CA2336613C - Multi-frequency band antenna - Google Patents
Multi-frequency band antenna Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2336613C CA2336613C CA002336613A CA2336613A CA2336613C CA 2336613 C CA2336613 C CA 2336613C CA 002336613 A CA002336613 A CA 002336613A CA 2336613 A CA2336613 A CA 2336613A CA 2336613 C CA2336613 C CA 2336613C
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- Prior art keywords
- antenna
- coaxial
- conductor
- line
- multiband antenna
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/30—Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
- H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
- H01Q5/25—Ultra-wideband [UWB] systems, e.g. multiple resonance systems; Pulse systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
- H01Q5/342—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes
- H01Q5/357—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes using a single feed point
- H01Q5/364—Creating multiple current paths
- H01Q5/371—Branching current paths
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
- H01Q5/48—Combinations of two or more dipole type antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
- H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
- H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
- H01Q9/285—Planar dipole
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
- H01Q9/32—Vertical arrangement of element
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
- Details Of Aerials (AREA)
- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a multi-frequency band antenna which comprises a first antenna unit for a first frequency band range and at least a second antenna unit for a second frequency band range. The inventive antenna is characterized by the following features:
the first antenna (3) and the at least second antenna (9) are nested and integrated into each other; the pertaining dipole halves (3'a, 3"a; 9'a, 9"a) of the at least two antennae (3, 9) are configured in the shape of a pot or box or a similar shape at least in terms of their electric equipment; the dipole halves of the at least two antennae (3, 9) are short-circuited (l1'a, 11"a) with each other at least at their adjacent ends (7'a, 7"a) and extend from there at different lengths depending on the frequency band range to be transmitted; and the dipole halves (3'a, 3"a; 9'a, 9"a) for transmitting the respective lower frequency band range are located within those dipole halves (9'a, 9"a; 25'a, 25"a) that are provided for the transmission of a respective higher frequency or a respective higher frequency band range.
the first antenna (3) and the at least second antenna (9) are nested and integrated into each other; the pertaining dipole halves (3'a, 3"a; 9'a, 9"a) of the at least two antennae (3, 9) are configured in the shape of a pot or box or a similar shape at least in terms of their electric equipment; the dipole halves of the at least two antennae (3, 9) are short-circuited (l1'a, 11"a) with each other at least at their adjacent ends (7'a, 7"a) and extend from there at different lengths depending on the frequency band range to be transmitted; and the dipole halves (3'a, 3"a; 9'a, 9"a) for transmitting the respective lower frequency band range are located within those dipole halves (9'a, 9"a; 25'a, 25"a) that are provided for the transmission of a respective higher frequency or a respective higher frequency band range.
Description
. ~, ...~,,...._. . .,, MULTI-FREQUENCY BAND ANTENNA
The invention relates to a multiband antenna.
Most mobile communication is handled via the GSM 900 network, that is to say in the 900 MHz band. I=n addition, the GSM 1800 Standard has been established, inter alia, in Europe, in which Standard signals can be transmitted and received in an 1800 MHz band.
Such multiband base stations therefore require multiband antenna devices for transmitting and receiving different frequency bands, which normally have dipole structures, that is to say a dipole antenna device for transmitting and receiving the 900 MHz band range and , a further dipole antenna devicEa for transmitting and receiving the 1800 MHz band range.
In practice, therefore, multiband, or at least two-band, antenna devices have already been...proposed, namely, -for example, a dipole antenna device for transmitting the 900 MHz band and for transmitting the 1800 MHz band, with the two dipole antenna devices being=arranged alongside one another. Two antennas are therefore required in each case for the at least two frequency band ranges which, in fact, since they are arranged physically alongside one another, 'interfere with one another and have an adverse effect on one another, since they shadow each other's polar diagram.
It is thus no longer possible to, achieve an omnidirectional.polar diagram.
It has therefore also already been proposed for two corresponding antenna devices to be arranged one above the other for operation in two different frequency band ranges. This, of course,' leads to a , greater physical height and demands a larger amount of space. In addition, the omnidirectional polar diagram is in some, circumstances also adversely affected, at _ _ _... _. . .~_ least to a minor extent, since the connecting line leading to the higher antenna device has to be routed past the lower antenna device.
The object of the present invention, in contrast, is to provide an improved two-band or multiband antenna device.
According to the invention, this object is achieved by a multiband antenna arrangement comprising:
- a feed line arrangement, - at least a first antenna having a first operating frequency range, said first antenna including an inner dipole half that faces the feed line arrangement and an outer dipole half that faces away from the feed line arrangement, - at least a second antenna having a second operating frequency range higher than the first frequency range, said second antenna including an inner dipole half that faces the feed line arrangement and an outer dipole half that faces away from the feed line arrangement, wherein:
- the first antenna and the second antenna are integrated and interleaved with one another, with the first antenna dipole halves being disposed at least partially within the second antenna dipole halves, - the dipole halves are at least electrically in the form of sleeves or boxes, - the dipole halves have respective mutually adjacent inner ends that are short-circuited to one another, and - the dipole halves extend from said inner ends with lengths that are dependent on said operating frequency ranges.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an antenna structure for use with a first frequency range and a second frequency band lower than said first frequency range, said antenna structure comprising:
- a first antenna for use at the first frequency range, said first antenna including first and second dipole halves comprising sleeves, 2a - a second antenna for use at the second frequency range, said second antenna comprising first and second dipole halves comprising sleeves, - the first and second antennas being arranged such that they are integrated and interleaved in one another, said second antenna dipole halves being disposed within said first antenna dipole halves, - at least some of the dipole halves being short-circuited at their respective mutually adjacent inner ends and extending therefrom with lengths dependent on the first and second frequency bands, respectively.
In comparison to the prior art, the present invention preferably provides, in a surprising manner, a completely novel, extremely compact antenna device which can be operated in a two frequency band range,. However, if required, this antenna device can also be extended as required for a multiband range covering more than two frequency bands.
Specifically, the invention preferably provides for the dipole antenna device for the first frequency band and the dipole device for the at least second frequency band, which is offset from the former, to be formed coaxially with respect to one another and in the process, such that they are located interleaved in one another.
To this end, according to the invention, the dipole halves are preferably in the form of sleeves, with the sleeve diameters of the dipole halves differing from one another to such an extent that the sleeves.are arranged one inside the other. The length of the dipole halves in this case depends on the frequency band range to be transmitted. Those dipole halves which are in the form of sleeves, are designed to have the shorter length and are required for the higher frequency band range are in this case located on the outside, with those dipole halves which are designed to be appropriately longer 'for the lower frequency band range being arranged inside these outer sleeves, with their length projecting beyond the outer dipole sleeves.
The invention relates to a multiband antenna.
Most mobile communication is handled via the GSM 900 network, that is to say in the 900 MHz band. I=n addition, the GSM 1800 Standard has been established, inter alia, in Europe, in which Standard signals can be transmitted and received in an 1800 MHz band.
Such multiband base stations therefore require multiband antenna devices for transmitting and receiving different frequency bands, which normally have dipole structures, that is to say a dipole antenna device for transmitting and receiving the 900 MHz band range and , a further dipole antenna devicEa for transmitting and receiving the 1800 MHz band range.
In practice, therefore, multiband, or at least two-band, antenna devices have already been...proposed, namely, -for example, a dipole antenna device for transmitting the 900 MHz band and for transmitting the 1800 MHz band, with the two dipole antenna devices being=arranged alongside one another. Two antennas are therefore required in each case for the at least two frequency band ranges which, in fact, since they are arranged physically alongside one another, 'interfere with one another and have an adverse effect on one another, since they shadow each other's polar diagram.
It is thus no longer possible to, achieve an omnidirectional.polar diagram.
It has therefore also already been proposed for two corresponding antenna devices to be arranged one above the other for operation in two different frequency band ranges. This, of course,' leads to a , greater physical height and demands a larger amount of space. In addition, the omnidirectional polar diagram is in some, circumstances also adversely affected, at _ _ _... _. . .~_ least to a minor extent, since the connecting line leading to the higher antenna device has to be routed past the lower antenna device.
The object of the present invention, in contrast, is to provide an improved two-band or multiband antenna device.
According to the invention, this object is achieved by a multiband antenna arrangement comprising:
- a feed line arrangement, - at least a first antenna having a first operating frequency range, said first antenna including an inner dipole half that faces the feed line arrangement and an outer dipole half that faces away from the feed line arrangement, - at least a second antenna having a second operating frequency range higher than the first frequency range, said second antenna including an inner dipole half that faces the feed line arrangement and an outer dipole half that faces away from the feed line arrangement, wherein:
- the first antenna and the second antenna are integrated and interleaved with one another, with the first antenna dipole halves being disposed at least partially within the second antenna dipole halves, - the dipole halves are at least electrically in the form of sleeves or boxes, - the dipole halves have respective mutually adjacent inner ends that are short-circuited to one another, and - the dipole halves extend from said inner ends with lengths that are dependent on said operating frequency ranges.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an antenna structure for use with a first frequency range and a second frequency band lower than said first frequency range, said antenna structure comprising:
- a first antenna for use at the first frequency range, said first antenna including first and second dipole halves comprising sleeves, 2a - a second antenna for use at the second frequency range, said second antenna comprising first and second dipole halves comprising sleeves, - the first and second antennas being arranged such that they are integrated and interleaved in one another, said second antenna dipole halves being disposed within said first antenna dipole halves, - at least some of the dipole halves being short-circuited at their respective mutually adjacent inner ends and extending therefrom with lengths dependent on the first and second frequency bands, respectively.
In comparison to the prior art, the present invention preferably provides, in a surprising manner, a completely novel, extremely compact antenna device which can be operated in a two frequency band range,. However, if required, this antenna device can also be extended as required for a multiband range covering more than two frequency bands.
Specifically, the invention preferably provides for the dipole antenna device for the first frequency band and the dipole device for the at least second frequency band, which is offset from the former, to be formed coaxially with respect to one another and in the process, such that they are located interleaved in one another.
To this end, according to the invention, the dipole halves are preferably in the form of sleeves, with the sleeve diameters of the dipole halves differing from one another to such an extent that the sleeves.are arranged one inside the other. The length of the dipole halves in this case depends on the frequency band range to be transmitted. Those dipole halves which are in the form of sleeves, are designed to have the shorter length and are required for the higher frequency band range are in this case located on the outside, with those dipole halves which are designed to be appropriately longer 'for the lower frequency band range being arranged inside these outer sleeves, with their length projecting beyond the outer dipole sleeves.
The outer and inner sleeves of the dipole halves are each electrically and mechanically connected at their inner ends to a short-circuiting point whiizh is similar to a sleeve base, with the one dipole halves, which are interleaved in one another in the form of sleeves, making contact with an inner conductor, and the other dipole halves, which a:re interleaved in one another, making contact with the outer conductor.
The particular feature of this design principle is that, for example, the outermost dipole halves which are in the form of sleeves and are suitable for the higher frequency band range act as dipole radiating elements towards the outside, but act as a detunirlg sleeve towards the inside, so that those dipole halves which are in the form of sleeves and are provided for the low frequency band range cannot be identified for these radiating elements.
Those dipole halves which are in the form of sleeves, are provided for the lower frequency barid range and, in contrast, are each designed to be longer act as radiating elements over their entire length outwards, without the blocking effect of the outer radiating element, which is in the form of a sleeve, having any effect for the higher frequency band range, but act as a detuning sleeve towards the inside, so that no surface waves can propagate onto the outer conductor.
If more than two frequencies or frequency bands are to be transmitted, the design principle can be extended appropriately, with the sleeves for the higher frequency each having a larger diameter in their shorter length extent, and the dipole halves, which are in the form of sleeves, for the lower frequency barid range in each case being accommodated such that they are interleaved in orie another.
This design principle also allows central feeding via a common connection or a common coaxial line, which is preferably used not only for feeding but is also used at the same time for mechanical robustness and holding the antenna. The coaxial vertical tube which is in the form of the outer conductor is in this case mechanically and electrically connected to the one dipole half at the appropriate feed point, that is to say at the short-circuiting point of this dipole half, with the inner conductor continuing slightly beyond the outer conductor, where it is electrically and mechanically attached to the short-circuiting points, which are similar to sleeve bases, of the other dipole halves. If the inner conductor has appropriate strength, there is no need for any further additional measures for robustness. Otherwise, additional measures which electrically have no effect but are used for robustness could be provided between the short-circuiting points, wh.ich are in the form of sleeves, of the mutually adjacent dipole halves. Apart from this, the entire antenna illustrated in the attached figure is accommodated in a protective tube, for example a tube composed of glass-fiber-reinforced plastic, which engages over the aritenna arrangement, fitting it as accurately as possible, so that the inner conductor has to withstand and absorb only the weight of the upper dipole halves, since tilting loads and movements are absorbed by the protective tube.
It can also be seen from the figure that a further major advantage is that only a single coaxial cable connection is required for feeding the at least two or more frequency band ranges to the antenria device.
However, the dipole halves need not necessarily be in the form of tubular structures which are in the form of sleeves and are short-circuited at their feed points. These dipole halves, which are in the form of sleeves, may have circular or cylindrical cross sections, or may be provided with a polygonal or even oval cross section. They need not necessarily be in the form of closed tubes, either. Multi-element structures are also feasible, in which the dipole halves, which are similar to sleeves, are composed of a number of individual conductor sections or electrically conductive elements, or are broken down into these sections or elemer.Lts, provided these sections or elements are short-circuited to one another at their respective feed end which is adjoined to the respective adjacent second dipole.
In particular, according to the invention, not only a single band but also a multi-frequency band antenna device is possible, which preferably comprises at least two antenna devices located one above the other, which can in turn transmit in at least two frequency band ranges each.
This can be achieved according to the invention in that the coaxial. feed line arrangement is routed axially through that antenna device which is preferably in each case lower, and is continued to the next higher antenna device. In the feed line, the outer electrical conductors of the multiple coaxial feed lines are in each case used to feed the dipole halves of the lower antenna device while, in contrast, those conductors of the coaxial line (for example the inner conductor, which is generally in the form of a wire, and the innermost coaxial conductor surrounding it) which are inside the former are in each case used for electrically feeding that antenna device which i_s higher than the other and has the dipole halves provided there.
The design principle can be cascaded in a corresponding manner, so that three or more antenna devices can also be arranged one above the other.
This can preferably be achieved in a highly advantageous and effective manner by using a specific feed and output-coupling apparatus.
The invention will be explained in more detail in the following text with reference to exemplary embodiments. In the f:igures, in detail:
The particular feature of this design principle is that, for example, the outermost dipole halves which are in the form of sleeves and are suitable for the higher frequency band range act as dipole radiating elements towards the outside, but act as a detunirlg sleeve towards the inside, so that those dipole halves which are in the form of sleeves and are provided for the low frequency band range cannot be identified for these radiating elements.
Those dipole halves which are in the form of sleeves, are provided for the lower frequency barid range and, in contrast, are each designed to be longer act as radiating elements over their entire length outwards, without the blocking effect of the outer radiating element, which is in the form of a sleeve, having any effect for the higher frequency band range, but act as a detuning sleeve towards the inside, so that no surface waves can propagate onto the outer conductor.
If more than two frequencies or frequency bands are to be transmitted, the design principle can be extended appropriately, with the sleeves for the higher frequency each having a larger diameter in their shorter length extent, and the dipole halves, which are in the form of sleeves, for the lower frequency barid range in each case being accommodated such that they are interleaved in orie another.
This design principle also allows central feeding via a common connection or a common coaxial line, which is preferably used not only for feeding but is also used at the same time for mechanical robustness and holding the antenna. The coaxial vertical tube which is in the form of the outer conductor is in this case mechanically and electrically connected to the one dipole half at the appropriate feed point, that is to say at the short-circuiting point of this dipole half, with the inner conductor continuing slightly beyond the outer conductor, where it is electrically and mechanically attached to the short-circuiting points, which are similar to sleeve bases, of the other dipole halves. If the inner conductor has appropriate strength, there is no need for any further additional measures for robustness. Otherwise, additional measures which electrically have no effect but are used for robustness could be provided between the short-circuiting points, wh.ich are in the form of sleeves, of the mutually adjacent dipole halves. Apart from this, the entire antenna illustrated in the attached figure is accommodated in a protective tube, for example a tube composed of glass-fiber-reinforced plastic, which engages over the aritenna arrangement, fitting it as accurately as possible, so that the inner conductor has to withstand and absorb only the weight of the upper dipole halves, since tilting loads and movements are absorbed by the protective tube.
It can also be seen from the figure that a further major advantage is that only a single coaxial cable connection is required for feeding the at least two or more frequency band ranges to the antenria device.
However, the dipole halves need not necessarily be in the form of tubular structures which are in the form of sleeves and are short-circuited at their feed points. These dipole halves, which are in the form of sleeves, may have circular or cylindrical cross sections, or may be provided with a polygonal or even oval cross section. They need not necessarily be in the form of closed tubes, either. Multi-element structures are also feasible, in which the dipole halves, which are similar to sleeves, are composed of a number of individual conductor sections or electrically conductive elements, or are broken down into these sections or elemer.Lts, provided these sections or elements are short-circuited to one another at their respective feed end which is adjoined to the respective adjacent second dipole.
In particular, according to the invention, not only a single band but also a multi-frequency band antenna device is possible, which preferably comprises at least two antenna devices located one above the other, which can in turn transmit in at least two frequency band ranges each.
This can be achieved according to the invention in that the coaxial. feed line arrangement is routed axially through that antenna device which is preferably in each case lower, and is continued to the next higher antenna device. In the feed line, the outer electrical conductors of the multiple coaxial feed lines are in each case used to feed the dipole halves of the lower antenna device while, in contrast, those conductors of the coaxial line (for example the inner conductor, which is generally in the form of a wire, and the innermost coaxial conductor surrounding it) which are inside the former are in each case used for electrically feeding that antenna device which i_s higher than the other and has the dipole halves provided there.
The design principle can be cascaded in a corresponding manner, so that three or more antenna devices can also be arranged one above the other.
This can preferably be achieved in a highly advantageous and effective manner by using a specific feed and output-coupling apparatus.
The invention will be explained in more detail in the following text with reference to exemplary embodiments. In the f:igures, in detail:
Figure la: shows a schematic, axial longitudinal cross section of one exemplary embodiment of a two-band antenna (dipole structure);
Figure lb: shows a schematic axial longitudinal cross section through one exemplary embodiment of two two-band antennas arranged one above the other;
Figure 2: shows a narrowband lightning protection device, which is known from the prior art, for a coaxial line;
Figure 3: shows a detail of the schematic axial sectional illustration to explain the principle of a feed and output-couplir7g apparatus according to the invention for feedirig a triax line for one frequency band;
Figure 4: shows a development, according to the invention, of a multiband feed apparatus or output-coupling apparatus;
Figure 5: shows a schematic cross-sectional illustration along the line V-V j. n Figure 4;
Figure 6: shows an exemplary embodiment modified from tthat in Figure 4;
Figure 7: shows an exemplary embodiment, once again modified from that in Figure 4, of a multiband output-coupling apparatus for feeding three frequencies (three frequency bands), which are transmitted or received via two antenna devices;
Figure lb: shows a schematic axial longitudinal cross section through one exemplary embodiment of two two-band antennas arranged one above the other;
Figure 2: shows a narrowband lightning protection device, which is known from the prior art, for a coaxial line;
Figure 3: shows a detail of the schematic axial sectional illustration to explain the principle of a feed and output-couplir7g apparatus according to the invention for feedirig a triax line for one frequency band;
Figure 4: shows a development, according to the invention, of a multiband feed apparatus or output-coupling apparatus;
Figure 5: shows a schematic cross-sectional illustration along the line V-V j. n Figure 4;
Figure 6: shows an exemplary embodiment modified from tthat in Figure 4;
Figure 7: shows an exemplary embodiment, once again modified from that in Figure 4, of a multiband output-coupling apparatus for feeding three frequencies (three frequency bands), which are transmitted or received via two antenna devices;
Figure 8: shows an exemplary embodiment, which is developed further with respect to that in Figure 4, for feeding three antenria devices, which cover two frequency barld ranges and are arranged one above the other, by means of a quadruple coaxial line; and Figure 9: shows an embodiment, which is comparable to that in Figure 4, but with only a single inner conductor (for example as lightriing protection for a two frequency band cievice ) .
A multiband antenna 1 as shown in Figure la comprises a first antenna 3 with two dipole halves 3' and 3" which, in the illustrated exemplary embodiment, are formed from an electrically conductive cylindrical tube. The dipole half 3' which is at the top in the figure is in this case in the form of a sleeve, that is to say it is closed in the form of a sleeve at its er-d 7' adjacent to the second dipole half 3".
The length of these dipole halves 3' and 3"
depends on the frequency band range to be transmitted and, in the illustrated exemplary embodiment, i.s matched to transmission of the lower GSM band range, that is to say, in accordance with the GSM mobile radi.o standard, to transmission in the 900 MHz band.
A second antenna in the form of a dipole is provided for transmittiilg a second frequency barid range, in the illustrated exemplary embodiment this being 1800 MHz, and the dipole halves 9' and 9" of this antenna are designed with a shorter length, corresponding to the higher frequericy band range to be transmitted, and, in the illustrated exemplary embodiment, are only about half as long as the dipole halves 3' and 3" since the transmission frequency is twice as high.
A multiband antenna 1 as shown in Figure la comprises a first antenna 3 with two dipole halves 3' and 3" which, in the illustrated exemplary embodiment, are formed from an electrically conductive cylindrical tube. The dipole half 3' which is at the top in the figure is in this case in the form of a sleeve, that is to say it is closed in the form of a sleeve at its er-d 7' adjacent to the second dipole half 3".
The length of these dipole halves 3' and 3"
depends on the frequency band range to be transmitted and, in the illustrated exemplary embodiment, i.s matched to transmission of the lower GSM band range, that is to say, in accordance with the GSM mobile radi.o standard, to transmission in the 900 MHz band.
A second antenna in the form of a dipole is provided for transmittiilg a second frequency barid range, in the illustrated exemplary embodiment this being 1800 MHz, and the dipole halves 9' and 9" of this antenna are designed with a shorter length, corresponding to the higher frequericy band range to be transmitted, and, in the illustrated exemplary embodiment, are only about half as long as the dipole halves 3' and 3" since the transmission frequency is twice as high.
These dipole halves 9' and 9" are likewise in the form of tubes or cylinders in the illustrated exemplary embodiment, but have a larger diameter than the diameter of the dipole halves 3' and 3", so that the dipole halves of the antenna 9 which has the shorter length are accommodated within the dipole halves 3' and 3" having the greater longitudinal extent, and can engage over them.
The dipole h.alves 3' and 9', together with 3"
and 9", are jointly designed in the form of sleeves, are each located such that they are interleaved in one another and are each located at the mutually adjacent inner ends 7' and 7" of the dipole halves, and are in this way electrically connected to one another, formirlg a short-circuit 11' or 11", respectively.
The drawing also shows that the lower dipole halves 3" and 9" are fed via an outer conductor 15 of a coaxial feed line 17, with the inner conductor 19 beirig routed beyond the short-circuit 11" at the end 7" of the lower dipole half as far as the short-circuitirig connections 11, which are in the form of sleeves, of the upper dipole halves 3' and 9', where they are electrically and mechanically connected to the bases, which are in the f:orm of sleeves, of these dipole halves 3' and 9'.
In this embodiment, it is possible to feed both dipole antennas 3 and 9, which are arranged such that they are interleaved in one another, via a single coaxial connection 21.
The antenna operates in such a way that those dipole halves which are provided for the higher frequency band range have a shorter longitudinal extent acting as radiating elements towards the outside, while the inside of these dipole halves 9' and 9", which are in the form of sleeves, act as a detuning sleeve. This detuning-sleeve effect ensures that no surface waves can propagate onto the dipole halves of the secor.Ld antenna, which have a. greater longitudinal extent.
The dipole h.alves 3' and 9', together with 3"
and 9", are jointly designed in the form of sleeves, are each located such that they are interleaved in one another and are each located at the mutually adjacent inner ends 7' and 7" of the dipole halves, and are in this way electrically connected to one another, formirlg a short-circuit 11' or 11", respectively.
The drawing also shows that the lower dipole halves 3" and 9" are fed via an outer conductor 15 of a coaxial feed line 17, with the inner conductor 19 beirig routed beyond the short-circuit 11" at the end 7" of the lower dipole half as far as the short-circuitirig connections 11, which are in the form of sleeves, of the upper dipole halves 3' and 9', where they are electrically and mechanically connected to the bases, which are in the f:orm of sleeves, of these dipole halves 3' and 9'.
In this embodiment, it is possible to feed both dipole antennas 3 and 9, which are arranged such that they are interleaved in one another, via a single coaxial connection 21.
The antenna operates in such a way that those dipole halves which are provided for the higher frequency band range have a shorter longitudinal extent acting as radiating elements towards the outside, while the inside of these dipole halves 9' and 9", which are in the form of sleeves, act as a detuning sleeve. This detuning-sleeve effect ensures that no surface waves can propagate onto the dipole halves of the secor.Ld antenna, which have a. greater longitudinal extent.
However, the detuning sleeve for the higher frequency of the outer dipole halves 9', 9" which are in the form of tubes or sleeves "cannot be identified"
or is effective for the second antenna 3 with the dipole halves 3', 3" which extend over a greater length, so that t:hese dipole halves also act as individual radiating elements towards the outside. The inside of the lower dipole half 3", which is in the form of a sleeve, acts as a detuning sleeve, however.
This detuning sleeve effect ensures that no surface waves can propagate on the outer conductor of a coaxial feed line.
This design results in an extremely compact antenna arrangement, which also has optimum omnidirectional radiation characteristic which has never been known in the past; and nevertheless has simplified feed via only a single, common connection.
However, in contrast to the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the dipole halves need not necessarily be in the form of tubes or sleeves. Instead of a round cross section for the dipole halves 3' to 9", polygonal (n-polygonal shaped) dipole halves, as well as other dipole halves whose shapes are not circular, for example being oval, are also feasible.
Furthermore, structures for the dipole halves are also conceivable in which the circumferential outer surface is not necessarily closed, but is broken down into a number of individual elements which are curved in three dimensions or are even planar, provided these are eiectricaily connected to one another at their mutually adjacent inner end 7' or 7", respectively, of the dipole halves at which the short-circuits 11' or 11", respectively, which are in the form of sleeves and have been mentioned above, are formed, and, at the sante time, are designed such that the said blocking effect of the respective outer sleeve with respect to the inner sleeve is maintained, in order to ensure that rio surface waves can propagate.
or is effective for the second antenna 3 with the dipole halves 3', 3" which extend over a greater length, so that t:hese dipole halves also act as individual radiating elements towards the outside. The inside of the lower dipole half 3", which is in the form of a sleeve, acts as a detuning sleeve, however.
This detuning sleeve effect ensures that no surface waves can propagate on the outer conductor of a coaxial feed line.
This design results in an extremely compact antenna arrangement, which also has optimum omnidirectional radiation characteristic which has never been known in the past; and nevertheless has simplified feed via only a single, common connection.
However, in contrast to the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the dipole halves need not necessarily be in the form of tubes or sleeves. Instead of a round cross section for the dipole halves 3' to 9", polygonal (n-polygonal shaped) dipole halves, as well as other dipole halves whose shapes are not circular, for example being oval, are also feasible.
Furthermore, structures for the dipole halves are also conceivable in which the circumferential outer surface is not necessarily closed, but is broken down into a number of individual elements which are curved in three dimensions or are even planar, provided these are eiectricaily connected to one another at their mutually adjacent inner end 7' or 7", respectively, of the dipole halves at which the short-circuits 11' or 11", respectively, which are in the form of sleeves and have been mentioned above, are formed, and, at the sante time, are designed such that the said blocking effect of the respective outer sleeve with respect to the inner sleeve is maintained, in order to ensure that rio surface waves can propagate.
The dashed lines in the illustrated exemplary embodiment in the attached figure indicate that this design principle cari be extended without any problems to other frequency band ranges. A dashed line in this case indicates that, for example, a further outer sleeve could also be provided for dipole halves 25' and 25" of a third antenna 25, which is designed for an even higher frequency and therefore has an even shorter longitudinal extent. These dipole halves 25' and 23"
are also each short--circuited to the end of the other dipole half at their inner ends which point towards one another. The outside of these dipole halves 25' and 25"
acts as a radiating element for this frequency, with the inside acting as detuning sleeves with respect to the next inner dipole halves. These detuning sleeves are, however, once again not effective for the dipole halves which are interleaved in one another.
In contrast to the exemplary embodiment shown in Figure la, a dipole half which is not in the form of a sleeve or hollow cylinder, or the like, that is to say a dipole half in the form of a rod, for example, could also be used instead of the upper, innermost dipole half 3', since this dipole half does not need to accommodate either a further dipole half or a feedline connection in its interior.
A multiband antenna as shown in Figure lb comprises a first antenna device A whose design corresponds to that of the antenna device shown in Figure la. The reference symbols used in Figure la are just given the suffix letter "a"' for the antenna device A in Figure lb.
The antenna device shown in Figure lb, however, also comprises a second multiband antenna device B, which is designed on the same principle, but for which the suffix letter "b" is used, rather than "a", for the first multiband antenna device A for the reference symbols for this second antenna device B.
In this embodiment, it is possible to feed both the dipole antennas 3a and 9a, which are arranged interleaved in one another, via a single coaxial connection 21a, at which a coaxial connecting line 52 is connected to an outer conductor 51 and an inner conductor 53, and the feed line 17, which starts from this point, and has the outer conductor 15a and the inner conductor 19a.
In an antenna such as that shown in Figure lb, it is thus desirable to have the capability to feed t:he upper multiband antenna device A, for example, via a triple coaxial line 17, that is to say via the inner coaxial line 17a with the inner conductor 19a and the outer conductor 15a, and to feed the lower antenna device B via the outer coaxial line 17b with the inner conductor 19b and the outer conductor 15b. In this case, the central coaxial conductor thus has two functions, firstly, it is the outer conductor 15a for the upper antenna device A and, at the same time, it is the inner conductor 19b for the lower antenna device B.
Since, however, the outer conductor 15a of the inner coaxial line is conniacted to ground (for example by the coaxial connecting link 21a), and this outer conductor 15a of the inner coaxial cable 17a at the same tirne represents the inner conductor 19b of the outer coaxial cable 17b, this m.eans that the inner and outer conductors 19b, 15b of the outer coaxial cable 17b all have the same potential, namely ground.
Additional technical measures are therefore required which allow a corresponding feed for operation of the upper and lower antenna devices A and B, respectively, and which also allow an inner conductor to be connected t:o the potential of the outer conductor.
A solution which is known from the prior art for a coaxial line 17 with an inner conductor 19 and an outer conductor 15 is shown in Figure 2, which has a coaxial spur line SL at a connecting point 46, the coaxial outer conductor AL of which spur line SL is electrically connected to the outer conductor 15, while its inner conductor IL is connected to the inner conductor 19 of the coaxial line 17. At the end of the spur line, the outer conductor AL is short-circuited to the associated inner conductor IL via a short-circu:it KS in the form of a sleeve, by which means the inner conductor 19 is thus connected to the outer conductor of the coaxial line 17. This is done, for a specif_Lc frequency or a specific frequency band, in such a manner that the electrical length of the coaxial spur line LS corresponds to 1= a,/4, where X is the 10 wavelength of the relevant frequency, or of the relevant frequency :band. However, this is only ever possible in a narrowband form for a specific frequency, and thus for a specific wavelength.
Should the antenna described in Figure 1 and 15 having an upper and a lower antenna device be operated in only one frequency band, then this can be achieved via a common multiple coaxial line with a feed apparatus or output-coupling apparatus according to the invention, as shown in Figure 3.
The exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 3 differs from Figure 2, inter alia, in that the coaxial line 17 makes a right-angle bend at the connectirlg point 46, that is tc> say coming from above, it is not routed downwards, as shown in Figure 2, but, as it continues, bends away to the left at the connectirig point 46. In the exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 3, the spur line which is shown in Figure 2 is shown lying in an axial extension of the coaxial connectirig line which runs vertically upward above the connectirig point 46. A further difference is that the inner conductor 19 shown in Figure 2 is replaced by a coaxial line 17a in Figure 3.
An electrical connection for the inner conductor 19a and for the outer conductor 15a of the inner coaxial line 17a for feeding the upper antenna device A can now be produced via a coaxial cable 52 which leads to a coaxial connection 21a and has an inner conductor 53 and an outer conductor 51, with the outer coaxial line 17b being fed appropriately via a second feed line 42 with an inner conductor 43 and an outer conductor 41, via a coaxial connection 21b and a coaxial intermediate line 62 with an inner conductor 63 and an outer conductor 61, for which purpose, finally, the inner conductor 63 of the second connecting line 42 is electrically connected to the inner conductor 19b, and the outer conductor 41 is connected to the outer conductor 15b, of the feed line 17b, at the connecting point 46. Thus, in the electrical sense, the intermediate line 62. represents the outer coaxial feed line 17b with the inner conductor 19b and the outer conductor 15b. If, as in this exemplary embodiment, the upper and lower antenna devices A and B, respecitvely, shown in Figure 1 are operated in only one frequency band range, then they are fed at the connecting point 46 in such a way that the length 1 of the coaxial spur line SL and of the associated outer conductor AL
corresponds to 1 = X/4 at the frequency under discussion. An open circuit is transformed at the connecting point 46 [lacuna] by the short-circuit KS, which is in the form of a sleeve, as a result of which the outer outer conductor 15b is electrically short-circuited to the inner outer conductor 15a. T:he corresponding antenna device can thus be fed for operation in one frequency band using the feed and output-coupling apparatus explained with reference 'to Figure 3.
However, in contrast, if the antenna described in Figure 1 is intended to be operated with two antenna devices A and B, arranged one above the other, in tiao frequency band ranges, then a feed apparatus or output-coupling apparatus as explained in Figure 4:is required, and this will be described in the following text.
For the antenna device, shown in Figure 1, for operation of, for example, two different frequency band ranges, two coaxial X/4 lines, which are each short-circuited via a respective short-circuit KS1 or KS2, are interleaved, with the outer X1/4 line SL1 being used for matching for the higher frequency (for example for transmission of the 1800 MHz frequency band range, for example PCN), and the inner ~,/4 line SL2 being used for matching for the lolraer frequency, for example for the 900 MHz band (for example GSM). In consequence, t:he outer conductor AL1 of the first spur line SLl is short-circuited at the end of the spur line (with respect to the feedpoint 46) by means of a radial short-circuit KS1, that is to say a short-circuit in the form of a ring or sleeve, to the outer conductor AL2 of the coaxial spur line SL2, and the outer conductor AL2 of the spur line SL2 is in turn short-circuited via a further radial short-circuit KS2, that is to say a short-circuit in the form of a ring or sleeve, to the inner conductor 19b of the outer coaxial line. The inner outer conductor AL2 ends freely, adjacent to the connecting point 46.
Thus, accorcling to the exemplary embodiment, the upper antenna device A is fed via a first coaxial cable connection 21a, with the inner conductor 53 merging into the inner conductor 19a and the outer conductor 51 of the connecting line 52 merging into the outer conductor 15a of the coaxial feed line 17a for the upper antenna device A.
The lower antenna device B is fed via a secorid coaxial cable connection 21b and a downstream intermediate line 42 with an associated outer conductor 41 and an inner conductor 43, in such a way that the inner conductor 43 is electrically connected to the inner conductor 19b of the coaxial feed line 17, and the outer conductor 41 of the second coaxial cable connecting line is electrically connected to the outer conductor 15b of the triax line. In this case, the desired matching is carried out, as a function of the wavelength 2~1/4 and X2/4 with respect to the two frequency bands to be transmitted, at the lower end of the feed and output-coupling apparatus, by means of the spur lines SL1, SL2, which are interleaved in coaxial form and are each short-circuited at their end, with the first short-circuiting line KS1, which is in the form of a sleeve, being located approximately in the axial center with respect to the electrical length of the coaxial spur line SL2 and being matched to the frequency band ranges of 900 MHz and 1800 MHz, which are to be transmitted in this exemplary embodiment.
The two short-circuited X/4 spur lines SL1 and SL2 which have beeri explained are thus connected in series such that the associated short-circuits KS1 and KS2 are each transformed to an open circuit at the connecting point 46 for the respective frequency band range.
Figure 6 shows that the design principle of the series-connected short-circuiting lines KS1 and KS2 can also be implemented in the opposite sequence, namely if the k2/4 spur line SL2 (with the outer conductor AL2) for the lower frequency is arranged on the outside, and the k1/4 spur line SL1 (with the outer conductor AL1) for the higher frequency is arranged (concentrically) on the inside of the first spur line. However, the design complexity for this is somewhat greater.
In addition to the exemplary embodiments which have been explained above, a number of short-circuited k/4 lines, for example three such lines, can also be interleaved in one another, thus feeding or providing output coupling for a number of frequency band ranges (for example three frequency bands).
Figure 7 will be used only to explain the design principle for the situation in which it is intended to feed three frequency bands, which are offset with respect to one another, into a corresponding multiple coaxial feed line 17, for which purpose a third short-circuiting connection KS3 :is provided for matchirig, with the assumption being made in this exemplary embodiment that the third short-circuit KS3 has a length k3/4 for the transmission of an even higher frequency band range.
An exemplary embodiment which is once again modified with respect to that shown in Figure 4 for a feed apparatus or output-coupling apparatus is illustrated in Figure 8, in which apparatus, for example, in additior,. to the exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 1, three antenna devices which are arranged one above the other can be fed jointly via one multiple coaxial cable line 17, with these antenna devices operating in two frequency band ranges. This is done in cascade form via two feed and output-coupling apparatuses, as explained with reference to Figure 4, each with appropriate matching between an outer outer conductor and an associated inner conductor which at the same time represents the outer conductor for the next inner inner conductor. In each of the envisaged stages, an outer conductor is connected by its associated inner conductor to a common potential in each case via the described feed apparatus or output-coupling apparatus 101 or 103, respectively, according to the invention. The exemplary embodiment in Figure 8 shows how this method can also be extended to a number of stages by further outer conductors AL1, AL2 and short-circuits KS3, KS4.
Figure 9 shows another feed and output-coupling apparatus for a single coaxial line 17, but provided with broadband lightning protection, in the illustrated exemplary embodiment for two frequency band ranges.
The function in this case corresponds to the exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 4, with the difference being that only a single inner conductor :15 is provided instead of the inner coaxial conductor 17a shown in Figure 4, so that this inner conductor _i.s passed through so that it runs without any curvature in the axial direction, and the two interleaved spur lines SL1 and SL2, which are once again short-circuited at the end, branch off at right angles from this coaxial line 17. With regard to the design and method of operation, reference is otherwise made to the exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 4 which, with regard to the outer coaxial conductor 17b illustrated in Figure 4 and the outer conductor :L5b and inner conductor 19b, can be transferred analogously to the exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 9.
are also each short--circuited to the end of the other dipole half at their inner ends which point towards one another. The outside of these dipole halves 25' and 25"
acts as a radiating element for this frequency, with the inside acting as detuning sleeves with respect to the next inner dipole halves. These detuning sleeves are, however, once again not effective for the dipole halves which are interleaved in one another.
In contrast to the exemplary embodiment shown in Figure la, a dipole half which is not in the form of a sleeve or hollow cylinder, or the like, that is to say a dipole half in the form of a rod, for example, could also be used instead of the upper, innermost dipole half 3', since this dipole half does not need to accommodate either a further dipole half or a feedline connection in its interior.
A multiband antenna as shown in Figure lb comprises a first antenna device A whose design corresponds to that of the antenna device shown in Figure la. The reference symbols used in Figure la are just given the suffix letter "a"' for the antenna device A in Figure lb.
The antenna device shown in Figure lb, however, also comprises a second multiband antenna device B, which is designed on the same principle, but for which the suffix letter "b" is used, rather than "a", for the first multiband antenna device A for the reference symbols for this second antenna device B.
In this embodiment, it is possible to feed both the dipole antennas 3a and 9a, which are arranged interleaved in one another, via a single coaxial connection 21a, at which a coaxial connecting line 52 is connected to an outer conductor 51 and an inner conductor 53, and the feed line 17, which starts from this point, and has the outer conductor 15a and the inner conductor 19a.
In an antenna such as that shown in Figure lb, it is thus desirable to have the capability to feed t:he upper multiband antenna device A, for example, via a triple coaxial line 17, that is to say via the inner coaxial line 17a with the inner conductor 19a and the outer conductor 15a, and to feed the lower antenna device B via the outer coaxial line 17b with the inner conductor 19b and the outer conductor 15b. In this case, the central coaxial conductor thus has two functions, firstly, it is the outer conductor 15a for the upper antenna device A and, at the same time, it is the inner conductor 19b for the lower antenna device B.
Since, however, the outer conductor 15a of the inner coaxial line is conniacted to ground (for example by the coaxial connecting link 21a), and this outer conductor 15a of the inner coaxial cable 17a at the same tirne represents the inner conductor 19b of the outer coaxial cable 17b, this m.eans that the inner and outer conductors 19b, 15b of the outer coaxial cable 17b all have the same potential, namely ground.
Additional technical measures are therefore required which allow a corresponding feed for operation of the upper and lower antenna devices A and B, respectively, and which also allow an inner conductor to be connected t:o the potential of the outer conductor.
A solution which is known from the prior art for a coaxial line 17 with an inner conductor 19 and an outer conductor 15 is shown in Figure 2, which has a coaxial spur line SL at a connecting point 46, the coaxial outer conductor AL of which spur line SL is electrically connected to the outer conductor 15, while its inner conductor IL is connected to the inner conductor 19 of the coaxial line 17. At the end of the spur line, the outer conductor AL is short-circuited to the associated inner conductor IL via a short-circu:it KS in the form of a sleeve, by which means the inner conductor 19 is thus connected to the outer conductor of the coaxial line 17. This is done, for a specif_Lc frequency or a specific frequency band, in such a manner that the electrical length of the coaxial spur line LS corresponds to 1= a,/4, where X is the 10 wavelength of the relevant frequency, or of the relevant frequency :band. However, this is only ever possible in a narrowband form for a specific frequency, and thus for a specific wavelength.
Should the antenna described in Figure 1 and 15 having an upper and a lower antenna device be operated in only one frequency band, then this can be achieved via a common multiple coaxial line with a feed apparatus or output-coupling apparatus according to the invention, as shown in Figure 3.
The exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 3 differs from Figure 2, inter alia, in that the coaxial line 17 makes a right-angle bend at the connectirlg point 46, that is tc> say coming from above, it is not routed downwards, as shown in Figure 2, but, as it continues, bends away to the left at the connectirig point 46. In the exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 3, the spur line which is shown in Figure 2 is shown lying in an axial extension of the coaxial connectirig line which runs vertically upward above the connectirig point 46. A further difference is that the inner conductor 19 shown in Figure 2 is replaced by a coaxial line 17a in Figure 3.
An electrical connection for the inner conductor 19a and for the outer conductor 15a of the inner coaxial line 17a for feeding the upper antenna device A can now be produced via a coaxial cable 52 which leads to a coaxial connection 21a and has an inner conductor 53 and an outer conductor 51, with the outer coaxial line 17b being fed appropriately via a second feed line 42 with an inner conductor 43 and an outer conductor 41, via a coaxial connection 21b and a coaxial intermediate line 62 with an inner conductor 63 and an outer conductor 61, for which purpose, finally, the inner conductor 63 of the second connecting line 42 is electrically connected to the inner conductor 19b, and the outer conductor 41 is connected to the outer conductor 15b, of the feed line 17b, at the connecting point 46. Thus, in the electrical sense, the intermediate line 62. represents the outer coaxial feed line 17b with the inner conductor 19b and the outer conductor 15b. If, as in this exemplary embodiment, the upper and lower antenna devices A and B, respecitvely, shown in Figure 1 are operated in only one frequency band range, then they are fed at the connecting point 46 in such a way that the length 1 of the coaxial spur line SL and of the associated outer conductor AL
corresponds to 1 = X/4 at the frequency under discussion. An open circuit is transformed at the connecting point 46 [lacuna] by the short-circuit KS, which is in the form of a sleeve, as a result of which the outer outer conductor 15b is electrically short-circuited to the inner outer conductor 15a. T:he corresponding antenna device can thus be fed for operation in one frequency band using the feed and output-coupling apparatus explained with reference 'to Figure 3.
However, in contrast, if the antenna described in Figure 1 is intended to be operated with two antenna devices A and B, arranged one above the other, in tiao frequency band ranges, then a feed apparatus or output-coupling apparatus as explained in Figure 4:is required, and this will be described in the following text.
For the antenna device, shown in Figure 1, for operation of, for example, two different frequency band ranges, two coaxial X/4 lines, which are each short-circuited via a respective short-circuit KS1 or KS2, are interleaved, with the outer X1/4 line SL1 being used for matching for the higher frequency (for example for transmission of the 1800 MHz frequency band range, for example PCN), and the inner ~,/4 line SL2 being used for matching for the lolraer frequency, for example for the 900 MHz band (for example GSM). In consequence, t:he outer conductor AL1 of the first spur line SLl is short-circuited at the end of the spur line (with respect to the feedpoint 46) by means of a radial short-circuit KS1, that is to say a short-circuit in the form of a ring or sleeve, to the outer conductor AL2 of the coaxial spur line SL2, and the outer conductor AL2 of the spur line SL2 is in turn short-circuited via a further radial short-circuit KS2, that is to say a short-circuit in the form of a ring or sleeve, to the inner conductor 19b of the outer coaxial line. The inner outer conductor AL2 ends freely, adjacent to the connecting point 46.
Thus, accorcling to the exemplary embodiment, the upper antenna device A is fed via a first coaxial cable connection 21a, with the inner conductor 53 merging into the inner conductor 19a and the outer conductor 51 of the connecting line 52 merging into the outer conductor 15a of the coaxial feed line 17a for the upper antenna device A.
The lower antenna device B is fed via a secorid coaxial cable connection 21b and a downstream intermediate line 42 with an associated outer conductor 41 and an inner conductor 43, in such a way that the inner conductor 43 is electrically connected to the inner conductor 19b of the coaxial feed line 17, and the outer conductor 41 of the second coaxial cable connecting line is electrically connected to the outer conductor 15b of the triax line. In this case, the desired matching is carried out, as a function of the wavelength 2~1/4 and X2/4 with respect to the two frequency bands to be transmitted, at the lower end of the feed and output-coupling apparatus, by means of the spur lines SL1, SL2, which are interleaved in coaxial form and are each short-circuited at their end, with the first short-circuiting line KS1, which is in the form of a sleeve, being located approximately in the axial center with respect to the electrical length of the coaxial spur line SL2 and being matched to the frequency band ranges of 900 MHz and 1800 MHz, which are to be transmitted in this exemplary embodiment.
The two short-circuited X/4 spur lines SL1 and SL2 which have beeri explained are thus connected in series such that the associated short-circuits KS1 and KS2 are each transformed to an open circuit at the connecting point 46 for the respective frequency band range.
Figure 6 shows that the design principle of the series-connected short-circuiting lines KS1 and KS2 can also be implemented in the opposite sequence, namely if the k2/4 spur line SL2 (with the outer conductor AL2) for the lower frequency is arranged on the outside, and the k1/4 spur line SL1 (with the outer conductor AL1) for the higher frequency is arranged (concentrically) on the inside of the first spur line. However, the design complexity for this is somewhat greater.
In addition to the exemplary embodiments which have been explained above, a number of short-circuited k/4 lines, for example three such lines, can also be interleaved in one another, thus feeding or providing output coupling for a number of frequency band ranges (for example three frequency bands).
Figure 7 will be used only to explain the design principle for the situation in which it is intended to feed three frequency bands, which are offset with respect to one another, into a corresponding multiple coaxial feed line 17, for which purpose a third short-circuiting connection KS3 :is provided for matchirig, with the assumption being made in this exemplary embodiment that the third short-circuit KS3 has a length k3/4 for the transmission of an even higher frequency band range.
An exemplary embodiment which is once again modified with respect to that shown in Figure 4 for a feed apparatus or output-coupling apparatus is illustrated in Figure 8, in which apparatus, for example, in additior,. to the exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 1, three antenna devices which are arranged one above the other can be fed jointly via one multiple coaxial cable line 17, with these antenna devices operating in two frequency band ranges. This is done in cascade form via two feed and output-coupling apparatuses, as explained with reference to Figure 4, each with appropriate matching between an outer outer conductor and an associated inner conductor which at the same time represents the outer conductor for the next inner inner conductor. In each of the envisaged stages, an outer conductor is connected by its associated inner conductor to a common potential in each case via the described feed apparatus or output-coupling apparatus 101 or 103, respectively, according to the invention. The exemplary embodiment in Figure 8 shows how this method can also be extended to a number of stages by further outer conductors AL1, AL2 and short-circuits KS3, KS4.
Figure 9 shows another feed and output-coupling apparatus for a single coaxial line 17, but provided with broadband lightning protection, in the illustrated exemplary embodiment for two frequency band ranges.
The function in this case corresponds to the exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 4, with the difference being that only a single inner conductor :15 is provided instead of the inner coaxial conductor 17a shown in Figure 4, so that this inner conductor _i.s passed through so that it runs without any curvature in the axial direction, and the two interleaved spur lines SL1 and SL2, which are once again short-circuited at the end, branch off at right angles from this coaxial line 17. With regard to the design and method of operation, reference is otherwise made to the exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 4 which, with regard to the outer coaxial conductor 17b illustrated in Figure 4 and the outer conductor :L5b and inner conductor 19b, can be transferred analogously to the exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 9.
Claims (41)
1. A multiband antenna arrangement comprising:
- a feed line arrangement, - at least a first antenna having a first operating frequency range, said first antenna including an inner dipole half that faces the feed line arrangement and an outer dipole half that faces away from the feed line arrangement, - at least a second antenna having a second operating frequency range higher than the first frequency range, said second antenna including an inner dipole half that faces the feed line arrangement and an outer dipole half that faces away from the feed line arrangement, wherein:
- the first antenna and the second antenna are integrated and interleaved with one another, with the first antenna dipole halves being disposed at least partially within the second antenna dipole halves, - the dipole halves are at least electrically in the form of sleeves or boxes, - the dipole halves have respective mutually adjacent inner ends that are short-circuited to one another, and - the dipole halves extend from said inner ends with lengths that are dependent on said operating frequency ranges.
- a feed line arrangement, - at least a first antenna having a first operating frequency range, said first antenna including an inner dipole half that faces the feed line arrangement and an outer dipole half that faces away from the feed line arrangement, - at least a second antenna having a second operating frequency range higher than the first frequency range, said second antenna including an inner dipole half that faces the feed line arrangement and an outer dipole half that faces away from the feed line arrangement, wherein:
- the first antenna and the second antenna are integrated and interleaved with one another, with the first antenna dipole halves being disposed at least partially within the second antenna dipole halves, - the dipole halves are at least electrically in the form of sleeves or boxes, - the dipole halves have respective mutually adjacent inner ends that are short-circuited to one another, and - the dipole halves extend from said inner ends with lengths that are dependent on said operating frequency ranges.
2. The multiband antenna of claim 1, wherein the dipole halves are arranged coaxially with respect to one another.
3. The multiband antenna of claim 1, wherein the dipole halves are circular.
4. The multiband antenna of claim 1, wherein the dipole halves are polygonal.
5. The multiband antenna of claim 1, wherein the dipole halves are polygonal with n sides.
6. The multiband antenna of claim 1, wherein the dipole halves are oval in a cross section transverse with respect to a longitudinal extent thereof.
7. The multiband antenna of claim 1, further including an electrically conductive dipole wall for short-circuiting the dipole halves, the wall being closed in a circumferential direction transversely with respect to a longitudinal extent of said dipole halves.
8. The multiband antenna of claim 1, further including an electrically conductive dipole wall provided in a circumferential direction transversely with respect to a longitudinal extent of the dipole halves, said wall being broken down into a number of individual elements which are electrically short-circuited to one another at respective inner ends of corresponding dipole halves.
9. The multiband antenna of claim 1, wherein the feed line arrangement has a common connection that feeds the first and second antennas.
10. The multiband antenna of claim 1, wherein the feed line arrangement has a common coaxial line that feeds the first and second antennas.
11. The multiband antenna according to claim 10, wherein the coaxial line provides a mechanical support and holder for the multiband antenna, the coaxial line comprising a vertical tube.
12. The multiband antenna according to claim 10, wherein the coaxial line includes an outer conductor that feeds, mechanically supports and holds said dipole halves.
13. The multiband antenna of claim 1, wherein the feed line arrangement includes an inner conductor and an outer conductor, the inner conductor projecting at least slightly beyond the outer conductor, the inner conductor feeding plural dipole halves, said inner conductor including a projecting end that mechanically holds and supports said plural dipole halves.
14. The multiband antenna of claim 1, further including at least a third antenna integrated therein.
15. The multiband antenna of claim 14, wherein the third antenna comprises dipole halves comprising sleeves.
16. The multiband antenna of claim 14, wherein the third antenna has an innermost enclosure portion, and the feed line arrangement passes axially through the third antenna within the innermost enclosure portion thereof to extend to the first and second antennas.
17. The multiband antenna of claim 14, wherein the feed line arrangement comprises a multiple coaxial line having an outer coaxial conductor and an inner conductor, the third antenna having at least one dipole half in proximity to the feed line arrangement, the outer coaxial conductor being connected to a third antenna dipole half in proximity to the feed line, the inner conductor being connected to at least one further third antenna dipole half, the inner conductor providing an outer coaxial conductor for a further inner conductor, said further inner conductor feeding at least one of the first and second antennas.
18. The multiband antenna of claim 17, wherein the inner conductor extends from the third antenna and is connected to said dipole half of the first antenna and said dipole half of the second antenna.
19. The multiband antenna according to claim 17, wherein the feed line arrangement comprises at least one triax line having an outer coaxial line and an inner coaxial line, the outer coaxial line having an inner conductor that forms an outer coaxial conductor for the inner coaxial line.
20. The multiband antenna according to claim 14, wherein the feed line arrangement comprises a multiple coaxial feed line having 2 n lines which are electrically isolated from one another.
21. The multiband antenna according to claim 14, wherein the feed line arrangement comprises:
- a multiple coaxial feed line having an outer conductor and an inner conductor, - a spur line branching off from the coaxial feed line, the spur line comprising at least inner and outer interleaved coaxial spur lines, the outer coaxial spur line having an electrical length corresponding to .lambda.1/4, where .lambda.1 corresponds to, or is matched to, a wavelength of the first frequency range, the inner coaxial spur line having an electrical length corresponding to .lambda.2/4, where .lambda.2 corresponds to, or is matched to, a wavelength of the second frequency range, - the outer coaxial spur line having an outer conductor with an end, the inner coaxial spur line having an outer conductor with an end and also having an inner conductor, said outer coaxial spur line outer conductor end being short-circuited via a first short-circuit connection to the inner coaxial spur line outer conductor, the inner coaxial spur line outer conductor end being connected via a second short-circuit connection to the inner coaxial spur line inner conductor, - the outer coaxial spur line outer conductor being connected to the coaxial feed line outer conductor, the inner coaxial spur line inner conductor being electrically connected at a connecting point to the feed line inner conductor, and - the feed line arrangement being matched for at least the two operating frequency ranges.
- a multiple coaxial feed line having an outer conductor and an inner conductor, - a spur line branching off from the coaxial feed line, the spur line comprising at least inner and outer interleaved coaxial spur lines, the outer coaxial spur line having an electrical length corresponding to .lambda.1/4, where .lambda.1 corresponds to, or is matched to, a wavelength of the first frequency range, the inner coaxial spur line having an electrical length corresponding to .lambda.2/4, where .lambda.2 corresponds to, or is matched to, a wavelength of the second frequency range, - the outer coaxial spur line having an outer conductor with an end, the inner coaxial spur line having an outer conductor with an end and also having an inner conductor, said outer coaxial spur line outer conductor end being short-circuited via a first short-circuit connection to the inner coaxial spur line outer conductor, the inner coaxial spur line outer conductor end being connected via a second short-circuit connection to the inner coaxial spur line inner conductor, - the outer coaxial spur line outer conductor being connected to the coaxial feed line outer conductor, the inner coaxial spur line inner conductor being electrically connected at a connecting point to the feed line inner conductor, and - the feed line arrangement being matched for at least the two operating frequency ranges.
22. The multiband antenna according to claim 21, wherein the inner and outer spur lines run transversely away from the coaxial feed line, and the multiband antenna further includes a connecting point for routing the inner and outer spur lines.
23. The multiband antenna according to claim 22, wherein the inner and outer spur lines run transversely in an axial extension beyond the connecting point.
24. The multiband antenna according to claim 21, wherein the feed line arrangement comprises at least one triax line, and the inner spur line inner conductor comprises a coaxial feed which passes through the second short-circuit connection.
25. The multiband antenna according to claim 21, wherein the outer coaxial spur line outer conductor is electrically connected to the outer coaxial feed line outer conductor, and the inner spur line inner conductor forms the inner feed line outer conductor and is electrically connected at a connecting point to the outer feed line inner conductor.
26. The multiband antenna according to claim 21, wherein the first and second short-circuit connections comprise rings.
27. The multiband antenna according to claim 21, wherein the first and second short-circuit connections comprise sleeves.
28. The multiband antenna according to claim 21, wherein an electrical length of said first and second interleaved spur lines are dimensions in dependence on the first and second operating frequency ranges so as to electrically transform said short-circuit connections to electrical open circuit connections.
29. The multiband antenna according to claim 21, wherein the first short-circuit connection has a greater axial length than the second short-circuit connection.
30. The multiband antenna of claim 29, wherein the first short-circuit connection is located outside, and coaxially surrounds the second short-circuit connection.
31. The multiband antenna of claim 29, wherein the first short-circuit connection is located inside, and is coaxially surrounded by the second short-circuit connection.
32. The multiband antenna according to claim 21, wherein the first and second short-circuit connections comprise sleeves that run radially with respect to, and are offset in the longitudinal direction of, the multiple coaxial feed line.
33. The multiband antenna of claim 1, wherein the feed line arrangement comprises an inner feed line, a connecting point, and an outer feed line having an inner conductor connected to the connecting point, the inner feed line running in a straight direction via the connecting point.
34. The multiband antenna of claim 1, wherein the feed line arrangement comprises:
- a multiple coaxial line including at least one inner coaxial line having an inner conductor and an outer conductor, and at least one further axial outer conductor surrounding the inner coaxial line and having a connecting point defined thereon, and - a second coaxial connecting line having an inner conductor, - wherein said further axial outer conductor has an outlet opening, the second coaxial connecting line inner conductor being routed through said outlet opening to said connecting point.
- a multiple coaxial line including at least one inner coaxial line having an inner conductor and an outer conductor, and at least one further axial outer conductor surrounding the inner coaxial line and having a connecting point defined thereon, and - a second coaxial connecting line having an inner conductor, - wherein said further axial outer conductor has an outlet opening, the second coaxial connecting line inner conductor being routed through said outlet opening to said connecting point.
35. The multiband antenna of claim 1, wherein the feed line arrangement comprises a multiple coaxial line having at least one inner conductor, at least one outer conductor, and a connection that connects said at least one inner conductor and said at least one outer conductor to a same potential.
36. The multiband antenna of claim 35, wherein said potential comprises ground potential.
37. The multiband antenna according to claim 35, wherein said connection comprises a broadband connection.
38. The multiband antenna according to claim 35, wherein said connection couples at least said two operating frequency ranges.
39. The multiband antenna of claim 35, wherein the feed line arrangement is matched over a broadband for at least the first and second frequency ranges.
40. An antenna structure for use with a first frequency range and a second frequency band lower than said first frequency range, said antenna structure comprising:
- a first antenna for use at the first frequency range, said first antenna including first and second dipole halves comprising sleeves, - a second antenna for use at the second frequency range, said second antenna comprising first and second dipole halves comprising sleeves, - the first and second antennas being arranged such that they are integrated and interleaved in one another, said second antenna dipole halves being disposed within said first antenna dipole halves, - at least some of the dipole halves being short-circuited at their respective mutually adjacent inner ends and extending therefrom with lengths dependent on the first and second frequency bands, respectively.
- a first antenna for use at the first frequency range, said first antenna including first and second dipole halves comprising sleeves, - a second antenna for use at the second frequency range, said second antenna comprising first and second dipole halves comprising sleeves, - the first and second antennas being arranged such that they are integrated and interleaved in one another, said second antenna dipole halves being disposed within said first antenna dipole halves, - at least some of the dipole halves being short-circuited at their respective mutually adjacent inner ends and extending therefrom with lengths dependent on the first and second frequency bands, respectively.
41. The antenna structure of claim 40, wherein said frequency ranges are in different frequency bands.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19920978 | 1999-05-06 | ||
| DE19920980.4 | 1999-05-06 | ||
| DE19920980A DE19920980C2 (en) | 1999-05-06 | 1999-05-06 | Feeding or decoupling device for a coaxial line, in particular for a multiple coaxial line |
| DE19920978.2 | 1999-05-06 | ||
| PCT/EP2000/003999 WO2000069018A1 (en) | 1999-05-06 | 2000-05-04 | Multi-frequency band antenna |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2336613A1 CA2336613A1 (en) | 2000-11-16 |
| CA2336613C true CA2336613C (en) | 2008-02-19 |
Family
ID=26053260
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002336613A Expired - Fee Related CA2336613C (en) | 1999-05-06 | 2000-05-04 | Multi-frequency band antenna |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6421024B1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1095426B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2002544692A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100610995B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1171353C (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE381794T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU762334B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR0006101A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2336613C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE50014859D1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2296620T3 (en) |
| HK (1) | HK1039217A1 (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ508835A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2000069018A1 (en) |
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| CN101188325B (en) | 1999-09-20 | 2013-06-05 | 弗拉克托斯股份有限公司 | Multi-level antenna |
| US6552692B1 (en) * | 2001-10-30 | 2003-04-22 | Andrew Corporation | Dual band sleeve dipole antenna |
| EP1470612B1 (en) * | 2002-01-31 | 2008-08-13 | Galtronics Ltd. | Multi-band sleeve dipole antenna |
| CN100369322C (en) * | 2003-02-09 | 2008-02-13 | 垠旺精密股份有限公司 | Plane surface multiple frequency band omnidirectional radiation field antenna |
| TWI251957B (en) * | 2004-03-26 | 2006-03-21 | Hon Hai Prec Ind Co Ltd | Dual-band dipole antenna |
| CN2766358Y (en) * | 2004-04-29 | 2006-03-22 | 富士康(昆山)电脑接插件有限公司 | Dual-frequency dipole antenna |
| US7868843B2 (en) * | 2004-08-31 | 2011-01-11 | Fractus, S.A. | Slim multi-band antenna array for cellular base stations |
| TWI241745B (en) * | 2004-12-24 | 2005-10-11 | Advanced Connectek Inc | Ultra-wideband dipole antenna |
| JP4308786B2 (en) * | 2005-02-24 | 2009-08-05 | パナソニック株式会社 | Portable radio |
| WO2007042938A2 (en) * | 2005-10-14 | 2007-04-19 | Fractus, Sa | Slim triple band antenna array for cellular base stations |
| US20070139289A1 (en) * | 2005-12-20 | 2007-06-21 | Arcadyan Technology Corporation | Dipole antenna |
| KR100688283B1 (en) * | 2006-01-17 | 2007-03-02 | (주)에이스안테나 | Wireless communication antenna |
| US7327325B2 (en) * | 2006-04-14 | 2008-02-05 | Spx Corporation | Vertically polarized traveling wave antenna apparatus and method |
| US7586453B2 (en) * | 2006-12-19 | 2009-09-08 | Bae Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration Inc. | Vehicular multiband antenna |
| JP5048012B2 (en) * | 2008-05-12 | 2012-10-17 | 日本アンテナ株式会社 | Collinear antenna |
| EP2385584A1 (en) * | 2009-02-02 | 2011-11-09 | Panasonic Corporation | Antenna and reception apparatus provided with antenna |
| KR101038655B1 (en) * | 2010-02-10 | 2011-06-02 | 주식회사 모비텍 | Multi-band rod antenna convertible of operating frequency with broadband using coupling |
| CN101908669A (en) * | 2010-06-30 | 2010-12-08 | 苏州市吴通天线有限公司 | Four-branch multi-frequency cylindrical dipole antenna |
| CN102447160A (en) * | 2010-10-10 | 2012-05-09 | 四川九洲电器集团有限责任公司 | Novel broadband omni-directional array antenna radiating element |
| US8593363B2 (en) | 2011-01-27 | 2013-11-26 | Tdk Corporation | End-fed sleeve dipole antenna comprising a ¾-wave transformer |
| US8497808B2 (en) * | 2011-04-08 | 2013-07-30 | Wang Electro-Opto Corporation | Ultra-wideband miniaturized omnidirectional antennas via multi-mode three-dimensional (3-D) traveling-wave (TW) |
| CN103545609B (en) * | 2013-11-06 | 2016-03-02 | 中国计量学院 | Tree-form branch structure three-frequency-band antenna |
| US9778368B2 (en) | 2014-09-07 | 2017-10-03 | Trimble Inc. | Satellite navigation using side by side antennas |
| CN109962341A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2019-07-02 | 网件公司 | Antenna structure and relevant building and application method |
| CN108183322B (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2024-02-06 | 东莞市仁丰电子科技有限公司 | Multiband three-in-one antenna |
| US11024982B2 (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2021-06-01 | Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Ltd. | Antenna apparatus |
| US11469502B2 (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2022-10-11 | Viavi Solutions Inc. | Ultra-wideband mobile mount antenna apparatus having a capacitive ground structure-based matching structure |
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| US3022507A (en) | 1953-10-29 | 1962-02-20 | Antenna Engineering Lab | Multi-frequency antenna |
| SE402187B (en) * | 1975-12-18 | 1978-06-19 | Philips Svenska Ab | BROADBAND DIPOLANT ANT |
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| JPH0736488B2 (en) * | 1987-01-14 | 1995-04-19 | 松下電工株式会社 | Phase difference feed type antenna |
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| US5248988A (en) * | 1989-12-12 | 1993-09-28 | Nippon Antenna Co., Ltd. | Antenna used for a plurality of frequencies in common |
| US5440317A (en) * | 1993-05-17 | 1995-08-08 | At&T Corp. | Antenna assembly for a portable transceiver |
| US5521608A (en) * | 1994-02-24 | 1996-05-28 | Rockwell International | Multibay coplanar direction finding antenna |
| US5604506A (en) * | 1994-12-13 | 1997-02-18 | Trimble Navigation Limited | Dual frequency vertical antenna |
| KR19990001739A (en) * | 1997-06-17 | 1999-01-15 | 윤종용 | Dual band antenna for mobile communication |
-
2000
- 2000-05-04 EP EP00931113A patent/EP1095426B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-05-04 JP JP2000617517A patent/JP2002544692A/en active Pending
- 2000-05-04 KR KR1020007014524A patent/KR100610995B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-05-04 AU AU49166/00A patent/AU762334B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-05-04 AT AT00931113T patent/ATE381794T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-05-04 BR BR0006101-8A patent/BR0006101A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-05-04 NZ NZ508835A patent/NZ508835A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-05-04 CN CNB008007780A patent/CN1171353C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-05-04 WO PCT/EP2000/003999 patent/WO2000069018A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-05-04 CA CA002336613A patent/CA2336613C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-05-04 DE DE50014859T patent/DE50014859D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-05-04 US US09/743,092 patent/US6421024B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-05-04 ES ES00931113T patent/ES2296620T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-12-14 HK HK01108797A patent/HK1039217A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| HK1039217A1 (en) | 2002-04-12 |
| US6421024B1 (en) | 2002-07-16 |
| KR20010053060A (en) | 2001-06-25 |
| AU762334B2 (en) | 2003-06-26 |
| EP1095426A1 (en) | 2001-05-02 |
| ATE381794T1 (en) | 2008-01-15 |
| KR100610995B1 (en) | 2006-08-10 |
| NZ508835A (en) | 2002-11-26 |
| CA2336613A1 (en) | 2000-11-16 |
| AU4916600A (en) | 2000-11-21 |
| WO2000069018A1 (en) | 2000-11-16 |
| ES2296620T3 (en) | 2008-05-01 |
| JP2002544692A (en) | 2002-12-24 |
| EP1095426B1 (en) | 2007-12-19 |
| DE50014859D1 (en) | 2008-01-31 |
| CN1171353C (en) | 2004-10-13 |
| BR0006101A (en) | 2001-04-03 |
| CN1304564A (en) | 2001-07-18 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |
Effective date: 20170504 |