N X

H
A
O O
Rg 7 OH

wherein A denotes a double-bonded group selected from among C-C , C=C and H H

X- denotes an anion with a single negative charge;
R1 and R2 denote C1-C4-alkyl which may optionally be substituted by hydroxy or halogen;

R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8, which may be identical or different, denote hydrogen, C1-C4-alkyl, Cl-C4-alkyloxy, hydroxy, CF3, CN, NO2 or halogen, with the proviso that at least one of the groups R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 is not hydrogen.

According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a compound of general formula 1 3a R2 + / R1 N X

H
A
O
Rg R7 wherein A denotes a double-bonded group selected from among C-C and X Z~
H H H O H

X- denotes an anion with a single negative charge;
R1 and R2 independently denote C1-C9-alkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted by hydroxy or halogen;

R3, R9, R5, R6, R' and R8 independently denote hydrogen, C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-alkyloxy, hydroxy, CF3r CN, NO2 or halogen, with the proviso that at least one of the groups R3, R4 and R' is not hydrogen, and at least one of the groups R5, R6 and R8 is not hydrogen;

or an individual optical isomer thereof, a mixture of the individual enantiomers thereof, a racemate thereof, or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof.

Preferred compounds of general formula 1 are those wherein 3b A denotes a double-bonded group selected from among C-C C=C and X__/~ H2 H2 H H H H
O
X- denotes an anion with a single negative charge selected from among chloride, bromide, methylsulphate, 4-toluenesulphonate and methanesulphonate, preferably bromide;

R1 and R2 which may be identical or different, denote a group selected from among methyl, ethyl, n-propyl and iso-propyl, which may optionally be substituted by hydroxy or fluorine, preferably unsubstituted methyl;

R3, R9, R5, R6, R7 and Re, which may be identical or different, denote hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, methyloxy, ethyloxy, hydroxy, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, CN, CF3 or NO2r with the proviso that at least one of the groups R3, R9, R5, R6, R' and R8 is not hydrogen.

Particularly preferred are compounds of general formula 1, wherein A denotes a double-bonded group selected from among C-C , C=C and X - denotes bromide;
Rl and R2, which may be identical or different, denote methyl or ethyl, preferably methyl;
R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8, which may be identical or different, denote hydrogen, methyl, methyloxy, fluorine, chlorine or bromine, with the proviso that at least one of the groups R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 is not hydrogen.
Of particular importance according to the invention are compounds of general formula 1, wherein A denotes a double-bonded group selected from among C-C , C=C and X ' denotes bromide;
Rl and R2 which may be identical or different denote methyl or ethyl, preferably methyl;
R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8, which may be identical or different, denote hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine or bromine, with the proviso that at least one of the groups R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 is not hydrogen.

Also of particular importance according to the invention are compounds of general formula 1, wherein A denotes a double-bonded group selected from among C=C and \~\
/ ~
H H H H
O
X ' denotes bromide;
Rl and R2 which may be identical or different denote methyl or ethyl, preferably methyl;
R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8, which may be identical or different, denote hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine or bromine, with the proviso that at least one of the groups R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 is not hydrogen.

Of outstanding importance according to the invention are the compounds of general formula 1, wherein A denotes a double-bonded group selected from among C=C and H O H
H H 'e7~
X - denotes bromide;
Rl and R2 denote methyl;

5 R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8, which may be identical or different, denote hydrogen or fluorine, with the proviso that at least one of the groups R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 is not hydrogen.

The invention relates to the compounds of formula 1, optionally in the form of the 1o individual optical isomers, mixtures of the individual enantiomers or racemates thereof.

In the compounds of general formula 1 the group R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8, provided that they do not denote hydrogen, may each be in the ortho, meta or para position relative to the bond to the "-C-OH"-group. Provided that none of the groups R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 denotes hydrogen, R3 and R5 are preferably linked in the para-position and R4, R6, R7 and R8 are preferably linked in the ortho- or meta-position, most preferably in the meta-position. Particularly preferred are compounds of formula 1 wherein the groups R7 and R8 denote hydrogen. If in this case one of the groups R3 and R4 and one of the groups R5 and R6 denotes hydrogen, the other group in each case is preferably linked in the meta- or para-position, most preferably in the para-position. If none of the groups R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and denotes hydrogen, according to the invention the compounds of general formula wherein the groups R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 have the same meaning are particularly preferred.

Of particular importance according to the invention are the compounds of general formula 1 wherein the ester-substituent on the nitrogen-bicyclic group is in the a-configuration. These compounds correspond to general formula 1a R+/R1 -N X

H
A

Rs O H
R 1-a.

The following compounds are of particular significance according to the invention:
- tropenol 3,3',4,4'-tetrafluorobenzilate-methobromide;
- scopine 3,3',4,4'-tetrafluorobenzilate-methobromide;
- scopine 4,4'-dichlorobenzilate-methobromide;
- scopine 4,4'-difluorobenzilate-methobromide;
- tropenol 3,3'-difluorobenzilate-methobromide;
- scopine 3,3'-difluorobenzilate-methobromide;
- tropenol 4,4'-difluorobenzilate-ethyl bromide.

Unless otherwise stated, the alkyl groups are straight-chained or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. The following are mentioned by way of example: methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl. In some cases the abbreviations Me, Et, Prop or Bu are used to denote the groups methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl.
Unless otherwise stated, the definitions propyl and butyl include all the possible isomeric forms of the groups in question. Thus, for example, propyl includes n-propyl and iso-propyl, butyl includes iso-butyl, sec.butyl and tert.-butyl, etc.

Unless otherwise stated, the term alkyloxy groups denotes branched and unbranched alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms which are linked via an oxygen atom. Examples of these include: methyloxy, ethyloxy, propyloxy or butyloxy.
The abbreviations MeO-, EtO-, PropO- or BuO- are used in some cases to denote the groups methyloxy, ethyloxy, propyloxy or butyloxy. Unless otherwise stated, the definitions propyloxy and butyloxy include all possible isomeric forms of the groups in question. Thus, for example, propyloxy includes n-propyloxy and iso-propyloxy, butyloxy includes iso-butyloxy, sec.butyloxy and tert.-butyloxy, etc. In some cases, within the scope of the present invention, the term alkoxy is used instead of the term alkyloxy. Accordingly, the terms methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy or butoxy may also be used to denote the groups methyloxy, ethyloxy, propyloxy or butyloxy Halogen within the scope of the present invention denotes fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine. Unless stated otherwise, bromine is the preferred halogen.

The compounds according to the invention may partly be prepared, as illustrated below, analogously to procedures which are already known from the prior art (Diagram 1).

OR
HO
2 +,R
~R R' R3 O R' R 1 -N . 3 N' ~N X
R 4 R? X
H H
A OH A Ra 0 0 R7 A Ra 0 0 R7 .

Diagram 1:
Starting from the compounds of formula 2 the esters of general formula 4 may be obtained by reacting with the benzilic acid esters of formula 3, wherein R
denotes a C1-C4-alkyl group, for example. This reaction may be carried out, for example, in a sodium melt at elevated temperature, preferably at about 50-150 C, particularly preferably at about 90-100 C at low pressure, preferably below 500mbar, most preferably below 75mbar. Alternatively, instead of the benzilic acid esters 3, the corresponding a-chlorine compounds may be used (Cl instead of OH). In this case the reaction may be carried out analogously to the examples of synthesis disclosed in WO 92/16528. The compounds of formula 4 thus obtained can be converted into the target compounds of formula 1 by reacting with the compounds R2-X wherein R2 and X may be as hereinbefore defined. This synthesis step may also be carried out analogously to the examples of synthesis disclosed in WO 92/16528.
Alternatively to the method of synthesising the compounds of formula 4 illustrated in Diagram 1, the derivatives 4 wherein the nitrogen bicyclic group denotes a scopine-derivative may be obtained by oxidising compounds of formula 4 wherein the bicyclic nitrogen group is a tropenyl group. This may be done as follows, according to the invention.
The compound 4 wherein A denotes -CH=CH-, is suspended in a polar organic solvent, preferably in a solvent selected from among N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), dimethylacetamide and dimethylformamide, preferably dimethylformamide, and then heated to a temperature of about 30-90 C, preferably 40-70 C. Then a suitable oxidising agent is added and the mixture is stirred at constant temperature for 2 to 8 hours, preferably 3 to 6 hours. The preferred oxidising agent is vanadium pentoxide mixed with H202, most preferably H202-urea complex combined with vanadium io pentoxide. The mixture is worked up in the usual way. The products may be purified by crystallisation or chromatography, depending on their crystallisation tendencies.
As shown in Diagram 1, the intermediate products of general formula 4 are of crucial importance. Accordingly, in another aspect, the present invention relates to the intermediates of formula 4 R~
.
N

H

R6 O H s wherein A denotes a double-bonded group selected from among C-C , C=C and H O H
R1 denotes C1-C4-alkyl which may optionally be substituted by hydroxy or halogen;

R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8, which may be identical or different, denote hydrogen, C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-alkyloxy, hydroxy, CF3, CN, NO2 or halogen, with the proviso that at least one of the groups R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 is not hydrogen.

The intermediates of general formula 4 are preferred wherein A denotes a double-bonded group selected from among C-C , C=C and Rl methyl, ethyl, n-propyl and iso-propyl, which may optionally be substituted by hydroxy or fluorine, preferably unsubstituted methyl;
R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8, which may be identical or different, denote hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, methyloxy, ethyloxy, hydroxy, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, CN, CF3 or NO2, with the proviso that at least one of the groups R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 is not hydrogen.

lo Particularly preferred are the intermediates of general formula 4, wherein A denotes a double-bonded group selected from among C-C , C=C and Rl denotes methyl or ethyl, preferably methyl;
R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8, which may be identical or different, denote hydrogen, methyl, methyloxy, fluorine, chlorine or bromine, with the proviso that at least one of the groups R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 is not hydrogen.

Of particular importance according to the invention are the intermediates of general formula 4, wherein 2o A denotes a double-bonded group selected from among C-C , C= / and Rl denotes methyl or ethyl, preferably methyl;
R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8, which may be identical or different, denote hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine or bromine, with the proviso that at least one of the groups R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 is not hydrogen.

Also of particular importance according to the invention are the intermediates of formula 4, wherein A denotes a double-bonded group selected from among ~
H_H / and 'e7_x H H
O
Rl denotes methyl or ethyl, preferably methyl;

R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8, which may be identical or different, denote hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine or bromine, with the proviso that at least one of the groups R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 is not hydrogen.

5 Of exceptional importance according to the invention are the intermediates of general formula 4, wherein A denotes a double-bonded group selected from among \c =C and ol'7 H
H O H
R1 denotes methyl;
io R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8, which may be identical or different, denote hydrogen or fluorine, with the proviso that at least one of the groups R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 is not hydrogen.

As in the compounds of general formula 1, in the intermediates of formula 4 the groups R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8, if they do not represent hydrogen, may be in the ortho, meta or para position relative to the bond to the "-C-OH" group. If none of the groups R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 denotes hydrogen, R3 and R5 are preferably linked in the para-position and R4, R6, R7 and R8 are preferably linked in the ortho-or meta-position, most preferably in the meta-position. Particularly preferred are intermediates of formula 4 wherein R7 and R8 denote hydrogen. If in this case one of the groups R3 and R4 and one of the groups R5 and R6 denote hydrogen, the other group in each case is preferably linked in the meta- or para-position, most preferably in the para-position. If none of the groups R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and denotes hydrogen, according to the invention the intermediates of general formula 4 wherein the groups R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 have the same meaning are particularly preferred.

In order to prepare the intermediate products of general formula 4, correspondingly substituted benzilic acid derivatives of general formula 3 are used. These are obtained, analogously to methods known in the art, by reacting Grignard reagents generated in situ from the bromides 5 with the aromatic a-carbonyl-carboxylic acid esters 6.

R
R Br Rs R O
z + oli 310 HO

Diagram 2:
The reaction is carried out in anhydrous organic solvents, preferably in ethereal solvents, most preferably in a solvent selected from among diethylether, dioxane and tetrahydrofuran (THF), the latter being particularly significant. The Grignard reagent is generated from the bromides 5 by reacting with Mg-chips. In some cases it may be necessary to add a reaction starter such as iodine or dibromethane. In order to complete the formation of Grignard-reagent it may be necessary to heat the reaction lo mixture over a period of 0.5 to 2 hours, preferably to above 30 C, most preferably to above 50 C. The upper limit of the temperature range which may be used will naturally be determined from the boiling temperature of the solvent used. The Grignard-reagent thus obtained is then slowly added dropwise to a solution of 6 in one of the above-mentioned solvents. The work may be done at ambient temperature, but is preferably done at a temperature in the range from 0-15 C.
The reaction is generally complete after 1 to 4 hours. The mixture is worked up by conventional methods. The products are purified by crystallisation or column chromatography, depending on the crystallisation tendencies of the compounds 3.
Alternatively, the compounds of formula 3 may also be obtained analogously to other methods of synthesis known from the prior art. Where, for example, suitably substituted benzilic acids are already known in the art and are commercially available, the compounds of formula 3 may also be obtained directly from them by acid- or base-catalysed esterification with the corresponding alcohols R-OH.
Where suitably substituted benzils are already known from the art and are commercially available, the compounds of formula 3 may also be obtained directly from them by benzilic acid rearrangement and subsequent acid- or base-catalysed esterification with the corresponding alcohols R-OH.

As can be seen from Diagram 1, the benzilic acid derivatives of general formula 3 so have a central importance in preparing the compounds of general formula 4 and thus those of formula 1 as well.
Accordingly, in another aspect, the present invention relates to benzilic acid derivatives of formula 3 R$ RO O 7 wherein R denotes C1-C4-alkyl, preferably methyl or ethyl;
R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8, which may be identical or different, denote hydrogen, C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-alkyloxy, hydroxy, CN, CF3, NO2 or halogen, with the proviso that at least one of the groups R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 is not hydrogen.
Preferred are benzilic acid derivatives of general formula 3, wherein R denotes methyl or ethyl;
R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8, which may be identical or different, denote hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, methyloxy, ethyloxy, hydroxy, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, CN, CF3 or NO2, with the proviso that at least one of the groups R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 is not hydrogen.

Particularly preferred are benzilic acid derivatives of general formula 3, wherein R denotes methyl or ethyl;
R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8, which may be identical or different, denote hydrogen, methyl, methyloxy, fluorine, chlorine or bromine, with the proviso that at least one of the groups R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 is not hydrogen.

Of particular importance according to the invention are benzilic acid derivatives of general formula 3, wherein R denotes methyl or ethyl;
R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8, which may be identical or different, denote hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine or bromine, with the proviso that at least one of the groups R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 is not hydrogen.
Of exceptional importance according to the invention are the intermediates of general formula 3, wherein R denotes methyl or ethyl;

R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8, which may be identical or different, denote hydrogen or fluorine, with the proviso that at least one of the R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 is not hydrogen.

As in the compounds of general formula 4 and 1, in the benzilic acid derivatives of formula 3 the groups R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8, provided that they are not hydrogen, may each be in the ortho, meta or para position relative to the bond to the "-C-OH" group. If none of the groups R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 denotes hydrogen, R3 and R5 are preferably linked in the para-position and R4, R6, R7 and R8 are lo preferably linked in the ortho- or meta-position, most preferably in the meta-position.
Particularly preferred are benzilic acids of formula 3 wherein R7 and R8 denote hydrogen. If one of the groups R3 and R4 and one of the groups R5 and R6 denotes hydrogen, the other group in each case is preferably linked in the meta- or para-position, most preferably in the para-position. If none of the groups R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 denotes hydrogen, according to the invention the benzilic acid derivatives of general formula 3 wherein the groups R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 have the same meaning are particularly preferred.

The examples of synthesis described hereinafter serve to illustrate the present invention still further. However, they are intended only as examples of procedures as an illustration of the invention without restricting the invention to the subject-matter described by way of example.

1. Synthesis of the benzilic acid derivatives of formula 3:
1.1.: ethyl 3,3',4,4'-tetrafluorobenzilate 3a:.
The Grignard reagent is prepared from 2.24 g (0.092 mol) of magnesium chips, a few granules of iodine and 17.80 g (0.092 mol) of 1-bromo-3,4-difluoro-benzene in 100 ml of THF at 50 C. After the halide has all been added, the mixture is stirred for another hour. The Grignard reagent thus obtained is added dropwise to 18.81 g (0.088 mol) of ethyl 3,4-difluorophenylglyoxylate in 80 ml of THF at 10 -15 C
and the mixture obtained is stirred for 2 hours at 5 C.
The white suspension is poured onto ice/sulphuric acid for working up, extracted with ethyl acetate, the organic phase is washed with water, dried over MgSO4 and evaporated to dryness. The crude product is purified by column chromatography (eluant: toluene).
Yield: 10.80 g of oil 1 (= 38 % of theory) 1.2.: methyl 2,2'-dichlorobenzilate W.
A solution of 10.0 g (0.034 mol) of 2,2'-dichlorobenzilic acid in 50 ml of ethanol was added dropwise to freshly prepared sodium ethoxide solution of 0.78 g (0.034 mol) of sodium and 100 ml of ethanol at 200 C and stirred overnight. The solution was evaporated to dryness, the residue was dissolved in DMF and at 20 C 9.57 g (0.0674 mol) of methyl iodide were added dropwise and the mixture was stirred for a further 72 hours. 300 ml of water were added dropwise to the resulting suspension while cooling with ice, it was extracted with diethyl ether, the organic phase was washed with water, dried over Na2SO4 and evaporated to dryness.
Yield: 10.48 g 8 (= 100% of theory) 1.3.: methyl 4,4'-difluorobenzilate 3c:.
1o 1.3.1.: 4,4'-difluorobenzilic acid:
At about 100 C a solution of 24.62 g (0.1 moI) of 4,4'-difluorobenzil in 250 ml of dioxane is added dropwise to a solution of 49.99 g (1.25 mol) of NaOH flakes in 300 ml of water and stirred for 2 h. The dioxane is largely distilled off and the aqueous solution remaining is extracted with dichloromethane. When the aqueous solution is acidified with sulphuric acid, a precipitate is formed which is suction filtered, washed and dried. The filtrate is extracted with dichloromethane, the organic phase is dried over Na2SO4 and evaporated to dryness.
Yield: 25,01 g (= 95 % of theory); melting point:133 -136 C
1.3.2.: methyl 4,4'-difluorobenzilate:
25.0 g (0.095 mol) of 4,4'-difluorobenzilic acid are added to freshly prepared sodium ethoxide solution containing 2.17 g (0.095 mol) of sodium and 200 ml of ethanol at 20 C and stirred for 3 h. The solution is evaporated to dryness, the residue is dissolved in DMF, 22.57 g(0.16 mol) of methyl iodide are added dropwise at 20 C
and the mixture is stirred for 24 h. It is worked up and purified analogously to compound 3b. Yield: 21.06 g of 11 (= 80 % of theory) 1.4.: methyl 2,2',4,4'-tetrafluorobenzilate 3d:.
1.4.1: methyl 2,4-difluorophenylglyoxylate:
3o 50 g (0.44 moI) of 1,3-difluorobenzene are dissolved at 20 C in 135 ml of carbon disulphide with 73.5 g (0.55 moI) AICI3 and then 55.15 g (0.45 mol) of methyl oxalate chloride are added and the mixture is stirred for 2.5 h at 20 C. Ice-cold 2 N
aqueous hydrochloric acid is added dropwise while cooling, extracted with ethyl acetate, the organic phase is washed with water and 10 % aqueous Na2CO3 solution, dried over MgSO4 and evaporated to dryness.
Yield: 38.0 g of oil 14 (= 43 % of theory) 1.4.2.: methyl 2,2',4,4'-tetrafluorobenzilate:

Starting from the methyl 2,4-difluorophenylglyoxylate obtained according to the above procedure, the title compound is prepared analogously to 3a;
Yield: 7.55 g of 15 (= 13 % of theory).

1.5.: methyl 4,4'-dimethylbenzilate 3e:.
At 200 C, 12.43 g (0.048 mol) of 4,4'-dimethylbenzilic acid in 50 ml ethanol are added dropwise to freshly prepared sodium ethoxide solution containing 1.1 g (0.045 mol) of sodium and 100 ml of ethanol and the mixture is stirred for 30 min. The solution is 10 evaporated to dryness, the residue dissolved in 50 ml of DMF, 9.08 g (0.064 mol) of methyl iodide are added dropwise at 20 C and stirring is continued for a further 24 h. 300 ml of water are added dropwise to the resulting suspension while cooling with ice, the mixture is extracted with diethylether, the organic phase is washed with water, dried over Na2SO4 and evaporated to dryness.
15 Yield: 8.6 g (= 99 % of theory); melting point: 83-84 C.
1.6.: methyl 3,3',4,4'-tetramethoxybenzilate 3f:.
1.6.1: methyl 3,4-dimethoxyglyoxylate:
14.00 g (0.11 mol) of AICI3 are placed in 100 ml of dichloromethane and at 5 C
combined with 12.86 g (0.11 mol) of monomethyl oxalate chloride. 1,2-dimethoxybenzene is added dropwise to the organic solution at 0 C, the mixture is stirred for 1 h at 0 C, then for 24 h at 20 C, poured onto ice/hydrochloric acid, extracted, the organic phase is washed with water and NAHCO3solution, dried over MgSO4 and evaporated to dryness. The residue is crystallised from diethylether/petroleum ether.
Yield: 13.55 g (= 60 % of theory); melting point: 65 -66 C.
1.6.2: methyl 3,3',4,4'-tetramethoxybenzilate:
The Grignard reagent is prepared from 1.58 g (0.065 mol) of magnesium chips, some iodine and 14.10 g (0.065 mol) of bromoveratrol in 50 ml of THF at 50 C.
Stirring is continued for 1 h. 11.28 g (0.05 mol) of methyl 3,4-dimethoxyglyoxylate are placed in 80 ml of THF and the Grignard reagent is added dropwise at 10 -C, the mixture is stirred for 2 h at 20 C, poured onto ice/sulphuric acid and extracted with ethyl acetate. Then the organic phase is washed with water, dried over MgSO4 and evaporated to dryness.
The product is purified by crystallisation from acetone/diethylether.
Yield: 7.62 g (= 42 % of theory); melting point:129 -130 C.

1.7.: methyl 4,4'-dimethoxybenzilate 3g:.

1.7.1: methyl 4-methoxyglyoxylate:
The compound is prepared analogously to step 1.6.1 starting from 21.65 g (0.20 mol) of anisol; Yield: 16.45 g (= 60 % of theory); melting point: 52 C.

1.7.2: methyl 3,4-dimethoxybenzilate:
The compound is prepared analogously to step 1.6.2, starting from 16.45 g (0.085 mol) of methyl 4-methoxyglyoxylate; the product is purified by crystallisation from isopropanol; Yield: 12.28 g(= 48 % of theory); melting point: 111 C.
1.8.: methyl 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-dimethoxybenzilate 3h:.
1.8.1: methyl 3-methyl-4-methoxyglyoxylate:
The compound is prepared analogously to step 1.6.1 starting from 26.88 g (0.22 mol) of 2-methylanisol; Yield: 21.0 g(= 46 % of theory); melting point: 49 C.
1.8.2: methyl 3,4-dimethoxybenzilate:
The compound is prepared analogously to step 1.6.2, starting from 21.0 g (0.1 mol) of methyl 3-methyl-4-methoxyglyoxylate; the product is purified by crystallisation from petroleum ether/diethylether; Yield: 11.1 g (= 33 % of theory); melting point:
134 C.

1.9.: ethyl 4,4'-dichlorobenzilate R.
The product may be synthesised analogously to step 1.5.
1.10: methyl 3,3',5,5'-tetrafluorobenzilate 3j:.
1.10.1: 3, 3', 5, 5'-tetrafl u o rob en zi I:
110 ml of ethanol are taken at ambient temperature and 50.0 g (0.352 mol) of 3,5-difluorobenzaldehyde and 444 g (0.018 mol) of 3-ethyl-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazolium bromide are added. Then 10.7 g (0.11 mol) of triethylamine are 3o added dropwise. The mixture is refluxed for 3 h and evaporated to dryness.
The residue is taken up in ethyl acetate and extracted with water, sodium pyrosulphite in water and Na2CO3 solution. After drying over MgSO4 the mixture is evaporated to dryness.
Yield: 39.91 g of yellow crystals (= 80% of theory).
39.91 g of the acyloin thus obtained are dissolved in 1700 ml of acetonitrile at ambient temperature, 0.2 ml of vanadium-(V)-oxytrichloride are added and oxygen is piped in. After 1.5 h the solution is evaporated to dryness, extracted with ethyl acetate and water, as well as Na2CO3 solution, dried over MgSO4 and evaporated to dryness. The residue remaining is stirred with petroleum ether/ethyl acetate 95:5.
Yield: 26.61 g yellowish-green crystals (= 67% of theory); melting point.: 136-138 C.
1.10.2: 3,3',5,5'-Tetrafluorobenzilic acid:
46.98 g (1.747 mol) of sodium hydroxide in 330 ml water are placed in a boiling water bath with thorough stirring and a solution of 26.61 g (0.094 mol) of 3,3',5,5'-tetrafluorobenzil in 330 ml dioxane is added dropwise and then stirred for another 1 h. After cooling the dioxane is evaporated, the residue is diluted with water and lo extracted with diethylether. The organic phase is acidified, extracted with dichloromethane, dried over MgSO4, evaporated to dryness. Yield: 20.15 g of yellowish crystals (= 71 % of theory).

1.10.3: methyl 3,3',5,5'-tetrafluorobenzilate:
20.15 g (0.0671 mol) of 3,3',5,5'-tetrafluorobenzilic acid are placed in 250 ml acetonitrile, 18.6 g (0.121 mol) of DBU and 34.4 g (0.2426 mol) of methyl iodide are added and then stirred for 6 h at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture is evaporated to dryness, the residue extracted with ethyl acetate and water, the organic phase dried over MgSO4, evaporated to dryness.
2o The product is recrystallised from cyclohexane.
Yield: 15.11 g of beige crystals (= 68% of theory); melting point.: 113-114 C
1.11: methyl 3,3'-dichlorobenzilate W.
1.11.1.: 3,3'-dichlorobenzil:
100 ml of ethanol are used at ambient temperature and 50.0 g (0.356 mol) of 3-chlorobenzaldehyde and 4.54 g (0.018 mol) of 3-ethyl-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazolium bromide are added. Then 10.7 g (0.11 mol) of triethylamine are added dropwise. The mixture is refluxed for 3 hours and evaporated to dryness.
The residue is taken up in ethyl acetate and extracted with water, sodium pyrosulphite in water and Na2CO3 solution. After drying over MgSO4 it is evaporated to dryness. The product obtained is recrystallised from isopropanol and petroleum ether.
Yield: 13.2 g of white crystals (= 13% of theory); melting point.: 69-70 C.

13.0 g of the acyloin thus obtained are dissolved in 460 ml acetonitrile at RT, 0.0867 g of vanadium-(V)-oxytrichloride are added and oxygen is piped in. After 1.5 h the solution is evaporated to dryness, extracted with ethyl acetate and water, as well as Na2CO3 solution, dried over MgSO4 and evaporated to dryness. The residue remaining is stirred with petroleum ether/ethyl acetate 95:5.
Yield: 12.59 g of yellow crystals (= 97% of theory); melting point.: 116-117 C.

1.11.2.: 3,3'-dichlorobenzilic acid:
51.45 g (1.286 mol) of sodium hydroxide in 1000 ml water are placed in a bath of boiling water with thorough stirring and a solution of 28.5 g (0.102 mol) of 3,3'-dichlorobenzil in 700 ml dioxane is added dropwise and then stirred for another 1 h.
After cooling the dioxane is evaporated down, the residue is diluted with water and extracted with diethylether. The organic phase is acidified, extracted with dichloromethane, dried over MgSO4, evaporated to dryness.
Yield: 32.7 g (= 71 % of theory).
1.11.3.: methyl 3,3'-dichlorobenzilate:
From 100 ml of ethanol and 1.97 g (0.0855 mol) of sodium, a sodium ethoxide solution is prepared to which 26.6 g (0.0855 mol) of 3,3'-dichlorobenzilic acid in 50 ml of ethanol are added dropwise. The mixture is then stirred for 4 h at ambient temperature. After the solvent has been distilled off the residue is dissolved in 150 ml DMF and 24.27 g(0.171 mol) of methyl iodide are added dropwise, then stirred for another 24 h. While cooling with ice, 300 ml of water and 200 ml of diethylether are added dropwise, the phases are separated, the aqueous phase is extracted with diethylether, then the organic phases are washed with Na2CO3 solution and shaken with water till neutral. After drying over Na2SO4 the mixture is evaporated to dryness.
Yield: 22.91 g of yellow oil (= 82% of theory).

1.12: methyl 4,4'-di(trifluoromethyl)benzilate 31:.
1.12.1.: 4,4'-di(trifluoromethyl)benzil:
The reaction to form the acyloin derivative is carried out analogously to the process according to step 1.11.1 starting from 174.1 g of 4-(trifluoromethyl)-benzaldehyde.
Yield: 150.2 g of whitish-yellow crystals (= 86% of theory).

150.2 g of the acyloin thus obtained are reacted analogously to the method 3o according to step 1.11.1 to obtain the benzil.
Yield: 93.5 g of yellow crystals (= 63% of theory); melting point.: 141-142 C.
1.12.2.: 4,4'-di(trifluoromethyl)benzilic acid:
10.00 g (0.0289 mol) of 4,4'-di(trifluoromethyl)benzil are reacted analogously to the method according to step 1.11.2 to obtain the corresponding benzilic acid.
Yield: 8.15 g of yellowish crystals (= 77% of theory).
1.12.3.: methyl 4,4'-di(trifluoromethyl)benzilate:

38.5 g (0.115 mol) of 4,4'-di(trifluoromethyl)benzilic acid, 30.5 g (0.20 mol) of DBU
and 56.8 g (0.40 mol) of methyl iodide are reacted in 400 ml acetonitrile analogously to step 1.10.3. The product is purified by flash chromatography (eluant cyclohexane/ethyl acetate 95:5). Yield: 20.05 g of white crystals (= 46% of theory) melting point.: 68 C

1.13: methyl 3,3'-di(trifluoromethyl)benzilate 3m:.
1.13.1.: 3,3'-di(trifluoromethyl)benzil:
The reaction to form the acyloin derivative is carried out analogously to the process io according to step 1.11.1 starting from 30.0 g of 3-(trifluoromethyl)-benzaldehyde.
Yield: 25.96 g of yellow oil (= 87% of theory).

25,96 g of the acyloin thus obtained are reacted analogously to the method according to step 1.11.1 to obtain the benzil.
Yield: 10.5 g of light yellow crystals (= 24% of theory).
1.13.2.: 3,3'-di(trifluoromethyl)benzilic acid:
10.5 g (0.0182 mol) of 3,3'-di(trifluoromethyl)benzil are reacted analogously to the method according to step 1.11.2 to obtain the corresponding benzilic acid.
20Yield: 10.55 g of yellowish oil.

1.13.3.: methyl 3,3'-di(trifluoromethyl)benzilate:
10.55 g (0.0289 mol) of 4,4'-di(trifluoromethyl)benzilic acid, 8.82 g (0.0579 mol) of DBU and 16.44 g (0.1158 mol) of methyl iodide are reacted in 110 ml acetonitrile analogously to step 1.10.3. The product is purified by recrystallisation from cyclohexane.
Yield: 6.02 g of white crystals (= 57% of theory); melting point.: 69-70 C.
1.14: methyl 3,3'-dichloro-4,4'-difluorobenzilate 3n:.
1.14.1.:3,3'-dichloro-4,4'-difluorobenzil:
The reaction to form the acyloin derivative is carried out analogously to the process according to step 1.11.1 starting from 30.0 g of 3-chloro-4-fluoro-benzafdehyde.
Yield: 29.49 g of orange oil.

29.49 g of the acyloin thus obtained are reacted analogously to the method according to step 1.11.1 to obtain the benzil.
Yield: 24.88 g of yellow crystals.

1.14.2.: 3,3'-dichloro-4,4'-difluorobenzilic acid:

24,88 g (0.079 mol) of 3,3'-dichloro-4,4'-difluorobenzil are reacted analogously to the method according to step 1.11.2 to obtain the corresponding benzilic acid.
Yield: 17.07g of orange solid.

5 1.14.3.: methyl 3,3'-dichloro-4,4'-difluorobenzilate:
17.07 g (0.0512 mol) of 3,3'-dichloro-4,4'-difluorobenzilic acid, 14.10 g (0.0926 mol) of DBU and 26.29 g (0.1852 mol) of methyl iodide are reacted in 200 ml acetonitrile analogously to step 1.10.3. Yield: 6.77 g (= 38% of theory).

io 1.15: methyl 2,2',5,5'-tetrafluorobenzilate 3o:.
1.15.1.: 2,2',5,5'-tetrafluorobenzil:
The reaction to form the acyloin derivative is carried out analogously to the process according to step 1.11.1 starting from 50.0 g 2,5-difluoro-benzaldehyde.
Yield: 45.5 g of yellow crystals.
45.5 g of the acyloin thus obtained are reacted analogously to the method according to step 1.11.1 to obtain the benzil.
Yield: 39,75 g of yellow crystals (=88% of theory).
1.15.2.: 2,2',5,5'-tetrafluorobenzilic acid:
39.75 g (0.14 mol) of 2,2',5,5'-tetrafluorobenzil are reacted analogously to the method according to step 1.11.2 to obtain the corresponding benzilic acid.
Yield: 44.76 g of yellowish oil.

1.15.3.: methyl 2,2',5,5'-tetrafluorobenzilate:
44.76 g (0.14 mol) of 2,2',5,5'-tetrafluorobenzilbenzilic acid are reacted analogously to step 1.10.3. Yield: 29.4 g of oil.

1.16: methyl 2,2',3,3'-tetrafluorobenzilate 3p:.
1.16.1.: 2,2',3,3'-tetrafluorobenzil:
The reaction to form the acyloin derivative is carried out analogously to the process according to step 1.11.1 starting from 30.0 g 2,3-difluoro-benzaldehyde.
Yield: 29.85 g of yellow crystals.

29.85 g of the acyloin thus obtained are reacted analogously to the method according to step 1.11.1 to obtain the benzil.
Yield: 25.22 g of orange oil.

1.16.2.: 2,2',3,3'-tetrafluorobenzilic acid:

25.22 g (0.0894 mol) of 2,2',3,3'-tetrafluorobenzil are reacted analogously to the method according to step 1.11.2 to obtain the corresponding benzilic acid.
Yield: 29.13 g of orange solid.

I .16.3.: methyl 2,2',3,3'-tetrafluorobenzilate:
29.13 g (0.097 mol) of 2,2',3,3'-tetrafluorobenzilbenzilic acid are reacted analogously to step 1.10.3. Yield: 15.78 g of beige crystals; melting point.: 102-103 C.

1.17: methyl 3,3'-difluorobenzilate 3q:.
lo 1.17.1.: 3,3'-difluorobenzil:
The reaction to form the acyloin derivative is carried out analogously to the process according to step 1.11.1 starting from 50.0 g 3-fluoro-benzaldehyde.
Yield: 49.45 g.

49.45 g of the acyloin thus obtained are reacted analogously to the method according to step 1.11.1 to obtain the benzil.
Yield: 42.01 g of light yellow crystals; melting point.: 104-105 C.
1.17.2.: 3,3'-difluorobenzilic acid:
2o 42,01 g (0.171 mol) of 3,3'-difluorobenzil are reacted analogously to the method according to step 1.11.2 to obtain the corresponding benzilic acid.
Yield: 33.07 g (=75% of theory); melting point.: 121-122 C.
1.17.3.: methyl 3,3'-difluorobenzilate:
33.7 g (0.128 mol) of 3,3'-difluorobenzilbenzilic acid are reacted analogously to step 1.10.3. Yield: 34.78 g beige crystals (=98% of theory); melting point.: 84-85 C.

1.18: methyl 4,4'-dichloro-3,3'-difluorobenzilate 3r:
1.18.1.: 4,4'-dichloro-3,3'-difluorobenzil:
The reaction to form the acyloin derivative is carried out analogously to the process according to step 1.11.1 starting from 33,13 g 4-chloro-3-fluoro-benzaldehyde.
Yield: 30.07 g of oil.

30.07 g of the acyloin thus obtained are reacted analogously to the method according to step 1.11.1 to obtain the benzil.
Yield: 19.32 g of light yellow powder.

1.18.2.: 4,4'-dichloro-3,3'-difluorobenzilic acid:

19.32 g (0.0613 mol) of 4,4'-dichloro-3,3'-difluorobenzil are reacted analogously to the method according to step 1.11.2 to obtain the corresponding benzilic acid.
Yield: 25.3 g of oil.

1.18.3.: methyl 4,4'-dichloro-3,3'-difluorobenzilate:
25.3 g (0.075 mol) of 4,4'-dichloro-3,3'-difluorobenzilic acid are reacted analogously to step 1.10.3. Yield: 13.07 g of yellow oil (= 50% of theory).

1.19: methyl 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobenzilate 3s:.
1o 1.19.1.: 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobenzil:
The reaction to form the acyloin derivative is carried out analogously to the process according to step 1.11.1 starting from 100 g of 3,4-dichlorobenzaidehyde.
Yield: 60.89 g of oil.

60.89 g of the acyloin thus obtained are reacted analogously to the method according to step 1.11.1 to obtain the benzil.
Yield: 42.45 g of yellow crystals.

1.19.2.: 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobenzilic acid:
2o 44.75 g(0.128 moI) of 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobenzil are reacted analogously to the method according to step 1.11.2 to obtain the corresponding benzilic acid.
Yield: 42 g of yellowish powder; melting point.: 224 C.

1.19.3.: methyl 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobenzilate:
42 g (0.114 mol) of 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobenzilic acid are reacted analogously to step 1.10.3. Yield: 15.84 g (= 37% of theory); melting point.: 69 C.

1.20: methyl 3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexafluorobenzilate U.
1.20.1.: 3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexafluorobenzil:
3o The reaction to form the acyloin derivative is carried out analogously to the process according to step 1.11.1 starting from 31.38 g of 3,4,5-trifluorobenzaidehyde.
Yield: 24.92 g.

24.92 g of the acyloin thus obtained are reacted analogously to the method according to step 1.11.1 to obtain the benzil.
Yield: 14.65 g of yellow crystals.

1.20.2.: 3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexafluorobenzilic acid:

14,62 g (0.046 mol) of 3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexafluorobenzil are reacted analogously to the method according to step 1.11.2 to obtain the corresponding benzilic acid.
Yield: 15.77 g of yellow crystals.

1.20.3.: methyl 3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexafluorobenzilbenzilate:
42 g (0.114 mol) of 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobenzilic acid are reacted analogously to step 1.10.3. Yield: 5.65 g (= 35% of theory); melting point.: 82-83 C.

II. Synthesis of the compounds of general formula 4:
I1.1.: tropenol 3,3',4,4'-tetrafluorobenzilate 4.1:
4.27 g (0.013 mol) of ethyl 3,3',4,4'-tetrafluorobenzilate 3a, 1.81 g (0.013 mol) of tropenol and 0.03 g of sodium are heated for 4 h as a melt at 75 mbar over a bath of boiling water with occasional shaking. After cooling, the sodium residues are dissolved with acetonitrile, the solution is evaporated to dryness and the residue is extracted with dichloromethane/water. The organic phase is washed with water, dried over MgSO4 and evaporated to dryness.
The residue remaining is combined with diethylether/petroleum ether 1:9, suction filtered and washed. Yield: 2.50 g(= 46 % of theory);
2o TLC: Rf value: 0.29 (eluant: sec. butanol/formic acid/water 75:15:10);
melting point: 147 -148 C.

11.2.: scopine 3,3',4,4'-tetrafluorobenzilate 4.2:
4.2 is prepared analogously to the method according to 11.1;
Yield: 1.75 g(= 36 % of theory) starting from 3.61 g (0.011 mol) of 3a and 1.71 g (0.011 mol) of scopine; TLC: Rf value: 0.22 (eluant as in step 11.1);
melting point: 178-179 C;

11.3.: tropenol 4,4'-dichlorobenzilate 4.3:
3o 4.3 is prepared analogously to the method according to 11.1;
Yield: 6.95 g (= 83 % of theory) starting from 6.5 g (0.02 mol) of 3i and 2.78 g (0.02 mol) of tropenol; TLC: Rf value: 0.30 (eluant as in step 11.1); melting point:

199 C;

11.4.: tropenol 2,2'-dichlorobenzilate 4.4:
4.4 is prepared analogously to the method according to 11.1; the product was precipitated as the hydrochloride and recrystallised from acetonitrile;

Yield: 1.13 g(= 8% of theory) starting from 9.3 g (0.03 mol) of 3b and 8.32 g (0.06 mol) of tropenol; TLC: Rf value: 0.26 (eluant as in step 11.1); melting point:

256 C (hydrochloride);

11.5.: tropenol 4,4'-difluorobenzilate 4.5:
4.5 is prepared analogously to the method according to 11.1;
Yield: 8.71 g(= 69 % of theory) starting from 8.35 g (0.03 mol) of 3c and 4.18 g (0.03 mol) of tropenol; TLC: Rf value: 0.34 (eluant as in step 11.1);
melting point: 167-169 C;
11.6.: tropenol 2,2',4,4'-tetrafluorobenzilate 4.6:
4.6 is prepared analogously to the method according to 11.1;
Yield: 1.80 g (= 27 % of theory) starting from 4.00 g (0.013 mol) of 3d and 3.54 g (0.036 mol) of tropenol; melting point: 190 C;
11.7.: scopine 4,4'-dichlorobenzilate 4.7:
3.78 g (0.01 mol) of tropenol 4,4'-dichlorobenzilate 4.3 are suspended in 40 ml of DMF and heated to 60 C until a clear solution is formed. At an internal temperature of about 40 C a solution of 1.92 g (0.0216 mol) of H202-urea in 10 ml of water, and 0.183 g (0.0011 mol) of vanadium-(V)-oxide are added and the mixture is stirred for 4.5 h at 60 C. After cooling to 20 C the precipitate formed is suction filtered, the filtrate is adjusted to pH3 with 4 N hydrochloric acid and combined with 0.437 g (0.0023 mol) of Na2S2O7 in 10 ml of water. The green solution thus formed is evaporated to dryness, the residue is extracted with dichloromethane/water.
The acidic aqueous phase is made basic with Na2CO3, extracted with dichloromethane and the organic phase is dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated. Then 0.5 ml of acetyl chloride is added at about 15 C and the mixture is stirred for 1.5 h. After extraction with 0.1 N hydrochloric acid the aqueous phase is made basic, extracted with dichloromethane, the organic phase is dried over Na2SO4and evaporated to dryness.
3o The hydrochloride is precipitated from the residue and recrystallised from methanol/diethylether.
Yield: 1.92 g of 18 (= 45 % of theory); TLC: Rf value: 0.29 (eluant as in 11.1);
melting point: 238-239 C (hydrochloride).

11.8.: scopine 4,4'-difluorobenzilate 4.8:
4.8 is prepared analogously to the method according to 11.7;
Yield: 2.60 g (= 70 % of theory) starting from 3.27 g (0.09 mol) of 4e;
TLC: Rf value: 0.25 (eluant as in step 11.1); melting point: 243-244 C
(hydrochloride).

11.9.: tropenol 4,4'-dibromobenzilate 4.9:
4.9 is prepared analogously to the method according to 11.1;
Yield: 2.36 g (= 19 % of theory) starting from 9.9 g (0.023 mol) of commercially obtainable isopropyl 4,4'-dibromobenzilate and 3.21 g (0.023 mol) of tropenol;
to 5 purify it, the hydrochloride was precipitated and recrystallised from acetonitrile; TLC:
Rf value: 0.30 (eluant as in step 11.1);
melting point: 205-207 C (hydrochloride).
11.10.: tropenol 4,4'-dimethylbenzilate 4.10:
1o 4.10 is prepared analogously to the method according to 11.1;
Yield: 3.55 g (= 81 % of theory) starting from 2.87 g (0.01 mol) of 3e and 1.48 g (0.01 mol) of tropenol; to purify it, the hydrochloride was precipitated and recrystallised from acetonitrile; melting point: 232-233 C (hydrochloride).

15 11.11.: scopine 4,4'-dimethylbenzilate 4.11:
4.11 is prepared analogously to the method according to 11.1;
Yield: 1.02 g(= 24 % of theory) starting from 2.87 g (0.01 mol) of 3e and 1.65 g (0.01 mol) of scopine; to purify it, the hydrochloride was precipitated;
melting point: 181-183 C (hydrochloride).
11.12.: tropine 3,3',4,4'-tetrafluorobenzilate 4.12:
4.12 is prepared analogously to the method according to 11.1;
Yield: 2.35 g(= 53 % of theory) starting from 3.45 g (0.01 mol) of 3a and 1.49 g (0.01 mol) of tropine; melting point: 142-144 C.
11.13.: tropenol 3,3',4,4'-tetramethoxybenzilate 4.13:
2.60 g (0.007 mol) of 3f, 1.00 g (0.007 mol) of tropenol and 0.03 g of sodium are placed in 15 ml of toluene and refluxed for 4 h. After cooling, the mixture is diluted with about 100 ml of toluene, extracted with water, the organic phase is dried over MgSO4 and evaporated to dryness. Yield: 1.60 g of oil (= 47 % of theory) 11.14.: tropenol 4,4'-dimethoxybenzilate 4.14:
4.14 is prepared analogously to the method according to 11.1;
Yield: 3.3 g (= 78 % of theory) starting from 3.0 g (0.01 moI) of 3q and 1.39 g (0.01 moI) of tropenol; melting point: 146-147 C.

11.15.: tropine 3,3',4,4'-tetramethoxybenzilate 4.15:
4.15 is prepared analogously to the method according to 11.1;

Yield: 1.65 g (= 32 % of theory; oil) starting from 4.0 g (0.02 mol) of 3f and 3.12 g (0.02 mol) of tropine.

11.16.: scopine 3,3',4,4'-tetramethoxybenzilate 4.16:
4.16 is prepared analogously to the method according to 11.7;
Yield: 0.8 g(= 41 % of theory, oil) starting from 1.857 g (0.004 mol) of 4.13.
11.17.: tropenol 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-dimethoxybenzilate 4.17:
4.17 is prepared analogously to the method according to 11.1; the product is purified lo by recrystallising from diethylether; Yield: 2.30 g (= 35 % of theory) starting from 5.0 g (0.015 mol) of 3h and 4.21 g (0.03 mol) of tropenol; melting point: 126 C.

11.18.: scopine 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-dimethoxybenzilate 4.18:
4.18 is prepared analogously to the method according to 11.7;
Yield: 0.6 g (= 44 % of theory, oil) starting from 1.3 g (0.003 mol) of lq.
11.19.: tropenol 3,3',5,5'-tetrafluorobenzilate 4.19:
1,53 g (0.0636 mol) of NaH are placed in 30 ml of toluene, a solution of 14 g (0.0446 mol) of 3j and 8.85 g (0.0636 mol) of tropenol in 80 ml of toluene is added dropwise 2o at 10 C /860 mbar. The alcohol produced during the reaction is distilled off while at the same time toluene is added dropwise. After 3 h the mixture is cooled and extracted, with dichloromethane and water. The combined organic phases were dried over MgSO4 and evaporated to dryness. The residue was stirred with petroleum ether/ethyl acetate 95:5.
Yield: 11.21 g of light beige crystals (= 60% of theory); melting point.: 168 -170 C.
11.20.: scopine 2,2',4,4'-tetrafluorobenzilate 4.20:
The preparation of 4.20 is carried out analogously to the process according to 11.7;
Yield: 1.05 g of white crystals (= 89 % of theory) starting from 1.15 g (0.0027 mol) of 3o 4.6.

11.21.: scopine 3,3',5,5'-tetrafluorobenzilate 4.21:
The preparation of 4.21 is carried out analogously to the process according to 11.7;
Yield: 1.13 g of white crystals (= 55 % of theory) starting from 2.0 g (0.0047 mol) of 4.19. melting point.: 199-200 C.

11.22.: tropenol 3,3'-dichlorobenzilate 4.22:
22.9 g (0.074 mol) of methyl 3,3'-dichlorobenzilate 3k, 15.37 g (0.11 mol) of tropenol and 0.17 g of sodium are heated for 4 h as a melt over a bath of boiling water at 75 mbar with occasional shaking. After cooling the sodium residues are dissolved with acetonitrile, the solution is evaporated to dryness and the residue is extracted with dichloromethane/water. The organic phase is washed with water, dried over MgSO4 and evaporated to dryness.
The product is recrystallised from acetonitrile in the form of its hydrochloride. Yield:
16.83 g of white crystals (= 50 % of theory);
melting point.: 184-185 C.

11.23.: tropenol 4,4'-di(trifluoromethyl)benzilate 4.23:
lo Starting from 10.0 g (0.0264 mol) of 31 the reaction is carried out analogously to step 11.1. Yield: 4.70 g of beige crystals (= 37 % of theory);
melting point.: 155 C.

11.24.: tropenol 3,3'-di(trifluoromethyl)benzilate 4.24:
Starting from 6.01 g (0.0159 mol) of 3m the reaction is carried out analogously to step 11.1. Yield: 3.03 g of white crystals (= 39 % of theory);
melting point.: 124-125 C.

11.25.: scopine 4,4'-di(trifluoromethyl)benzilate 4.25:
2o The preparation of 4.25 is carried out analogously to the process according to 11.7;
Yield: 0.95 g of clear oil (= 46 % of theory) starting from 2.0 g (0.0041 mol) of 4.23.
11.26.: scopine 3,3'-di(trifluoromethyl)benzilate 4.26:
The preparation of 4.26 is carried out analogously to the process according to 11.7;
Yield: 1.02 g of white crystals (= 51 % of theory) starting from 1.94 g (0.0039 mol) of 4.24.

11.27.: tropenol 3,3'-dichloro-4,4'-difluorobenzilate 4.27:
Starting from 6.77 g (0.0195 mol) of 3n the reaction is carried out analogously to step 11.1. The crude product obtained is recrystallised from acetonitrile.
Yield: 4.05 g of light beige crystals (= 46 % of theory);
melting point.: 177-179 C.

11.28.: scopine 3,3'-dichlorobenzilate 4.28:
The preparation of 4.28 is carried out analogously to the process according to 11.7;
Yield: 7.86 g(= 75 % of theory) starting from 10.37 g (0.024 moi) of 4.22.
melting point.: 174-175 C.

11.29.: tropenol 2,2',5,5'-tetrafluorobenzilate 4.29:

Starting from 6.29 g (0.02 mol) of 3o the reaction is carried out analogously to step 11.1. The crude product obtained is recrystallised from acetone in the form of the hydrochloride. Yield: 0.89 g of white crystals (= 10 % of theory);
melting point.: 177-179 C.
11.30.: tropenol 2,2',3,3'-tetrafluorobenzilate 4.30:
Starting from 8.0 g (0.0255 mol) of 3p the reaction is carried out analogously to step 11.1. The crude product obtained is recrystallised from acetonitrile. Yield:
0.96 g of beige crystals (= 9 % of theory);
io melting point.: 176-177 C.

11.31.: tropenol 3,3'-difluorobenzilate 4.31:
Starting from 11.13 g (0.04 mol) of 3g the reaction is carried out analogously to step 11.1. The crude product obtained is recrystallised from acetonitrile in the form of the hydrochioride. Yield: 7.98 g(= 47 % of theory); melting point.: 245-246 C.

11.32.: scopine 3,3'-difluorobenzilate 4.32:
The preparation of 4.32 is carried out analogously to the process according to 11.7;
Yield: 4.2 g (= 76 % of theory) starting from 4.89 g (0.013 mol) of 4.31.
melting point.: 216-218 C.

11.33.: scopine 3,3'-dichloro-4,4'-difluorobenzilate 4.33:
The preparation of 4.33 is carried out analogously to the process according to 11.7;
Yield: 0.78 g of white crystals (= 34 % of theory) starting from 4.6 g (0.0098 mol) of 4.27; melting point.: 216-218 C.

11.34.: tropenol 4,4'-dichloro-3,3'-difluorobenzilate 4.34:
Starting from 12.0 g (0.0345 mol) of 3r the reaction is carried out analogously to step 11.1. The crude product obtained is extracted from petroleum ether.
Yield: 6,65 g of creamy-white powder (= 42 % of theory);
melting point.: 180-181 C.

11.35.: scopine 4,4'-dichloro-3,3'-difluorobenzilate 4.35:
The preparation of 4.35 is carried out analogously to the process according to 11.7;
Yield: 2.58 g of white crystals (= 62 % of theory) starting from 4.0 g (0.0088 mol) of 4.34; melting point.: 150-151 C.

11.36.: tropenol 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobenzilate 4.36:

Starting from 14.24 g (0.0375 mol) of 3s the reaction is carried out analogously to step 11.1. The crude product obtained is recrystallised from acetonitrile.
Yield: 4.81 g of white crystals (= 26 % of theory);
melting point.: 149-150 C.
11.37.: tropenol 3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexafluorobenzilate 4.37:
Starting from 5.0 g (0.0143 mol) of 3t the reaction is carried out analogously to step 11.1. The crude product obtained is recrystallised from acetonitrile. Yield:
3.49 g of white crystals (= 53 % of theory);
1o melting point.: 164-165 C.

111. Synthesis of the compounds of general formula 1:
Example 1: tropenol 3,3',4,4'-tetrafluorobenzilate methobromide :
Me\+/Me _ N Br H

O O
HO
F F
I I
F F
2.00 g (0.0048 mol) of 4_1 , 30 mi of acetonitrile, 10 ml of dichloromethane and 2.88 g (0.0143 mol) of 46.92 % bromomethane in acetonitrile are combined at 20 C
and left to stand for 3 days. The solution is evaporated to dryness and the residue is 2o recrystallised from acetonitrile. Yield: 1.95 g(= 80 % of theory) TLC: Rf value: 0.12 (eluant as in step 11.1); melting point: 238 C.
C23H22F4NO3xBr (516.33);
Elemental analysis: calculated: C (53.50) H (4.29) N (2.71) found: C (53.52) H (4.30) N (2.65).
Example 2: scopine 3,3',4,4'-tetrafluorobenzilate -methobromide :

Me\+/Me -Br N

O H
O O
HO
F F
I I
F F
1.5 g (0.0034 mol) of 4.2, 20 ml of acetonitrile, 20 ml of dichloromethane and 2.08 g (0.01 mol) of 46.92 % bromomethane in acetonitrile are reacted analogously to Example 1.
5 Yield: 1.40 g (= 77 % of theory) TLC: Rf value: 0.16 (eluant as in step 11.1); melting point: 227 C.
C23H22F4NO4xBr (532.33);
Elemental analysis: calculated: C (51.90) H (4.17) N (2.63) found: C (51.91) H (4.16) N (2.60).
Example 3: tropenol 4,4'-dichlorobenzilate methobromide :
Me\+/Me Br -N

H
O O
HO

\ I
CI CI
2.09 g (0.005 mol) of 4_3 are reacted analogously to Example 1. The crystals formed are suction filtered, washed with dichloromethane, dried and then recrystallised from methanol/diethylether.
Yield: 1.72 g (=67 % of theory) C23H24CI2NO3xBr (513.26);
TLC: Rf value: 0.12 (eluant as in step 11.1); melting point: 195-196 C.
2o Elemental analysis: calculated: C (53.82) H (4.71) N (2.73) found: C (53.54) H (4.80) N (2.73).
Example 4: tropenol 2,2'-dichlorobenzilate methobromide :

Me\+/Me Br-N

H
O CI
HO

\ I \ I
Ci 0.86 g (0.0021 mol) of the free base of 4.4 are reacted analogously to Example 1.
The crystals formed are suction filtered, washed with acetone, dried and then recrystallised from methanol/diethylether.
Yield: 0.99 g (= 94 % of theory) TLC: Rf value: 0.14 (eluant as in step 11.1); melting point: 260-261 C.
C23H24CI2NO3xBr (513.26);
Elemental analysis: calculated: C (53.82) H (4.71) N (2.73) found: C (53.62) H (4.76) N (2.69).
Example 5: tropenol 4,4'-difluorobenzilate methobromide :
Me\ +/Me Br N

H

HO

\ I \ I
F F
1.9 g (0.005 mol) of the free base of 4_5 are reacted analogously to Example 1.
Yield: 2.1 g (= 89 % of theory) TLC: Rf value: 0.14 (eluant as in step 11.1); melting point: 219-220 C.
C23H24F2NO3xBr (480.35);
Elemental analysis: calculated: C (57.51) H (5.04) N (2.92) found: C (57.33) H (4.86) N (2.90).

Example 6: tropenol 2,2',4,4'-tetrafluorobenzilate methobromide :

Me\+ /Me _ Br N

H
O O
jF
HO
\ , \ I
F F F
1.60 g (0.004 mol) of 4_6 are reacted analogously to Example 1. The crystals formed are suction filtered and recrystallised from acetone.
Yield: 1.70 g (= 87 % of theory) TLC: Rf value: 0.13 (eluant: n-butanol/water/formic acid(conc.)/acetone/
dichloromethane 36:15:15:15:5); melting point: 241-242 C.
C23H22F4NO3xBr (516.33);
Elemental analysis: calculated: C (53.50) H (4.29) N (2.71) found: C (53.55) H (4.33) N (2.73).
Example 7: scopine 4,4'-dichlorobenzilate methobromide :
Me\f/Me -N Br O H
O O

a Aci CI 1.54 g (0.0035 mol) of the free base of 4.7 are reacted analogously to Example 1.
The crystals formed are suction filtered, washed with acetone, dried and then recrystallised from methanol/diethylether.
Yield: 1.68 g (= 90 % of theory) TLC: Rf value: 0.22 (eluant as in step 11.1); meiting point: 209-210 C.
C23H24CI2NO4xBr (529.26);
2o Elemental analysis: calculated: C (52.20) H (4.57) N (2.65) found: C (51.25) H (4.83) N (2.49).
Example 8: scopine 4,4'-difluorobenzilate methobromide :

Me\+ /Me Br -N

O H
O O
HO

\ I \ I
F F
1,50 g (0.003 mol) of the free base of 4_8 are reacted analogously to Example 1. The crystals formed are suction filtered, washed with acetone, dried and then recrystallised from methanol/diethylether.
Yield: 1.73 g (= 93 % of theory) TLC: Rf value: 0.19 (eluant as in step 11.1); melting point: 224-225 C.
C23H24F2NO4xBr (496.35);
Elemental anaiysis: calculated: C (55.66) H (4.87) N (2.82) found: C (55.20) H (4.81) N (2.82).

Example 9: tropenol 2,2',4,4'-tetrafluorobenzilate methobromide :
Me\ +/Me N Br H
O O
HO

\ I \ I
Br Br 1.50 g (0.003 mol) of the free base of 4.9 are reacted analogously to Example 1. The crystals formed are recrystallised from methanol.
Yield: 1.53 g (= 86 % of theory) TLC: Rf value: 0.14 (eluant as in step 11.1); melting point: 175-177 C.
C23H24Br2NO3xBr (602.16);
Elemental analysis: calculated: C (45.88) H (4.02) N (2.33) found: C (45.46) H (4.42) N (2.18).
Example 10: tropenol 4,4'-dimethylbenzilate methobromide :

Me+ /Me -Br N

H
O O
HO

I \ I
Me \ Me 2.60 g (0.007 mol) of the free base of 4.10 are reacted analogously to Example 1.
The crystals formed are recrystallised from ethanol.
Yield: 3.16 g (= 97 % of theory) TLC: Rf value: 0.14 (eluant as in step 11.1);
C25H30NO3xBr (472.42);
Elemental analysis: calculated: C (63.56) H (6.40) N (2.96) found: C (62.88) H (6.87) N (2.74).
lo Example 11: scopine 4,4'-dimethylbenzilate -methobromide :
Me\ +/Me -Br N

H
O O
HO

\ I \' Me Me 0.56 g (0.0014 mol) of the free base of 4.11 are reacted analogously to Example 1.
The crystals formed are recrystallised from methanol/diethylether.
Yield: 0.55 g (= 80 % of theory) TLC: Rf value: 0.19 (eluant as in step 11.1); melting point: 221-222 C;
C25H30NO4xBr (488.42);
Elemental analysis: calculated: C (61.48) H (6.19) N (2.87) found: C (60.61) H (6.31) N (2.80).
Example 12: tropine 3,3',4,4'-tetrafluorobenzilate methobromide :

Me\+/Me N Br H
O O
HO
F
I I

F F
1.80 g (0.004 mol) of the free base of 4.12 are reacted analogously to Example 1.
Yieid: 1.73 g (=78 % of theory) TLC: Rf value: 0.10 (eluant as in step 11.1); melting point: 157 C;
5 C23H24F4NO3xBr (518.34);
Elemental analysis: calculated: C (53.30) H (4.67) N (2.70) found: C (53.39) H (4.53) N (2.73).
Example 13: tropenol 3,3',4,4'-tetramethoxybenzilate -methobromide :
Me\+ /Me -N Br H

HO
Me0 OMe i , MeO OMe 1.20 g (0.003 mol) of 4.13 are reacted analogously to Example 1. The crystals formed are recrystallised from acetonitrile/diethylether.
Yield: 1.05 g (=73 % of theory) TLC: Rf value: 0.10 (eluant as in step 11.1); melting point: 212 C;
C27H34NO7xBr (564.47);
Elemental analysis: calculated: C (57.45) H (6.07) N (2.48) found: C (56.91) H (6.05) N (2.45).
2o Example 14: tropenol 4,4'-dimethoxybenzilate methobromide :

Me\ +/Me -N Br H

ra AOMe MeO 1,13 g (0.003 mol) of 4.14 are reacted analogousiy to Example 1. The crystals formed are recrystallised from acetonitrile/diethylether.
Yield: 1.21 g (= 87 % of theory) C25H30NO5xBr (504.42);
TLC: Rf value: 0.01 (eluant as in step 11.1); melting point: 180-181 C;
Elemental analysis: calculated: C (59.53) H (5.99) N (2.78) found: C (59.29) H (6.24) N (2.84).

1o Example 15: tropine 3,3',4,4'-tetramethoxybenzilate methobromide :
Me\ +/ Me -Br N

yH
O O
HO
MeO OMe ! I
Me0 OMe 1.65 g (0.004 mol) of 4.15 are reacted analogously to Example 1. The crystals formed are recrystallised from diethylether.
Yield: 1.70 g (= 86 % of theory); melting point: 148-150 C;
C27H36NO7xBr (566.49);
Elemental analysis: calculated: C (57.25) H (6.41) N (2.47) found: C (56.41) H (6.75) N (2.45).

2o Example 16: scopine 3,3',4,4'-tetramethoxybenzilate methobromide :

Me\+/Me N Br "
O H
O O
HO
\ I \ I
F F
0.80 g (0.0017 mol) of 4.16 are reacted analogously to Example 1. The crystals formed are recrystallised from acetone.
Yield: 0.35 g (= 37 % of theory); melting point: 211-212 C;
C27H34NO8xBr (580.47);
Elemental analysis: calculated: C (55.87) H (5.90) N (2.41) found: C (55.62) H (6.09) N (2.53).

Example 17: tropenol 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-dimethoxybenzilate methobromide :
Me\+./Me N Br H

O O

Me / HO / Me Me0 \ \ OMe 1.00 g (0.003 mol) of 4.17 are reacted analogously to Example 1.
Yield: 0.85 g(=70 % of theory); melting point: 217 C;
C27H34NO5xBr (532.47);
Elemental analysis: calculated: C (60.90) H (6.51) N (2.63) found: C (59.83) H (6.51) N (2.93).
Example 18: scopine 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-dimethoxybenzilate :

Me+Me -N Br O ~rH

HO
Me Me Me0 OMe 0.60 g(0.0013 mol) of 4.18 are reacted analogously to Example 1.
The product is purified by crystallisation from acetone;
Yield: 0.40 g (= 56 % of theory);
C27H34NO6xBr (548.47);
Elemental analysis: calculated: C (59.13) H (6.25) N (2.55) found: C (58.69) H (6.54) N (2.61).
Example 19: tropenol 3,3',4,4'-tetrafluorobenzilate -ethylbromide :
Me ---\N/ Me -Br H

HO
F / F
I / I
F F
2.00 g (0.0048 mol) of 4.1 is dissolved in 20 ml dichloromethane and 20 ml acetonitrile, combined with 2.59 g(0.0238 mol) of bromoethane and the reaction vessel is sealed. It is left to starid at about 20 C for 3 weeks with the exclusion of light. The solution is evaporated to dryness and the residue is recrystallised from acetonitrile.
Yield: 1.96 g of 3 (= 78 % of theory) TLC: Rf value: 0.11 (eluantas in step 11.1); melting point: 247 C.
Elemental analysis: calculated: C (54.35) H (4.56) N (2.64) found: C (53.93) H (4.59) N (2.60).
Example 20: tropenol 3,3',5,5'-tetrafluorobenzilate methobromide :

Me\+/Me -N Br k~r H

F / I OH / I F
\ \
F F
2.0 g (0.0047 mol) of 4.19 are reacted analogously to Example 1.
Yield: 2.22 g of white crystals (=92 % of theory); melting point.: 262-264 C;
C23H22F4NO3xBr (516.33);
Elemental analysis: calculated: C (53,50) H (4,29) N
(2,71) found : C (53,48) H (4,30) N (2,65).
Example 21: scopine 2,2',4,4'-tetrafluorobenzilate methobromide :
Me\+/Me N Br F F
\ I OH\ ~
F F
1,05 g (0.0024 mol) of 4.20 are reacted analogously to Example 1.
Yield: 0.54 g of white crystals (=42 % of theory); melting point.: 208-209 C;
C23H22F4NO4xBr (532.33);
Elemental analysis: calculated: C (51.90) H (4.17) N
(2.63) found : C (50.84) H (4.39) N (2.50).
Example 22: scopine 3,3',5,5'-tetrafluorobenzilate methobromide :

Me\+/Me N Br O H

F/ I OH / I F
\ \
F F
1,13 g (0.00258 mol) of 4.21 are reacted analogously to Example 1.
Yield: 1.07 g of white crystals (=78 % of theory); melting point.: 238-239 C;
C23H22F4NO4xBr (532.33);
5 Elemental analysis: calculated: C (51.90) H (4.17) N (2.63) found : C (51.85) H (4.29) N (2.70).
Example 23: tropenol 3,3'-dichlorobenzilate methobromide :
Me\+/Me N Br P~r H
O O

CI CI
OH
2.09 g (0.005 mol) of 4.22 are reacted analogously to Example 1.
Yield: 2.42 g of white crystals (=94 % of theory); melting point.: 200-201 C;
C23H24CI2NO3xBr (513.26);
Elemental analysis: calculated: C (53.82) H (4.71) N (2.73) found : C (53.73) H (4.74) N (2.78).
Example 24: tropenol 4,4'-di(trifluoromethyl)benzilate methobromide :

Me\+/Me _ N Br H
O O

1.2 g (0.00247 mol) of 4.23 are reacted analogously to Example 1.
Yield: 1.05 g of white crystals (=73 % of theory); melting point.: 140-141 C;
C25H24F6NO3xBr (580.36);
Example 25: tropenol 3,3'-di(trifluoromethyl)benzilate methobromide :
Me\+/Me N Br H

OH\
1.09 g (0.00225 mol) of 4.24 are reacted analogously to Example 1.
Yield: 0.84 g of white crystals (=65 % of theory); melting point.: 228-229 C;
C25H24F6NO3xBr (580.36);
Elemental analysis: calculated: C (51.74) H (4.17) N (2.41) found : C (51.40) H (4.24) N (2.42).

Example 26: scopine 4,4'-di(trifluoromethyl)benzilate methobromide :
Me\+/Me N Br O H
O O

0.95 g (0.0019 mol) of 4.25 are reacted analogously to Example 1. The product is recrystallised from diethylether. Yield: 0.98 g of white crystals (=87 % of theory);
melting point.: 158-160 C; C25H24F6NO4xBr (596.36);
Elemental analysis: calculated: C (50.35) H (4.06) N (2.35) found : C (50.34) H (4.03) N (2.36).
Example 27: scopine 3,3'-di(trifluoromethyl)benzilate methobromide :

Me~+/Me -N Br O H

O O

I OH I

lo 1.0 g (0.002 mol) of 4.26 are reacted analogously to Example 1. The product is recrystallised from acetonitrile. Yield: 0.7 g of white crystals (=59 % of theory);
melting point.: 220-221 C; C25H24F6NO4xBr (596.36);
Elemental analysis: calculated: C (50.35) H (4.06) N (2.35) found : C (50.24) H (4.17) N (2.40).
Example 28: tropenol 4,4'-difluorobenzilate -ethyl bromide :
Me N Br H
O O
OH \ ~
F F
1,54 g (0.004 mol) of 4.5 are reacted analogously to Example 19. The product is recrystallised from ethanol. Yield: 1.72 g of white crystals (=87 % of theory);
melting point.: 228-229 C; C24H26F2NO3xBr (494.37);
Elemental anaiysis: calculated: C (58.31) H (5.30) N (2.83) found : C (58.25) H (5.29) N (2.83).

Example 29: tropenol 3,3'-dichloro-4,4'-difluorobenzilate methobromide :
Me\+/Me N Br H
O O

cl / cl F \ OH \' I F
1.5 g (0.0033 mol) of 4.27 are reacted analogously to Example 1. The product is recrystallised from acetonitrile. Yield: 1.49 g of white crystals (=82 % of theory);
melting point.: 245-246 C; C23H22CI2F2NO3xBr (549.24);
Elemental analysis: calculated: C (50.30) H (4.04) N (2.55) found : C (50.44) H (4.19) N (2.51).
io Example 30: scopine 3,3'-dichlorobenzilate methobromide :
Me\+/Me N Br O H
O O
ci ci OH
2,61 g (0.006 mol) of 4.28 are reacted analogously to Example 1. The product is recrystallised from ethanol. Yield: 2.13 g of white crystals (=67 % of theory);
melting point.: 221-222 C; C23H24CI2NO4xBr (529.26);
Elemental analysis: calculated: C (52,20) H (4.57) N (2.65) found : C (52,25) H (4.61) N (2.70).

Example 31: 2. tropenol 2',5,5'-tetrafluorobenzilate methobromide :
Me,\+/ Me _ N Br k~r H

I OH

F F
0,67 g (0.0016 mol) of 4.29 are reacted analogously to Example 1. The product is recrystallised from methanol/diethylether.
Yield: 0.70 g of white crystals (=86 % of theory);
melting point.: 269-270 C; C23H22F4NO3xBr (516,33);
Elemental analysis: calculated: C (53.50) H (4.29) N (2.71) found : C (53.30) H (4.52) N (2.76).
Example 32: 2. tropenol 2,3,3'-tetrafluorobenzilate methobromide :
Me\+/Me N Br H

F F
F/ F
I OH / I

0,96 g (0.002 mol) of 4.30 are reacted analogously to Example 1. The product is recrystallised from acetonitrile.
Yield: 0.61 g of white crystals (=59 % of theory);
melting point.: 268-269 C; C23H22F4NO3xBr (516.33);
Elemental analysis: calculated: C (53.50) H (4.29) N (2.71) found : C (53.56) H (4.38) N (2.75).

Example 33: scopine 4,4'-difluorobenzilate -ethyl bromide :
~+ Me _ Me N~ Br O H
O O

\ 1 OH \ I
F F
1.2 g (0.003 mol) of 4.8 are reacted analogously to Example 19. The product is 5 recrystallised from ethanol. Yield: 0.93 g of white crystals (=61 % of theory);
melting point.: 162-163 C; C24H26F2NO4xBr (510.38);
Elemental analysis: calculated: C (56.48) H (5.13) N (2.74) found : C (55.96) H (5.30) N (2.75).

lo Example 34: tropenol 3,3'-difluorobenzilate methobromide :
Me\+/Me N Br H
O O
F/ I OH F
\

1,61 g (0.004 mol) of 4.31 are reacted analogously to Example 1. The product is recrystallised from ethanol/diethylether.
15 Yield: 1.93 g of white crystals (=96 % of theory);
melting point.: 227-228 C; C23H24F2NO3xBr (480.35);
Elemental analysis: calculated: C (57.51) H (5.04) N (2.92) found : C (57.38) H (5.14) N (2.95).

Example 35: scopine 3,3'-difluorobenzilate methobromide :
Me\+,Me -N Br O H
O O

F 'OH / I F

1.61 g (0.004 mol) of 4.32 are reacted analogously to Example 1. The product is recrystallised from ethanol.
Yield: 1.83 g of white crystals (=92 % of theory);
melting point.: 221-222 C; C23H24F2NO4xBr (496.35);
Elemental analysis: calculated: C (55.66) H (4.87) N (2.82) found : C (55.49) H (4.78) N (2.73).
Example 36: scopine 3,3'-dichloro-4,4'-difiuorobenzilate methobromide :
Me\+.,Me N Br O ;~ y H
O O

CI CI
F F
I OH
0,78 g (0.002 mol) of 4.33 are reacted analogously to Example 1. The product is recrystallised from acetonitrile.
Yield: 0.67 g of white crystals (=59 % of theory);
C23H22CI2F2NO4xBr (565,24);
Elemental analysis: calculated: C (48,87) H (3,92) N (2.48) found : C (48,87) H (3,81) N (2.46).

Example 37: scopine 4,4'-dichloro-3,3'-difluorobenzilate methobromide :
Me\+/Me N Br O H
O O

F)61 OH F
CI CI
2.4 g (0.0051 mol) of 4.35 are reacted analogously to Example 1. The product is recrystallised from acetonitrile. Yield: 2.45 g of white crystals (=85 % of theory);
melting point.: 211-212 C; C23H22CI2F2NO4xBr (565.24).

Example 38: tropenol 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobenzilate methobromide :
Me\+ Me -N Br H
O O

I
C
CI )6' 1.8 g (0.00369 mol) of 4.36 are reacted analogously to Example 1. The product is recrystallised from methanol/diethylether.
Yield: 2.01 g of white crystals (=93 % of theory);
melting point.: 245-246 C; C23H22CI4NO3xBr (582.15);
Elemental analysis: calculated: C (47.45) H (3.81) N (2.41) found : C (47.27) H (3.82) N (2.36).

Example 39: tropenol 4,4'-dichloro-3,3'-difluorobenzilate methobromide :

Me\+/Me -N Br H
O O

F F
I OH ' CI CI
2.5 g (0.0055 mol) of 4.34 are reacted analogously to Example 1. The product is recrystallised from acetonitrile. Yield: 1.53 g of white crystals (=51 % of theory);
melting point.: 229-231 C; C23H22CI2F2NO3xBr (549.24).
Example 40: tropenol 3,3',4,4',5,5'-tetrafluorobenzilate methobromide :
Me'\+/Me -N Br H
O O

F F
I OH

F F
F F
1.7 g (0.0037 mol) of 4.37 are reacted analogously to Example 1. The product is io extracted from acetone. Yield: 1.9 g of white crystals (=92 % of theory);
melting point.: 241-242 C; C23H2OF6NO3xBr (552.32).
Elemental analysis: calculated: C (50.02) H (3,65) N (2.54) found : C (50.09) H (3,61) N (2.49).

As has been found, the compounds of general formula 1 are characterised by their versatility in therapeutic use. Particular mention should be made of those applications for which the compounds of formula I according to the invention are preferably used on the basis of their pharmaceutical activity as anticholinergic agents.
2o These include, for example, the treatment of asthma or COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). The compounds of general formula I may also be used to treat vagally induced sinus bradycardia and to treat heart rhythm disorders. In general, the compounds according to the invention may also be used to treat spasms, e.g. in the gastrointestinal tract, with therapeutic benefit. They may also be used in the treatment of spasms in the urinary tract and in menstrual disorders, for example.
Of the ranges of indications mentioned above, the treatment of asthma and COPD
using the compounds of formula 1 according to the invention is of particular importance.

The compounds of general formula I may be used on their own or combined with other active substances of formula 1 according to the invention.

io The compounds of general formula 1 may optionally also be combined with other pharmacologically active substances. These include, in particular, betamimetics, antiallergic agents, PAF-antagonists, leukotriene-antagonists and corticosteroids and combinations of these active substances.

Examples of betamimetics which may be used in conjunction with the compounds of formula I according to the invention include compounds selected from among bambuterol, bitolterol, carbuterol, clenbuterol, fenoterol, formoterol, hexoprenaline, ibuterol, pirbuterol, procaterol, reproterol, salmeterol, sulphonterol, terbutaline, tulobuterol, 4-hydroxy-7-[2-{[2-([3-(2-phenylethoxy)propyl]sulphonyl}ethyl]-2o amino}ethyl]-2(3H)-benzothiazolone, 1-(2-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-[4-(1-benzimidazolyl)-2-methyl-2-butylamino]ethanol, 1-[3-(4-methoxybenzyl-amino)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-2-[4-(1-benzimidazolyl)-2-methyl-2-butylamino]ethanol, 1-[2H-5-hydroxy-3-oxo-4H-1,4-benzoxazin-8-yl]-2-[3-(4-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl)-2-methyl-2-propylamino]ethanol, 1-[2H-5-hydroxy-3-oxo-4H-1,4-benzoxazin-8-yl]-2-[3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-2-propylamino]ethanol, 1-[2H-5-hydroxy-3-oxo-4H-1,4-benzoxazin-8-yl]-2-[3-(4-n-butyloxyphenyl)-2-methyl-2-propylamino]ethanol, 1-[2H-5-hydroxy-3-oxo-4H-1,4-benzoxazin-8-yl}-2-{4-[3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]-2-methyl-2-butylamino}ethanol, 5-hydroxy-8-(1-hydroxy-2-isopropylaminobutyl)-1,4-benzoxazin-3-(4H)-on, 1-(4-amino-3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylphenyl)-2-tert.-3o butylamino)ethanol and 1-(4-ethoxycarbonylamino-3-cyano-5-fiuorophenyl)-2-(terf.-butylamino)ethanol, optionally in the form of their racemates, their enantiomers, their diastereomers, as well as optionally their pharmacologically acceptable acid addition salts and hydrates. It is particularly preferable to use, as betamimetics, active substances of this kind, combined with the compounds of formula I according to the invention, selected from among fenoterol, formoterol, salmeterol, 1-[3-(4-methoxybenzyl-amino)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-2-[4-(1-benzimidazolyl)-2-methyl-2-butylamino]ethanol, 1-[2H-5-hydroxy-3-oxo-4H-1,4-benzoxazin-8-yl]-2-[3-(4-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl)-2-methyl-2-propylamino]ethanol, 1-[2H-5-hydroxy-3-oxo-4H-1,4-benzoxazin-8-yl]-2-[3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-2-propylamino]ethanol, 1-[2H-5-hydroxy-3-oxo-4H-1,4-benzoxazin-8-yl]-2-[3-(4-n-butyloxyphenyl)-2-methyl-2-propylamino]ethanol, 1-[2H-5-hydroxy-3-oxo-4H-1,4-benzoxazin-8-yl]-2-{4-[3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]-2-methyl-2-butylamino}ethanol, optionally in the form of their racemates, their enantiomers, their diastereomers, as well as optionally 5 their pharmacologically acceptable acid addition salts and hydrates. Of the betamimetics mentioned above, the compounds formoterol and salmeterol, optionally in the form of their racemates, their enantiomers, their diastereomers, as well as optionally their pharmacologically acceptable acid addition salts and hydrates, are particularly important.
1o The acid addition salts of the betamimetics selected from among the hydrochloride, hydrobromide, sulphate, phosphate, fumarate, methanesulphonate and xinafoate are preferred according to the invention. In the case of salmeterol, the salts selected from among the hydrochloride, sulphate and xinafoate are particularly preferred, especially the sulphates and xinafoates. Of outstanding importance according to the 15 invention are saimeterol x'h H2SO4 and saimeterol xinafoate. In the case of formoterol, the salts selected from among the hydrochloride, sulphate and fumarate are particularly preferred, especially the hydrochloride and fumarate. Of outstanding importance according to the invention is formoterol fumarate.

20 Within the scope of the present invention, the term corticosteroids, which may optionally be used in conjunction with the compounds of formula 1, denotes compounds selected from among flunisolide, beclomethasone, triamcinolone, budesonide, fluticasone, mometasone, ciciesonide, rofleponide, GW 215864, KSR
592, ST-126 and dexamethasone. The preferred corticosteroids within the scope of 25 the present invention are those selected from among flunisolide, beclomethasone, triamcinolone, budesonide, fluticasone, mometasone, ciciesonide and dexamethasone, while budesonide, fluticasone, mometasone and ciclesonide, especially budesonide and fluticasone, are of particular importance. The term steroids may be used on its own, within the scope of the present patent application, 30 instead of the term corticosteroids. Any reference to steroids within the scope of the present invention also includes a reference to salts or derivatives which may be formed from the steroids. Examples of possible salts or derivatives include:
sodium salts, sulphobenzoates, phosphates, isonicotinates, acetates, propionates, dihydrogen phosphates, paimitates, pivalates or furoates. The corticosteroids may 35 optionally also be in the form of their hydrates.

Within the scope of the present invention, the term dopamine agonists, which may optionally be used in conjunction with the compounds of formula 1, denotes compounds selected from among bromocriptine, cabergolin, alpha-dihydroergocryptine, lisuride, pergolide, pramipexol, roxindol, ropinirol, talipexol, tergurid and viozan. It is preferable within the scope of the present invention to use, as combination partners with the compounds of formula 1, dopamine agonists selected from among pramipexol, talipexol and viozan, pramipexol being of particular importance. Any reference to the abovementioned dopamine agonists also includes, within the scope of the present invention, a reference to any pharmacologically acceptable acid addition salts and hydrates thereof which may exist. By the physiologically acceptable acid addition salts thereof which may be formed by the abovementioned dopamine agonists are meant, for example, pharmaceutically io acceptable salts selected from among the salts of hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, methanesuiphonic acid, acetic acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid and maleic acid.

Examples of antiallergic agents which may be used according to the invention as a combination with the compounds of formula I include epinastin, cetirizin, azelastin, fexofenadin, levocabastin, loratadine, mizolastin, ketotifen, emedastin, dimetinden, clemastine, bamipin, cexchlorpheniramine, pheniramine, doxylamine, chlorphenoxamine, dimenhydrinate, diphenhydramine, promethazine, ebastin, desioratidine and meclizine. Preferred antiallergic agents which may be used within the scope of the present invention in combination with the compounds of formula I
according to the invention are selected from among epinastin, cetirizin, azelastin, fexofenadin, levocabastin, loratadine, ebastin, desioratidine and mizolastin, epinastin and desloratidine being particularly preferred. Any reference to the abovementioned antiallergic agents also includes, within the scope of the present invention, a reference to any pharmacologically acceptable acid addition salts thereof which may exist.

The following are examples of PAF antagonists which may be used in conjunction with the compounds of formula I according to the invention:
= 3o 4-(2-chlorophenyl)-9-methyl-2-[3(4-morpholinyl)-3-propanon-1-yl]-6H-thieno-[3,2-f] [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepine, 6-(2-chlorophenyl)-8,9-dihydro-1-methyl-8-[(4-morpholinyl)carbonyl]-4H,7H-cyclo-penta-[4,5]thieno-[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepine.

Suitable preparations for administering the compounds of formula 1 include tablets, capsules, suppositories, solutions, etc.
Of particular importance according to the invention (particularly when treating asthma or COPD) is the administration of the compounds according to the invention by inhalation. The proportion of pharmaceutically active compound or compounds should be in the range from 0.05 to 90 % by weight, preferably 0.1 to 50 % by weight of the total composition. Suitable tablets may be obtained, for example, by mixing the active substance(s) with known excipients, for example inert diluents such as calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or lactose, disintegrants such as corn starch or alginic acid, binders such as starch or gelatine, lubricants such as magnesium stearate or talc and/or agents for delaying release, such as carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate phthalate, or polyvinyl acetate. The tablets may also comprise several layers.

lo Coated tablets may be prepared accordingly by coating cores produced analogously to the tablets with substances normally used for tablet coatings, for example collidone or shellac, gum arabic, talc, titanium dioxide or sugar. To achieve delayed release or prevent incompatibilities the core may also consist of a number of layers.
Similarly the tablet coating may consist of a number or layers to achieve delayed release, possibly using the excipients mentioned above for the tablets.

Syrups or elixirs containing the active substances or combinations thereof according to the invention may additionally contain a sweetener such as saccharine, cyclamate, glycerol or sugar and a flavour enhancer, e.g. a flavouring such as vanillin or orange extract. They may also contain suspension adjuvants or thickeners such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, wetting agents such as, for example, condensation products of fatty alcohols with ethylene oxide, or preservatives such as p-hydroxybenzoates.

Solutions are prepared in the usual way, e.g. with the addition of isotonic agents, preservatives such as p-hydroxybenzoates, or stabilisers such as alkali metal salts of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, optionally using emuisifiers and/or dispersants, whilst if water is used as the diluent, for example, optionally organic solvents may optionally be used as solvating agents or dissolving aids, and transferred into injection vials or ampoules or infusion bottles.

Capsules containing one or more active substances or combinations of active substances may for example be prepared by mixing the active substances with inert carriers such as lactose or sorbitol and packing them into gelatine capsules.
Suitable suppositories may be made for example by mixing with carriers provided for this purpose, such as neutral fats or polyethylenegiycol or the derivatives thereof.
Excipients which may be used include, for example, water, pharmaceutically acceptable organic solvents such as paraffins (e.g. petroleum fractions), vegetable oils (e.g. groundnut or sesame oil), mono- or polyfunctional alcohols (e.g.
ethanol or glycerol), carriers such as e.g. natural mineral powders (e.g. kaolins, clays, talc, chalk), synthetic mineral powders (e.g. highly dispersed silicic acid and silicates), sugars (e.g. cane sugar, lactose and glucose), emulsifiers (e.g. lignin, spent sulphite liquors, methylcellulose, starch and polyvinylpyrrolidone) and lubricants (e.g.
magnesium stearate, talc, stearic acid and sodium lauryl sulphate).

The preparations are administered by the usual methods, preferably by inhalation in the treatment of asthma or COPD. For oral administration the tablets may, of course, contain, apart from the abovementioned carriers, additives such as sodium 1o citrate, calcium carbonate and dicalcium phosphate together with various additives such as starch, preferably potato starch, gelatine and the like. Moreover, lubricants such as magnesium stearate, sodium lauryl sulphate and talc may be used at the same time for the tabletting process. In the case of aqueous suspensions the active substances may be combined with various flavour enhancers or colourings in addition to the excipients mentioned above.

The dosage of the compounds according to the invention is naturally greatly dependent on the route of administration and the complaint to be treated. When administered by inhalation the compounds of formula 1 are characterised by high 2o efficacy even at doses in the pg range. The compounds of formula I can also be used effectively above the pg range. The dosage may then be in the gram range, for example. Particularly when administered by a method other than inhalation, the compounds according to the invention may be given in higher doses (in the range from 1 to 1000 mg, for example, although this does not imply any limitation).
The examples of formulations which follow illustrate the present invention without restricting its scope:

Examples of pharmaceutical formulations A) Tablets per tablet active substance 100 mg lactose 140 mg corn starch 240 mg polyvinylpyrrolidone 15 mg magnesium stearate 5 mg 500 mg The finely ground active substance, lactose and some of the corn starch are mixed together. The mixture is screened, then moistened with a solution of poiyvi nyl pyrrol i done in water, kneaded, wet-granulated and dried. The granules, the remaining corn starch and the magnesium stearate are screened and mixed together. The mixture is compressed to produce tablets of suitable shape and size.
B) Tablets erp tablet active substance 80 mg lactose 55 mg corn starch 190 mg microcrystalline cellulose 35 mg polyvinylpyrrolidone 15 mg sodium-carboxymethyl starch 23 mg magnesium stearate 2 mg 400 mg 2o The finely ground active substance, some of the corn starch, lactose, microcrystalline cellulose and polyvinylpyrrolidone are mixed together, the mixture is screened and worked with the remaining corn starch and water to form a granulate which is dried and screened. The sodium carboxymethyl starch and the magnesium stearate are added and mixed in and the mixture is compressed to form tablets of a suitable size.

C) Ampoule solution active substance 50 mg sodium chloride 50 mg water for inj. 5 ml The active substance is dissolved in water at its own pH or optionally at pH
5.5 to 6.5 and sodium chloride is added to make it isotonic. The solution obtained is filtered free from pyrogens and the filtrate is transferred under aseptic conditions into ampoules which are then sterilised and sealed by fusion. The ampoules contain mg, 25 mg and 50 mg of active substance.

D) Metering aerosol Active substance 0.005 Sorbitan trioleate 0.1 Monofluorotrichloromethane and 5 difluorodichloromethane 2 : 3 ad 100 The suspension is transferred into a conventional aerosol container with a metering valve. Preferably, 50 NI of suspension are delivered per spray. The active substance may also be metered in higher doses if desired (e.g. 0.02 % by weight).
E) Solutions (in mg/100ml) Active substance 333.3 mg Formoterol fumarate 333.3 mg Benzalkonium chloride 10.0 mg EDTA 50.0 mg HCI (1 n) ad pH 3.4 This solution may be prepared in the usual manner.

F) Powder for inhalation Active substance 6 pg Formoterol fumarate 6 pg Lactose monohydrate ad 25 mg The powder for inhalation is produced in the usual way by mixing the individual ingredients together.

3o G) Powder for inhalation Active substance 10 pg Lactose monohydrate ad 5 mg The powder for inhalation is produced in the usual way by mixing the individual ingredients together.

Claims

CLAIMS:

1. A compound of general formula 1 wherein A denotes a double-bonded group selected from among X- denotes an anion with a single negative charge;
R1 and R2 independently denote C1-C4-alkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted by hydroxy or halogen;
R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 independently denote hydrogen, C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-alkyloxy, hydroxy, CF3, CN, NO2 or halogen, with the proviso that at least one of the groups R3, R4 and R7 is not hydrogen, and at least one of the groups R5, R6 and R8 is not hydrogen;

or an individual optical isomer thereof, a mixture of the individual enantiomers thereof, a racemate thereof, or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof.

2. A compound, isomer, mixture of enantiomers, racemate or salt according to claim 1, wherein X- denotes an anion with a single negative charge selected from among chloride, bromide, methylsulphate, 4-toluenesulphonate and methanesulphonate;

R1 and R2, independently denote a group selected from among methyl, ethyl, n-propyl and iso-propyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted by hydroxy or fluorine;

R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8, independently denote hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, methyloxy, ethyloxy, hydroxy, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, CN, CF3 or NO2, with the proviso as defined in claim 1.

3. A compound, isomer, mixture of enantiomers, racemate or salt according to claim 1, wherein X- denotes bromide;

R1 and R2, independently denote methyl or ethyl;
R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8, independently denote hydrogen, methyl, methyloxy, fluorine, chlorine or bromine, with the proviso as defined in claim 1.

4. A compound, isomer, mixture of enantiomers, racemate or salt according to claim 1, wherein X- denotes bromide;

R1 and R2, independently denote methyl or ethyl;
R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8, independently denote hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine or bromine, with the proviso as defined in claim 1.

5. A compound, isomer, mixture of enantiomers, racemate or salt according to claim 1, wherein X- denotes bromide;

R1 and R2 each denote methyl;

R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8, independently denote hydrogen or fluorine, with the proviso as defined in claim 1.

6. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound, isomer, mixture of enantiomers, racemate or salt as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.

7. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 6 for treatment of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, vagally induced sinus bradycardia, a heart rhythm disorder, a spasm in the gastrointestinal tract, a spasm in the urinary tract or a menstrual disorder.

8. Use of a compound, isomer, mixture of enantiomers, racemate or salt as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5 in manufacture of a pharmaceutical composition for treatment of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, vagally induced sinus bradycardia, a heart rhythm disorder, a spasm in the gastrointestinal tract, a spasm in the urinary tract or a menstrual disorder.

9. Use of a compound, isomer, mixture of enantiomers, racemate or salt as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5 for treatment of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, vagally induced sinus bradycardia, a heart rhythm disorder, a spasm in the gastrointestinal tract, a spasm in the urinary tract or a menstrual disorder.

10. A compound, isomer, mixture of enantiomers, racemate or salt as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5 for treatment of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, vagally induced sinus bradycardia, a heart rhythm disorder, a spasm in the gastrointestinal tract, a spasm in the urinary tract or a menstrual disorder.

11. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 6 or 7, further comprising one or more compounds selected from betamimetics, antiallergic agents, platelet activating factor (PAF)-antagonists, leukotriene-antagonists and steroids.

12. Process for preparing a compound of general formula 1 wherein A, X- and the groups R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, in a first step, a compound of general formula 3 wherein the groups R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5 and R denotes C1-C4-alkyl, is reacted with a compound of formula 2 wherein A and R1 is as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5, to obtain a compound of formula 4 wherein A and the groups R1, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5, and wherein the resulting compound of formula 4 is subsequently quaternised by reacting with a compound R2-X, wherein R2 and X are as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5 to obtain the compound of formula 1.

13. An intermediate of general formula 4 wherein A and the groups R1, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5.