CA2394009C - Ignition spark plug - Google Patents
Ignition spark plug Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2394009C CA2394009C CA002394009A CA2394009A CA2394009C CA 2394009 C CA2394009 C CA 2394009C CA 002394009 A CA002394009 A CA 002394009A CA 2394009 A CA2394009 A CA 2394009A CA 2394009 C CA2394009 C CA 2394009C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- center electrode
- circular plate
- spark plug
- ignition
- electrode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/46—Sparking plugs having two or more spark gaps
- H01T13/467—Sparking plugs having two or more spark gaps in parallel connection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/02—Details
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
- H01T13/32—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation characterised by features of the earthed electrode
Abstract
An ignition spark plug which comprises an insulator containing a center bore, a center electrode extending through the center bore in an insulator; a circular plate-type center electrode attached to and extending from one end of said center electrode, said circular plate-type center electrode including:
a plurality of grooves provided at the periphery of the circulate plate-type electrode defining a tooth wheel for expanding the size of the spark in an ignition chamber; and a ring electrode disposed at an end of a threaded metal shell extending from a metal housing and spaced apart from said circular plate-type center electrode, whereby the improved ignition spark plug provides an excellent starting ability of the engine, completes the combustion of the fuel in the ignition chamber, and prevents the exhaust gas from fuming out.
a plurality of grooves provided at the periphery of the circulate plate-type electrode defining a tooth wheel for expanding the size of the spark in an ignition chamber; and a ring electrode disposed at an end of a threaded metal shell extending from a metal housing and spaced apart from said circular plate-type center electrode, whereby the improved ignition spark plug provides an excellent starting ability of the engine, completes the combustion of the fuel in the ignition chamber, and prevents the exhaust gas from fuming out.
Description
IGNITION sp~Rxc pLUG
Field of The Invention The present invention relates to an improved ignition spark plug and more particularly to a spark plug for use in an internal combustion engine which includes a circular plate-type center electrode which faces an outer electrode in opposing relationship for providing a spark, whereby the combustion ignited by the spark plug of a larger size is completed faster than normal combustion ignited by a smaller diameter or area of spark.
DESCRIPTION OF REI~1TED ART
Various types of ignition spark plugs are known in the art. Generally, as shown in FIG, l, a conventional ignition spark plug includes a main body portion having a threaded cylinder engaging end 117 with an L-shaped metal pin or overhanging electrode 111 and a tapering portion 116 extending from the main body portion and a contact or center electrode 112 disposed at its inner end and spaced inwardly from the overhanging electrode 111.
However, such a conventional ignition spark plug suffers from a number of problems. F'or example, since combustion of the conventional ignition spark is ignited by a small diameter or area of spark, the combustion is not fully completed and sufficiently fast, and accordingly the conventional ignition spark plug cannot increase engine power in a flame discharging spark.
Also, since such a conventional ignition spark plug cannot expect complete combustion, the conventional ignition spark plug cannot improve the starting ability of the engine and cannot prevent exhaust gas from fuming out.
SU1~IARY OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention may provide an improved ignition spark plug which eliminates the above problems encountered with conventional ignition spark plugs.
Embodiments of the present invention is may provide an ignition spark plug which includes an outer electrode and a circular plate-type center electrode extending from the center electrode within a center bore for facing an outer electrode in an opposing relationship for providing a spark, whereby the combustion ignited by a spark of larger size is completed faster when compared with that of a conventional ignition spark plug.
Embodiments of the present invention may to provide an ignition spark plug which is simple in structure, inexpensive to manufacture, durable in use, and refined in appearance.
Further scope of applicability of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description given hereinafter. It should be understood, however, that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating preferred embodiments of the invention are given by way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description.
f Briefly described, the present invention is directed to an ignition spark plug which includes an outer electrode and a circular plate-type center electrode extending a short distance from a center electrode within a center bore, wherein the circular plate-type center electrode has at least one groove and a plurality of teeth disposed at the periphery of the circular center electrode for improving the combustion of an engine and preventing exhaust gas from fuming out.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an ignition spark plug which comprises an insulator containing a center bore, a center electrode extending through the center bore in the insulator; a circular plate-type center electrode attached to and extending from one end of said center electrode, said circular plate-type center electrode including: a plurality of grooves provided at the periphery of the circular plate-type center electrode defining a tooth wheel for expanding the size of the spark in an ignition chamber; and a ring electrode disposed at an end of a threaded metal shell extending from a metal housing and spaced apart from said circular plate-type center electrode for forming a spark gap or an arc, whereby the improved ignition spark plug provides an excellent starting ability of the engine, completes the combustion of the fuel in the ignition chamber, and prevents the exhaust gas from fuming out.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The present invention will become more fully understood from the detailed description given hereinbelow and the accompanying drawings which are given by way of illustration only, and thus are not limitative of the present invention, and wherein:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a conventional electrode of an ignition spark plug;
FIG. 2 is a partially sectioned side view of one possible embodiment of an ignition spark plug according to the present invention;
Field of The Invention The present invention relates to an improved ignition spark plug and more particularly to a spark plug for use in an internal combustion engine which includes a circular plate-type center electrode which faces an outer electrode in opposing relationship for providing a spark, whereby the combustion ignited by the spark plug of a larger size is completed faster than normal combustion ignited by a smaller diameter or area of spark.
DESCRIPTION OF REI~1TED ART
Various types of ignition spark plugs are known in the art. Generally, as shown in FIG, l, a conventional ignition spark plug includes a main body portion having a threaded cylinder engaging end 117 with an L-shaped metal pin or overhanging electrode 111 and a tapering portion 116 extending from the main body portion and a contact or center electrode 112 disposed at its inner end and spaced inwardly from the overhanging electrode 111.
However, such a conventional ignition spark plug suffers from a number of problems. F'or example, since combustion of the conventional ignition spark is ignited by a small diameter or area of spark, the combustion is not fully completed and sufficiently fast, and accordingly the conventional ignition spark plug cannot increase engine power in a flame discharging spark.
Also, since such a conventional ignition spark plug cannot expect complete combustion, the conventional ignition spark plug cannot improve the starting ability of the engine and cannot prevent exhaust gas from fuming out.
SU1~IARY OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention may provide an improved ignition spark plug which eliminates the above problems encountered with conventional ignition spark plugs.
Embodiments of the present invention is may provide an ignition spark plug which includes an outer electrode and a circular plate-type center electrode extending from the center electrode within a center bore for facing an outer electrode in an opposing relationship for providing a spark, whereby the combustion ignited by a spark of larger size is completed faster when compared with that of a conventional ignition spark plug.
Embodiments of the present invention may to provide an ignition spark plug which is simple in structure, inexpensive to manufacture, durable in use, and refined in appearance.
Further scope of applicability of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description given hereinafter. It should be understood, however, that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating preferred embodiments of the invention are given by way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description.
f Briefly described, the present invention is directed to an ignition spark plug which includes an outer electrode and a circular plate-type center electrode extending a short distance from a center electrode within a center bore, wherein the circular plate-type center electrode has at least one groove and a plurality of teeth disposed at the periphery of the circular center electrode for improving the combustion of an engine and preventing exhaust gas from fuming out.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an ignition spark plug which comprises an insulator containing a center bore, a center electrode extending through the center bore in the insulator; a circular plate-type center electrode attached to and extending from one end of said center electrode, said circular plate-type center electrode including: a plurality of grooves provided at the periphery of the circular plate-type center electrode defining a tooth wheel for expanding the size of the spark in an ignition chamber; and a ring electrode disposed at an end of a threaded metal shell extending from a metal housing and spaced apart from said circular plate-type center electrode for forming a spark gap or an arc, whereby the improved ignition spark plug provides an excellent starting ability of the engine, completes the combustion of the fuel in the ignition chamber, and prevents the exhaust gas from fuming out.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The present invention will become more fully understood from the detailed description given hereinbelow and the accompanying drawings which are given by way of illustration only, and thus are not limitative of the present invention, and wherein:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a conventional electrode of an ignition spark plug;
FIG. 2 is a partially sectioned side view of one possible embodiment of an ignition spark plug according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a circular plate-type center electrode of the ignition spark plug of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a top plan view of a circular plate-type center electrode of the ignition park plug of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a top plan view of a second embodiment of the circular plate-type center electrode of the ignition spark plug according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a sectional side view of the circular plate-type center electrode of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a top plan view of a third embodiment of the circular plate-type center electrode of the ignition spark plug according to the present invention; and FIG. 8 is a top plan view of a fourth embodiment of the circular plate-type center electrode of the ignition spark plug according to the present invention.
3a DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring now in detail to the drawings for the ' purpose of illustrating preferred embodiments of the present invention, the ignition spark plug 10 for use in an internal combustion engine as shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 includes a center electrode 14 extending through a center bore 12 in an insulator 16 mounted in a central passage 22 through a threaded metal shell 17, and a circular plate-type electrode 11 crossly attached to the center electrode 14 within the center bore 12. The threaded metal shell 17 extends from a metal housing 15 and has a ring electrode or outer electrode 21 disposed at an end portion thereof.
As shown in FIG. 2, the ring electrode 21, which extends from the threaded metal shell 17 is spaced from the circular plate-type center electrode 11 for forming a spark gap or an arc 13. Thus, the surface of the circular plate-type center electrode 11 becomes the spark-discharging portion and the surface of the ring electrode 21 becomes the spark-landing portion. The surfaces of the spark-discharging and spark-landing portions are disposed in opposing relation with respect to each other.
Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, the circular plate-type center electrode 11 has an aperture for firmly receiving one end of the center electrode 14 (see FIG. 2) within the center bore 12 and a plurality of grooves 19 which define teeth 24 disposed at the periphery of the circular plate to produce a toothed wheel. The discharging surface of the circulate plate-type center electrode 11 is surrounded by the landing surface of the ring electrode 21. Therefore, fuel on the opposite side of the ring electrode 21 is ignited substantially simultaneously with the ignition of fuel by the spark between the ring electrode 21 and the center electrode 11.
The plurality of teeth 24 define a plurality of spark-discharging ports in the form of a closed and shaped geometric figure for accelerating a spark between the center electrode 11 and ring electrode 21. When the geometric figures are in the form of teeth 24, the spark-discharging portion and the spark-landing portion are annular, so that combustion in an ignition chamber 18 is completed for improving the starting ability of an engine and preventing exhaust gas Pram fuming out.
Referring in detail to FIGS. 5 and 6, there are illustrated a second embodiment of the circular plate-type center electrode 11 which includes a plurality of openings 20 and a plurality of grooves 19 and teeth 2.4 for expanding the spark-discharging port so as to accelerate the spark in the ignition chamber 18.
As shown in FIG. 7, there is illustrated a third embodiment of the circular plate-type center electrode 11 " which includes a plurality of V-shaped grooves 1.9' and a plurality of teeth 24 for expanding the spark-discharging port so as to accelerate the spark in the ignition chamber 18. In this case, the plurality of openings 20 can be disposed ors the circular plate-type center electrode 11 " .
Referring in detail to FIG. 8, there is illustrated a fourth embodiment of the circular plate-type center electrode 11 " ' which comprises a plurality of grooves 19" having a U-shaped outer portion which terminates into a V-shaped inner portion, said slots being defined by a plurality of teeth for expanding the spark-discharging port which accelerates the spark in the ignition chamber 18. In this case, the plurality of openings 20 are disposed on the circular plate-type center electrode 11 " '.
In the illustrated structure, the insulator 16 is sealed within the metal housing 15 in a conventional manner. The center electrode 14 has an upper end portion which is adapted to receive a suitable plug wire (not shown) in any conventional manner.
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the ignition spark plug for use in an internal combustion engine according to the present invention operates as follows. As described in detail hereinafter, the ring electrode or outer electrode 21 closely faces the circular plate-type center electrode 11. The center electrode is attached to the center electrode 14 disposed within the center bore J.2 and the circular, plate-type center electrode 11 is provided with the plurality of shaped grooves, for example, U-shaped, V-shaped or combined U-shaped-V-shaped grooves. Fuel disposed on the opposite side of the ring electrode 21 can be effectively ignited simultaneously with the ignition of fuel by the spark presented between the circular plate center electrode 11 and the ring electrode 21.
Accordingly, the ignition spark plug according to the present invention provides the forming of a spark with a substantially increased surface area, whereby the commencing of combustion is more effective than combustion ignited by conventional ignition spark plugs as shown in FIG. 1. Therefore, the combustion is completed faster than when using conventional ignition spark plugs.
Also, the ignition spark plug according to the present invention provides forming the circular plate-type center electrode 11 having a plurality of grooves 19, 19' and 19" and teeth 24, which cooperate with ring electrode 21 which extends from the threaded metal shell 17 to scatter the ignited fuel within the ignition chamber 18, so that the ignition of the fuel is effected between both of the electrodes 11 and 16.
The ignition spark plug according too the present invention achieves an excellent starting ability for an engine by increasing the size of the spark due to substantial reduction of the burning or combustion time of the fuel, while requiring no increase in the electrical power employed to create the spark since the initial combustion is very smooth in operation, the timing of respective power strokes, and the actual power effected by combustion.
The 'invention being thus described, it will be obvious that the same may be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such modifications as would be obvious to one skilled in the art are intended to be included in the scope of the following claims.
FIG. 4 is a top plan view of a circular plate-type center electrode of the ignition park plug of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a top plan view of a second embodiment of the circular plate-type center electrode of the ignition spark plug according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a sectional side view of the circular plate-type center electrode of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a top plan view of a third embodiment of the circular plate-type center electrode of the ignition spark plug according to the present invention; and FIG. 8 is a top plan view of a fourth embodiment of the circular plate-type center electrode of the ignition spark plug according to the present invention.
3a DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring now in detail to the drawings for the ' purpose of illustrating preferred embodiments of the present invention, the ignition spark plug 10 for use in an internal combustion engine as shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 includes a center electrode 14 extending through a center bore 12 in an insulator 16 mounted in a central passage 22 through a threaded metal shell 17, and a circular plate-type electrode 11 crossly attached to the center electrode 14 within the center bore 12. The threaded metal shell 17 extends from a metal housing 15 and has a ring electrode or outer electrode 21 disposed at an end portion thereof.
As shown in FIG. 2, the ring electrode 21, which extends from the threaded metal shell 17 is spaced from the circular plate-type center electrode 11 for forming a spark gap or an arc 13. Thus, the surface of the circular plate-type center electrode 11 becomes the spark-discharging portion and the surface of the ring electrode 21 becomes the spark-landing portion. The surfaces of the spark-discharging and spark-landing portions are disposed in opposing relation with respect to each other.
Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, the circular plate-type center electrode 11 has an aperture for firmly receiving one end of the center electrode 14 (see FIG. 2) within the center bore 12 and a plurality of grooves 19 which define teeth 24 disposed at the periphery of the circular plate to produce a toothed wheel. The discharging surface of the circulate plate-type center electrode 11 is surrounded by the landing surface of the ring electrode 21. Therefore, fuel on the opposite side of the ring electrode 21 is ignited substantially simultaneously with the ignition of fuel by the spark between the ring electrode 21 and the center electrode 11.
The plurality of teeth 24 define a plurality of spark-discharging ports in the form of a closed and shaped geometric figure for accelerating a spark between the center electrode 11 and ring electrode 21. When the geometric figures are in the form of teeth 24, the spark-discharging portion and the spark-landing portion are annular, so that combustion in an ignition chamber 18 is completed for improving the starting ability of an engine and preventing exhaust gas Pram fuming out.
Referring in detail to FIGS. 5 and 6, there are illustrated a second embodiment of the circular plate-type center electrode 11 which includes a plurality of openings 20 and a plurality of grooves 19 and teeth 2.4 for expanding the spark-discharging port so as to accelerate the spark in the ignition chamber 18.
As shown in FIG. 7, there is illustrated a third embodiment of the circular plate-type center electrode 11 " which includes a plurality of V-shaped grooves 1.9' and a plurality of teeth 24 for expanding the spark-discharging port so as to accelerate the spark in the ignition chamber 18. In this case, the plurality of openings 20 can be disposed ors the circular plate-type center electrode 11 " .
Referring in detail to FIG. 8, there is illustrated a fourth embodiment of the circular plate-type center electrode 11 " ' which comprises a plurality of grooves 19" having a U-shaped outer portion which terminates into a V-shaped inner portion, said slots being defined by a plurality of teeth for expanding the spark-discharging port which accelerates the spark in the ignition chamber 18. In this case, the plurality of openings 20 are disposed on the circular plate-type center electrode 11 " '.
In the illustrated structure, the insulator 16 is sealed within the metal housing 15 in a conventional manner. The center electrode 14 has an upper end portion which is adapted to receive a suitable plug wire (not shown) in any conventional manner.
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the ignition spark plug for use in an internal combustion engine according to the present invention operates as follows. As described in detail hereinafter, the ring electrode or outer electrode 21 closely faces the circular plate-type center electrode 11. The center electrode is attached to the center electrode 14 disposed within the center bore J.2 and the circular, plate-type center electrode 11 is provided with the plurality of shaped grooves, for example, U-shaped, V-shaped or combined U-shaped-V-shaped grooves. Fuel disposed on the opposite side of the ring electrode 21 can be effectively ignited simultaneously with the ignition of fuel by the spark presented between the circular plate center electrode 11 and the ring electrode 21.
Accordingly, the ignition spark plug according to the present invention provides the forming of a spark with a substantially increased surface area, whereby the commencing of combustion is more effective than combustion ignited by conventional ignition spark plugs as shown in FIG. 1. Therefore, the combustion is completed faster than when using conventional ignition spark plugs.
Also, the ignition spark plug according to the present invention provides forming the circular plate-type center electrode 11 having a plurality of grooves 19, 19' and 19" and teeth 24, which cooperate with ring electrode 21 which extends from the threaded metal shell 17 to scatter the ignited fuel within the ignition chamber 18, so that the ignition of the fuel is effected between both of the electrodes 11 and 16.
The ignition spark plug according too the present invention achieves an excellent starting ability for an engine by increasing the size of the spark due to substantial reduction of the burning or combustion time of the fuel, while requiring no increase in the electrical power employed to create the spark since the initial combustion is very smooth in operation, the timing of respective power strokes, and the actual power effected by combustion.
The 'invention being thus described, it will be obvious that the same may be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such modifications as would be obvious to one skilled in the art are intended to be included in the scope of the following claims.
Claims (4)
1. An ignition spark plug which comprises an insulator containing a center bore, a center electrode extending through the center bore in the insulator;
a circular plate-type center electrode attached to and extending from one end of said center electrode, said circular plate-type center electrode including:
a plurality of grooves provided at the periphery of the circular plate-type center electrode defining a tooth wheel for expanding the size of the spark in an ignition chamber; and a ring electrode disposed at an end of a threaded metal shell extending from a metal housing and spaced apart from said circular plate-type center electrode for forming a spark gap or an arc, whereby the improved ignition spark plug provides an excellent starting ability of the engine, completes the combustion of the fuel in the ignition chamber, and prevents the exhaust gas from fuming out.
a circular plate-type center electrode attached to and extending from one end of said center electrode, said circular plate-type center electrode including:
a plurality of grooves provided at the periphery of the circular plate-type center electrode defining a tooth wheel for expanding the size of the spark in an ignition chamber; and a ring electrode disposed at an end of a threaded metal shell extending from a metal housing and spaced apart from said circular plate-type center electrode for forming a spark gap or an arc, whereby the improved ignition spark plug provides an excellent starting ability of the engine, completes the combustion of the fuel in the ignition chamber, and prevents the exhaust gas from fuming out.
2. The ignition spark plug of claim 1, wherein the circular plate-type center electrode has a plurality of openings.
3. The ignition spark plug of claim 2, wherein the periphery of the circular plate-type center electrode is provided with a plurality of grooves.
4. The ignition spark plug of claim 3, wherein the grooves have a U-shaped or V-shaped configuration or a combination thereof.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR2020010032342U KR200262294Y1 (en) | 2001-10-23 | 2001-10-23 | Ignition spark plug |
| KR2001-32342 | 2001-10-23 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2394009A1 CA2394009A1 (en) | 2003-04-23 |
| CA2394009C true CA2394009C (en) | 2006-03-14 |
Family
ID=27751843
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002394009A Expired - Fee Related CA2394009C (en) | 2001-10-23 | 2002-07-17 | Ignition spark plug |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| KR (1) | KR200262294Y1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN2561132Y (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2394009C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE20211126U1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20080001285A (en) * | 2006-06-29 | 2008-01-03 | 전병표 | Combustion enhancing apparatus of internal combustion engine |
| DE102014216582A1 (en) * | 2014-08-21 | 2016-02-25 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Spark plug with multi-mass electrode |
| AT520394B1 (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2020-04-15 | Pges Guenther Herdin Technisches Buero Gmbh | spark plug |
| KR102048823B1 (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2020-01-08 | (주)고려엔지니어링 | A Spark plug |
-
2001
- 2001-10-23 KR KR2020010032342U patent/KR200262294Y1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2002
- 2002-07-16 CN CN02241650U patent/CN2561132Y/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-07-17 CA CA002394009A patent/CA2394009C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-07-23 DE DE20211126U patent/DE20211126U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2394009A1 (en) | 2003-04-23 |
| DE20211126U1 (en) | 2002-09-26 |
| KR200262294Y1 (en) | 2002-03-18 |
| CN2561132Y (en) | 2003-07-16 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |