CA2405582A1 - Heating system for a stable and method of its operation - Google Patents
Heating system for a stable and method of its operation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2405582A1 CA2405582A1 CA002405582A CA2405582A CA2405582A1 CA 2405582 A1 CA2405582 A1 CA 2405582A1 CA 002405582 A CA002405582 A CA 002405582A CA 2405582 A CA2405582 A CA 2405582A CA 2405582 A1 CA2405582 A1 CA 2405582A1
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- Prior art keywords
- radiation
- heating system
- heat
- piglet
- temperature
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- Abandoned
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 64
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- UAGDSHSRQZJWSQ-HYJBFAGTSA-N Radiatin Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](C)[C@@H]2C=CC(=O)[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](OC(=O)C(C)=C)[C@@H]2[C@H](C)C(=O)O[C@@H]21 UAGDSHSRQZJWSQ-HYJBFAGTSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- UAGDSHSRQZJWSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Radiatin Natural products OC1C(C)C2C=CC(=O)C2(C)C(OC(=O)C(C)=C)C2C(C)C(=O)OC21 UAGDSHSRQZJWSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- JUFPAXGQNKVGNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydrocliviasine Natural products CN1CCC2CC(O)C3OC(O)c4cc5OCOc5cc4C3C12 JUFPAXGQNKVGNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007743 anodising Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/0047—Air-conditioning, e.g. ventilation, of animal housings
- A01K1/0076—Arrangement of heaters or heat exchangers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/02—Pigsties; Dog-kennels; Rabbit-hutches or the like
- A01K1/0218—Farrowing or weaning crates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K31/00—Housing birds
- A01K31/18—Chicken coops or houses for baby chicks; Brooders including auxiliary features, e.g. feeding, watering, demanuring, heating, ventilation
- A01K31/19—Brooders ; Foster-mothers; Hovers
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Housing For Livestock And Birds (AREA)
- Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)
- Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
- Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Central Heating Systems (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a heating device for a stall and to a method for operating the same. Said heating device is comprised of one or more radiatin g elements (1), which can be interconnected, whereby the radiating element(s) (1) is/are arranged at a preferred height above a rubber insulation pad (9), which is placed in the piglet nest area, while covering the entire surface o f the rubber insulation pad (9) and that of the piglet nest.
Description
Heating System for a Stable and Method of Its Operation The invention relates to a heating system for a stable in accordance with the preamble of claim 1 and to a method of operating the heating system, in particular for piglet birthing bays in accordance with the preamble of claim 5.
Much experience has been gained in respect of the needs of young newly bom piglets and of the mother animal. It is important that the piglets may undisturbedly take their nourishment from their mother without being smothered by the mother. At the same time, care must be taken for keeping the piglets adequately warm, for not only have they a need for more heat than their mother, but they also suffer from greater heat loss because their almost total lack of hair.
It is generally known to equip a piglet resting place of that kind with an infrared lamp which is disposed above the piglet resting place and which has a heat output of about 150 to 200 Watts for irradiating and warming the piglets disposed thereunder. As such devices do not comply with required safety regulations in raising plants, their use is not recommended, and a pigsty for raising piglets has been proposed by German patent specification DE 34 03 930 which is equipped with a bay for a sow in which the mother animal can be retained and with a piglet resting place provided with a heat source. The heat source is an electric cable buried in the floor of the piglet resting area and provided with at least one temperature sensor for monitoring the surface temperature of the piglet resting place and a thermostat switch connected to the temperature sensor for controlling the current of the heating cable.
The proposal also describes a roof plate mounted over the piglet resting place and which extends over at least that area, seen from above, in which the heating cable is buried.
Strips of foil hanging from the sides of the roof plate are to maintain the temperature in the Attorney Docket 020531 _ 1 _ area of the piglet resting place.
As an improvement over that proposal, German patent specification DE 44 43 931 discloses a further heating plate for a stable, more particularly for trapezoidally configured piglet birthing bays, which may be placed into a grid floor comprising a plurality of grid elements, the heating plates being of a substantially l_-shaped configuration with the dimensions of their arms matching the arms of the grid elements in the animal stables.
Furthermore, German utility model G 92 03 466.7 01 discloses a piglet resting place provided with a plurality of preferably straight heating pipes which are disposed at small intervals substantially over the entire length and width of a plate on the floor of a piglet resting place. The heating apparatus is structured with individual straight heating pipes connected to each other and to a feed pipe and a return pipe for the flow of a heating medium. The energy source used is warm water which is fed through the individual heating pipes in a manner similar to a warm water central heating system.
The known arrangements are structured such that they can only be disposed in the floors of animal stables. Not only is this disadvantageous because of the impossibility of sufficiently warming the animals disposed thereon from all sides, but also because of the complexity of these arrangements in terms of their manufacture and assembly.
Therefore, it is an object of the invention to develop a heating system for an animal stable, especially for piglet birthing bays, and a method of operating the heating system which complies with hygienic as well as with safety regulations and which is structured such that sufficient heat can be generated at reasonable operating costs.
In accordance with the invention the object is accomplished by the characteristics of claims 1 and 5. The sub-claims define advantageous structural possibilities which yield additional advantages.
Given that with floor heating only one third of the body surface (resting surface) of an Attorney Docket 020531 -2_ animal is in heat contact with the heating elements and that two thirds of its body surface are openly exposed to the surroundings, a heating system has been developed for an animal stable, more particularly for piglet delivery bays, which is adapted for vertical adjustment and foldable above a piglet resting place or piglet nest and which is operatively connected to a rubber insulating mat disposed on the floor of the piglet nest.
In addition to functioning as a heat source, the proposed heating system also functions as a cover for the piglet nest since it is disposed above the piglet nest.
The novel heat source, which is a surface heater, for heating the piglet nest from above corresponds to the basic physical-technical principle of a "black radiator", whereby hot water flows through the heating device for heating it and its heat emission serves as infrared radiation for warming the piglets or the entire piglet nest disposed beneath it.
The resting surface of the piglet nest is lined with a black rubber insulating plate and prevents heat losses in the direction of the slotted floor below and of the waste area.
If the piglet nest is vacated because the piglets are being suckled, the piglet nest, in particular the black rubber insulating mat, is heated by the infrared radiation so that the animals will always find a warm piglet nest.
The rubber insulating mats also provide for the advantage of, compared to known metallic support surfaces, significantly reducing the frequency of injury to the young animals.
With the proposed heating system, the required warmth of the nest may be attained by heating media at temperatures as low as 55° C and may over the entire suckling period be sectionally controlled along a heating profile by the operating method in accordance with the invention.
The heating system as such is structured as a surface radiating element provided with a preferably circular medium feed pipe and medium return pipe. The radiating side of the Attorney Docket 020531 -3-radiating element is provided with a particular surface. It is applied by anodizing the radiation surface and has a layer thickness of 12 ~mm. Preferably, the anodized surface is of black color which further increases the effectiveness of the radiating surface and which at the same time provides for a surface coating of the radiating element which resists extreme wear and tear.
An insulating layer is provided on the upper surface of the radiating element which faces the piglet nest, so that heat losses are prevented and effective radiation is ensured.
In accordance with a further embodiment of the invention it is possible, because of their construction and structure, consecutively to arrange the individual radiation elements by connecting the medium feed pipes and the medium return pipes, thereby realizing the counter current principle which is so effective that uniform heat radiation takes place by way of the sequentially arranged radiation elements as a result of the counter current principle.
The possibility of sequentially arranging or connecting the individual radiation elements yields the further advantage that such radiation elements may also be used as a heating system in any subsequent stables known as flat deck compartments. Flat deck compartments are those areas to which piglets are transferred after a predetermined raising time once they have been separated from the mother animal.
The arrangement and use of the radiation elements at a height of 70 cm and flow temperatures lead to effective temperatures in the radiation elements of about 27°C which is necessary and, indeed, sufficient for piglets of this age group.
The invention will be explained in greater detail on the basis of the following embodiment.
In the drawings:
Figure 1 depicts the functional principle of the heating system;
figure 2 depicts a structural variant of the surface radiation element;
Attorney Docket 020531 _4_ figure 3 schematically depicts the switching for practicing the method of climatization;
figure 4 schematically depicts the sequence of the start-up temperature;
figure 5 depicts the behavior of a bypass mixture valve when turned on and turned off.
The construction and arrangement of the developed heating system may be seen in the schematic drawing of figure 1. It depicts the manner in which the heating system consisting of the radiation element 1 is operatively connected to the rubber insulating plate 9 positioned on the floor of an animal stable. In figure 1 the animal stable is identified by reference numeral 11. The radiation element 1 is positioned at a preferred spacing of 50 cm above the rubber insulating plate 9 such that the heat emission side 3 of the radiation element 1 is facing the rubber insulating plate 9 directly. The heat radiation dispensed by the radiation element 1 is infrared radiation the heat rays of which are identified by reference numeral 10.
The structure of a radiation element 1 is made particularly clear by the image of figure 2. However, the structure of the radiation element is not limited to the form shown.
The structure chosen for the radiation element 1 shows the radiation element 1 to be a surface element consisting of a highly heat-conductive hot water aluminum radiation plate 23 provided at its outer margin with a lateral border 5 which extends both upwardly and downwardly and which at its upper portion is beveled inwardly at 6.
The upper radiation plate 23 of the radiation element 1 is provided with an insulating layer 2 consisting of a Styrodur° wet chamber insulating layer of 25 mm thickness. The insulating layer 2 is deposited on the surface of the radiation element 1 and is positioned and arrested by the lateral border 5 and beveling 6. Beneath the radiation surface 23 the radiation element 1 is provided with a radiation surface 3 with a black coating.
Furthermore, each radiation element 1 is provided with a heat feed pipe 7 and a heat return pipe 8 for conducting the heating medium, viz. hot water.
Rails 4 provided at the radiation surface 3 of the radiation plate 23 serve to stabilize the entire radiation element 1.
Attorney Docket 020531 _5 The radiation element 1 is made by extrusion molding and may be broadly described as a radiating profile pipe the structure and method of fabrication of which ensure cost-efficient manufacture and provide radiation elements 1 of different lengths.
The heat feed pipe 7 and heat return pipe 8 of the radiation element 1 are connected by a pivotable and flexible connections to appropriate water feed and return pipes, the flexible structure of the connections making it possible, when necessary, to fold individual radiation elements 1 upwardly thereby to provide sufficient space above the piglet nest for cleaning and maintenance.
In the transfer or flat deck area, i.e., the raising area which succeeds the piglet nest area, such radiation elements 1 may be used as heating elements as well, their structure making realization of the counter flow principle possible. This means that the radiation elements 1 themselves constitute feed and return pipes which results in a uniform temperature distribution with identical temperature conditions existing under the first radiation element 1 and under the last radiation element 1 connected in series therewith.
The interconnection between the radiation elements 1 is such that the heat feed pipes 7 are axially connected in a straight direction and that the heat return pipes 8 are connected by movable pipe connections. The movable pipe connections are disposed between individual radiation elements 1 such that they are formed in an arcuate path relative to the heat feed pipe 7 which facilitates folding and lifting of individual radiation elements 1. To avoid problems during such upward folding, the individual radiation elements 1 are arrested in the area of their heat feed pipes.
The method of controlling and regulating the heating system is characterized by setting the temperature in the piglet nest area as a function of the existing variable temperature in the stable and of the temperature of the feed pipe water. The method regime is configured such that the required nest heat may be sectionally and continuously controlled along a climate curve over the entire suckling time of the piglets to be raised. In this connection, the novel Attorney Docket 020531 _6_ heating system structured as the heating element 1 is essential in view of the fact that as a result of the configuration of the heating element 1, requisite nest temperatures are reached at heating temperatures commencing at 55° C. It is of significant advantage that with a radiation element at a temperature of 30° C resting temperatures of 25° C
are attained during the separation phase of the piglets. This is facilitated by the fact that the radiation temperature of the radiation element 1 which is arranged directly over the piglet nest, instead of being vented off, directly affects the piglet nest. This allows the temperature of the stable to be set correspondingly low which results in an energy savings of about 30%.
Tests have also shown that in piglet nests equipped with radiation elements 1, temperature differences of only .8° exist at different positions on the surface of the rubber insulating plate 9 so that there is an almost 100% uniform heat in the piglet nest.
Control over the heating of piglet nests is provided by a system of the kind shown in figure 3 which represents a regulating and control device for climatizing an animal stable and piglet nest. As may be seen from the circuit diagram of figure 3, all data are fed to a computer 22 which performs the necessary calculations and feeds required control signals to individual elements.
Figure 3 identifies the desired temperature in individual piglet nests 16 by parameter FN; it is the desired temperature which is set by an operator as the initial value to be controlled. The temperature in the animal stable is detected and transferred by the temperature sensor 12; also, the temperature in the heat feed path 7 is monitored by an appropriate measuring device 17 and fed to the computer 22. The heat return path 8 which by way of individual blocking valves connects to the heat return paths in the area of the piglet nests 16 is also connected to the hot water circulation system 13 by way of a bypass mixing valve 14. Once the water has been heated, warm water is fed to the heat feed path 7 in a controlled manner through the bypass mixing valve 14 and the pump 15; the connection to the computer 22 is provided by a control line between the bypass mixing valve 14 and the computer 22. The complete climate control arrangement includes a stable air conditioning system 19 provided with a shutter 20 and a ventilator 21 as well as an acoustic surveillance Attorney Docket 020531 device 18 so that in addition to optical signals on the monitor of the computer 22 acoustic signals can provide data relating to the operation or direct attention to certain operation conditions.
The temperature in the heat feed path 7 is determined on the basis of the set desired heat which is derived from the intended desired temperatures in the piglet nests 16. The temperature prevailing in the stable 11 is also taken into consideration by being integrated in the evaluation.
The required temperature in the heat feed path 7 which determines the temperatures in the piglet nests 16 is defined by VLR = 2.9 FN -1.9 ST wherein FN =
temperature in the piglet nest, ST = temperature in the stable and VLR = flow temperature.
The control sequence is as follows:
The computer 22 measures the flow temperature VL and displays, among different parameters, the actually measured value on its monitor. If the measured value of the flow temperature is below the required flow temperature, the computer 22 switches a relays which opens the bypass mixing valve 14. It the flow temperature increases to a value above the desired value, the relay will be deenergized and the bypass mixing valve 14 will be closed.
In parallel to its output connected to the relay, the computer 22 is provided with an output the voltage of which increases from 0% to 100% within the control range of the piglet nest temperature if the flow temperature drops below the calculated desired flow temperature.
Depending upon the setting of the basic parameter the control voltage at the output increases from 0 to 10 V or drops from 10 to 0 V in the reverse case. The minimum output value Stellm~~
may be set between 0% and 50% and the maximum value Stellmax may be set between 50%
and 100%. If the measured flow temperature VL drops below the desired temperature Vl~on the output value leaps from 0 % to the set minimum output value Stellm~~. If the flow temperature increases to values of VL~o~~, the flow temperature remains constant at the Stellm~~. Only if the temperature rises above the value FNsou + ~FN = VLR + VL hysteresis, the output voltage will Attorney Docket 020531 _g_ abruptly return to 0%.
The temperature of the nest is not measured directly; rather, it is derived from the measure flow temperature as follows:
FN" = ST + ~~ ST) 2.9 wherein FNv - Piglet nest temperature (calculated from VL) ST - Stable temperature VL - Flow temperature (measured).
The diagrams shown in figures 4 and 5 show the dependency of the flow temperature VL on the stable temperature ST at different Piglet nest temperatures FN (Fig.
4). Fig. 5 depicts the on-off-switching behavior of the bypass mixing valve 14.
Much experience has been gained in respect of the needs of young newly bom piglets and of the mother animal. It is important that the piglets may undisturbedly take their nourishment from their mother without being smothered by the mother. At the same time, care must be taken for keeping the piglets adequately warm, for not only have they a need for more heat than their mother, but they also suffer from greater heat loss because their almost total lack of hair.
It is generally known to equip a piglet resting place of that kind with an infrared lamp which is disposed above the piglet resting place and which has a heat output of about 150 to 200 Watts for irradiating and warming the piglets disposed thereunder. As such devices do not comply with required safety regulations in raising plants, their use is not recommended, and a pigsty for raising piglets has been proposed by German patent specification DE 34 03 930 which is equipped with a bay for a sow in which the mother animal can be retained and with a piglet resting place provided with a heat source. The heat source is an electric cable buried in the floor of the piglet resting area and provided with at least one temperature sensor for monitoring the surface temperature of the piglet resting place and a thermostat switch connected to the temperature sensor for controlling the current of the heating cable.
The proposal also describes a roof plate mounted over the piglet resting place and which extends over at least that area, seen from above, in which the heating cable is buried.
Strips of foil hanging from the sides of the roof plate are to maintain the temperature in the Attorney Docket 020531 _ 1 _ area of the piglet resting place.
As an improvement over that proposal, German patent specification DE 44 43 931 discloses a further heating plate for a stable, more particularly for trapezoidally configured piglet birthing bays, which may be placed into a grid floor comprising a plurality of grid elements, the heating plates being of a substantially l_-shaped configuration with the dimensions of their arms matching the arms of the grid elements in the animal stables.
Furthermore, German utility model G 92 03 466.7 01 discloses a piglet resting place provided with a plurality of preferably straight heating pipes which are disposed at small intervals substantially over the entire length and width of a plate on the floor of a piglet resting place. The heating apparatus is structured with individual straight heating pipes connected to each other and to a feed pipe and a return pipe for the flow of a heating medium. The energy source used is warm water which is fed through the individual heating pipes in a manner similar to a warm water central heating system.
The known arrangements are structured such that they can only be disposed in the floors of animal stables. Not only is this disadvantageous because of the impossibility of sufficiently warming the animals disposed thereon from all sides, but also because of the complexity of these arrangements in terms of their manufacture and assembly.
Therefore, it is an object of the invention to develop a heating system for an animal stable, especially for piglet birthing bays, and a method of operating the heating system which complies with hygienic as well as with safety regulations and which is structured such that sufficient heat can be generated at reasonable operating costs.
In accordance with the invention the object is accomplished by the characteristics of claims 1 and 5. The sub-claims define advantageous structural possibilities which yield additional advantages.
Given that with floor heating only one third of the body surface (resting surface) of an Attorney Docket 020531 -2_ animal is in heat contact with the heating elements and that two thirds of its body surface are openly exposed to the surroundings, a heating system has been developed for an animal stable, more particularly for piglet delivery bays, which is adapted for vertical adjustment and foldable above a piglet resting place or piglet nest and which is operatively connected to a rubber insulating mat disposed on the floor of the piglet nest.
In addition to functioning as a heat source, the proposed heating system also functions as a cover for the piglet nest since it is disposed above the piglet nest.
The novel heat source, which is a surface heater, for heating the piglet nest from above corresponds to the basic physical-technical principle of a "black radiator", whereby hot water flows through the heating device for heating it and its heat emission serves as infrared radiation for warming the piglets or the entire piglet nest disposed beneath it.
The resting surface of the piglet nest is lined with a black rubber insulating plate and prevents heat losses in the direction of the slotted floor below and of the waste area.
If the piglet nest is vacated because the piglets are being suckled, the piglet nest, in particular the black rubber insulating mat, is heated by the infrared radiation so that the animals will always find a warm piglet nest.
The rubber insulating mats also provide for the advantage of, compared to known metallic support surfaces, significantly reducing the frequency of injury to the young animals.
With the proposed heating system, the required warmth of the nest may be attained by heating media at temperatures as low as 55° C and may over the entire suckling period be sectionally controlled along a heating profile by the operating method in accordance with the invention.
The heating system as such is structured as a surface radiating element provided with a preferably circular medium feed pipe and medium return pipe. The radiating side of the Attorney Docket 020531 -3-radiating element is provided with a particular surface. It is applied by anodizing the radiation surface and has a layer thickness of 12 ~mm. Preferably, the anodized surface is of black color which further increases the effectiveness of the radiating surface and which at the same time provides for a surface coating of the radiating element which resists extreme wear and tear.
An insulating layer is provided on the upper surface of the radiating element which faces the piglet nest, so that heat losses are prevented and effective radiation is ensured.
In accordance with a further embodiment of the invention it is possible, because of their construction and structure, consecutively to arrange the individual radiation elements by connecting the medium feed pipes and the medium return pipes, thereby realizing the counter current principle which is so effective that uniform heat radiation takes place by way of the sequentially arranged radiation elements as a result of the counter current principle.
The possibility of sequentially arranging or connecting the individual radiation elements yields the further advantage that such radiation elements may also be used as a heating system in any subsequent stables known as flat deck compartments. Flat deck compartments are those areas to which piglets are transferred after a predetermined raising time once they have been separated from the mother animal.
The arrangement and use of the radiation elements at a height of 70 cm and flow temperatures lead to effective temperatures in the radiation elements of about 27°C which is necessary and, indeed, sufficient for piglets of this age group.
The invention will be explained in greater detail on the basis of the following embodiment.
In the drawings:
Figure 1 depicts the functional principle of the heating system;
figure 2 depicts a structural variant of the surface radiation element;
Attorney Docket 020531 _4_ figure 3 schematically depicts the switching for practicing the method of climatization;
figure 4 schematically depicts the sequence of the start-up temperature;
figure 5 depicts the behavior of a bypass mixture valve when turned on and turned off.
The construction and arrangement of the developed heating system may be seen in the schematic drawing of figure 1. It depicts the manner in which the heating system consisting of the radiation element 1 is operatively connected to the rubber insulating plate 9 positioned on the floor of an animal stable. In figure 1 the animal stable is identified by reference numeral 11. The radiation element 1 is positioned at a preferred spacing of 50 cm above the rubber insulating plate 9 such that the heat emission side 3 of the radiation element 1 is facing the rubber insulating plate 9 directly. The heat radiation dispensed by the radiation element 1 is infrared radiation the heat rays of which are identified by reference numeral 10.
The structure of a radiation element 1 is made particularly clear by the image of figure 2. However, the structure of the radiation element is not limited to the form shown.
The structure chosen for the radiation element 1 shows the radiation element 1 to be a surface element consisting of a highly heat-conductive hot water aluminum radiation plate 23 provided at its outer margin with a lateral border 5 which extends both upwardly and downwardly and which at its upper portion is beveled inwardly at 6.
The upper radiation plate 23 of the radiation element 1 is provided with an insulating layer 2 consisting of a Styrodur° wet chamber insulating layer of 25 mm thickness. The insulating layer 2 is deposited on the surface of the radiation element 1 and is positioned and arrested by the lateral border 5 and beveling 6. Beneath the radiation surface 23 the radiation element 1 is provided with a radiation surface 3 with a black coating.
Furthermore, each radiation element 1 is provided with a heat feed pipe 7 and a heat return pipe 8 for conducting the heating medium, viz. hot water.
Rails 4 provided at the radiation surface 3 of the radiation plate 23 serve to stabilize the entire radiation element 1.
Attorney Docket 020531 _5 The radiation element 1 is made by extrusion molding and may be broadly described as a radiating profile pipe the structure and method of fabrication of which ensure cost-efficient manufacture and provide radiation elements 1 of different lengths.
The heat feed pipe 7 and heat return pipe 8 of the radiation element 1 are connected by a pivotable and flexible connections to appropriate water feed and return pipes, the flexible structure of the connections making it possible, when necessary, to fold individual radiation elements 1 upwardly thereby to provide sufficient space above the piglet nest for cleaning and maintenance.
In the transfer or flat deck area, i.e., the raising area which succeeds the piglet nest area, such radiation elements 1 may be used as heating elements as well, their structure making realization of the counter flow principle possible. This means that the radiation elements 1 themselves constitute feed and return pipes which results in a uniform temperature distribution with identical temperature conditions existing under the first radiation element 1 and under the last radiation element 1 connected in series therewith.
The interconnection between the radiation elements 1 is such that the heat feed pipes 7 are axially connected in a straight direction and that the heat return pipes 8 are connected by movable pipe connections. The movable pipe connections are disposed between individual radiation elements 1 such that they are formed in an arcuate path relative to the heat feed pipe 7 which facilitates folding and lifting of individual radiation elements 1. To avoid problems during such upward folding, the individual radiation elements 1 are arrested in the area of their heat feed pipes.
The method of controlling and regulating the heating system is characterized by setting the temperature in the piglet nest area as a function of the existing variable temperature in the stable and of the temperature of the feed pipe water. The method regime is configured such that the required nest heat may be sectionally and continuously controlled along a climate curve over the entire suckling time of the piglets to be raised. In this connection, the novel Attorney Docket 020531 _6_ heating system structured as the heating element 1 is essential in view of the fact that as a result of the configuration of the heating element 1, requisite nest temperatures are reached at heating temperatures commencing at 55° C. It is of significant advantage that with a radiation element at a temperature of 30° C resting temperatures of 25° C
are attained during the separation phase of the piglets. This is facilitated by the fact that the radiation temperature of the radiation element 1 which is arranged directly over the piglet nest, instead of being vented off, directly affects the piglet nest. This allows the temperature of the stable to be set correspondingly low which results in an energy savings of about 30%.
Tests have also shown that in piglet nests equipped with radiation elements 1, temperature differences of only .8° exist at different positions on the surface of the rubber insulating plate 9 so that there is an almost 100% uniform heat in the piglet nest.
Control over the heating of piglet nests is provided by a system of the kind shown in figure 3 which represents a regulating and control device for climatizing an animal stable and piglet nest. As may be seen from the circuit diagram of figure 3, all data are fed to a computer 22 which performs the necessary calculations and feeds required control signals to individual elements.
Figure 3 identifies the desired temperature in individual piglet nests 16 by parameter FN; it is the desired temperature which is set by an operator as the initial value to be controlled. The temperature in the animal stable is detected and transferred by the temperature sensor 12; also, the temperature in the heat feed path 7 is monitored by an appropriate measuring device 17 and fed to the computer 22. The heat return path 8 which by way of individual blocking valves connects to the heat return paths in the area of the piglet nests 16 is also connected to the hot water circulation system 13 by way of a bypass mixing valve 14. Once the water has been heated, warm water is fed to the heat feed path 7 in a controlled manner through the bypass mixing valve 14 and the pump 15; the connection to the computer 22 is provided by a control line between the bypass mixing valve 14 and the computer 22. The complete climate control arrangement includes a stable air conditioning system 19 provided with a shutter 20 and a ventilator 21 as well as an acoustic surveillance Attorney Docket 020531 device 18 so that in addition to optical signals on the monitor of the computer 22 acoustic signals can provide data relating to the operation or direct attention to certain operation conditions.
The temperature in the heat feed path 7 is determined on the basis of the set desired heat which is derived from the intended desired temperatures in the piglet nests 16. The temperature prevailing in the stable 11 is also taken into consideration by being integrated in the evaluation.
The required temperature in the heat feed path 7 which determines the temperatures in the piglet nests 16 is defined by VLR = 2.9 FN -1.9 ST wherein FN =
temperature in the piglet nest, ST = temperature in the stable and VLR = flow temperature.
The control sequence is as follows:
The computer 22 measures the flow temperature VL and displays, among different parameters, the actually measured value on its monitor. If the measured value of the flow temperature is below the required flow temperature, the computer 22 switches a relays which opens the bypass mixing valve 14. It the flow temperature increases to a value above the desired value, the relay will be deenergized and the bypass mixing valve 14 will be closed.
In parallel to its output connected to the relay, the computer 22 is provided with an output the voltage of which increases from 0% to 100% within the control range of the piglet nest temperature if the flow temperature drops below the calculated desired flow temperature.
Depending upon the setting of the basic parameter the control voltage at the output increases from 0 to 10 V or drops from 10 to 0 V in the reverse case. The minimum output value Stellm~~
may be set between 0% and 50% and the maximum value Stellmax may be set between 50%
and 100%. If the measured flow temperature VL drops below the desired temperature Vl~on the output value leaps from 0 % to the set minimum output value Stellm~~. If the flow temperature increases to values of VL~o~~, the flow temperature remains constant at the Stellm~~. Only if the temperature rises above the value FNsou + ~FN = VLR + VL hysteresis, the output voltage will Attorney Docket 020531 _g_ abruptly return to 0%.
The temperature of the nest is not measured directly; rather, it is derived from the measure flow temperature as follows:
FN" = ST + ~~ ST) 2.9 wherein FNv - Piglet nest temperature (calculated from VL) ST - Stable temperature VL - Flow temperature (measured).
The diagrams shown in figures 4 and 5 show the dependency of the flow temperature VL on the stable temperature ST at different Piglet nest temperatures FN (Fig.
4). Fig. 5 depicts the on-off-switching behavior of the bypass mixing valve 14.
Claims (8)
1. Heating system for an animal stable, especially piglet birthing bays, which in the area of piglet nests and above the resting place of the piglet nests is mounted for vertical movement within the animal stable, the piglet nest area being provided with a resting mat and water is used as the heating medium, characterized by the fact that heating system consists of one or more radiation elements (1) which may be connected to each other, that the radiation element (1) is provided as a surface element structured as a radiation plate (23) with a radiation side (3) upon which there is provided a heat feeding (7) and a heat exit (8), that the reverse of the radiation side (3) is provided with an insulating layer (2) and that the radiation element(s) (1) is foldably arranged at a predetermined level above the piglet nest.
2. Heating System according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the radiation elements (1) are structured with lateral restrictions (5) extending beyond the radiation plate (23) in an upward and downward direction, the radiation side (3) of the radiation plate (23) being provided with a black anodized surface coating of a layer thickness of about 12 µmm.
3. Heating system according to one of claims 1 to 2, characterized by the fact that the upwardly and downwardly directed lateral restrictions (5) are structured with inwardly directed unwinding devices (6) and that ribs (4) are provided on the radiation surfaces (3).
4. Heating system according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by the fact that individual radiation elements (1) are connected to each other as a surface-covering heating system (8) by way of the heat inputs (7) and heat outputs (8), one of the connections being rotationally movable and foldable as a pipe connection and that the second connection is a flexible hose connection.
5. Heating system according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by the fact that the heating system operates on the counter flow principle, that the heat emission of the radiation elements (1) acts as infrared radiation and that a uniform distribution of heat is achieved over the adjacent radiation elements (1).
6. Heating system according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the flow temperature VL R in the feed pipe (7) is derived from the required piglet nest end temperature FN with consideration of the stable temperature ST, and that the equation Vl R = 2.9 FN -1.9 ST is applicable.
7. Heating system according to claim 6, characterized by the fact that with consideration to temperature deviations the piglet nest temperature FN is derived from the measured flow temperature of the heating medium on the basis of the equation
8. Circuit arrangement for executing the method of claims 6 and 7, characterized by the fact that the heat feed path (7) and the heat output path (8) are connected by a bypass mixing valve (14) to a warm water circuit (13) and are connected to the heat systems of individual piglet nests (16), the bypass mixing valve (14) being actuated over a control line by the computer (22), the flow temperature of the heating medium being measured by a measuring element (17) and the stable temperature being recorded by a temperature sensor (12) and fed to the computer (22), the computer (22) being also connected by control lines with an animal stable climate control (19) and an acoustic monitoring device (18).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/DE2000/000355 WO2001056371A1 (en) | 2000-02-04 | 2000-02-04 | Heating device for a stall and method for operating the same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2405582A1 true CA2405582A1 (en) | 2002-10-16 |
Family
ID=5647411
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002405582A Abandoned CA2405582A1 (en) | 2000-02-04 | 2000-02-04 | Heating system for a stable and method of its operation |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1272027B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE250334T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2405582A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE50003868D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK1272027T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2206199T3 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2001056371A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE202008018466U1 (en) | 2008-10-28 | 2014-10-15 | Eberhard Blaffert | Apparatus for heating living areas for animals as an intensive radiation element |
| DE102008053498A1 (en) | 2008-10-28 | 2010-05-06 | Eberhard Blaffert | Laminar heating device for use as intensive radiation device for breeding young pig in farrowing pen, has intensive radiation unit, where incidence angle of primary radiations and reflection angle of reflected radiations meet at unit |
| CN106688911A (en) * | 2017-03-01 | 2017-05-24 | 苏州保畜康农业科技有限公司 | Digital water-heating insulation system for piglets in delivery room |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3403930A1 (en) * | 1984-02-04 | 1985-08-14 | Ewald 4425 Billerbeck Leopold | Pig sty for piglet rearing |
| DE9203446U1 (en) * | 1991-06-10 | 1992-05-07 | Arkos S.r.l., Venegazzu' di Volpago del Montello, Treviso | Foot safety device, especially for trekking shoes |
| DE4443931C1 (en) * | 1994-12-09 | 1995-08-10 | Durotec Stallbauelemente Gmbh | L-shaped warming plate esp. for floor of farrowing sty |
| DE29512064U1 (en) * | 1995-07-26 | 1995-10-05 | Grau, Joachim, 96110 Scheßlitz | Automatic control system for piglet nest heaters |
| DE19926859C2 (en) * | 1998-08-06 | 2001-03-01 | Eberhard Blaffert | Stable heater and method of operating the heater |
-
2000
- 2000-02-04 WO PCT/DE2000/000355 patent/WO2001056371A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-02-04 AT AT00908992T patent/ATE250334T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-02-04 DE DE50003868T patent/DE50003868D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-02-04 CA CA002405582A patent/CA2405582A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-02-04 EP EP00908992A patent/EP1272027B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-02-04 DK DK00908992T patent/DK1272027T3/en active
- 2000-02-04 ES ES00908992T patent/ES2206199T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2206199T3 (en) | 2004-05-16 |
| ATE250334T1 (en) | 2003-10-15 |
| EP1272027B1 (en) | 2003-09-24 |
| EP1272027A1 (en) | 2003-01-08 |
| DE50003868D1 (en) | 2003-10-30 |
| WO2001056371A1 (en) | 2001-08-09 |
| DK1272027T3 (en) | 2004-01-26 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |