CA2371496A1 - Improved reverse path autogain control - Google Patents

Abstract

In a wireless microcell distribution system, a method is provided for level adjustment of signals from the microcells in which a shortened gain tone is used to minimize interference with a phone call. The gain tones for the primary and diversity receive paths from a microcell, rather than being generated simultaneously, are brought up independently. In one embodiment, each of the gain tones is limited to 120 milliseconds. Gain tone measurement is likewise done on an independent basis so that rather than both of the gain tones being on simultaneously for the entire measurement period, each of the gain tones only needs to be on for that portion of the measurement period corresponding to the measurement of the gain tone for the primary or diversity receive path. Additionally, the absolute amplitude of the gain tones is reduced to minimize the impact of the automatic gain control on the system.
Moreover, in one embodiment, rather than being injected at the primary and diversity circulators coupled to the primary and diversity receiving antennas, the shortened gain tones are injected after the first down-conversion stages so that the power level at which the gain tones are injected can be increased, thus to reduce vulnerability to noise.

Description

Attorney I~eket No. 003?.6PCT (D4418) PCT/USOO/t 3886 TITLE OF INVENTION
IMPROVED REVERSE PATH AUTOGAIN CONTROL
COMPUTER PROGRAM APPENDIX
S The specification is followed by a Computer Program Appendix appearing before the claims.
FIELD OF INVENTION
This invention relates to wireless microcell distribution systems and more particularly to a reverse path autogain control system which generates shortened reduced-amplitude gain tones.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In wireless microceIl distribution systems involving the receipt of signals from a number of microcells which are simultaneously transmitted to a summation point in a 1 S simulcast mode, there is a requirement that the reverse path signals from the microcells be level adjusted to the same level so that the area of coverage of the various microcells is not diminished when an out- of balance situation occurs. This can occur if signals from one microcell are significantly higher than those from another microcell. What happens in such a case is that a wireless handset at the fringe of the coverage area for a given microcell rnay have to approach the microcell in order that its signal will be detected.
The reason that the coverage area of a mierocell having a lower output is diminished is that the system will detect the higher level signals from out-of adjustment microcells and concomitantly reject signals from microcells which axe below this level. The net result is that in fringe areas, calls are dropped. It is therefore a requirement that in a wireless microcell signal distribution system all of the signals from the microcells on the reverse path be at the same level.
In a typical wireless microcell distribution system, each microcell has a transceiver and other circuits referred to as a cable microcell integrator.
Signals from the cable microcell integrators are summed and coupled to a head end interface converter which, among other things, processes return path signals and forwards them to a base station.
In the past, as described in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 08/998,874, filed December 24, 1997 by John Sabat, Jr., incorporated herein by reference and assigned to the assignee hereof, automatic level adjustment has been accomplished through the generation of a gain tone at the cable microcell inte~~ratcr and transmitting this gain tone back AMENDED SHEET

Attorney Docket No. 0032GPCT (DG~it8) PCT/US00/ ( 3886 to the head end interface converter, where its amplitude is measured. After measuring the amplitude for a given gain tone, the head end interface converter sends a message to the cable microcell integrator to adjust attenuators at the cable microcell integrator to bring the signals that arrive at the head end interface converter to a standard level.
It will be appreciated that each cable microcell integrator has a primary and diversity antenna, the purpose of which is to compensate for the effects of fading or phase cancellation at the microcell. In the past, gain tone generators were provided to inject gain control signals before the first down-conversion stages of each of the receivers to inject the gain tones along the primary and diversity path back to the head end interface converter. The tones injected before the first down-conversion stage proved difficult to control.
While the aforementioned system works quite well, the duration of the gain tones exceeded 800 milliseconds, which had the possibility of interfering with the telephony signals transmitted back to the head end interface converter. In certain instances the duration of the gain tones were such as to compete with the telephony signals. The longer the duration I 5 of the gain tone, the higher the probability of interference with the telephony signals.
Moreover, the higher the amplitude of the gain tones, the higher the probability of interference with the telephony signals, making it desirable to provide a system in which gain tone amplitude is reduced.
Additionally, in the above-mentioned system, each cable microcell integrator is instructed by the head end interface converter to tum on its respective gain tone generators simultaneously. After receipt of a sufficient amount of gain tone, the head end interface converter then instructs the cable microcell integrator to stop the transmission of the gain tones. The result is that all of the timing for the generation of the gain tones is accomplished at the head end interface converter as opposed to at the cable microcell integrator, thus effectively elongating the duration of the gain tones and making the overall system somewhat less efficient.
Published PCT application WO 98/10600 discloses that the distribution of wireless transmission signals over cable networks to distributed small cell antennas challenges the control of transmission power levels at the small cell antennas without the use of significant control electronics. Signal power levels are measured at both the cable network input and the antenna outputs, and amplifiers at the antennas are controlled from a distribution hub in responses to the measured power levels. The system disclosed in WO
98/10600 may be used in PCS and any wireless telephone networks which transmit signals from remote antennas having limit control resources.

2 AMENDED SHEET

r,.u>rncy Docket No. 00326PCT (D4418) Published PCT application WO 99/48309 discloses an apparatus and a method for a wireless telephony system to eliminate blind areas where signal coverage is weak or non-existent by providing remote transceivers that are physically located in the blind areas. A
central transceiver located with a base telephone station and tower mounted antenna receives wireless telephony signals being transmitted by the antenna to a wireless telephone and forwards it over either an dedicated or existing broadband distribution network, such as a cable television distribution network, to the remote transceiver which transmits the same telephony signals in the blind area to a wireless telephone operating in the blind area.
Telephony signals originating from a wireless telephone operating in the blind area are received by the remote transceiver and forwarded over either the dedicated or existing broadband distribution network to the central transceiver which inputs the telephony signals to the base telephone station.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
1 S In contradistinction to the above-described system, the subject system generates each of the gain tones for the primary and diversity paths independently, such that the gain tone for the primary path is turned on and then turned off, followed by the turning on and off of the gain tone for the diversity path. It has been found that with such a scheme the gain tones need not be on continuously for the entire measurement period.
Importantly, it has been found that the duration of the gain tones can be dramatically reduced to decrease interference and still provide: a robust system. In one embodiment, rather than being at 400 milliseconds each, the duration of each of the gain tones is reduced to 100 milliseconds each.
What this means is that the gain tones rather than being on simultaneously for a total of 800 or more milliseconds; now are on independently for only 120 rnilliseconds for each path, thus to minimize interference with the telephony signals coming from the microcell back to the head end interface converter.
Additionally, the amplitude of the gain tones is pre-set below the cumulative level for the reverse path signals from the cable microcell integrators. This is in contrast to setting the gain tone amplitudes at the maximum allowed cumulative amplitude for the carriers. For six cable microcell integrators, the cumulative permissible level is -93dBm.
The level of the gain tones in one embodiment is set IOdB down from this -93dBm level. It will be appreciated that for the subject purposes, while signals from six cable microcell integrators are described, the number of reverse path signals depends on the number of cable mic~~ocell integrators summed at a given point.

3 AMENDED SHEET

~...omey Docket No, 00326PCT (D44[$) CA 02371496 2001-11-20 As can be seen, the gain tone amplitudes can be reduced to minimize interference. Moreover, the duration of the gain tones can be reduced to minimize interference.
Additionally, each of the cable microcell integrators is provided with a timer which times the start and stop of each gain tone, with the head end interface converter providing a message to the cable microcell integrator as to when to start each of the tones and when to stop them. Thus, the timing for the gain control tones is controlled at the cable microcell integrator upon receipt of a message from the head end interface converter, making for a more efficient automatic gain control system.
Additionally, at the head end interface converter an algorithm is provided for setting the window for the measurement of the amplitude of the gain tones such that the measurement window is delayed from the expected onset of the gain tone by an amount sufficient to prevent mis-measurement.
As a result, a robust, automatic reverse path gain control system is provided to be able to level adjust the reverse path transmissions from the cable microcell integrators to prevent reduction in the coverage area of a given microcell due to imbalance of the signals at the head end interface converter.
Additionally, rather than injecting the gain control tones at the primary and diversity circulators coupled to the primary and diversity receiving antennas, the shortened gain tones are injected after the first down-conversion stage for the primary and diversity paths, thereby permitting greater control over gain tone amplitude.
In summary, in a wireless microcell distribution system, a method is provided for level adjustment of signals from the microcells in which a shortened gain tone is used to minimize interference with a phone call. Moreover, the gain tones for the primary and diversity receive paths from a microcell, rather than being generated simultaneously, are brought up independently to minimize interference with phone calls. In one embodiment, each of the gain tones is limited to 120 milliseconds each such that the total duration of a gain tone in a primary or diversity path is limited to 120 milliseconds. Gain tone measurement is likewise done on an independent basis so that rather than both of the gain tones being on simultaneously for the entire measurement period, each of the gain tones only need to be on for that portion of the measurement period corresponding to the measurement of the gain tone for the primary or diversity receive path. Additionally, the absolute amplitude of the gain tones is reduced to minimize the impact of the automatic gain control on the system.
Moreover, in one embodiment, rather than bein,, injecied at the primary and diversity

4 AMENDED SHEET

.~.~omey Docket No. 003?6PC'T (D44I8) circulators coupled to the primary and diversity receiving antennas, the shortened gain tones are injected after the first down-conversion stages so that the power level at which the gain tones are injected can be increased, thus to reduce vulnerability to noise.
According to one embodiment, a cable microcell integrator according to the present invention includes first and second receiving antennas, a first down conversion stage coupled to the first receiving antenna, and a second down conversion stage coupled to the second receiving antenna The cable microcell integrator also includes a gain tone generator, a first coupler having a .first input terminal coupled to an output terminal of the first down conversion and a second input terminal coupled to an output terminal of the gain tone generator, a second coupler having a first input terminal coupled to an output terminal of the second down conversion and a second input terminal coupled to the output terminal of the gain tone generator, and a power divider coupled to both the first and second couplers According to another embodiment, the cable microcell integrator of the present invention may further include a first attenuator coupled to an output terminal of the first coupler, a third down conversion stage coupled between the first attenuator and the power divider, a second attenuator coupled to an output terminal of the second coupler, and a fourth down conversion stage coupled between the second attenuator and the power divider.
According to another embodiment, a gain of both the first and second attenuators is set by a signal from a head end interface converter in communication with the cable microcell integrator.
According to another embodiment, the cable microcell integrator is coupled to the head end interface converter via a third coupler having an input terminal coupled to an output terminal of the power divider.
According to another embodiment, the cable microcell integrator further includes a third attenuator coupled between the power divider and the third coupler.
According to another embodiment, the cable microcell integrator further includes a temperature sensor having an output terminal coupled to the head end interface converter.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
These and other features of the subject invention will be better understood in connection with the Detailed Description in conjunction with the Drawings of which:
Figure 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of the coveragE area of multiple microcells and the reduction of the coverage area with an imbalance between the microcells;
S
AMENDED SHEET

....~mey Dockct No. 003a6PCT {D4a18) PC'f/CJS00/1388G
Figure 2 is a block diagram of a wireless microcell distribution system in which signals from a number of cable microcell integrators are summed and provided to a head end interface converter coupled to a base station;
Figure 3 is a block diagram illustrating the injection of gain tones on the signals from the primary and diversity antennas of a cable microcell integrator which are detected and measured at a head end interface converter, with the head end interface converter providing a message back to the cable microcell integrator to adjust attenuators in the primary and diversity paths such that amplitudes of the reverse path signals from the cable microcell integrators at the summation point of Figure 2 can be level adjusted and made equal;
Figure 4 is a waveform diagram showing the generation of gain tones in a prior system in which the duration of the gain tones for the primary and diversity paths total 800 milliseconds;
Figure 5 is a waveform diagram in the frequency domain for the tamers and 1 S gain tones of the system of Figure 4, indicating the positioning of the gain tones within the band set for each of the reverse path carriers, with the head end interface converter sampling gain tones of a first frequency con esponding to the primary path and a second frequency corresponding to the diversity path;
Figure 6 is a waveform diagram of the generation of the gain tones for the subject system indicating that the gain tones are generated independently and sequentially, with the gain tones being of limited duration;
Figure 7 is a waveform diagram in the frequency spectrum of the generation of the gain tones for the primary and diversity paths, indicating independent measuring of each of the tones, with the tones having an amplitude which is set at the maximum amplitude allowed for the respective tamer;
Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the combined amplitudes of the tamers from six cable microcell integrators, indicating that the gain tones in the subject invention are to be below the maximum level, in one embodiment by 1 OdB, to reduce potential interference with the associated telephony signals;
Figure 9 is a block diagram of the subject system indicating that it is the head end interface converter which provides a message to a given cable microcell integrator to turn on the gain tones for the respective primary and diversity paths, indicating that timing for the start and stopping of the gain tones is within the cable microcell integrator;
AMENDED SHEET

Attorney Docket No. 00326PC1' (D4't18) PCT/US00/t3886 Figure 10 is a waveform diagram illustrating the measurement window at the head end interface converter for detecting the shortened gain tones in which a known fixed delay is provided to assure that the cable microcell integrator gain tone has settled down to the point where an accurate amplitude measurement can be made;
Figure 11 is a block diagram illustrating the utilization of a temperature sensor at each cable microcell integrator, the output of which is transmitted to the head end interface converter on the reverse path, with the head end interface converter having a temperature compensation table so as to alter the message sent to the attenuators in a cable microceIl integrator such that these attenuators can be set taking into account the temperature sensed at the microcell; and, Figure 12 is a block diagram of the circuit utilized in a cable microcell integrator for generating the gain tones and providing them back to the head end interface converter.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Referring now to Figure 1, in a typical wireless microcell distribution system a number of microcells 10, 12 and 14 functioning as cell sites provide signals back on a reverse path to a summation unit 16 which is coupled to a head end interface converter 18 for providing the telephony signals received from a handset 20 back to a base station.
It will be appreciated that the signals from the microcells are provided, in the instant case, over a network in which the amplitude of the signals from each of the microcells along paths 22, 24 and 26 vary in amplitude due primarily to temperature differences at the microcells.
As mentioned hereinbefore, each microcell includes a cable microcell integrator. For each cable microcell integrator, solar shading or varying wind conditions can provide significantly different internal equipment temperatures at the various microcells. The result is that at the summation point signals from some of the cable microcelI
integrators are considered "hot" in that they may be as much as 10 dB above a preset maximum level. Thus, for instance, if the signals on paths 24 and 26 are 10 d8 higher than this level, signals along path 22 will in essence be swamped by these signals. The net result is that the coverage area for microcell 10 is decreased due to this imbalance as illustrated by dotted circles 30, 32 and 34. If the imbalance is allowed to exist, numerous dropped calls can be expected.
Referring now to Figure 2, a wireless microcell distribution system is depicted in which a number of cable microcell integrators 40, 42, 44 and 46 each having respective AMENDED SHEET

~rney Docket No. 00326PCT ( D4.418) primary and diversity antennas 48 and 50 provide signals back to a summation point 52 along a reverse path.
The result of receipt of signals at the primary and diversity antennas from a handset here illustrated at 53 is a carrier from each of these cable microcell integrators.
S Primary and diversity signals on this carrier are transmitted back through summation point 52 to a head end interface converter 54 and thence to a base station 56.
As illustrated in Figure 3, cable microcell integrator 40 is provided with gain tone generators 60 and 62 respectively in the primary and diversity reverse paths. The outputs of each of these gain control generators are provided to respective transceivers 64 and 66, CDMA receivers in one embodiment, and thence through adjustable attenuators 68 and 70 back to head end interface converter 54. This provides gain tones, the amplitudes of which axe measured by the head end interface converter.
As illustrated by waveform 72, each of the primary and diversity path carriers 74 and 76 carries the appropriate gain tone, here illustrated at 78 and 80. In one embodiment, these gain tones are offset from the center frequency of the primary and diversity channels by 400 KHz and have a duration of 400 milliseconds each.
Refernng now to Figure 4, the gain tones for the primary and diversity paths are shaded, with the shaded portions 82 and 84 illustrating that the total duration of the gain tones is on the order of 800 milliseconds. This is so that regardless of the time window in which these gain tones are sampled as illustrated by waveforms 86 and 88 respectively, the gain tones are on continuously for the measurement period. What will be appreciated is that in the prior system, regardless of the measurement windows at the head end interface converters, the gain tones were on for the full 800 milliseconds Referring now to Figure 5, as can be seen from waveforms 90 and 92, the amplitude of the associated gain tones in each of the primary and diversity reverse paths is illustrated at 94 and 96. For the primary reverse path, sampling is done at the time illustrated by arrow 98, whereas in the diversity path the sampling is done at the time illustrated by arrow 100. Thus, while the sampling is done in a sequential manner, as illustrated in Figure 4 the generation of the gain tones is such that both are on all the time during the combined sampling window.
Referring now to Figure 6, rather than having the gain tones on all the time, in the subject system the gain tone for the primary reverse path, here illustrated at 102, is limited to 100 milliseconds in one embodiment, whereas the gain tone for the diversity path, here illustrated at 104, is likewise 100 milliseconds. What will be apparent is that the two gain AMENDED SHEET

~,momey Docket No. 00326PCT (D4418) tones are not turned on simultaneously but rather sequentially by the subject system. As such, the tones are generated independently.
Moreover as illustrated in Figure 7 the corresponding gain tone amplitudes 106 and 108 are designed in amplitude to be less than those associated with envelopes 110 and l 12.
More specifically, and referring now to Figure 8 assuming signals from six different cable microcell integrators are coupled to a summation point, then the total amplitude as illustrated by carrier level 120 is set to be no more than -93dBm.
It has been found by utilizing the subject system that gain tone 122 can be set I O I 0 dB down from carrier level 120 and still be robustly received and measured.
The result of a decreased amplitude gain tone plus a decreased duration gain tone virtually eliminates any problem of interference of the gain tones with the telephony signals in the reverse path.
More specifically and refernng now to Figure 9, in the subject system head end interface converter 54 is provided with message generators 124 and 126 which control the gain tone generators in the cable microcell integrators for the primary and diversity paths.
In this case, cable microcell integrator 40 is provided with a decoder for decoding the messages from the head end interface converter such that a decoder 128 decodes the messages for the primary path gain tone and for the diversity path gain tone at 130. The decoded messages are provided to units 132 and 134 to activate the respective gain tones for the required amount of time, with each of these units provided with clock signals from a clock 136.
In operation, the head end interface converter sends a message to the cable microcell integrator to turn on its respective gain tones. Thereafter, units 132 and 134 activate the gain tone generators to provide for the start and stop of each gain tone at the appropriate time. In this way, the generation of the gain tones is timed at the cable microcell integrator in response to a message from the head end interface converter.
Referring to Figure 10, at the head end interface converter, the windows for the detection and measurement ofthe amplitude of the gain tones are set as illustrated by waveforms 140 and 142 respectively. It will be noted that in one embodiment the window for receiving a cable microcell integrator generated gain tone is nominally set at 120 milliseconds, with the head end interface converter measurement window being set at a nominal 88 milliseconds. The head end interface converter is provided with a programmable delay 114 which can be set so as not to miss t1e gain toile. In this way delays associated with AMENDED SHEET

.,..~rney Docket No. 0032bPCT (D4418) the distance of the cable microcell integrator to the head end interface converter can be accommodated. Delays or losses due to the distance as well as temperature variations can be compensated directly at the head end interface converter so as to make the receipt of the gain tones robust.
Referring now to Figure 11, in one embodiment, a temperature sensor 150 is provided in cable microcell integrator 40 which senses the temperature on a real time basis and provides it back over a reverse channel 151 to a temperature compensation table 152 within head end interface converter 54. Here the gain tone is illustrated as being transmitted along the reverse path 154 to the measurement unit 155 within the head end interface converter. This measurement unit measures the absolute amplitude and generates a message at 156 which is then sent back to the attenuators 158 within the cable microcell integrator.
The message sent is altered from that established by the absolute amplitude measured at 155, with the temperature compensation table utilized to fine tune that point at which attenuators 158 are set. In this manner, exceedingly fine control is exercised over the output from each cable microcelI integrator such that fine balancing can be achieved.
Referring now to Figure I2, in one embodiment the circuits within the cable microcell integrator are illustrated. Signals from the primary and diversity antennas are coupled to respective circulators 160 and 162 which are connected to appropriate band pass filters and amplifiers 164 and I66. A local oscillator 168 is coupled to a splitter 170 which provides signals to mixers 172 and 174 in the respective channels. The purpose of this mixing operation is to down convert the signals from the primary and diversity antennas. In a preferred embodiment, the outputs of these mixers are connected to couplers 176 and 178 to which are applied gain tones generated at 180 and 182. It is the mixing of the gain tones at this down convert stage as opposed to at the antennas that provides for easily generated gain tones with the approximately high amplitudes. If the gain tones are injected before down-conversion, typically at 2 GHz, then obtaining adequate gain tone amplitude is difficult due to the high frequency involved. Injection after the first down-conversion stage solves this problem.
The outputs of couplers 176 and 178 are applied respectively to saw filters and amplifiers 180 and 182 which are then coupled to attenuators 184 and 186 which have their attenuations adjusted in accordance with the messages sent from the head end interface converter. The outputs of the attenuators are then down converted by mixers 190 and 192 which are supplied with the outputs of local oscillators I94 and 196 respectively. T he down converted result is applied to a power divider 198, the output of which is then coupled to a AMENDED SHEET

...."mey Docket No. 0032GPCT (D4418) band pass filter/amplifier 200 and to a further attenuator 202, through splitter 204, an amplifier and band pass filter 206 and thence to a transformer coupler 208.
It will be appreciated that attenuators 184 and 186 for each of the paths control the attenuation and therefore the magnitude of the signals provided to the power divider.
Additional attenuation control is provided by attenuator 202.
A program listing in C for the generation of the gain tones and the control of the attenuators is presented in the attached Computer Program Appendix:
Having now described a few embodiments of the invention, including the following Computer Program Appendix, as well as some modifications and variations thereto, it should be apparent to these skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely illustrative and not limiting, having been presented by the way of example only. Numerous modifications and other embodiments are within the scope of one of ordinary skill in the art and are contemplated as falling within the scope of the invention as limited only by the appended claims thereto.

AMENDED SHEET

~..~mey Docket No. 00326PCT (D4418) Computer Program Appendix S Reverse/Upstream AGC Code unsigned int CMI_HIC GAIN_MSG_Enumerator;
unsigned int index;
unsigned int dwell;
dwell = FALSE;
/*---AG Debug( ( (MOD UPSTREAM, LOCATION O l ); */
1 S /* Fetch the appropriate gain tone co-efficient from the Gain tone */
/* temperature con ection table. */
/* The table holds 64 entries covering the temperature range of */
/* -40 oC through +86 oC. Each entry in the table covers 2 degrees. */
/* The CMI reports temperatures as (Actual Temp + 50) to avoid using */
/* negative numbers. To compute the index into the temperature */
/* table, use the following formula: */
/* Tabie index = (Reported Temp - 10) / 2 */
index = (cmi db[gain cmi num] [gain cmi sec].ustemp - 10) / 2;
/* PCSC-361: Bind index to within table limits */
if (index > GT MAX INDEX) /* calculated index too Large ? */
index = GT MAX_INDEX;
]
else if (index < GT MIN INDEX) /* calculated index too small ? */
index = GT MIN_INDEX;
cmi db ain cmi num ain cmi sec . t tem correct = GT tem correct index _ [g _ _ ] [g _ _ ] g _ P_ P_ [ ], /* update the CMI calibration factors */
/* the returned va.Iue initializes the following while-loop to zero; */
1* or, if the CMI could not be communicated to, US COUNTER MAX is returned;
*/ _ _ US Counter = 0;
/* Message Number for remainder of upstream autogain */
1w msg_out.dat.raw.dat[OJ = CMI HIC GAIN MSG;
4S while ( US Counter < US COLJNTER MAX) /* initialize upstream autogain variables */
Gain Tone_Searches = 0;
SO good meas = 0;
/* PCSC-OS6: gain tones are now sent an offset between - 4 and +4 */
gain chan = 4; /* Gain Tone to be put up at CF + 4001cHz */
SS /* measure upstream power without Gain Tone */
/* NOTE: US_without Gain Tone initializes attenuator */
/* settings to their current values. */
US without Gain Tone (gain_cmi num, gain cmi sec);

AMENDED SHEET

Atromey Docket No. 00326PCT (D4h18) if (good meas != 0) /* communicating with CMI ? */
/* measure upstream power with gain tone turned on */
US_With_Gain Tone(gain_cmi num, gain cmi sec);
if (good meas ! = 0) /* still communicating with CMI ? */
{ _ /* check if good gain tone readings were made at this frequency */
Gain Tone Searches + = Check Gain Tone{gain cmi num, gain_cmi sec);
/* only look at good measurements of enabled, primary and/or diversity, */
/* channels */
good meas &_ (cmi db[gain cmi numJ [gain cmi_sec] .tx state & 0x6);
/* if (both gain tone measurements are good)*/
if (good meas = = 0x6) /* calculate the amount to change the upstream attenuator settings and */
/* initialize the output buffer with the current attenuator values */
US Attn Settings (gain cmi num, gain cmi sec);
/* Check if either gain delta is greater than or equal to 4 dB.
*/
/* If so, it will be necessary to dwell on this CMI to bring it */ /* back within 2 dB of the setpoint.
*/
if ((pri delta >=8) ~ ~ (div delta >=8)) i dwell = TRUE;

/*
*if (primary and diversity channels' desired power deltas plus the * current values of the primary and diversity attenuators * are within 1.5 dB ofprimary and diversity attenuators' * extreme limits) * make the adjustments only in the primary and diversity attenuators, * Auto Gain Pri Div Attn Settings;
* set counter to exit loop since the combined attenuator has not been changed;
* else AMENDED SHEET

08-08-2001 ~ineyppeketNo.00326PCT(D4418) CA 02371496 2001-11-20 US0013886 rc.~T/USUO/13886 values are changes;
* include the amount the primary and diversity attenuators' * away from their nominal values into the desired gain * set the primary and diversity attenuators to their nominal values;
steps, * set the upstream combined attenuator in 2.0 dB steps, * Combined Attn Setting;
* set the upstream primary and diversity attenuators in 0.5 dB
* Pri_Div Athi-Settings;
*/
/*
* if (((primary attn value + priory delta) < (max primary attn value -1.5 dB) &&
* (primary attn value + primary delta) > (min primary attn value + I .5 dB) attn value - L5 dB) & &
attn value + 1.5 dB) * )&&
* ((diversity attn value + diversity delta) < (max diversity * (diversity attn value + diversity delta) > (min diversity * ) * ) */
pri-gain delta) if ( ( ( ((mt)cmi db[gain cmi nurn][gain cmi sec]. upstr-pri att +
< (PRI ATN MAX - 3) ) &&
((int)cmi db[gain cmi num][gain cmi sec].upstr~ri-att+
pri-gain-delta) > (PRI ATN MIN + 3) ) &&
((int)cmi db[gain cmi_num][gain cmi sec].upstr div att +
. div gain delta) < ( DIV ATN MAX - 3) ) &&
( - _ _ ((int)cmi db[gain cmi num] [gain cmi sec].upstr div att +
div_,gain delta) > (DIV ATN MTN + 3) ) - _ _ ) /* (we only need to adjust primary and diversity attenuators) */
Pri Div-Attn-Settings (gain cmi num, gain cmi sec);
US Counter= US COUNTER MAX; /* no second pass necessary */

AMENDED SHEET

Attorney Docket No. 0032uPCT (D4~t18}

} /* end if (only adjust primary and diversity attenuators) */
else /* adjust combined, primary, and diversity attenuators */
/* if (primary attenuator is below nominal) */
if (cmi db [gain-cmi num] (gain cmi sec].upstr_pri att <
PRI NOMINAL) ~ -f priJgain delta = (PRI NOMINAL
cmi db [gain _cmi num] [gain cmi_sec]. upstr_pri_att);
]
/* else if (primary attenuator is above nominal) */
else if (cmi db [gain_cmi~num] [gain cmi sec].upstr_pri att >
PRI NOMINAL) -pri_gain_delta +_ (cmi db[gain,cmi num] [gain cmi sec].upstr~ri_att - PRI NOMINAL);
} _ /* if (diversity attenuator is below nominal) */
if (cmi db (gain cmi num] [gain cmi sec].upstr div att <
DIV NOMINAL) div gain delta -_ (pIV NOMINAL -cmi_db [gain cmi num] (gain cmi sec].upstr div att);
}
/* else if (primary attenuator is above nominal) */
else if (cmi db [gain cmi num] [gain cmi sec].upstr div att >
DIV NOMINAL) div_gain delta + =
(cmi db [gain-cmi num] [gain cmi sec].upstr div att-DIV NOMINAL);
} _ _ _ cmi~db[gain cmi num_] [gain cmi sec].upstr~ri att=
PRI NOMINAL;
cmi db [gain cmi num] [gain cnui sec].upstr div att=
DIV NOMINAL;
/* debug */
Initial Comb =
cmi db [gain cmi numJ [gain cmi sec].upstr comb_att;
Initial Pri =
cmi db [gain cmi num] [gain cmi sec].upstr-pri att;
Initial Div =
cmi db [gain cmi num] [gain cmi sec].upstr div att;
Combined Attn_Setting (gain cmi num, gain cmi sec);
Pri Div Atht_Settings (gain cmi num, gain cmi sec);
AMENDED SHEET

~mey Docket No. 00326PCT' (i?4A18) PCT~US00/13886 /* debug */
Final Comb =
cmi db [gain cmi num] [gain cmi sec].upstr comb_att;
Final Pri =
S cmi db [gain cmi num] [gain cmi sec].upstr~ri att;
Final Div =
cmi_db [gain cmi num] [gain cmi secJ.upstr div att;
US Counter = US COUNTER MAX; /* don't allow second pass */
} /* end else if (adjust combined, primary, and diversity attenuators) */
/* setup CMI message to update attenuators and turn off gain tone */
CMI HIC GAIN MSG Enumerator = US ATTENS-ONLY; /* vI. 9 writes only 1 S US (rev) attens */
/* update CMI attenuators */
Write CMI Attenuators ( gain cmi num, gain cmi sec, CMI HIC GAIN MSG Enumerator);
} /** end if (good mess ! = 0) **/
else {
/* at least one of the primary or diversity measurements was bad */
/* no change to the primary and diversity attenuators */
2$ /** no change to combined attenuator **/
/* set rev agc failure flag */
US Counter = US COUNTER_MAX; /* Don't try again */
rev agc fail flag = 1;
}
} /* end while ( US Counter < US COUNTER MAX ) */
return dwell;
} /* end Upstream */
3S /**************************************************************************
void US without Gain Tone (unsigned int gain cmi-num, unsigned int gain cmi sec) - - _ _ /* ---AG_Debug (MOD US_WITHOUT GAIN TONE, LOCATION O1); */
- - -l* send CMI HIC GAIN MSG to the CMI to verify communications */
Iw msg out.dat.raw.dat[2] = 0; /* Gain Enumerator; gain tone off */
Iw_msg out.dat.raw.dat[3] = 0;
/* DF# 5 sector / cmi number */
4S 1w msg out.dat.raw.dat[6] _ (((gain cmi sec « 6) & OxCO) ~ gain cmi num);
ag status = Send CMI Data (gain cmi num, gain-cmi sec, 1, SETTLE TIME, MAX
RETRY);
/* if (message successfully sent) */
if (ag_status = = 0) {
/* retrieve US/reverse attenuator settings from the CMI *!
cmi_db [gain cmi num] [gain cmi sec].upstr~ri att =
cmi- - -msg in.dat.raw.dat[S];
cmi db [gain cmi num] [gain cmi sec].upstr div_att = cmi_msg in.dat.raw.dat[6];
SS cmi db [gain cmi num] [gain cmi sec].upstr comb att =

AMENDED SHEET

08-0~3-2001 CA 02371496 2001-11-20 "~rney Docket No. 00326PCT (D4d18) cmi msg in.dat.raw.dat[7];
cmi'db [gain cmi num) [gain cmi sec].msg-fail_ct = 0; /* Cmi responds -clear fail counter *~
good mess ~ = OxI; /* CMI HIC_GA1N message successfully sent to CMI */
/* measure upstream power with gain tone off */
Pri Raw Noise Floor = Measure US Power (gain cmi sec, 0x00);
/* measure upstream power with gain tone off */
Div Raw Noise Floor = Measure US Power (gain cmi sec, Ox01 );
} /* endif (ag status = = 0) else /* message not successfully sent */
( 1 S good mess = 0;
Gain_Tone_Searches = GA1N_TONE-SEARCHES MAX;
} /* end elseif (ag status) */
} /* end US without_Gain Tone */
-/*************************************************************************
/* PCSC-056: Measure US power with Primary & Diversity Gain Tones up one at a time */
void US With Gain Tone (unsigned int gain_cmi num, unsigned int gain cmi sec) { _ _ _ _ _ _ int t;
for (i=0; I<2; i++) /* two iterations: 1 st turns PRI GT on, 2nd turns DIV GT
on */
/* send CMI_HIC_GAIN_MSG to the CMI to turn a gain tone ON */
if (i= =0) /* 1 st pass: Turn PRIMARY gain tone ON */
f Iw msg out.dat.raw.dat[2] = PULSE PRIMARY;
}
else /* 2"a pass: Turn PRIMARY GT OFF & turn DIVERSITY GT ON */
f 1w msg_out.dat.raw.dat[2] = PULSE_DIVERSITY; /* Gain Enumerator;
turn gain tone on *~
}
lw_msg out.dat.raw.dat[4] = 0; /* DF# 3 is zeroed */
lw_msg out.dat.raw.dat[S] = gain chan; /* DF#4 is offset from center freq, -4 to +4 *!
lw_msg out.dat raw.dat[7] = 1; /* DF# 6 is number of pulses */
/* Iw_msg out.dat.raw.dat[8] = 255; /* DF# 7 is Gain Tone ON time = 400ms */
lw_msg out.dat.raw.dat[8] = on_time; /* DF# 7 is Gain Tone ON time =
I 20, 65, or 45ms *%
lw_msg out.dat.raw.dat[9] = 0; /* DF# 8 is Gain Tone OFF time (not used for single pulse) *%
it */
/* PCSC-288: Need to send 100ms delay so CMI Gain tone can settle before /* removes the mute. */
1w msg_out.dat.raw.dat [10] = 100; /* DF# 9 is offset delay before l S' pulse = 100ms *~
/* Send-CMi_Data ( CMI, Sector, CMI Count, Settle, Retries); */
ag status=Send CMI'Data(gain cmi num,gain cmi sec,l,SETTLE TIME,1);
/* if (message successfully sent) */

AMENDED SHEET

Attorney Docket No. 00326PCT (D4tt 1 8) if (ag status = = 0) /* measure upstream power */
if {i= =0) /* 1u pass, measure upstream power with PRIMARY gain tone ON */
Pri Raw Gain Tone = Measure US~Power (gain cmi sec, 0x00);
}
else /* 2"° pass, measure upstream power with DIVERSITY gain tone on */
Div Raw Gain Tone = Measure US Power (gairt_cmi sec, 0x01);
/* set globals indicating both GT messages got sent &
received */
cmi db [gain cmi_num] [gain cmi sec].msg fail ct = 0; /* fail count *~ - - -good mess ~ = Oxl; /* CMI HIC GAIN message successfully sent to CMI */ - -}
} /* end if ag~status = = 0 */
else /* message not successfully sent */
[
good mess = 0;
Gain_Tone Searches = GAIN TONE SEARCHES MAX;
br~k; - _ } /* end elseif (ag status) */
} /* end for ( ); */
} /* end US With Gain Tone - v1.9 version */
/*************************************************************************
int Check~Gain-Tone (unsigned int gairt_cmi'num, unsigned int gain cmi sec) [ _ /* Account for case where no gain tones were put up, so noise minus noise might be <
zero */
/* This prevents sending a negative number to conv_us-pwr( ) which works only on non-negative numbers */
'if (Pni_Raw Noise Floor > Pri_Raw Gain Tone) Pri_Raw Gain Tone = Pri Raw Noise Floor;
- - -}
if (Div Raw Noise Floor > Div Raw Gain Tone) _ _ _ Div Raw Gain fione = Div Raw Noise Floor;
_ _ /* calculate raw gain tone measurements for primary and diversity */

AMENDED SHEET

Huomey Docket No. 00326PC'f (D4418) /* Gain Tone measurement = (raw Gain Tone measurement) - (raw noise measurement) */
Pri Pwr Gain Tone = Pri Raw Gain_Tone - Pri Raw_Noise Floor;
Div Pwr Gain Tone = Div Raw Gain Tone - Div Raw Noise Floor;
- _ _ _ P~ri_Pwr from LUT = cony us~wr (Pri Pwr_Gain_Tone); /* Primary pwr from look up table Div Pwr from LUT = cony us~wr (Div Pwr Gain_Tone); /* Diversity pwr from look up table *~
/* Actual Gain Tone measurement = convert to dBm (Gain Tone measurement);
cmi db [gain cmi num] [gain cmi_sec].pri_tone =
Pri-Pwr from LUT + /* power from Look-Up Table *~
1 S hic db.upstr gain offset [gain cmi sec +
] / + detector calibration offset */ /* + gain US GAIN_OFFSET; /* + gain tones correction offset *%
/* gain tones l OdB below -93dBm */
cmi db[gain cmi num] [gain cmi sec].div tone =
Div_Pwr_from LUT + /* power from Look-Up Table *%
hic db.upstr_gain offset[gaincmi sec] + /* + detector calibration offset *%
US GAIN OFFSET; /* + gain tones correction offset *~
/* gain tones l OdB below -93dBm */
/* agc test variables */
cmi db [gain_cmi_num] [gain cmi sec].pri noise before offsets =
conv_us_pwr (Pri Raw-Noise_Floor);
cmi db [gain cmi num] [gain cmi sec].div noise before offsets=
cony us_pwr (Div Raw Noise Floor);
/* noise measurement = convert to dBm (raw noise measurement);
*/
ctni_db [gain , cmi_num] [gain cmi sec].pri noise = /* see above comments *%
cony us-pwr (Pri_Raw Noise_Floor) +
hic_db.upstr_gain_offset [gain cmi sec] +
US_GAIN OFFSET;
cmi db [gain cmi num] [gain cmi sec].div noise =
conv_us-pwr (Div_Raw_Noise_FIoor) +
hic_db.upstr_gain_offset [gain cmi sec] +
US GAIN OFFSET;
/** Check that the primary and diversity gain tones are greater than the noise by **/
I** the magnitude of the selected ingress level. v10.14 threshold is always 6.
**/
/** NOTE: The hic db.ingress level threshold has an LSB = 0.5 dB.
**~ _ /** If either gain tone is greater than the ingress threshold, increment the **/

AMENDED SHEET

~mey Docket No. 00326PCT (D4418) /** upstream continuity alarm counter.
x*/
if (hic db.ingress level threshold ! = 0) /* Check for Primary Gain Tone */
if ( ( cmi db [gain cmi num] [gain cmi sec].pri-tone -cmi db [gain cmi num] [gain cmi_sec].pri~noise) -hic db.ingress_level threshold) >= 0) good mess ~ = 0x2; /** primary gain tone was found **/
cmi db [gain cmi num] [gain cmi sec].pri rev cont cntr--; /* dec pri Rev Cont fault cntr *~ - - -if (cmi db [gain cmi num] [gain cmi sec).pri rev_cont_cntr < 0) [
cmi db [gain cmi num] [gain cmi sec].pri rev cont cntr = 0;
/* keep counter at 0 *~ - - - -]
) /* Check for Diversity Gain Tone */
if (( (cmi db[gain cmi num] [gain cmi sec].div tone -cmi db[gain cmi num] [gain cmi sec].div noise) hic db.ingress level threshold) >= 0) ( good mess ~= 0x4; /* * diversity gain tone was found * */
cmi db[gain-cmi num] [gain_cmi sec].div rev cont cntr--; /* dec div Rev Cont fault cntr *~ - - -if(cmi db[gain cmi num] [gain cmi sec).div rev cont cntr < 0) cmi db[gain cmi num] [gain cmi sec].div rev cont cntr = 0;
/* keep counter at 0 *1 - - -else /* skip upstream continuity alatrn checking */
good mess ~= 0x6; /* good mess = 0x2 & 0x4 */
/* can only have a "good mess" if the channel is enabled */
good mess &_ (cmi db[gain cmi num] [gain cmi sec).tx~state & 0x5);
- - -if (good mess = = 0x6) /* both gain tones were found */
return GAIN TONE SEARCHES MAX;
/* At least one gain tone was not found - determine which, and increment */
/* appropriate Reverse Continuity failure counters. */
if ( ((good mess & 0x2) != 0x2) && /* if primary gain tone not found *%
(cmi db(gain cmi num] [gain_cmi sec].alarm en 0 23 & ALARM 2) ) /*
and rev cont enabled *1 - - - -cmi_db[gain cminum] [gaixycmi sec].pri rev_cont_cntr++;
/** If the Primary fault counter reaches its limit, set an Upstream Continuity fault **/
AMENDED SHEET

CA 02371496 2001-11-20 US0013$$C7 ~mey Docket No. 00326PCT' (D4418) **/
/** for that CMI.
if (cmi db[gain cmi num] [gain cmi sec].pri_rev cont cntr ~
REV CONT C'IR_MAX) - -f hic db.cmi err[gain cmi sec] ~_ (0x1 « gain cmi num); /* Set Upstream Continuity Fault cmi db[gain cmi num] [gain cmi sec].alarm num 0 23 ~= Ox 10; 1* bit 4 for primary fault *~ - - - -cmi db[gain cmi num] [gain cmi sec].pri rev cont cntr =
REV CONT CTR MAX;

if ( ((good meas & 0x4) != 0x4) && /* if diversity gain tone not found */
I S (cmi db[gain cmi num] [gain cmi sec].alarm en 0 23 & ALARM_2) ) /*
and rev cont enabled *~ - - - -f cmi db[gain cmi~num] [gain cmi sec].div rev cont cntr++;
/** if the Diversity fault counter reaches its Iimit, set an Upstream Continuity fault **I
/** for that CMI.
**/
if (cmi db[gain cmi_num] [gain cmi sec].div rev cont cntr >_ .REV CONT C'TR_MAX) - -{
{hic db.cmi err[gain cmi sec] ~_ (0x1 « gain cmi num); /* Set Upstream Continuity Fault *% -cmi db(gain cmi num] [gain cmi sec].alarm num_0 23 ~= 0x20; /* bit

5 for diversity fault *~ - -cmidb[gain_cmi num] [gain cmi sec].div rev cont cntr =
REV CONT CTR MAX;
) return GAIN_TONE_SEARCHES_A4AX;
} /* end Check Gain Tone */
/************************************************************************
void US Attn Settings (unsigned int gain cmi num, unsigned int gain cmi sec) { - - - -/*********************************
* * Primary Channel *********************************/
/* if (Primary Channel reading is good) */
if ((good meas & 0x2) != 0x0) { _ cmi db[gain cmi num] [gain cmi sec].pri tone before temp correct =
cmi_db[gain cmi num] [gain cmi_sec].pri-tone;
/* adjust measured power by gain tone temperature coefficient;
*/
cmi~db[gain cmi num] [gain cmi_sec].pri tone -_ cmi db[gain cmi num] (gain cmi sec].gt temp correct; /* - gain tone temp coefficient /* calculate how far the primary channel's delta is from the desired;

AMENDED SHEET

~mey Dockct No. 0032GPCT (D4A I8) */
pri-gain delta =
cmi db[gain cmi_num] jgain cmi sec].pri_tone - cmi db[gain cmi num] [gain_cmi_sec].upstr~pri_setpoint;
S /** primary actual power = pri measured power + calibration factor **/
hic db.us actual_power[PRIMARY] _ cmi db[gain cmi num] [gain cmi sec).pri tone;
/* Check to see if measured gain tone has maxed out or bottomed out */
/* based upon the Look-Up-Table. If value returned from LUT is the */
/* max value and we still need to increase power, we can't trust */
/* the accuracy of the measurement. Likewise if the value returned */
1* frorn the LUT is the min value and we still need to decrease power */
/* we can't trust that measurement either. In both cases set the */
/* gain- delta to zero so that CMI attenuators will be left alone. */
if( ((Pri Pwr from_LUT >= US PWR_MAX) && (pri-gain delta < 0)) JJ
((Pri_Pwr from LUT <= US PWR MIN) && (pri-gain delta > 0}) ) pri-gain delta = 0; /* set delta to zero to prevent attn change *%
} /* end else if only the primary is good */
else /* Primary Channel reading is not good */
{
pri_gain_delta = 0; /** don't change the primary attenuator **/
{
/********************************
** Diversity Channel **
********************************/
/* if (Diversity Channel reading is good) */
if ((good meas & 0x4) != 0x0) ( cmi db[gain cmi'num] [gain cmi sec].div tone before_temp correct =
cmi_db[gain cmi num) [gain cmi sec].div tone;
/*adjust measured power by gain tone temperature coefficient; */
cmi db[gain cmi num] [gain cmi sec].div tone -_ cmi db[gain_cmi_num] [gain_cmi secJ.gt temp correct; /* - gain tone temp coefficient *~ -/* calculate how far the diversity channel's delta is from the desired;
*/
div_gain delta =
cmi_db[gain cmi num] [gain emi_sec].div tone - cmi'db[gain cmi num] [gain cmi sec].upstr div_setpoint;
/** diversity actual power = div measured power + calibration factor **/
hic db.us actual_power[DIVERSITY] _ cmi db[gain cmi num] [gain cmi sec].div tone;
/* Don't change attenuators if LUT value is maxed or bottomed out */
if( ((Div_Pwr from LUT >= US PWR MAX) && (div_gain delta < 0)) JJ
((Div Pwr from LUT <= US PWR MII~ && (div_gain delta > 0)) ) {
div-gain delta = 0; /* set delta to zero to prevent attn change */
/** deleted the primary channel change which m«intained the existing **/

AMENDED SHEET

_-.~mcy Docket No. 00326PCf (D4A18) . PCT/US00113886 /** difference between the diversity and primary channels **/
/** if (both primary and diversity channels are NOT good) and **/
/** (primary channel is enabled) **/
} I * end if diversity is good *I
else /** diversity channel is not good **/
div-gain delta = 0; /** don't change the diversity attenuator **/
}
/* take absolute value of gain deltas for dwell determination */
if (pri-gain delta < 0) pri delta = 0 - pri_gain delta;
else pri delta = pri-gain-delta;
}
if (div-gain delta < 0) div delta = 0 - div-gain delta;
} _ else div delta = div-gain delta;
} _ /* limit change to AUTOGAIN STEP_SIZE *1 if (pri_gain delta > STEP SIZE PLUS) pri~gain delta = STEP SIZE PLUS;
_ _ _ if (pri_gain delta < STEP SIZE MINUS) ] _ _ _ pri_gain delta = STEP SIZE MINUS;
} - - -if (div-gain delta > STEP SIZE PLUS) _ _ _ div gain delta = STEP SIZE PLUS;
} _ _ if (div gain delta < STEP SIZE MINUS) ( _ - _ div gain-delta = STEP SIZE MINUS;
} _ } /* end US AttrySettings */
/************************************************************************
void Pri Div Atrn-Settings (unsigned int gain cmi num,unsigned int gain cmi sec}
- - _ _ SO /* while primary gain is too high by at least 0.5 dB and */
/* the maximum primary attenuation has not been reached */
/* add primary gain attenuation */
while ( (pri-gain_delta > 0) &&
(cmi db[gain cmi num] [gain cmi sec].upstr~ri att <
PRI ATN_MAX) ) ( pri-gain delta-= 1;
cmi db[gain_cmi num] [gain cmi sec].upstr~ri att += 1;

AMENDED SHEET

08-0L~-200~ CA 02371496 2001-11-20 US0013886 naorncy Docket No. 00326PCT (D4418) if ( cmi db[gain cmi num] [gain cmi sec].upstr_pri att >= PRI ATN MAX ) - - - - _ _ _ cmi db[gain_cmi num] [gain cmi sec].upstr_pri att = PRI ATN MAX;
S } /* end white primary is too high by at least 0.5 dB */
/* and the maximum primary attenuation has not been reached */
/* while diversity gain is too high by at least 0.5 dB and */
I * the maximum diversity gain has not been reached *I
/* add diversity attenuation */
while ( (div_gain delta > 0) &&
(cmi db[gain cmi num] [gain cmi sec].upstr div att <
DIV ATN_MAX) {
div-gain delta -= 1;
cmi db[gain cmi num] [gain cmi sec].upstr div att t= I ;
if ( cmi db[gain cmi num] [gain cmi~sec].upstr div att >= DIV ATN MAX ) _ _ _ _ _ cmi db[gain cmi num] [gain cmi sec].upstr div att = DIV ATN MAX;
_ _ _ _ } /* end while diversity is too high by at least 0.5 dB */
/* while primary gain is too low by at least 0.5 dB and */
/* the minimum primary attenuation has not been reached */
/* remove primary gain attenuation */
while ( (pri-gain delta < 0) &&
(cmi db[gain cmi num] [gain cmi sec].upstr~ri att > PRI ATN MIN) - _ _ pri-gain delta += 1;
cmi db[gain cmi num] [gain cmi sec].upstr_pri ait-= 1;
if ( cmi db[gain crni num] [gain cmi sec].upstr~ri att <= PRI ATN MIN ) _ _ _ cmi db[gain cmi_num] [gain cmi_sec].upstr~ri att = PRI ATN MIN;
} /* end while primary is too low by at least 0.~ dB */
/* and the minimum primsry attenuation has not been reached */
/* while diversity gain is too low by at least 0.5 dB and */
/* the minimum diversity gain has not been reached */
/* remove diversity attenuation */
while ( (div-gain_delta < 0) &&
(cmi db[gain cmi_num] [gain cmi sec].upstr div att >
DIV ATN-MIN ) ) - -div_gain_delta += 1;
cmi db[gain cmi num] [gain cmi sec].upstr div att ~ 1;
if ( cmi db[gain-cmi num] [gain cmi sec].upstr div att <= DIV ATN MIN ) _ _ _ _ _ _ } cmi db[gain cmi_num] [gain cmi sec].upstr div att = DIV_ATN_MIN; }
} /* end while diversity is too low by at least 0.5 dB */
/* and the minimum diversity attenuation has not been reached */
} /* end Pri Div Attn Settings */
/******************************************************************************
********
/
int Write CMI Attenuators (unsigned int gain cmi num,unsigned int gain cmi sec, unsigned int enumerator ) AMENDED SHEET

wnomey Docket No. 00326PC'T (D4418) /* update CMI attenuators */
1w msg out.dat.raw.dat[0] = CMI HIC_GAIN_MSG;
Iw msg out.dat.raw.dat[2] = enumerator; /* DF# 1 enumerator = write attenuators*/
1w msg out.dat.raw.dat[6] _ (((gain cmi sec « () & OxCO) ~ gain cmi num); /*
DF#5 sector/cmi# *%
lw_msg out.dat.raw.dat[7] = cmi_db[gain cmi num] [gain cmi sec].upstr_pri att;
lw_msg out.dat.raw.dat[8] = cmi_db[gain cmi_numJ [gain cmi sec).upstr_div_att;
1w msg-out.dat.raw.dat[9] = cmi db[gain cmi num] [gain cmi secJ.upstr comb_att;
lw_msg out.dat.raw.dat[10]=cmi db[gain cnu numJ [gain cmi sec].dnstr att0;
1w msg out.dat.raw.dat[11]= cmi db[gain cmi num] [gain cmi sec].dnstr attl;
/* Send_CMI_Data ( CMI, Sector, CMI Count, Settle, Retries ); */
ag status = Send CMI Data{gain cmi num,gain cmi sec,l,SETTLE TIME,MAX RETRY);
if (ag_status ! = 0) /* if CMI did not respond */
( /*---AG_Debug ( MOD WRITE_CMI_ATTENUATORS, LOCATION_02); */
return INVALID;
]
else if (cmi msg in.ntunber = 0) /* if attenuator write was NACKED by CMI */
return INVALID;
]
/*---AG Debug( MOD_WRIT'E-CMI ATTENUATORS, LOCATION O1}; */
return IS VALID;
} /*end Write CMI Attenuators */
/******************************************************************************
***
*****/
/********************* End V1.90 HIC code segment ***********************/
/******************************************************************************
***
*****/
/******************************************************************************
***
*****/
************** Begin V1.90 CMI code segment ***************/
/******************************************************************************
***
*****/
/*The following code has been extracted from the V1.90 CMI code, files std ifc.*/
/* ml rom.c, and atten.c. These sections are specific to turning on/off the gain */
/* tones as requested by the HIC in support of upstream/reverse AGC and */
/* upstream/reverse continuity. */
/* Begin code section from std ifc. Switch on incoming message number */
/*_---_------_-- ,-_______-____ _ _ ____-~*/
case CMI HIC GAIN MSG: /* $$$$$$$$$$ Auto Gain Message Request $$$$$$$$ */
/*- - __-__-' __~______~ , ___*/
/*____-__-- ;-__~_- _~______.__ --~.__- ~_ -_~_*/
/* Select the correct Message-Sub-Types (MST, of an Auto Gain message */
/*_____________-___________________________________-____________________________-__________________..__________________*/
switch ( msg_in.dat.recv gain.enumerator ) f /* ~_-_____-__-__-_____ ._ -_____- ~ ~ ~_ __ _-___-__-_-_-_-_ -_-__________ ~- -*/
/* These are all related to ulsin the U stream p g p (Reverse) gain tones */
AMENDED SHEET

08-Ot3-2001 CA 02371496 2001-11-20 US0013886 ~..orney Docket No. 00326PCT (D4418) /*_____________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________*/
case MST_PULSE_GT_BOTH:
case MST_PULSE _GT_PRI:
case MST_PULSE_GT_DIV:
Return Message(); /* prior to processing since we turn on GT *%
/* NOTE: there is no response data - just an echo of input ! */
temp enum = msg-in.dat.recv_gain.enumerator; /* read data prior to corruption *%
temp val = msg in.dat.recv_gain.gt val;
Pulse Gain_Tone ( temp enum, temp val );/* */
break;
/* Mutes the Upstream (reverse) gain tones */
-______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________*/
case MST GAIN MUTE BOTH:
/* Note I: even though the first thing this procedure does is check to see if the Gain Tones are muted (and mutes them if not) the check is done on s/w flags. This message sub type is the only Forced muting of the Gain Tones and will occur regardless of what the software flags indicate.
*/
Gain_Mute ( MST GAIN MUTE BOTH, DFLT GT OFFSET ); /*
- -mutes gain tones AND */
/* for V 1.85 offtunes the P11 */
/* for V 1.90 re-tunes to control tone freq */
break;
- ----- ~___-~- -- - -*/
/* _ -__-_ /* These are all related to activating the Upstream (Reverse) gain tones*/
/*_____________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________*/
case MST_GAIN_TURN_ON_BOTH:
case MST_GAIN_PRI_ON_DIV_MUTE:
case MST GAIN DIV ON PRI MUTE:
temp-enum = msg in.dat.recv-gain.enumerator; /* read data prior to corruption *%
temp val = rnsg_in.dat.recv gain.gt val;
/*_____________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________*/
/* update the Autogain specific response info to send back to the HIC
Note 2: The retur ~ message is sent back to the HIC before the gain tones are activated. The Gain tones will be automatically muted by any and all incoming messages at beginning of process message( ).
*/ _ msg in.dat.send_gain.pa tx~wr - intgrtd~a_pwr;

msg,-in.dat.send gain.rev_com_att = rev_com att_val;

msg-in.dat.send_gain.rev~ri att - rev~ri_att_val;

msg in.dat.send-gain.rev div att - rev div att val;

SS msg-in.dat.send_gain.fwd_pre att = _ _ _ fwd~re_att_val;

msg in.dat.send-gain.fwd~os att = fwd_pos att val;

Return_Message( ); /* acknowledge msg rcvd */

/* Activate the requested gain tone and tune to the proper frequency *1 AMENDED SHEET

>rney Dockct No. 00326PCT (1?4418) Gain Mute( temp enum, /* choice */
temp val )); /* gain offset value (gain channel:
V 1.85)*%
break;
S /* end code section from CMI std ifc */
/* Begin code section from V1.90 CMI atten.c. */
/******************************************************************************
****
* Procedure Name: Pulse Gain Tone * _ _ * Purpose: To puise the requested gain tones for Reverse AGC
* AssumptionslLimitations:
* Revision History:
PCSC-218 7/29/98 Pulsed GT needs int not char on on time !
****************************************************************s**************
*/
void Pulse Gain Tone(unsigned char choice, unsigned char offset ) unsigned char port val; /* temporary holders of data */
unsigned char off_-bits;
unsigned char on bits;
unsigned char n;
unsigned char i;
unsigned int on_time;
unsigned char off_time;
unsigned char first delay;
/* get data from input message */
n =msg in.dat.recv gain.df6;
on_time = msg_in.dat.recv_gain.df7;
if (on time == 255) on_ time = 400; /* allow a 400 ms on time, since byte doesn't go that far... *%
off time= msg in.dar~recv_gain.df8;
first delay=msg in.dat.recv-gain.df9;
/* Upstream Gain tone masks */
#define BTH MSK Ox9F /* Gain Tone Prim&Div Mute Mask */
#defme PRI_BIT 0x20 /* Gain Tone Primary BIT on */
#define DIV BIT 0x40 /* Gain Tone Diversity BIT on */
#define BTH BITS 0x60 /* Gain Tone Prim&Div BITS on */
#define BTH_OFF 0x0 /* a zero in the bit is a mute */
/*--- - ___ - ___ -_______~----____~________*/
/* Tune the Gain Tone PLL
*/
/*_-~--_____ __-._-___-_______-_______-___-___~ _-___~___*/
Tune Gain Tone ( offset); /* tune the gain tone to directed offset */
off bits = BTH OFF;
switch { choice )/* *!
case MST PULSE_GT_BOTH:
on bits = BTH~BITS;

AMENDED SHEET

08-Ot3-2001 CA 02371496 2001-11-20 US0013886 >mey Docket No. U0326PCT (D4418) PCT/UStlO/13886 break;

case MST_PULSE_GT_DIV:

on bits = DIV BIT;

break;

S case MST PULSE_GT_PR1:

on bits = PRI_BIT;

break;

} /* end switch */

/*. _______-________-______ _-- __--___-_*/
*

/
Delay the requested amount of time before asserting any Gain Tone */

/*__ _~~ __- -~_ -- -~_ __ - -*/

ms Delay ((unsigned int) first delay);

/*-=~ ---~ __-_____-_____ --*/

1 S /* For the number of times the GT is to be pulsed*/

/*--__- .___ ~ ---_--___-_-_-___ ____*/

for (i=0; i<n; i++) /* __ -- _ ____-__- ~__ --*/

/* Assert the Gain tone */
/* -- -_--___- -~_ --_*/
port val = (port B save & BTH_MSK) on_bits;
*(unsigned char xdata *) PB US GT MUTE ADR = port val;
/*__-_ -- ~ - __ - ~ _-_-_____-_ - __ -_-.__*/
/* Keep the Gain tone on for the required delay */
/* -_- ---___-__--_-_ -_ ___--__-__*/
ms Delay ((unsigned int) on_time);
~*~ Mute the Gain tone ~' */
*/
/*~ _ _ ____.__- __ _----___-_---*/
port val = (port B_save & BTH MSK) ~ off_bits;
* (unsigned char xdata -*) PB US GT MUTE ADR = port val;
/*- -_-- -- =__~_-____-___-_ _-____-_-_-- --_ -*/
/* Keep the Gain tone Off for the required delay */
/*____--- . -_-__- =__ - - .--___~ -- _-__________*/
FeedWD( ); /* Feed the WD timer */
rns Delay ((unsigned int) off time);
}/* next pulse: End for loop */
/* We are done pulsing the GT - mute the gain tones */
port B save = port val; /* keep the global up-to-date */
*/
/* If all gain tones are off- then re-tune the PLL to Comms */
Tune Cntl Freq(cur-pri_freq, cur div freq); /* yes - so tune in COMMS */
}/* End of procedure Pulse GT *%
/* End code section from V 1.90 CMI atten.c. */
/* Begin code section from V 1.90 CMI mI rom.c. */
/******************************************************************************
****
* TITLE: Tune_gain tone * -2s AMENDED SHEET

08-08-2001 ~Cy~ketNo.00326PCT(D4418) CA 02371496 2001-11-20 US0013886 . PCT/USaO/13886 * DESCRIPTION: This routine calculates the LO frequency necessary for funning * the Gain Tone and invokes the necessary routines to set the PLL
* INPUTS: gain_tone val V I .90 - offset in KHz from the center of the Upstream CDMA signal *
* OUTPUTS: None * ASSUMPTIONS/LIMITATIONS:
* V 1.90 Tunes (tune L04 ) * valid range: -4(252) to +4, (-4KHz to 4KHz offset in 1 Khz steps) IS
* Revision History:
* Change Doc. Date Description * 10/28/97 ~ initial release * PCSC-057 11/13/97 Input arg changed to unsigned int for consistancy * w/ V 1.85 equations added and V 1.90 equations were * modified to make them clearer to understand.
*******************************************************************************
***
void Tune Gain_Tone (unsigned int gain tone val) f unsigned long freq;
signed int temp;
/*_________________________________________________________________________ /* convert gain tone offset into increments of IOOKHz - j*
temp = (signed char) gain tone val;
/*___________________________ _____ ._____________..________________________________________________________*/
/* convert gain tone-offset into increments of 100KHz */
/*_______.._________________________.._________________________________________ ______________________________*/
freq = (temp * _100KHZ);
_______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________*/
/* calculate the PLL frequency in KHz */
/*___________________~____________________ freq = (REV 1 ST IF FREQ - freq);
Calc P 11 Data (freq, PLL4); /* calculate and then set PLL 4*/
) _ /******************************************************************************
****
* TITLE: Tune Cntl Freq * DESCRIPTION: This routine calculates the LO frequency for the BPSK Control * Frequency and invokes the routines to tune the PLL to that * frequency * INPUTS: pti-frec~code - Primary Upstream Freq in 250KHz steps * (pri freq_code = Upstream freq (MHz) / 250KHz ) AMENDED SHEET

Attorney Docket No. 00326PCT
(D4418) , PCT/US00/13886 * div_freq-code - Diversity Upstream Freq in 250KHz steps * (div freq_code = Upstream freq (MHz) I 250KHz ) *

* OUTPUTS: None * ASSUMPTIONS/LIMITATIONS:

* Tunes (L04) * The BPSK control frequency must always be maintained at * 1.OMHz above the Primary Upstream frequency.

Both the * Upstream Primary and Diversity frequencys must 1 S be previously * set before this procedureis called * Revision History:

* Change Doc. Date Description * 10/28/97 initial release * PCSC-057 11/13/97 V 1.85 equations added and V 1.90 equations were * modified to make them clearer to understand.

* PCSC-150 3/31/98 Modified the V1.85 specific code for p114 *******************************************************************************
***/

void Tune Cntl Freq(unsigned char pri freq_code, unsigned char div freq-code) # define 1MHZ 1000 /* 1 MHz in KHz*/

unsigned long p113_freq, cntl_freq, p114 freq;
/*
_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________ */
3 5 /* determine the frequency of p 113 */
/*
_______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________ */
p 113 freq = (div freq-code * 250KHZ) = REV 1 ST .IF FREQ ; /* in KHz */
/* _________________. ____________________________________ .___ . .__ ._______________________________________ */
/* determine the control tone freq, it is always 1 MHz above the prim freq */
/*
_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________ */
cntl freq = (pri freq_code * 250KHZ) +-1MHZ;
/*
__________________________________________________________..___________________ ___________________________ */
/* determine the freq for p 114 */
/*
_______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________ */
p 114 freq = p 113 freq - cntl_freq; /* in KHz */
Calc P 11 Data(p 114 freq, PLL4); /*calculate the data and then set the PLL */
} /* End Tune Cntl Freq( ) */
/******************************************************************************
****
* TITLE: Gain Mute * _ * DESCRIPTION: Mute the Gain Tone *
* INPUTS: mute choice - which combination of the GT signals to set * offset- the gain tone offset value AMENDED SHEET

. .__~mey Docket No. 00326,°CT (D441 g) * OUTPUTS: None * ASSUMPTIONS/LIMITATIONS:
* This keeps the switch values for V 1.85 the same (primary only) * Revision History:
* Original 11/4/97 V1.90 has an additional switch to allow individual * control of the primary and diversity gain tones.
* Input parameters changed, this proc now calls the * tune routines directly.
* PCSC-076 12/17/97 Modified names of include files.
* PCSC-082 12/24/97 The muting control logic was reversed since a * logic 0 sets gain tones to a muted condition.
*
* PCSC_161 4/20/98 Changed name of constant us_gt mute adr *******************************************************************************
***/
/s_ __., _ »~_ _ _-_-_-__ -~-_-_-*/
void Gain Mute (unsigned char choice, unsigned char offset ) {
unsigned char port val; /* temporary holders of data */
unsigned char bits;
/* Upstream Gain tone masks */
#deftne BTH_MSK 0x9F /* Gain Tone Prim&Div Mute Mask */
#define PRI-BIT 0x20 /* Gain Tone Primary BIT on */
#define DIV BIT 0x40 /* Gain Tone Diversity BIT on */
#define BTH-BITS 0x60 /* Gain Tone Prim&Div BITs on */
#define B'TH-OFF 0x0 /* a zero in the bit is a mute */
/* --_ -_~_-___-----~-_~-_~--_-_-____ _--_-_-*/
/* Tune the desired Gain Tone on if this is not a mute request */
/* --- - - -~_-______-__~_ ___ _____~_ '- -*/
:. Hitch ( choice )/* look at only the ON choices */
{
case MST GAIN_TURN_ON BOTH:
case MST GA.IN_PRI_ON_DIV_MUTE:
case MST_GAIN DIV_ON_PRI_MUTE:
Tune Gain Tone ( offset); /* tune the gain tone to directed offset */ _ break;
) /*- ____ _____~__---__-~ ______________ ____-*/
/* Turn the switch on/off appropriately */
/*_ -__ - ____ _ -----_- -~-- ---_ -___--_---_.--_*/
switch{ choice )/* which combination is being directed ? */
{
case MS's GAIN TURN ON BOTH:

AMENDED SHEET

attorney Docket No. 00326PCT (D4418) bits = BTH_BITS;
break;
case MST GAIN_MUTE BOTH:
bits = BT'H_OFF;
break;
case MST GAIN PRI_ON_DIV_MUTE:
bits = PRI_BIT;
break;
case MST GAIN DIV_ON__PRI_MUTE:
bits = DI V BIT;
break;
port val = (port B save & BTH MSK) ~ bits;
/*-___ ~- _-_ _-__--_- -___ */
/* Now write the derived pattern to the port - and save the loaded value ~ */
/*_-______~____ __- _-.- ___- _~___=_*/
*(unsigned char xdata *) PB US GT MUTE_ADR = port val;
port B save = port val;
/* If all gain tones are off - then re-tune the PLL to Comms */
/*___________________._________________________________________________________ _____________________________..__ if ( (port B save & BTH_BITS) _= BTH_OFF )/* both off ? */
Tune Cntl Freq(cur-pri_fred, cur div freq); I* yes - so tune in COMMS *I
/* End code section from V1.90 CMI ml rom.c. */
/******************************************************************************
***
*****/
/************** End V1.90 CMI code segment **************~***/
/******************************************************************************
***
*****/

AMENDED SHEET

Claims (11)

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A cable microcell integrator, comprising:
first and second receiving antennas (48, 50);
a first down conversion stage (172) coupled to the first receiving antenna;
a second down conversion stage (174) coupled to the second receiving antenna;
and characterized by:
a gain tone generator (180);
a first coupler (176) having a first input terminal coupled to an output terminal of the first down conversion and a second input terminal coupled to an output terminal of the gain tone generator;
a second coupler (178) having a first input terminal coupled to an output terminal of the second down conversion and a second input terminal coupled to the output terminal of the gain tone generator; and a power divider (198) coupled to both the first and second couplers.

2. The cable microcell integrator of claim 1, further comprising:
a first attenuator (184) coupled to an output terminal of the first coupler;
a third down conversion stage (190) coupled between the first attenuator and the power divider;
a second attenuator (186) coupled to an output terminal of the second coupler;
and a fourth down conversion stage (192) coupled between the second attenuator and the power divider.

3. The cable microcell integrator of claim 2, wherein a gain of both the first and second attenuators is set by a signal from a head end interface converter (54) in communication with the cable microcell integrator.

4. The cable microcell integrator of claim 3, wherein the cable microcell integrator is coupled to the head end interface converter via a third coupler (208) having an input terminal coupled to an output terminal of the power divider.

5. The cable microcell integrator of claim 4, further comprising a third attenuator (202) coupled between the power divider and the third coupler.

6. The cable microcell integrator of claim 3, further comprising a temperature sensor (150) having an output terminal coupled to the head end interface converter.

7. A method of providing level adjustment for reverse path signals from microcells in a wireless microcell distribution system, comprising:

transmitting a first gain tone from a microcell (40) to a head end interface converter (54) over a primary reverse path for a first time period;
and characterized by:
after the first time period, transmitting a second gain tone from the microcell to the head end interface converter over a diversity reverse path for a second time period.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the first time period is less than 120 ms and the second time period is less than 120 ms.

9. The method of claim 7, further comprising sending a message from the head end interface converter to the microcell to generate the first and second gain tones.

10. The method of claim 9, further comprising measuring an amplitude of the first and second gain tones.

11. The method of claim 10, further comprising adjusting a gain provided by the primary and diversity reverse paths of the microcell based on the amplitude of the first and second gain tones.