CA2304644C - A process and a device for the preparation of silicone emulsions - Google Patents
A process and a device for the preparation of silicone emulsions Download PDFInfo
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- CA2304644C CA2304644C CA002304644A CA2304644A CA2304644C CA 2304644 C CA2304644 C CA 2304644C CA 002304644 A CA002304644 A CA 002304644A CA 2304644 A CA2304644 A CA 2304644A CA 2304644 C CA2304644 C CA 2304644C
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/02—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques
- C08J3/03—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in aqueous media
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
- B01F23/45—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying using flow mixing
- B01F23/451—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying using flow mixing by injecting one liquid into another
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/30—Injector mixers
- B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
- B01F25/312—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof
- B01F25/3121—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof with additional mixing means other than injector mixers, e.g. screens, baffles or rotating elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/30—Injector mixers
- B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
- B01F25/312—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof
- B01F25/3124—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof characterised by the place of introduction of the main flow
- B01F25/31243—Eductor or eductor-type venturi, i.e. the main flow being injected through the venturi with high speed in the form of a jet
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/40—Static mixers
- B01F25/45—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/40—Static mixers
- B01F25/45—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads
- B01F25/452—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads characterised by elements provided with orifices or interstitial spaces
- B01F25/4521—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads characterised by elements provided with orifices or interstitial spaces the components being pressed through orifices in elements, e.g. flat plates or cylinders, which obstruct the whole diameter of the tube
- B01F25/45211—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads characterised by elements provided with orifices or interstitial spaces the components being pressed through orifices in elements, e.g. flat plates or cylinders, which obstruct the whole diameter of the tube the elements being cylinders or cones which obstruct the whole diameter of the tube, the flow changing from axial in radial and again in axial
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
- B01F33/80—Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
- B01F33/834—Mixing in several steps, e.g. successive steps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
- B01F23/41—Emulsifying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2383/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2383/04—Polysiloxanes
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- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device for producing a silicone and/or silane emulsion consisting of an active component containing silicone and/or silane, and an aqueous phase. Said device comprises a first mixing station for the emulsion components which are delivered by pumps (P],P2,P3) from reservoirs (VA, VB, VC), and is characterised in that said first mixing station has a mixing device (Ml) wherein nozzles (2,4) mix a jet of the active agent (1) with the aqueous phase (3) t o produce a preliminary emulsion. The invention also relates to a method for producing fine-particle, stable silicone emulsions, especially fo r producing oil-in-water emulsions containing as little emulsifier as possible, and to emulsions produced according to said method.
Description
A yirocess and a device for the preparation of silicone emulsions The invention relates to a device and to a process for the preparation of fine-particle and stable silicone emulsions, particularly for the preparation of oil in water emulsions with the lowest possible emulsifier content.
A number of processes are known for the emulsification of insoluble silicones and silanes in water. Generally speaking, prior to the actual homogenisation, either small quantities of water are stirred slowly into the silicone in which the emulsifier is finely dispersed, so that a water in oil emulsion is obtained which is inverted by dilution afterwards with water before it is homogenised to a fine-particle emulsion in a special plant, under th: action of shear forces, or the silicone is introduced slowly, with stirring, into an aqueous emulsifier mixture before the resulting coarse-particle emulsion undergoes actual homogenisation.
The mixture initially stirred together may already be a sufficiently stable emulsion, depending on the nature of the process and the active substance, the emulsifier concentration, the stirring energy introduced and, above all, the time invested. As a rule, these emulsions, which are known as pre-emulsions, are coarse-particle, however, and must be passed immediately to the actual homogenisation due to lack of stability. Homogenising devices and processes are described in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry Vol A9 Edition 1987, page 309 to 310. The preparation of the pre-emulsion takes place in stirring units and is the rate determining step, depending on the type of downstream homogenising machine.
Further processes for the preparation of silicone emulsions are known from EP-A-043 091 and EP-A 0 579 458. In the process of EP-A-043 091, the entire amount of silicone is fed to a little water with all the emulsifier, so that a high-viscosity paste or a gel is obtained which is then converted to the final emulsion by dilution.
A number of processes are known for the emulsification of insoluble silicones and silanes in water. Generally speaking, prior to the actual homogenisation, either small quantities of water are stirred slowly into the silicone in which the emulsifier is finely dispersed, so that a water in oil emulsion is obtained which is inverted by dilution afterwards with water before it is homogenised to a fine-particle emulsion in a special plant, under th: action of shear forces, or the silicone is introduced slowly, with stirring, into an aqueous emulsifier mixture before the resulting coarse-particle emulsion undergoes actual homogenisation.
The mixture initially stirred together may already be a sufficiently stable emulsion, depending on the nature of the process and the active substance, the emulsifier concentration, the stirring energy introduced and, above all, the time invested. As a rule, these emulsions, which are known as pre-emulsions, are coarse-particle, however, and must be passed immediately to the actual homogenisation due to lack of stability. Homogenising devices and processes are described in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry Vol A9 Edition 1987, page 309 to 310. The preparation of the pre-emulsion takes place in stirring units and is the rate determining step, depending on the type of downstream homogenising machine.
Further processes for the preparation of silicone emulsions are known from EP-A-043 091 and EP-A 0 579 458. In the process of EP-A-043 091, the entire amount of silicone is fed to a little water with all the emulsifier, so that a high-viscosity paste or a gel is obtained which is then converted to the final emulsion by dilution.
The preparation of the pre-emulsion according to the conventional processes by the addition of the siloxane or silane to the excess water/emulsifier phase becomes problematic, particularly if silicon compounds are used, which may be composed of both monomeric, linear and resin-like structures optionally diluted with low molecular weight siloxanes or organic compounds, if these structures are capable, in principle, of reacting with the aqueous phase. These include, for example, alkylalkoxysilanes, resins bearing alkoxy groups, and optionally mixtures of the two.
A further problem lies in the fact that the preparation of the pre-emulsion according to the known processes is particularly time-consuming. The feed of the siloxane component into the aqueous phase takes place in a controlled manner with stirring, i.e. in such a ma~-uisr that optimum mixing is obtained. This does not permit a rapid addition.
The first molecules of the active substance meet a huge excess of water which approaches the desired concentrations only during the course of time, and provides a coarse-particle, unstable pre-emulsion which must be fed to the homogeniser as quickly as possible.
r 20 During this addition, water-sensitive components, if used, are protected only inadequately from the attack of the aqueous phase, even if the latter is buffered, so that the reaction of the corresponding components amongst themselves may occur.
This may cause the subsequent homogenisation to be more difficult due to a condensation process, followed by a build up of viscosity in the resulting coarse emulsion particles, or may cause the pre-emulsion to become so unstable that it can no longer be fed to the homogeniser. Although this shortcoming may be counteracted by a substantial increase in the emulsifier (in the region of 5%), this leads to unwanted results in many applications and to environmental pollution.
_.------~___._~___ Moreover, e.g. in the case of alkylalkoxysilan.es, hydrolysis and condensation reactions during emulsification usually lead to the ineffectiveness of the resulting emulsion during use, and thus to its unsuitability.
If the pre-emulsion is prepared by way of a paste or a gel, which are diluted afterwards in a special process, emulsions with low average particle sizes can be prepared in cases where no importance is attached to emulsifier contents, although no details are given about the particle size distribution thereof.
As there are a number of silicone active substances which provide pastes only to an unsatisfactory degree, at least with the emulsifier quantities required, these processes are restricted ua terms of their range of application. Moreover, a number of emulsions such as, e.g., defoamer emulsions or emulsions with a low emulsifier content (<5%) and at the same time a low active substance content (<_ 20%) cannot be prepared satisfactorily according to this process. So emulsions with very large particles in the region of 3-60 m are obtained in a very time-consuming manner in the process according to EP 0 579 458 (see examples therein).
The object of the present invention was, therefore, to provide a rapid and thus economic process which does not have the disadvantages described and permits the preparation of fine-particle emulsions with narrow particle size distributions and low emulsifier contents and low to high concentrations of active substance, and to provide a device suitable for said process. Water-sensitive active substances were to lead to stable - even for more than a year - and above all effective emulsions.
A particular aim, i.a. in order to achieve high reproducibility, was to bring the quantities of emulsion required for a certain surface coating of the active substance particles into contact ab initio with the active substance and to match the mechanical energy hereto. This presupposed a process with emulsifying devices that can be described precisely mathematically. Devices that are greatly affected by the residence time are unsuitable (e.g. stirring units, etc.).
Finally, the energy to be introduced was to cover a broad range - a situation which could be achieved hitherto only by means of several devices with different structures. It is thus possible to prepare, in the same plant, emulsions which have to be protected from a high energy input, - e.g. defoamer emulsions - as well as emulsions which require a multiple of the energy supplied by conventional homogenisers.
The object in question could be achieved by means of a device composed of storage vessels, pumps and nozzles, hereinafter referred to as a mixing station. It proved to be particularly advantageous if this mixing station was followed by a jet disperser of the kind described for the preparation of pharmaceutical or cosmetic dispersions (Bayer AG / EP 0 101 007).
The invention relates, therefore, to a device for the preparation of a silicone, silane or silicone/silane emulsion composed of a silicone-containing and/or silane-containing active substance component and an aqueous phase (component), with a first mixing station for the emulsion components fed via pumps P1, P2, P3 from storage tanks (VA, VB, VC), the first mixing station having a mixing apparatus Ml in which nozzles 2,4 mix a jet of active substance with the aqueous phase 3 to a pre-emulsion (see Fig. 1 and 2).
In a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, the first mixing station is connected to a high-pressure homogeniser, the high-pressure homogeniser containing the pre-emulsion leaving the mixing station.
The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of fine-particle aqueous silicone and/or silane emulsions with a narrow particle size distribution, comprising - the preparation of a pre-emulsion by injecting the silicone and/or silane component into an aqueous phase containing emulsifier in a mixing station and - homogenisation in a high-pressure homogeniser, 5 and the emulsions of silicone compounds and/or silanes which may be obtained according to this process.
In particular, the invention relates to a process for the preparation of fine-particle aqueous silicone and/or silane emulsions with a U90 value of less than 1.2 (i.e. with a narrow particle size distribution), comprising - the preparation of a pre-emulsion by injecting the silicone and/or silane component into an aqueous phase containing emulsifier in a mixing station, whereby a pressure difference of a maximum of 10 bar is maintained between both streams, depending on the nozzle dimensions, with an absolute pressure drop of less than 100 bar, and - homogenisation of the pre-emulsion.
The invention also relates to a device for the preparation of an aqueous emulsion comprising an active substance component and an aqueous phase, said active component is selected from a silicone and a silane, with a first mixing station for the emulsion components fed by means of pumps from storage tanks wherein - the first mixing station has a mixing apparatus, in which nozzles comprising a first nozzle and a second nozzle, mix a jet of active substance with the aqueous phase to a pre-emulsion, - the distance between the nozzles is 1 to 10 times the diameter of the second nozzle, 5a - the diameter of the second nozzle is about 2 to 3 times as large as the diameter of the first nozzle, - the mixing station is connected to a jet disperser, whereby the jet disperser receives the pre-emulsion leaving the mixing station, - the pressure drop in the jet disperser is between 2 and 1000 bar, and - an intermediate container acting as a buffer vessel is connected to the mixing apparatus, and wherein the jet disperser receives the pre-emulsion via the intermediate container.
The invention further relates to a process for the preparation of fine-particle aqueous emulsions comprising an active component selected from a silicone and a silane with a Uyo value of less than 1.2 using the device as described herein, comprising - the preparation of the pre-emulsion by injecting the active component selected from silicone and silane into the aqueous phase containing emulsifier in the mixing station, whereby a pressure difference depending on the nozzle dimensions of a maximum of 10 bar is maintained between the two streams with an absolute pressure drop of less than 100 bar, - the homogenisation of the pre-emulsion is accomplished by means of the jet disperser, whereby the U90 value is determined according to the following formula:
d90 - d 10 U90 d50 in which dlO represents the diameter of the smallest and d90 represents the diameter of the largest particles remaining 5b after subtraction of 10% by weight of the particles with the smallest and the largest diameters from a given quantity of particles, and in which the d50-value represents the diameter of the particle, that is larger as 50% by weight of all the particles and smaller than 50% by weight of all the particles.
The present invention is explained in more detail by the attached Figures and Examples.
Fig. 1 shows a mixing station;
Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of the device according to the invention with a high-pressure homogeniser;
Fig. 3 shows the nozzle arrangement of a jet disperser;
A further problem lies in the fact that the preparation of the pre-emulsion according to the known processes is particularly time-consuming. The feed of the siloxane component into the aqueous phase takes place in a controlled manner with stirring, i.e. in such a ma~-uisr that optimum mixing is obtained. This does not permit a rapid addition.
The first molecules of the active substance meet a huge excess of water which approaches the desired concentrations only during the course of time, and provides a coarse-particle, unstable pre-emulsion which must be fed to the homogeniser as quickly as possible.
r 20 During this addition, water-sensitive components, if used, are protected only inadequately from the attack of the aqueous phase, even if the latter is buffered, so that the reaction of the corresponding components amongst themselves may occur.
This may cause the subsequent homogenisation to be more difficult due to a condensation process, followed by a build up of viscosity in the resulting coarse emulsion particles, or may cause the pre-emulsion to become so unstable that it can no longer be fed to the homogeniser. Although this shortcoming may be counteracted by a substantial increase in the emulsifier (in the region of 5%), this leads to unwanted results in many applications and to environmental pollution.
_.------~___._~___ Moreover, e.g. in the case of alkylalkoxysilan.es, hydrolysis and condensation reactions during emulsification usually lead to the ineffectiveness of the resulting emulsion during use, and thus to its unsuitability.
If the pre-emulsion is prepared by way of a paste or a gel, which are diluted afterwards in a special process, emulsions with low average particle sizes can be prepared in cases where no importance is attached to emulsifier contents, although no details are given about the particle size distribution thereof.
As there are a number of silicone active substances which provide pastes only to an unsatisfactory degree, at least with the emulsifier quantities required, these processes are restricted ua terms of their range of application. Moreover, a number of emulsions such as, e.g., defoamer emulsions or emulsions with a low emulsifier content (<5%) and at the same time a low active substance content (<_ 20%) cannot be prepared satisfactorily according to this process. So emulsions with very large particles in the region of 3-60 m are obtained in a very time-consuming manner in the process according to EP 0 579 458 (see examples therein).
The object of the present invention was, therefore, to provide a rapid and thus economic process which does not have the disadvantages described and permits the preparation of fine-particle emulsions with narrow particle size distributions and low emulsifier contents and low to high concentrations of active substance, and to provide a device suitable for said process. Water-sensitive active substances were to lead to stable - even for more than a year - and above all effective emulsions.
A particular aim, i.a. in order to achieve high reproducibility, was to bring the quantities of emulsion required for a certain surface coating of the active substance particles into contact ab initio with the active substance and to match the mechanical energy hereto. This presupposed a process with emulsifying devices that can be described precisely mathematically. Devices that are greatly affected by the residence time are unsuitable (e.g. stirring units, etc.).
Finally, the energy to be introduced was to cover a broad range - a situation which could be achieved hitherto only by means of several devices with different structures. It is thus possible to prepare, in the same plant, emulsions which have to be protected from a high energy input, - e.g. defoamer emulsions - as well as emulsions which require a multiple of the energy supplied by conventional homogenisers.
The object in question could be achieved by means of a device composed of storage vessels, pumps and nozzles, hereinafter referred to as a mixing station. It proved to be particularly advantageous if this mixing station was followed by a jet disperser of the kind described for the preparation of pharmaceutical or cosmetic dispersions (Bayer AG / EP 0 101 007).
The invention relates, therefore, to a device for the preparation of a silicone, silane or silicone/silane emulsion composed of a silicone-containing and/or silane-containing active substance component and an aqueous phase (component), with a first mixing station for the emulsion components fed via pumps P1, P2, P3 from storage tanks (VA, VB, VC), the first mixing station having a mixing apparatus Ml in which nozzles 2,4 mix a jet of active substance with the aqueous phase 3 to a pre-emulsion (see Fig. 1 and 2).
In a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, the first mixing station is connected to a high-pressure homogeniser, the high-pressure homogeniser containing the pre-emulsion leaving the mixing station.
The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of fine-particle aqueous silicone and/or silane emulsions with a narrow particle size distribution, comprising - the preparation of a pre-emulsion by injecting the silicone and/or silane component into an aqueous phase containing emulsifier in a mixing station and - homogenisation in a high-pressure homogeniser, 5 and the emulsions of silicone compounds and/or silanes which may be obtained according to this process.
In particular, the invention relates to a process for the preparation of fine-particle aqueous silicone and/or silane emulsions with a U90 value of less than 1.2 (i.e. with a narrow particle size distribution), comprising - the preparation of a pre-emulsion by injecting the silicone and/or silane component into an aqueous phase containing emulsifier in a mixing station, whereby a pressure difference of a maximum of 10 bar is maintained between both streams, depending on the nozzle dimensions, with an absolute pressure drop of less than 100 bar, and - homogenisation of the pre-emulsion.
The invention also relates to a device for the preparation of an aqueous emulsion comprising an active substance component and an aqueous phase, said active component is selected from a silicone and a silane, with a first mixing station for the emulsion components fed by means of pumps from storage tanks wherein - the first mixing station has a mixing apparatus, in which nozzles comprising a first nozzle and a second nozzle, mix a jet of active substance with the aqueous phase to a pre-emulsion, - the distance between the nozzles is 1 to 10 times the diameter of the second nozzle, 5a - the diameter of the second nozzle is about 2 to 3 times as large as the diameter of the first nozzle, - the mixing station is connected to a jet disperser, whereby the jet disperser receives the pre-emulsion leaving the mixing station, - the pressure drop in the jet disperser is between 2 and 1000 bar, and - an intermediate container acting as a buffer vessel is connected to the mixing apparatus, and wherein the jet disperser receives the pre-emulsion via the intermediate container.
The invention further relates to a process for the preparation of fine-particle aqueous emulsions comprising an active component selected from a silicone and a silane with a Uyo value of less than 1.2 using the device as described herein, comprising - the preparation of the pre-emulsion by injecting the active component selected from silicone and silane into the aqueous phase containing emulsifier in the mixing station, whereby a pressure difference depending on the nozzle dimensions of a maximum of 10 bar is maintained between the two streams with an absolute pressure drop of less than 100 bar, - the homogenisation of the pre-emulsion is accomplished by means of the jet disperser, whereby the U90 value is determined according to the following formula:
d90 - d 10 U90 d50 in which dlO represents the diameter of the smallest and d90 represents the diameter of the largest particles remaining 5b after subtraction of 10% by weight of the particles with the smallest and the largest diameters from a given quantity of particles, and in which the d50-value represents the diameter of the particle, that is larger as 50% by weight of all the particles and smaller than 50% by weight of all the particles.
The present invention is explained in more detail by the attached Figures and Examples.
Fig. 1 shows a mixing station;
Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of the device according to the invention with a high-pressure homogeniser;
Fig. 3 shows the nozzle arrangement of a jet disperser;
Fig. 4 shows a high-pressure homogeniser;
Fig. 5, 6, 7 and 8 show the differential and integral particle size distribution of Example 10, 9,18 and 19.
In the device according to the invention with a known pressure drop (Op)sTR D
a known emulsifier content and surface requirement, a known nozzle diameter (D)sTR-D, a known interfacial surface tension (y), a known viscosity (ri) of the disperse phase and a known number of passes (n)sTR D the expected average particle size (d) may be calculated from the following formula:
d = k A(dp)-.6 A,qo.a9s A yo.36s A Do.i6s A n.36 k = constant (relating to emulsifier content/surface requirement).
The core of the mixing station is a nozzle arrangement in a mixing apparatus Ml, the dimensions of which depend on the consistency of the two phases to be combined, their concentration with respect to one another, the pressure drop chosen, and the throughput.
Fig. 1 shows a possible embodiment. For example, the silicone oil 1 is injected into the aqueous phase 3 via the first nozzle 2 and immediately afterwards is mixed intensively and homogenised in the second nozzle 4. The final fine dispersion then takes place in the downstream jet disperser STR-D. The jet disperser STR-D may be immediately downstream or, in a batchwise operation, only after the preparation of the entire pre-emulsion 5.
The nozzle arrangement according to Fig. 1 is preferably fed by means of two pumps P1, P3 with a pressure difference of 2-3 bar in such a way that - where the coating speed of the emulsifier permits - the aqueous emulsifier solution and the silicone are fed together in the final emulsion concentration and homogenised directly by means of the jet disperser STR-D in one or a maximum of three passes.
The number of passes usually depends on the nature and content of the emulsifier.
Emulsifier contents in the region of 3% make only one pass necessary -exceptions apart.
If emulsifiers are present that coat the surfaces of the resulting particles of certain silicone active substances only relatively slowly, the process may be modified in such a way that operations are carried out with any deficient amount of water containing the entire quantity of emulsifier. The more concentrated emulsion obtained in this case may be returned to the aqueous emulsifier solution and fed with the latter back to the nozzle and to the inflowing active substance, so that a circuit is obtained. Whether the circuit remains intact for a few minutes after the substances have been combined depends on the concentration and nature of the emulsifier and on the silicone to be emulsified. The remainder of the water to which further additives e.g. thickeners or preservatives are optionally added may be added to the circuit by way of a further nozzle and pump before this pre-emulsion is fed to the jet disperser STR-D.
Fig. 4 shows the jet disperser STR-D which is used as high-pressure homogeniser 6.
The jet disperser STR-D is composed more specifically of a pump 14, optionally a pulsation damper 16 and a nozzle arrangement 18, which is shown in detail in Fig. 3.
The two-stage nozzle arrangement 18 has a first nozzle 10 and a downstream second nozzle 12, with the aid of which the pre-emulsion 5 is homogenised. Each nozzle 10, 12 is composed of an insert part 11 in a tube 9, each insert part 11 having a cylindrical section 13 protruding against the direction of flow of pre-emulsion 5, with two opposite capillary holes 15. The cylindrical section 13 forms an annular space 17 in the tube 9, pre-emulsion 5 flowing through the tube 9 into the annular space 17 and from there through capillary holes 15 into an intermediate chamber 20.
Fig. 5, 6, 7 and 8 show the differential and integral particle size distribution of Example 10, 9,18 and 19.
In the device according to the invention with a known pressure drop (Op)sTR D
a known emulsifier content and surface requirement, a known nozzle diameter (D)sTR-D, a known interfacial surface tension (y), a known viscosity (ri) of the disperse phase and a known number of passes (n)sTR D the expected average particle size (d) may be calculated from the following formula:
d = k A(dp)-.6 A,qo.a9s A yo.36s A Do.i6s A n.36 k = constant (relating to emulsifier content/surface requirement).
The core of the mixing station is a nozzle arrangement in a mixing apparatus Ml, the dimensions of which depend on the consistency of the two phases to be combined, their concentration with respect to one another, the pressure drop chosen, and the throughput.
Fig. 1 shows a possible embodiment. For example, the silicone oil 1 is injected into the aqueous phase 3 via the first nozzle 2 and immediately afterwards is mixed intensively and homogenised in the second nozzle 4. The final fine dispersion then takes place in the downstream jet disperser STR-D. The jet disperser STR-D may be immediately downstream or, in a batchwise operation, only after the preparation of the entire pre-emulsion 5.
The nozzle arrangement according to Fig. 1 is preferably fed by means of two pumps P1, P3 with a pressure difference of 2-3 bar in such a way that - where the coating speed of the emulsifier permits - the aqueous emulsifier solution and the silicone are fed together in the final emulsion concentration and homogenised directly by means of the jet disperser STR-D in one or a maximum of three passes.
The number of passes usually depends on the nature and content of the emulsifier.
Emulsifier contents in the region of 3% make only one pass necessary -exceptions apart.
If emulsifiers are present that coat the surfaces of the resulting particles of certain silicone active substances only relatively slowly, the process may be modified in such a way that operations are carried out with any deficient amount of water containing the entire quantity of emulsifier. The more concentrated emulsion obtained in this case may be returned to the aqueous emulsifier solution and fed with the latter back to the nozzle and to the inflowing active substance, so that a circuit is obtained. Whether the circuit remains intact for a few minutes after the substances have been combined depends on the concentration and nature of the emulsifier and on the silicone to be emulsified. The remainder of the water to which further additives e.g. thickeners or preservatives are optionally added may be added to the circuit by way of a further nozzle and pump before this pre-emulsion is fed to the jet disperser STR-D.
Fig. 4 shows the jet disperser STR-D which is used as high-pressure homogeniser 6.
The jet disperser STR-D is composed more specifically of a pump 14, optionally a pulsation damper 16 and a nozzle arrangement 18, which is shown in detail in Fig. 3.
The two-stage nozzle arrangement 18 has a first nozzle 10 and a downstream second nozzle 12, with the aid of which the pre-emulsion 5 is homogenised. Each nozzle 10, 12 is composed of an insert part 11 in a tube 9, each insert part 11 having a cylindrical section 13 protruding against the direction of flow of pre-emulsion 5, with two opposite capillary holes 15. The cylindrical section 13 forms an annular space 17 in the tube 9, pre-emulsion 5 flowing through the tube 9 into the annular space 17 and from there through capillary holes 15 into an intermediate chamber 20.
As the capillary holes 15 are opposite each other, the emerging jets of emulsion collide with one another inside the cylindrical section 13. As a result, a particularly good dispersion is achieved. The emulsion flows out of intermediate chamber 20 into a second annular space 22 of the second nozzle 12 where it again passes through the capillary holes 24 of the second nozzle 12. The homogenised emulsion 25 leaves the jet disperser STR-D through the outlet 26.
The present invention also allows the ratio of the water - containing all the emulsifier- to active substance to be chosen in such a way that gels and pastes are also obtained. The proviso is that the pumps chosen are of the positive conveying type and control the consistency of the pastes.
An advantage of the present invention is that it is able to operate practically continuously, is not very time-consuming, and has outstanding reproducibility.
It provides stable emulsions of which the average particle sizes have values of <1 m, with emulsifier contents in the region of 0.5 - 3%. The particle size distribution which is important for the stability and for many applications lies in a narrower range than is the case with the conventional processes.
There are also a few cases, however, where rather unstable emulsions are produced in which both the particle size and the particle size distribution do not play an important part, with the result that, for cost or other reasons, a subsequent homogenisation is dispensed with after the passage through the mixing station.
The lack of stability of these emulsions may be offset in such cases by substantially increasing the emulsion viscosity by adding a neutral thickener. In view of the often poor processability of such emulsions, attempts are usually made to avoid this method of production.
The present invention also allows the ratio of the water - containing all the emulsifier- to active substance to be chosen in such a way that gels and pastes are also obtained. The proviso is that the pumps chosen are of the positive conveying type and control the consistency of the pastes.
An advantage of the present invention is that it is able to operate practically continuously, is not very time-consuming, and has outstanding reproducibility.
It provides stable emulsions of which the average particle sizes have values of <1 m, with emulsifier contents in the region of 0.5 - 3%. The particle size distribution which is important for the stability and for many applications lies in a narrower range than is the case with the conventional processes.
There are also a few cases, however, where rather unstable emulsions are produced in which both the particle size and the particle size distribution do not play an important part, with the result that, for cost or other reasons, a subsequent homogenisation is dispensed with after the passage through the mixing station.
The lack of stability of these emulsions may be offset in such cases by substantially increasing the emulsion viscosity by adding a neutral thickener. In view of the often poor processability of such emulsions, attempts are usually made to avoid this method of production.
The above-mentioned emulsions also include a few emulsions with a high viscosity in which an indispensable high-viscosity active substance - e.g. of an organic nature - is responsible for this.
Naturally, it would be uneconomic in such cases to emulsify such emulsions afterwards additionally in the jet disperser STR-D because - were the present state of the emulsion to be essentially maintained - the jet disperser would not be able make a significant contribution towards improving the physical properties of the emulsion ~ under the process conditions required for this purpose.
in this case it is advisable to homogenise the pre-emulsion leaving the mixing station in a second mixing station with a higher pressure, e.g. up to 100 bar.
This method is also reconunended if readily emulsifiable Si compounds are to be emulsified with emulsifiers that have a sufficient particle surface coating speed. In this case, it is possible to dispense with thickeners.
In order to minimise the apparatus required, however, it is preferable to transfer the pre-emulsion to a storage tank upstream of the first mixing station and to bring it from there via the same mixing station under different pressure conditions to the desired emulsion state.
The invention thus also relates to a process for the preparation of fine- to coarse-particle aqueous silicone and/or silane emulsions in the region of about 0.4 to 5.0 m with a Ugo value greater than 1.1 (i.e. broader particle size distribution) which require only low shear forces for emulsification and are stabilised by thickeners, comprising - the preparation of a pre-emulsion by injecting the silicone and/or silane component into an aqueous phase containing erinulsifier in a mixing station, a pressure difference, dependent on the nozzle dimensions, of a maximum of 10 bar being maintained between the two streams with an absolute pressure drop of less than 80 bar, 5 - homogenisation of the pre-emulsion in a downstream mixing station or at a later stage in the same mixing station with an absolute pressure drop of up to 100 bar.
An embodiment is obtained from Fig. 2, in which VA: active sl.ibstance container VB: residual water container (+ additives) VC: buffer vessel / intermediate container VE: storage tank / intermediate container VD: buffer vessel P1, P2:pumps (optionally forced conveying pumps) P3, P4, P5: pumps Ml: mixing nozzle for active substance/water STR-D: jet disperser.
In the active substance circuit VA-+P1-+M1-+VA the aqueous phase is injected at low pressure via VC-+P3--+M1 and after the addition is completed the circuit VA--+P1--aMl-*VA is switched to higher pressure, Ml acting as a downstream homogeniser. The emulsion may be removed behind Ml.
The proviso is, of course, that the emulsifiers have a sufficiently high particle coating speed, a property which also depends on the ability of the active substance to adsorb these emulsifiers.
Examples of the silicone and silane component are - silicone compounds with the usual composition:
(CH3)3S1O[(CH3)2S1O]50-500S1(CH3)3 HO(CH3)2SiO[(CH3)2SiO]5ooSi(CH3)20H
(CH3)3S1O[(CH3)(H)S1O]SOSi(CH3)3 (CH3)3Si(O)1.1(OCH3)0.8;
- organoalkoxysilanes, hydrolysis products thereof, e.g.:
CH3(CH2)7Si(OEt)3 CH3(CH2)3Si(OEt)3 CH3(CH2)11-13(CH3)Si(OMe)2 CH3(CH2)7Si(OEt)20(OEt)2Si(CH2)7CH3 CH3(CH2)3S1(OEt)2[O(EtO)Sl(CH2)3CH3]0-5OS1(OEt)2(CH2)3CH3+
- linear polyorganosiloxanes with and/or without silicon-functional bound groups such as hydrogen, alkoxy, polyether and hydroxy groups, with and/or without organofunctionally attached groups such as polyethers, amines or halogens or pseudohalogens, e.g.:
(CH3)3S1O[(CH3)2S1O]50-500S1(CH3)3 HO(CH3)2SiO[(CH3)2SiO]SOOSi(CH3)20H
(CH3)3S1O[(CH3)(H)S1O]5oSI(CH3)3 (CH3)3S1O[(CH3)CH2=CHS1O]3 [(CH3)2S10]50-500S1(CH3)3 (CH3)3S1O[CH3(OCH2CH,)80(CH2)3(CH3)S1O]3[(CH3)2S1O]6OoSl(CH3)3 - branched polyorganosiloxanes with andlor without attached silicon-functional groups such as hydrogen, alkoxy, polyether and hydroxy groups with and/or without organofunctionally attached groups such as polyethers, amines or halogens or pseudohalogens, e.g.:
CH3S1 {[(CH3)2S1O]50OS1(CH3)3} 3 CH3 Si 1[(CH3)2S1O] 80OSi(CH3)2CH2=CH3 ) 3 CH3Si {[(CH3)2SiOlgoOSi(CH3)2(CH2)3(OCH2CH2)8OCH3} 3 H2N(CH2)3 S i{ [(CH3)2S iOl 180Si(CH3) } 3;
- silicone resins with aryl-, alkyl- organofunctionally modified alkyl groups, alkoxyfunctional resins with or without diluents, e.g.:
(CH3)1.16Si1O1.42 (CH3)0.8(C12H25)0.2s1(O)1(OCH3)1 (Si02) l o[(CH3)3 S iO 1v210.8 S102[(CH3)CH2=CHSiOl0.3[O1/2S1(CH3)3}1.2 - mixtures of the above components or with insoluble additives of a mineral or organic nature.
The term emulsifiers means ionic and nonionic emulsifiers of the kind customarily used in silicone emulsification, and mixtures thereof.
Suitable ionic emulsifiers are, depending on the active substance, e.g.:
- alkylsulfonates with 8 to 18 C atoms with or without ethylene- or propylene oxide units;
- sulfate esters such as, e.g., CH3(CH2)6CH20(C2H4O)6-19SO3H;
- alkylarylsulfonates, such as, e.g., dodecylbenzene sulfonate;
- quaternary ammonium compounds such as, e.g., dodecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide, octyldimethylbenzylammonium hydroxides and salts thereof.
Naturally, it would be uneconomic in such cases to emulsify such emulsions afterwards additionally in the jet disperser STR-D because - were the present state of the emulsion to be essentially maintained - the jet disperser would not be able make a significant contribution towards improving the physical properties of the emulsion ~ under the process conditions required for this purpose.
in this case it is advisable to homogenise the pre-emulsion leaving the mixing station in a second mixing station with a higher pressure, e.g. up to 100 bar.
This method is also reconunended if readily emulsifiable Si compounds are to be emulsified with emulsifiers that have a sufficient particle surface coating speed. In this case, it is possible to dispense with thickeners.
In order to minimise the apparatus required, however, it is preferable to transfer the pre-emulsion to a storage tank upstream of the first mixing station and to bring it from there via the same mixing station under different pressure conditions to the desired emulsion state.
The invention thus also relates to a process for the preparation of fine- to coarse-particle aqueous silicone and/or silane emulsions in the region of about 0.4 to 5.0 m with a Ugo value greater than 1.1 (i.e. broader particle size distribution) which require only low shear forces for emulsification and are stabilised by thickeners, comprising - the preparation of a pre-emulsion by injecting the silicone and/or silane component into an aqueous phase containing erinulsifier in a mixing station, a pressure difference, dependent on the nozzle dimensions, of a maximum of 10 bar being maintained between the two streams with an absolute pressure drop of less than 80 bar, 5 - homogenisation of the pre-emulsion in a downstream mixing station or at a later stage in the same mixing station with an absolute pressure drop of up to 100 bar.
An embodiment is obtained from Fig. 2, in which VA: active sl.ibstance container VB: residual water container (+ additives) VC: buffer vessel / intermediate container VE: storage tank / intermediate container VD: buffer vessel P1, P2:pumps (optionally forced conveying pumps) P3, P4, P5: pumps Ml: mixing nozzle for active substance/water STR-D: jet disperser.
In the active substance circuit VA-+P1-+M1-+VA the aqueous phase is injected at low pressure via VC-+P3--+M1 and after the addition is completed the circuit VA--+P1--aMl-*VA is switched to higher pressure, Ml acting as a downstream homogeniser. The emulsion may be removed behind Ml.
The proviso is, of course, that the emulsifiers have a sufficiently high particle coating speed, a property which also depends on the ability of the active substance to adsorb these emulsifiers.
Examples of the silicone and silane component are - silicone compounds with the usual composition:
(CH3)3S1O[(CH3)2S1O]50-500S1(CH3)3 HO(CH3)2SiO[(CH3)2SiO]5ooSi(CH3)20H
(CH3)3S1O[(CH3)(H)S1O]SOSi(CH3)3 (CH3)3Si(O)1.1(OCH3)0.8;
- organoalkoxysilanes, hydrolysis products thereof, e.g.:
CH3(CH2)7Si(OEt)3 CH3(CH2)3Si(OEt)3 CH3(CH2)11-13(CH3)Si(OMe)2 CH3(CH2)7Si(OEt)20(OEt)2Si(CH2)7CH3 CH3(CH2)3S1(OEt)2[O(EtO)Sl(CH2)3CH3]0-5OS1(OEt)2(CH2)3CH3+
- linear polyorganosiloxanes with and/or without silicon-functional bound groups such as hydrogen, alkoxy, polyether and hydroxy groups, with and/or without organofunctionally attached groups such as polyethers, amines or halogens or pseudohalogens, e.g.:
(CH3)3S1O[(CH3)2S1O]50-500S1(CH3)3 HO(CH3)2SiO[(CH3)2SiO]SOOSi(CH3)20H
(CH3)3S1O[(CH3)(H)S1O]5oSI(CH3)3 (CH3)3S1O[(CH3)CH2=CHS1O]3 [(CH3)2S10]50-500S1(CH3)3 (CH3)3S1O[CH3(OCH2CH,)80(CH2)3(CH3)S1O]3[(CH3)2S1O]6OoSl(CH3)3 - branched polyorganosiloxanes with andlor without attached silicon-functional groups such as hydrogen, alkoxy, polyether and hydroxy groups with and/or without organofunctionally attached groups such as polyethers, amines or halogens or pseudohalogens, e.g.:
CH3S1 {[(CH3)2S1O]50OS1(CH3)3} 3 CH3 Si 1[(CH3)2S1O] 80OSi(CH3)2CH2=CH3 ) 3 CH3Si {[(CH3)2SiOlgoOSi(CH3)2(CH2)3(OCH2CH2)8OCH3} 3 H2N(CH2)3 S i{ [(CH3)2S iOl 180Si(CH3) } 3;
- silicone resins with aryl-, alkyl- organofunctionally modified alkyl groups, alkoxyfunctional resins with or without diluents, e.g.:
(CH3)1.16Si1O1.42 (CH3)0.8(C12H25)0.2s1(O)1(OCH3)1 (Si02) l o[(CH3)3 S iO 1v210.8 S102[(CH3)CH2=CHSiOl0.3[O1/2S1(CH3)3}1.2 - mixtures of the above components or with insoluble additives of a mineral or organic nature.
The term emulsifiers means ionic and nonionic emulsifiers of the kind customarily used in silicone emulsification, and mixtures thereof.
Suitable ionic emulsifiers are, depending on the active substance, e.g.:
- alkylsulfonates with 8 to 18 C atoms with or without ethylene- or propylene oxide units;
- sulfate esters such as, e.g., CH3(CH2)6CH20(C2H4O)6-19SO3H;
- alkylarylsulfonates, such as, e.g., dodecylbenzene sulfonate;
- quaternary ammonium compounds such as, e.g., dodecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide, octyldimethylbenzylammonium hydroxides and salts thereof.
Nonionic emulsifiers of which the HLB value is from 10 to 16 are, however, preferred. If mixtures within this range are present they may be composed of combinations of emulsifiers with an HLB value between 2.7 and 18.7.
Suitable nonionic emulsifiers are adducts of ethylene oxide and fatty alcohols, alkyl phenols, triglycerides or sugar; polyethylene oxide sorbitan laurates, palmitates and stearates; adducts of ethylene oxide and alkylamines; and polyvinylalcohols (such as Mowiol), particularly ethoxy adducts with tridecyl alcohol, ethoxy adducts with sorbitan monooleates (Tween products from ICI), sorbitan monooleates and mixtures thereof.
The average particle diameter - in the text also called the particle size - is calculated from the volumetric mean which is obtained from the total volume of all the particles of the emulsion divided by the number of particles.
The numerical value of the breadth of the particle size distribution was calculated in such a way that, out of the given quantity of particles, the particles with the smallest diameters up to a quantity of 10 wt.% of the particle quantity (d10) and the particles with the largest diameters up to a quantity of 10 wt.% of the particle quantity (d90) are not taken into account, and the difference in the diameters of the remaining largest particle and of the remaining smallest particle is divided by the diameter of that particle (d50) that is greater than 50 wt.% of all the particles and smaller than 50 wt. % of all the particles. This numerical value is hereinafter called Ugo:
Ugo = d22Q- d1Q
d50 (see Fig. 5, 6, 7 and 8).
Suitable nonionic emulsifiers are adducts of ethylene oxide and fatty alcohols, alkyl phenols, triglycerides or sugar; polyethylene oxide sorbitan laurates, palmitates and stearates; adducts of ethylene oxide and alkylamines; and polyvinylalcohols (such as Mowiol), particularly ethoxy adducts with tridecyl alcohol, ethoxy adducts with sorbitan monooleates (Tween products from ICI), sorbitan monooleates and mixtures thereof.
The average particle diameter - in the text also called the particle size - is calculated from the volumetric mean which is obtained from the total volume of all the particles of the emulsion divided by the number of particles.
The numerical value of the breadth of the particle size distribution was calculated in such a way that, out of the given quantity of particles, the particles with the smallest diameters up to a quantity of 10 wt.% of the particle quantity (d10) and the particles with the largest diameters up to a quantity of 10 wt.% of the particle quantity (d90) are not taken into account, and the difference in the diameters of the remaining largest particle and of the remaining smallest particle is divided by the diameter of that particle (d50) that is greater than 50 wt.% of all the particles and smaller than 50 wt. % of all the particles. This numerical value is hereinafter called Ugo:
Ugo = d22Q- d1Q
d50 (see Fig. 5, 6, 7 and 8).
The average particle sizes were measured by Fraunhofer diffraction, ultracentrifugation or by photometry with the aid of Mie theory. The distribution curves were measured by means of the ultracentrifuge.
The apparatus shown in the appendix in a schematic flow diagram (Fig. 2) allows process adjustments tailored in a flexible manner to the active substance, the emulsifier and the concentrations thereof.
For example, in the favourable case when readily emulsifiable products are present, the emulsifier is "rapid" and present in a favourable concentration, the active substance (from VA) may be fed together with the water/emulsifier mixture (from VC) in the desired ratio to Ml, and the resulting pre-emulsion fed directly or via a buffer vessel (VD) to the jet disperser STR-D, homogenised in one pass and then fed to the filling station.
This procedure requires reliable control or synchronisation of the pumps. If this is to be dispensed with and if an exact ratio of emulsifier/active substance is not absolutely necessary during the combined feed to Ml, it is possible, in order nevertheless to guarantee the necessary active substance concentration in the emulsion, to feed the active substance to a calculated deficient amount of water/emulsifier mixture via Ml, to return the resulting pre-emulsion constantly to the water/emulsifier mixture (after VC) and to feed it together again with the active substance in the circuit via Ml. If the entire active substance is consumed, the pre-emulsion is brought to the final concentration via the nozzle Ml by adding the remaining water (from VB) by means of a circuit similar to the one just described (Ml->VC-*M1) and homogenised as above.
In the case of active substances that are difficult to emulsify, "slow"
emulsifiers or very low emulsifier concentrations, pre-emulsification can be carried out a couple of times via VC and MI in the circuit before feeding to STR-D, prior to operating as above.
If a paste or a gel is considered important and if the active substance is suitable for 5 this, it may be fed together with any deficient amount of water (from VC) -but all the emulsifier - into Ml, and resulting emulsion returned to VC, as above, and atomised with its contents repeatedly via Ml with the active substance. A high-viscosity pre-emulsion is thereby obtained, which may have a paste or gel { consistency depending on the conditions chosen.
Said emulsions may - depending on the intended application - be filled as such or processed further as described below.
Before being homogenised above in STR-D, it is passed via Ml, where the remaining water (from VB), optionally with thickener and other conventional additives, is injected so that the calculated composition is obtained.
If more than one pass through STR-D is required, another cycle via VE-+STR-D
may be carried out before the emulsion is filled.
If several discrete passes are desired, however, it is possible to carry out emulsification from the buffer vessel VD via STR-D in one pass after VE, after completion from there in a second pass via STR-D again to VD, etc.
In the examples that follow, all the data relate to weight, unless otherwise specified.
The following abbreviations are used:
Me: -CH3 Et: -C2H5 Octeo: C$Ht7Si(OEt)3 V: pre-emulsion Only the time required for the preparation of the pre-emulsion is given in the Tables, since the preparations for the water/emulsifier mixtures are practically the same in the examples according to the invention and those not according to the invention.
The actual homogenisation stage was likewise not included in the consideration of time, since it is largely dependent on the capacity of the emulsifying devices in the comparison.
In the Tables, the examples according to the invention are printed in bold and the comparative examples in italics.
Examples A. Resin emulsions Example 1 (Comparative example) 238.7 g of distilled water were heated to 60 C in a 2 1 vessel and 55 g of a melted mixture - corresponding to 2.50% based on the total batch - of a POE-stearyl alcohol .
and a POE-cetyl alcohol with a total HLB value of 15.5 were added with stirring.
After cooling to 40 C, 1447.6 g of an Isopar R G solution with 80% resin with an average composition (CH3)1.16 Sil 01A2 and a viscosity of 1620 mPa.s were added within one hour at a rate of stirring of 250 - 400 rpm. Stirring was continued for 10 min at a rate of stirring of - 400 rpm. 458.7 g of an aqueous solution of 1.76 g of carboxymethylcellulose (Walocel CRT 5000 GA) were added with stirring within min. Stirring was continued for 40 min.
The pre-emulsion was homogenised in six passes in a conventional high-pressure homogeniser of the Gaulin type with a pressure drop of AP = 250 bar. The results are given in Table 1.
Example 2 (Comparative example) Example 1 was repeated with a total emulsifier content of 3.00%. The results are given in Table l.
Example 3 The same batch as in Example 1 - but with 2.2% emulsifier mixture - was increased by a factor of 2.7273. 645.0 g of distilled water were heated to 50 C in VC
(see attachment Fig. 2) and 133 g of a melted mixture - corresponding to 2.20%
based on the total batch - of a POE-stearyl alcohol and an PEO-cetyl alcohol with a total HLB
value of 15.5 were added with stirring, and forced by means of P3 at 3 bar through Ml (nozzle diameters 2.1/1.0 mm) to VC and circulated for 30 s by means of P3 through Ml to VC. 3948 g of the same resin as in Example 1 were injected into this circuit within 17 min from VA by means of P1 at 5 bar into Ml. The circuit was then maintained for 10 min, then an aqueous solution of 4.8 g of carboxymethylcellulose (Walocel CRT 5000 GA) in 1264.2 g of water were injected into the circuit within 9 min from VB via M1. After the addition was completed, the circuit was maintained for another 40 min before the pre-emulsion was homogenised in three passes in the jet disperser STR-D (nozzle diameter: 0.2828 mm) with a pressure drop of dP = 250 bar. The results are given in Table 1.
Example 4 Example 3 was repeated with a total emulsifier content of 2.5%. The results are given in Table 1.
Example 5 Example 3 was repeated with a total emulsifier content of 2.8%. The results are given in Table 1.
Example 6 Example 3 was repeated with a total emulsifier content of 3.0%. The results are given in Table 1.
Table 1 Pass Particle size Stability no. 0 [ m] [months]
F-Example-+ E-Example--> E-Example-+
V V V V V V >5.000 >5.000 >5000 >5000 5000 >5000 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 4.954 4.760 2.915 2.550 2.453 2.106 2 2 2 2 2 2 4.687 4.487 2.143 0.653 0.660 0.634 0.5 0.5 >6 >6 >6 >6 3 3 3 3 3 3 4.423 4.390 1.617 0.642 0.593 0.589 0.5 0.5 >6 >6 >6 >6 4 4 4.343 4.202 0.5 0.5 5 4.216 4.068 0.5 0.5 6 6 4.094 3.989 0.5 0.5 B. Resin/silane (water-sensitive) emulsions Examli(e 7 (Comparative example) 5 In a 4 1 agitated vessel, 816.22 g of water and 2.18 g of diethanolaaznine were added to 22 g of emulsifier mixture - corresponding to 1 wt.%, based on the total batch - of an ethoxylated sorbitan monolaurate and an ethoxylated oleyl alcohol with a total HLB value of 15.3 and stirred for 2 hours at 80 C, a clear solution being obtained.
1359.6 g of a mixture of 49.2% octyl triethoxysilane and 50.8% of a resin with the 10 composition (CH3)o.s(Ci2H2s)o.2 Si(O)1 (OCH3)t were added to the cooled solution within 65 min at a rate of stirring of 700 rpm. After the addition was completed, stirring was continued for 30 min at 550 rpm. A sample was taken after 30 min for particle size determination. The pre-emulsion was homogenised in 2 passes in a conventional homogeniser of the Gaulin type with a pressure drop of AP = 250 bar.
The apparatus shown in the appendix in a schematic flow diagram (Fig. 2) allows process adjustments tailored in a flexible manner to the active substance, the emulsifier and the concentrations thereof.
For example, in the favourable case when readily emulsifiable products are present, the emulsifier is "rapid" and present in a favourable concentration, the active substance (from VA) may be fed together with the water/emulsifier mixture (from VC) in the desired ratio to Ml, and the resulting pre-emulsion fed directly or via a buffer vessel (VD) to the jet disperser STR-D, homogenised in one pass and then fed to the filling station.
This procedure requires reliable control or synchronisation of the pumps. If this is to be dispensed with and if an exact ratio of emulsifier/active substance is not absolutely necessary during the combined feed to Ml, it is possible, in order nevertheless to guarantee the necessary active substance concentration in the emulsion, to feed the active substance to a calculated deficient amount of water/emulsifier mixture via Ml, to return the resulting pre-emulsion constantly to the water/emulsifier mixture (after VC) and to feed it together again with the active substance in the circuit via Ml. If the entire active substance is consumed, the pre-emulsion is brought to the final concentration via the nozzle Ml by adding the remaining water (from VB) by means of a circuit similar to the one just described (Ml->VC-*M1) and homogenised as above.
In the case of active substances that are difficult to emulsify, "slow"
emulsifiers or very low emulsifier concentrations, pre-emulsification can be carried out a couple of times via VC and MI in the circuit before feeding to STR-D, prior to operating as above.
If a paste or a gel is considered important and if the active substance is suitable for 5 this, it may be fed together with any deficient amount of water (from VC) -but all the emulsifier - into Ml, and resulting emulsion returned to VC, as above, and atomised with its contents repeatedly via Ml with the active substance. A high-viscosity pre-emulsion is thereby obtained, which may have a paste or gel { consistency depending on the conditions chosen.
Said emulsions may - depending on the intended application - be filled as such or processed further as described below.
Before being homogenised above in STR-D, it is passed via Ml, where the remaining water (from VB), optionally with thickener and other conventional additives, is injected so that the calculated composition is obtained.
If more than one pass through STR-D is required, another cycle via VE-+STR-D
may be carried out before the emulsion is filled.
If several discrete passes are desired, however, it is possible to carry out emulsification from the buffer vessel VD via STR-D in one pass after VE, after completion from there in a second pass via STR-D again to VD, etc.
In the examples that follow, all the data relate to weight, unless otherwise specified.
The following abbreviations are used:
Me: -CH3 Et: -C2H5 Octeo: C$Ht7Si(OEt)3 V: pre-emulsion Only the time required for the preparation of the pre-emulsion is given in the Tables, since the preparations for the water/emulsifier mixtures are practically the same in the examples according to the invention and those not according to the invention.
The actual homogenisation stage was likewise not included in the consideration of time, since it is largely dependent on the capacity of the emulsifying devices in the comparison.
In the Tables, the examples according to the invention are printed in bold and the comparative examples in italics.
Examples A. Resin emulsions Example 1 (Comparative example) 238.7 g of distilled water were heated to 60 C in a 2 1 vessel and 55 g of a melted mixture - corresponding to 2.50% based on the total batch - of a POE-stearyl alcohol .
and a POE-cetyl alcohol with a total HLB value of 15.5 were added with stirring.
After cooling to 40 C, 1447.6 g of an Isopar R G solution with 80% resin with an average composition (CH3)1.16 Sil 01A2 and a viscosity of 1620 mPa.s were added within one hour at a rate of stirring of 250 - 400 rpm. Stirring was continued for 10 min at a rate of stirring of - 400 rpm. 458.7 g of an aqueous solution of 1.76 g of carboxymethylcellulose (Walocel CRT 5000 GA) were added with stirring within min. Stirring was continued for 40 min.
The pre-emulsion was homogenised in six passes in a conventional high-pressure homogeniser of the Gaulin type with a pressure drop of AP = 250 bar. The results are given in Table 1.
Example 2 (Comparative example) Example 1 was repeated with a total emulsifier content of 3.00%. The results are given in Table l.
Example 3 The same batch as in Example 1 - but with 2.2% emulsifier mixture - was increased by a factor of 2.7273. 645.0 g of distilled water were heated to 50 C in VC
(see attachment Fig. 2) and 133 g of a melted mixture - corresponding to 2.20%
based on the total batch - of a POE-stearyl alcohol and an PEO-cetyl alcohol with a total HLB
value of 15.5 were added with stirring, and forced by means of P3 at 3 bar through Ml (nozzle diameters 2.1/1.0 mm) to VC and circulated for 30 s by means of P3 through Ml to VC. 3948 g of the same resin as in Example 1 were injected into this circuit within 17 min from VA by means of P1 at 5 bar into Ml. The circuit was then maintained for 10 min, then an aqueous solution of 4.8 g of carboxymethylcellulose (Walocel CRT 5000 GA) in 1264.2 g of water were injected into the circuit within 9 min from VB via M1. After the addition was completed, the circuit was maintained for another 40 min before the pre-emulsion was homogenised in three passes in the jet disperser STR-D (nozzle diameter: 0.2828 mm) with a pressure drop of dP = 250 bar. The results are given in Table 1.
Example 4 Example 3 was repeated with a total emulsifier content of 2.5%. The results are given in Table 1.
Example 5 Example 3 was repeated with a total emulsifier content of 2.8%. The results are given in Table 1.
Example 6 Example 3 was repeated with a total emulsifier content of 3.0%. The results are given in Table 1.
Table 1 Pass Particle size Stability no. 0 [ m] [months]
F-Example-+ E-Example--> E-Example-+
V V V V V V >5.000 >5.000 >5000 >5000 5000 >5000 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 4.954 4.760 2.915 2.550 2.453 2.106 2 2 2 2 2 2 4.687 4.487 2.143 0.653 0.660 0.634 0.5 0.5 >6 >6 >6 >6 3 3 3 3 3 3 4.423 4.390 1.617 0.642 0.593 0.589 0.5 0.5 >6 >6 >6 >6 4 4 4.343 4.202 0.5 0.5 5 4.216 4.068 0.5 0.5 6 6 4.094 3.989 0.5 0.5 B. Resin/silane (water-sensitive) emulsions Examli(e 7 (Comparative example) 5 In a 4 1 agitated vessel, 816.22 g of water and 2.18 g of diethanolaaznine were added to 22 g of emulsifier mixture - corresponding to 1 wt.%, based on the total batch - of an ethoxylated sorbitan monolaurate and an ethoxylated oleyl alcohol with a total HLB value of 15.3 and stirred for 2 hours at 80 C, a clear solution being obtained.
1359.6 g of a mixture of 49.2% octyl triethoxysilane and 50.8% of a resin with the 10 composition (CH3)o.s(Ci2H2s)o.2 Si(O)1 (OCH3)t were added to the cooled solution within 65 min at a rate of stirring of 700 rpm. After the addition was completed, stirring was continued for 30 min at 550 rpm. A sample was taken after 30 min for particle size determination. The pre-emulsion was homogenised in 2 passes in a conventional homogeniser of the Gaulin type with a pressure drop of AP = 250 bar.
15 The results are given in Table 2.
Example 8 The batch from Example 7 was doubled. 1632.44 g of water and 4.36 g of 20 diethanolamine were added to 44 g of emulsifier mixture - corresponding to 1 wt.%, based on the total batch - of an ethoxylated sorbitan monolaurate and an ethoxylated oleyl alcohol with a total HLB value of 15.3 in VC (see Fig. 2) and stirred for 2 hours at 80 C, a clear solution being obtained. After cooling, the solution was pumped for one minute at 3 bar in the circuit VC--+P3-->M1-*VC. 2719.2 g of a mixture of 49.2% octyltriethoxysilane and 50.8% of a resin with the composition (CH3)o.g(CiZH25)o.2Si(0)t(OCH3)1 were injected into this circuit at 5 bar from VA by means of P1 and through Ml (nozzle diameters: 2.1/1.0 mm) within 3.5 min.
After the addition was completed, the above circuit was maintained for another 15 min at 3 bar. A sample was taken after 5 and 15 min for a particle size determination. The pre-emulsion was homogenised in 2 passes with a pressure drop of AP = 100 bar.
The results are given in Table 2.
Example 9 (Comparative example) In a 4 1 agitated vessel, 163.2 g of water and 2.18 g of diethanolamine were added to 22 g of emulsifier mixture - corresponding to 1 wt.%, based on the total batch - of an ethoxylated sorbitan monolaurate and an ethoxylated oleyl alcohol with a total HLB
value of 15.3 and stirred for 2 hours at 80 C, a clear solution being obtained. 1359.6 g of a mixture of 49.2% octyltriethoxysilane and 50.8% of a resin with the composition (CH3)0,8(C12H,5)0.2 Si(O)I (OCH3)t were added to the cooled solution within 65 min at a rate of stirring of 700 rpm. After the addition was completed, stirring was continued for 15 min at 550 rpm, a high-viscosity paste being obtained.
653.0 g of water were added at the above-mentioned rate of stirring within 30 min and stirring was continued until the particle size had fallen below 5 m (45 min).
The pre-emulsion was homogenised in 2 passes in a conventional homogeniser of the Gaulin type with a pressure drop of AP = 200 bar. The results are given in Table 2.
Example 10 The batch from Example 9 was tripled. 489.60 g of water and 6.54 g of diethanolamine were added to 66 g of emulsifier mixture - corresponding to I
wt.%, based on the total batch - of an ethoxylated sorbitan monolaurate and an ethoxylated oleyl alcohol with a total HLB value of 15.3 in VC (see Fig. 2) and stirred for 2 hours at 80 C, a clear solution being obtained. After cooling, the solution was pumped for one minute at 3 bar in the circuit VC-+P3-+M1--+VC. 4078.8 g of a mixture of 49.2% octyltriethoxysilane and 50.8% of a resin with the composition (CH3)0.8(C12H25)0.2 Si(O)l (OCH3)1 were injected into this circuit at 5 bar from VA
by means of P1 and through M1 (nozzle diameters: 2.1/1.0 mm) within 5 min.
After the addition was completed, the above circuit was maintained for another 4 min at 3 bar. 1959 g of water were then injected into the above circuit via M1 from VB
within 10 min. After all the water had been added, the pre-emulsion was pre-homogenised in the circuit for another I min, a sample was taken for determining the particle size, and homogenisation was carried out in two passes in the jet disperser with a pressure drop of dP = 100 bar. The results are given in Table 2.
~~.
Table-2 Pass no. Pressure drop Particle size Pre-emulsion Distribution OP [bar] 0 [ m] Time required [min] U90 Example Example Example Example Example V V V g1250 0 3/5 0 3/5 >5.000 3.773 4.241 4.371 95 20* 110 21 I I I 100 200 100 1.766 0.647 0.763 0.632 2.03 1.21 1.75 1.21 2 2 2 250 100 200 100 1.707 0.609 0.548 0.583 1.32 1.02 1.21 1.10 y * with a double batch + with a triple batch N o ca ~
W
Example 11 390.83 g of water and 3.17 g of diethanolamine were added to 32 g of emulsifier mixture - corresponding to 0.64 wt.%, based on the total batch - of an ethoxylated sorbitan monolaurate and an ethoxylated oleyl alcohol with a total HLB value of 15.3 in VC (see Fig. 2) and stirred for 2 hours at 80 C, a clear solution being obtained. After cooling, the solution was pumped for one minute at 3 bar in the circuit VC-~P3-+M1-+VC. 1980 g of a mixture of 49.2% octyltriethoxysilane and 50.8% of a resin with the composition (CH3)o.s(Ci2H2s)o.2Si(O)1(OCH3)1 were injected into this circuit at 5 bar from VA by means of P1 and through Ml (nozzle diameters: 1.8/0.9 mm) within 3 min. After the addition was completed, the above circuit was maintained for another 2 min at 3 bar. 2594 g of water were then injected into the above circuit via MI from VB within 13 min. After all the water had been added, the pre-emulsion was pre-homogenised for 4 min in the circuit, a sample was taken for determi-n;ng the particle size and homogenisation was carried out in passes in the jet disperser with a pressure drop of AP = 95 bar. The results are given in Table 3.
Table 3 Pass Pressure Particle size Pre-emulsion Emulsifier Emulsion no. drop dP 0 [[im] time required content stability [bar] [min] [%] [months]
V 3/5 4.326 25 0.64 -1 95 0.621 >6 2 95 0.611 >6 C. Silicone oil emulsions Example 12 5 1850 g of water were added at 50 C to 150 g of melted emulsifier mixture -corresponding to 3 wt.% based on the total batch - of an ethoxylated triglyceride and an ethoxylated tridecylalcohol with a total HLB value of 13.5 in VC (see Fig.
2) and pumped for 2 min at 3 bar in the circuit VC-+P3-+M1-*VC, cooled, and 3000 g of a diorganopolysiloxane having a viscosity rl = 350 mPas were injected into this 10 circuit within 18 min from VA by means of Pl at 5 bar into Ml (nozzle diameters 1.4/0.7 mm). Homogenisation was then carried out in STR-D with a pressure drop of 250 bar. The results are given in Table 4.
FxampLe 13 1550 g of water were added at 45 C to 200 g of melted emulsifier mixture -corresponding to 4 wt.% based on the total batch - of an ethoxylated triglyceride and an ethoxylated tridecylalcohol with a total HLB value of 15.4 in VC (see Fig.
2) and pumped for 2 min at 3 bar in the circuit (nozzle diameters 1.4/0.7 mm), cooled, and 1750 g of a diorganopolysiloxane having a viscosity rl = 350 mPas were injected into this circuit within 5.5 min from VA by means of P1 at 5 bar into Ml (nozzle diameters 2.1/1.0 mm). After the addition was completed, pumping was continued in the circuit for another 5 minutes at 3 bar. 1500 g of water from VB were then injected via Ml at 5 bar within 8 minutes. After a further 5 min circuit at 3 bar, homogenisation was carried out in STR-D with a pressure drop of 250 bar. The results are given in Table 4.
Example 14 1240 g of water were added at 50 C to 180 g of melted emulsifier mixture -corresponding to 4.5 wt.% based on the total batch - of an ethoxylated triglyceride and an ethoxylated tridecylalcohol with a total HLB value of 15.4 in VC (see Fig. 2) and pumped for 1 min at 3 bar in the circuit VC-*P3--+M1-->VC, cooled, and 800 g of a diorganopolysiloxane having a viscosity rI = 350 mPas were injected into this circuit within 1.5 min from VA by means of P1 at 5 bar into M1 (nozzle diameters 2.1/1.0 mm). After the addition was completed, pumping was continued in the circuit for another 2 minutes at 3 bar. 1780 g of water from VB were then injected via Ml at 5 bar within 8.5 minutes and homogenisation was carried out in the same circuit for 2.min at 3 bar. Homogenisation was then carried out in STR-D with a pressure drop of 200 bar. The results are given in Table 4.
Example 15 (Comparative example) 620 g of water were added at 50 C to 90 g of melted emulsifier mixture -corresponding to 4.5 wt.% based on the total batch - of an ethoxylated triglyceride and an ethoxylated tridecylalcohol with a total HLB value of 15.4 in an agitated vessel and stirred for 3 min, cooled, and 400 g of a diorganopolysiloxane having a viscosity rj = 350 mPas were added via a dropping funnel with stirring within min. After the addition was completed, stirring was continued for another 5 minutes at 400 rpm before 890 g of water were added within 27 minutes at 300 rpm (considerable foaming). The pre-emulsion was homogenised in a conventional homogeniser of the Gaulin type in 2 passes with a pressure drop of AP = 200 bar.
The results are given in Table 4.
i ,.
Table 4 Pass Particle size Pre-emulsion time Active substance Emulsion stability no. 0 [ m] required [min] concentration [%] [months]
Example Example Example Example 12" 13" 1431 1 5 ' 12 13 14 15 12 13 14 15 12 13 14 15 12 13 14 15 V V V v - - - 18 23.5 14 45 60 35 20 20 - - - -1 1 1 1 1.0 0.960 2.743 3.411 60 35 20 20 >6 >6 6 2 2 2 2 0.9 0.832 0.910 3.317 60 35 20 20 >6 >6 6 n 3 3 3 3 0.8 0.787 0.822 2.534 60 35 20 20 >6 >6 6 <6 4 4 4 0.777 0.798 2.406 >6 6 <6 4.
4.
2.362 <6 4.
O
2.254 <6 N o 1) 5000 g batch 2) 5000 g batch 3) 4000 g batch 4) 2000 g batch Example 16 2800 g of water, 4.6 g of 37% hydrochloric acid, 5.25 g of glycine, 51.3 g of glycerol, 200 g of an alkylbenzylammonium bromide, 30 g of an ethoxylated tridecylalcohol with an HLB value of 11.4 and 22.6 g of glycol were charged to VC
(see Fig. 2) and pumped in the circuit VC-*P3-)~M1-+VC for 30 s at 3 bar. 2056 g of a hydrogen-bearing organopolysiloxane having a viscosity rl = 40 mPas were injected into the above circuit at 7 bar within 100 s from VA by means of Pl into Ml (nozzle diameters: 1.8/0.9 mm). After the addition was completed, the pre-emulsion was pumped into the buffer vessel VD and homogenised at a slightly later stage by means of P4 in one pass in jet disperser STR-D with a pressure drop of OP = 250 bar. The results are given in Table 5.
Table 5 Example Pass Particle Time Total Stability no. no. size [min/s] emulsific- [months]
0 [ m] ation time [min/s]
Example 8 The batch from Example 7 was doubled. 1632.44 g of water and 4.36 g of 20 diethanolamine were added to 44 g of emulsifier mixture - corresponding to 1 wt.%, based on the total batch - of an ethoxylated sorbitan monolaurate and an ethoxylated oleyl alcohol with a total HLB value of 15.3 in VC (see Fig. 2) and stirred for 2 hours at 80 C, a clear solution being obtained. After cooling, the solution was pumped for one minute at 3 bar in the circuit VC--+P3-->M1-*VC. 2719.2 g of a mixture of 49.2% octyltriethoxysilane and 50.8% of a resin with the composition (CH3)o.g(CiZH25)o.2Si(0)t(OCH3)1 were injected into this circuit at 5 bar from VA by means of P1 and through Ml (nozzle diameters: 2.1/1.0 mm) within 3.5 min.
After the addition was completed, the above circuit was maintained for another 15 min at 3 bar. A sample was taken after 5 and 15 min for a particle size determination. The pre-emulsion was homogenised in 2 passes with a pressure drop of AP = 100 bar.
The results are given in Table 2.
Example 9 (Comparative example) In a 4 1 agitated vessel, 163.2 g of water and 2.18 g of diethanolamine were added to 22 g of emulsifier mixture - corresponding to 1 wt.%, based on the total batch - of an ethoxylated sorbitan monolaurate and an ethoxylated oleyl alcohol with a total HLB
value of 15.3 and stirred for 2 hours at 80 C, a clear solution being obtained. 1359.6 g of a mixture of 49.2% octyltriethoxysilane and 50.8% of a resin with the composition (CH3)0,8(C12H,5)0.2 Si(O)I (OCH3)t were added to the cooled solution within 65 min at a rate of stirring of 700 rpm. After the addition was completed, stirring was continued for 15 min at 550 rpm, a high-viscosity paste being obtained.
653.0 g of water were added at the above-mentioned rate of stirring within 30 min and stirring was continued until the particle size had fallen below 5 m (45 min).
The pre-emulsion was homogenised in 2 passes in a conventional homogeniser of the Gaulin type with a pressure drop of AP = 200 bar. The results are given in Table 2.
Example 10 The batch from Example 9 was tripled. 489.60 g of water and 6.54 g of diethanolamine were added to 66 g of emulsifier mixture - corresponding to I
wt.%, based on the total batch - of an ethoxylated sorbitan monolaurate and an ethoxylated oleyl alcohol with a total HLB value of 15.3 in VC (see Fig. 2) and stirred for 2 hours at 80 C, a clear solution being obtained. After cooling, the solution was pumped for one minute at 3 bar in the circuit VC-+P3-+M1--+VC. 4078.8 g of a mixture of 49.2% octyltriethoxysilane and 50.8% of a resin with the composition (CH3)0.8(C12H25)0.2 Si(O)l (OCH3)1 were injected into this circuit at 5 bar from VA
by means of P1 and through M1 (nozzle diameters: 2.1/1.0 mm) within 5 min.
After the addition was completed, the above circuit was maintained for another 4 min at 3 bar. 1959 g of water were then injected into the above circuit via M1 from VB
within 10 min. After all the water had been added, the pre-emulsion was pre-homogenised in the circuit for another I min, a sample was taken for determining the particle size, and homogenisation was carried out in two passes in the jet disperser with a pressure drop of dP = 100 bar. The results are given in Table 2.
~~.
Table-2 Pass no. Pressure drop Particle size Pre-emulsion Distribution OP [bar] 0 [ m] Time required [min] U90 Example Example Example Example Example V V V g1250 0 3/5 0 3/5 >5.000 3.773 4.241 4.371 95 20* 110 21 I I I 100 200 100 1.766 0.647 0.763 0.632 2.03 1.21 1.75 1.21 2 2 2 250 100 200 100 1.707 0.609 0.548 0.583 1.32 1.02 1.21 1.10 y * with a double batch + with a triple batch N o ca ~
W
Example 11 390.83 g of water and 3.17 g of diethanolamine were added to 32 g of emulsifier mixture - corresponding to 0.64 wt.%, based on the total batch - of an ethoxylated sorbitan monolaurate and an ethoxylated oleyl alcohol with a total HLB value of 15.3 in VC (see Fig. 2) and stirred for 2 hours at 80 C, a clear solution being obtained. After cooling, the solution was pumped for one minute at 3 bar in the circuit VC-~P3-+M1-+VC. 1980 g of a mixture of 49.2% octyltriethoxysilane and 50.8% of a resin with the composition (CH3)o.s(Ci2H2s)o.2Si(O)1(OCH3)1 were injected into this circuit at 5 bar from VA by means of P1 and through Ml (nozzle diameters: 1.8/0.9 mm) within 3 min. After the addition was completed, the above circuit was maintained for another 2 min at 3 bar. 2594 g of water were then injected into the above circuit via MI from VB within 13 min. After all the water had been added, the pre-emulsion was pre-homogenised for 4 min in the circuit, a sample was taken for determi-n;ng the particle size and homogenisation was carried out in passes in the jet disperser with a pressure drop of AP = 95 bar. The results are given in Table 3.
Table 3 Pass Pressure Particle size Pre-emulsion Emulsifier Emulsion no. drop dP 0 [[im] time required content stability [bar] [min] [%] [months]
V 3/5 4.326 25 0.64 -1 95 0.621 >6 2 95 0.611 >6 C. Silicone oil emulsions Example 12 5 1850 g of water were added at 50 C to 150 g of melted emulsifier mixture -corresponding to 3 wt.% based on the total batch - of an ethoxylated triglyceride and an ethoxylated tridecylalcohol with a total HLB value of 13.5 in VC (see Fig.
2) and pumped for 2 min at 3 bar in the circuit VC-+P3-+M1-*VC, cooled, and 3000 g of a diorganopolysiloxane having a viscosity rl = 350 mPas were injected into this 10 circuit within 18 min from VA by means of Pl at 5 bar into Ml (nozzle diameters 1.4/0.7 mm). Homogenisation was then carried out in STR-D with a pressure drop of 250 bar. The results are given in Table 4.
FxampLe 13 1550 g of water were added at 45 C to 200 g of melted emulsifier mixture -corresponding to 4 wt.% based on the total batch - of an ethoxylated triglyceride and an ethoxylated tridecylalcohol with a total HLB value of 15.4 in VC (see Fig.
2) and pumped for 2 min at 3 bar in the circuit (nozzle diameters 1.4/0.7 mm), cooled, and 1750 g of a diorganopolysiloxane having a viscosity rl = 350 mPas were injected into this circuit within 5.5 min from VA by means of P1 at 5 bar into Ml (nozzle diameters 2.1/1.0 mm). After the addition was completed, pumping was continued in the circuit for another 5 minutes at 3 bar. 1500 g of water from VB were then injected via Ml at 5 bar within 8 minutes. After a further 5 min circuit at 3 bar, homogenisation was carried out in STR-D with a pressure drop of 250 bar. The results are given in Table 4.
Example 14 1240 g of water were added at 50 C to 180 g of melted emulsifier mixture -corresponding to 4.5 wt.% based on the total batch - of an ethoxylated triglyceride and an ethoxylated tridecylalcohol with a total HLB value of 15.4 in VC (see Fig. 2) and pumped for 1 min at 3 bar in the circuit VC-*P3--+M1-->VC, cooled, and 800 g of a diorganopolysiloxane having a viscosity rI = 350 mPas were injected into this circuit within 1.5 min from VA by means of P1 at 5 bar into M1 (nozzle diameters 2.1/1.0 mm). After the addition was completed, pumping was continued in the circuit for another 2 minutes at 3 bar. 1780 g of water from VB were then injected via Ml at 5 bar within 8.5 minutes and homogenisation was carried out in the same circuit for 2.min at 3 bar. Homogenisation was then carried out in STR-D with a pressure drop of 200 bar. The results are given in Table 4.
Example 15 (Comparative example) 620 g of water were added at 50 C to 90 g of melted emulsifier mixture -corresponding to 4.5 wt.% based on the total batch - of an ethoxylated triglyceride and an ethoxylated tridecylalcohol with a total HLB value of 15.4 in an agitated vessel and stirred for 3 min, cooled, and 400 g of a diorganopolysiloxane having a viscosity rj = 350 mPas were added via a dropping funnel with stirring within min. After the addition was completed, stirring was continued for another 5 minutes at 400 rpm before 890 g of water were added within 27 minutes at 300 rpm (considerable foaming). The pre-emulsion was homogenised in a conventional homogeniser of the Gaulin type in 2 passes with a pressure drop of AP = 200 bar.
The results are given in Table 4.
i ,.
Table 4 Pass Particle size Pre-emulsion time Active substance Emulsion stability no. 0 [ m] required [min] concentration [%] [months]
Example Example Example Example 12" 13" 1431 1 5 ' 12 13 14 15 12 13 14 15 12 13 14 15 12 13 14 15 V V V v - - - 18 23.5 14 45 60 35 20 20 - - - -1 1 1 1 1.0 0.960 2.743 3.411 60 35 20 20 >6 >6 6 2 2 2 2 0.9 0.832 0.910 3.317 60 35 20 20 >6 >6 6 n 3 3 3 3 0.8 0.787 0.822 2.534 60 35 20 20 >6 >6 6 <6 4 4 4 0.777 0.798 2.406 >6 6 <6 4.
4.
2.362 <6 4.
O
2.254 <6 N o 1) 5000 g batch 2) 5000 g batch 3) 4000 g batch 4) 2000 g batch Example 16 2800 g of water, 4.6 g of 37% hydrochloric acid, 5.25 g of glycine, 51.3 g of glycerol, 200 g of an alkylbenzylammonium bromide, 30 g of an ethoxylated tridecylalcohol with an HLB value of 11.4 and 22.6 g of glycol were charged to VC
(see Fig. 2) and pumped in the circuit VC-*P3-)~M1-+VC for 30 s at 3 bar. 2056 g of a hydrogen-bearing organopolysiloxane having a viscosity rl = 40 mPas were injected into the above circuit at 7 bar within 100 s from VA by means of Pl into Ml (nozzle diameters: 1.8/0.9 mm). After the addition was completed, the pre-emulsion was pumped into the buffer vessel VD and homogenised at a slightly later stage by means of P4 in one pass in jet disperser STR-D with a pressure drop of OP = 250 bar. The results are given in Table 5.
Table 5 Example Pass Particle Time Total Stability no. no. size [min/s] emulsific- [months]
0 [ m] ation time [min/s]
16 V 2'10"
1 0.368 4'40" >6 6'50"
D. Silicone emulsion in the mixing station Example 17 A mixture of 96.6 g of an ethoxylated tridecylalcohol with an HLB value of 11.4, 552.72 g of a polydimethylsiloxane with a viscosity rl = 500 mPas, 994.84 g of a mineral oil raffinate with a boiling range of 382 - 432 C and 691.04 g of a di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was pumped out of the vessel VA at a pressure of 3 bar first for one minute via Ml (nozzle diameters: 1.4/0.6 mm) in the circuit VA-+P1-+M1--+VA. A solution of 464.52 g of water and 0.28 g of benzylalcohol monohemiformal was then injected into this circuit within 3 minutes at a pressure of 3.5 - 4 bar via VC-+P3-+Ml. After all the water had been added, pumping was continued in the circuit VA-+P1-*M1-+VA for another 3 minutes at a pressure of bar. This circuit was maintained for another 10 minutes with a pressure of 12 bar. A
high-viscosity stable emulsion is obtained. The results are given in Table 6.
Table 6 Example no. Time Particle size Viscosity Stability [min/sec] 0 [ m] [mPas] [months]
1 0.368 4'40" >6 6'50"
D. Silicone emulsion in the mixing station Example 17 A mixture of 96.6 g of an ethoxylated tridecylalcohol with an HLB value of 11.4, 552.72 g of a polydimethylsiloxane with a viscosity rl = 500 mPas, 994.84 g of a mineral oil raffinate with a boiling range of 382 - 432 C and 691.04 g of a di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was pumped out of the vessel VA at a pressure of 3 bar first for one minute via Ml (nozzle diameters: 1.4/0.6 mm) in the circuit VA-+P1-+M1--+VA. A solution of 464.52 g of water and 0.28 g of benzylalcohol monohemiformal was then injected into this circuit within 3 minutes at a pressure of 3.5 - 4 bar via VC-+P3-+Ml. After all the water had been added, pumping was continued in the circuit VA-+P1-*M1-+VA for another 3 minutes at a pressure of bar. This circuit was maintained for another 10 minutes with a pressure of 12 bar. A
high-viscosity stable emulsion is obtained. The results are given in Table 6.
Table 6 Example no. Time Particle size Viscosity Stability [min/sec] 0 [ m] [mPas] [months]
17 17 1.748 2670 >6 Example 18 (according to the invention) 2800 g of a polydimethylsiloxane with a viscosity rl = 1000 mPas were injected via the active substance circuit VA-+P1->M1-+VA into a solution of 171.9 g of an ethoxylated triglyceride with an HLB value of 18.1 and 148.1 g of an ethoxylated tridecyl alcohol with an HLB value of 11.4 in 800 g of water which was situated in the circuit VC--+P3-*M1. The initial absolute pressure of the active substance circuit was raised in so doing from 5 to 12 bar within 9 minutes. The pressure of the circuit VC-+P3--+M1 accompanied this increase - 2 bars lower in each case. After a total of 12 minutes, the feed of active substance had ended and a viscous white paste was obtained. This is pumped, with cooling, for another 14 minutes in the circuit VC-).P3-*M1 at 10 bar.
4080 g of water were then injected at 25 C from VB by means of P2 at a pressure of 12 bar in approx. 5 minutes. In so doing, the pressure fell to 4.5 bar as the dilution increased in the circuit VC-)-.P3-+M1, the pump P2 accompanying this fall at a pressure 2 bars higher. After all the water had been added, the pressure in the circuit VC-*P3-),M1 was raised to 80 bar and the emulsion was removed from the mixing station via Ml.
A low-viscosity, stable emulsion was obtained.
The results are given in Table 7.
Example 19 (according to the invention) 10 2800 g of a polydimethylsiloxane with a viscosity rj = 350 mPas were injected via the active substance circuit VA->Pl--*M1-).VA into a solution of 171.9 g of an ethoxylated triglyceride with an HLB value of 18.1 and 148.1 g of an ethoxylated tridecylalcohol with an HLB value of 11.4 in 800 g of water which was situated in the circuit VC->P3-+M1. The initial absolute pressure of the active substance circuit 15 was raised in so doing from 7 to 10 bar within 6 minutes. The pressure of the circuit VC-+P3--+M1 accompanied this increase - 2 bars lower in each case. After a total of 6 minutes, the feed of active substance had ended and a viscous white paste was obtained. This was pumped, with cooling, for another 20 minutes in the circuit VC-->P3-+M1 at 10 bar.
4080 g of water were then injected at 25 C from VB by means of P2 at a pressure of 10 bar within approx. 5 minutes. In so doing, the pressure fell to 4 bar as the dilution increased in the circuit VC-.>P3--*M1, the pump P2 accompanying this fall at a pressure 2 bars higher. After all the water had been added, the pressure in the circuit VC--+P3-+M1 was raised to 80 bar and the emulsion was removed from the mixing station via M l .
A low-viscosity, stable emulsion was obtained.
The results are given in Table 7.
Table 7 Example no. Time Particle size Ugo Stability [min/sec] 0 [ m] [months]
4080 g of water were then injected at 25 C from VB by means of P2 at a pressure of 12 bar in approx. 5 minutes. In so doing, the pressure fell to 4.5 bar as the dilution increased in the circuit VC-)-.P3-+M1, the pump P2 accompanying this fall at a pressure 2 bars higher. After all the water had been added, the pressure in the circuit VC-*P3-),M1 was raised to 80 bar and the emulsion was removed from the mixing station via Ml.
A low-viscosity, stable emulsion was obtained.
The results are given in Table 7.
Example 19 (according to the invention) 10 2800 g of a polydimethylsiloxane with a viscosity rj = 350 mPas were injected via the active substance circuit VA->Pl--*M1-).VA into a solution of 171.9 g of an ethoxylated triglyceride with an HLB value of 18.1 and 148.1 g of an ethoxylated tridecylalcohol with an HLB value of 11.4 in 800 g of water which was situated in the circuit VC->P3-+M1. The initial absolute pressure of the active substance circuit 15 was raised in so doing from 7 to 10 bar within 6 minutes. The pressure of the circuit VC-+P3--+M1 accompanied this increase - 2 bars lower in each case. After a total of 6 minutes, the feed of active substance had ended and a viscous white paste was obtained. This was pumped, with cooling, for another 20 minutes in the circuit VC-->P3-+M1 at 10 bar.
4080 g of water were then injected at 25 C from VB by means of P2 at a pressure of 10 bar within approx. 5 minutes. In so doing, the pressure fell to 4 bar as the dilution increased in the circuit VC-.>P3--*M1, the pump P2 accompanying this fall at a pressure 2 bars higher. After all the water had been added, the pressure in the circuit VC--+P3-+M1 was raised to 80 bar and the emulsion was removed from the mixing station via M l .
A low-viscosity, stable emulsion was obtained.
The results are given in Table 7.
Table 7 Example no. Time Particle size Ugo Stability [min/sec] 0 [ m] [months]
18 32 0.689 1.541 >6 19 32 0.531 1.168 >6
Claims (15)
1. A device for the preparation of an aqueous emulsion comprising an active substance component and an aqueous phase, said active component is selected from a silicone and a silane, with a first mixing station for the emulsion components fed by means of pumps from storage tanks wherein - the first mixing station has a mixing apparatus, in which nozzles comprising a first nozzle and a second nozzle, mix a jet of active substance with the aqueous phase to a pre-emulsion, - the distance between the nozzles is 1 to 10 times the diameter of the second nozzle, - the diameter of the second nozzle is about 2 to 3 times as large as the diameter of the first nozzle, - the mixing station is connected to a jet disperser, whereby the jet disperser receives the pre-emulsion leaving the mixing station, - the pressure drop in the jet disperser is between 2 and 1000 bar, and - an intermediate container acting as a buffer vessel is connected to the mixing apparatus, and wherein the jet disperser receives the pre-emulsion via the intermediate container.
2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the mixing station has a pre-homogenisation apparatus, in which the pre-emulsion is pre-homogenised in a circuit.
3. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein a dilution apparatus is arranged before the mixing station and the jet disperser.
4. The device according to claim 1, wherein the pressure difference between the nozzles of the mixing apparatus is between 1 to 10 bar.
5. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first nozzle of the mixing apparatus injects the jet of active substance into the aqueous phase fed in, and in that the second nozzle intensively mixes and homogenises the jet of active substance with the aqueous phase.
6. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the jet disperser is composed of several nozzles arranged one behind the other.
7. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the absolute pressure drop in the mixing station is between 2 and 100 bar.
8. The device according to claim 3, wherein the pressure difference between the nozzles of the mixing apparatus is between 1 to 10 bar;
wherein the first nozzle of the mixing apparatus injects the jet of active substance into the aqueous phase fed in, and in that the second nozzle intensively mixes and homogenises the jet of active substance with the aqueous phase;
wherein the jet dispenser is composed of several nozzles arranged one behind the other;
wherein the absolute pressure drop in the mixing station is between 2 and 100 bar; and wherein the dilution apparatus is composed of a container containing residual water and optional additives and a pump by means of which water is added to the pre-emulsion by means of the nozzle of the mixing unit.
wherein the first nozzle of the mixing apparatus injects the jet of active substance into the aqueous phase fed in, and in that the second nozzle intensively mixes and homogenises the jet of active substance with the aqueous phase;
wherein the jet dispenser is composed of several nozzles arranged one behind the other;
wherein the absolute pressure drop in the mixing station is between 2 and 100 bar; and wherein the dilution apparatus is composed of a container containing residual water and optional additives and a pump by means of which water is added to the pre-emulsion by means of the nozzle of the mixing unit.
9. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the jet disperser is connected to a storage tank, from which the emulsion can be fed again to the jet disperser by means of a pump.
10. A process for the preparation of fine-particle aqueous emulsions comprising an active component selected from a silicone and a silane with a U90 value of less than 1.2 using the device according to claim 1, comprising - the preparation of the pre-emulsion by injecting the active component selected from silicone and silane into the aqueous phase containing emulsifier in the mixing station, whereby a pressure difference depending on the nozzle dimensions of a maximum of 10 bar is maintained between the two streams with an absolute pressure drop of less than 100 bar, - the homogenisation of the pre-emulsion is accomplished by means of the jet disperser, whereby the U90 value is determined according to the following formula:
in which d1O represents the diameter of the smallest and d90 represents the diameter of the largest particles remaining after subtraction of 10% by weight of the particles with the smallest and the largest diameters from a given quantity of particles, and in which the d50-value represents the diameter of the particle, that is larger as 50% by weight of all the particles and smaller than 50% by weight of all the particles.
in which d1O represents the diameter of the smallest and d90 represents the diameter of the largest particles remaining after subtraction of 10% by weight of the particles with the smallest and the largest diameters from a given quantity of particles, and in which the d50-value represents the diameter of the particle, that is larger as 50% by weight of all the particles and smaller than 50% by weight of all the particles.
11. The process according to claim 10, wherein the pre-emulsion leaving the mixing station is fed directly or via the buffer vessel to the jet disperser.
12. The process according to claim 10, wherein the pre-emulsion is pre-homogenised in the mixing station in a circuit before being fed to the jet disperser.
13. The process according to claim 11, wherein the pre-emulsion is homogenised with a deficient amount of water in the mixing station in a circuit before being fed to the jet disperser where it is optionally inverted and then brought to the required concentration by dilution.
14. The process according to claim 11, wherein pre-emulsion is homogenised with a deficient amount of water in the mixing station in a circuit, and then brought to the required concentration with water by means of a downstream dilution apparatus before being fed to the jet disperser.
15. The process according to claims 12 and 13, wherein the dilution water contains thickeners.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19742308 | 1997-09-25 | ||
| DE19742308.6 | 1997-09-25 | ||
| DE19814267A DE19814267A1 (en) | 1997-09-25 | 1998-03-31 | Device and method for producing silicone emulsions |
| DE19814267.6 | 1998-03-31 | ||
| PCT/EP1998/006058 WO1999015263A1 (en) | 1997-09-25 | 1998-09-23 | Device and method for producing silicone emulsions |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CA2304644A1 CA2304644A1 (en) | 1999-04-01 |
| CA2304644C true CA2304644C (en) | 2007-06-26 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CA002304644A Expired - Fee Related CA2304644C (en) | 1997-09-25 | 1998-09-23 | A process and a device for the preparation of silicone emulsions |
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| EP (1) | EP1023118B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2001517545A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1137768C (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE244057T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU9627598A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2304644C (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ299330B6 (en) |
| HU (1) | HU224664B1 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL135151A0 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL191077B1 (en) |
| SI (1) | SI20193A (en) |
| TR (1) | TR200000774T2 (en) |
| TW (1) | TW445283B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1999015263A1 (en) |
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| DE19933440A1 (en) * | 1999-07-16 | 2001-01-18 | Bayer Ag | Dispersing nozzle with variable throughput |
| FR2820343A1 (en) * | 2001-02-02 | 2002-08-09 | Rhodia Chimie Sa | PROCESS FOR EMULSION OF A SILICONE OILY PHASE IN AQUEOUS PHASE, RESULTING EMULSION, AND APPLICATION TO THE PRODUCTION OF ANTI-MOIST EMULSIONS |
| JP2006507921A (en) * | 2002-06-28 | 2006-03-09 | プレジデント・アンド・フェロウズ・オブ・ハーバード・カレッジ | Method and apparatus for fluid dispersion |
| US7351749B2 (en) * | 2002-12-16 | 2008-04-01 | Unilever Home & Personal Care Usa, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Process for manufacture of personal care products utilizing a concentrate water phase |
| WO2004071638A2 (en) * | 2003-02-11 | 2004-08-26 | Regents Of The University Of California, The | Microfluidic devices and method for controlled viscous shearing and formation of amphiphilic vesicles |
| EP1757357B1 (en) | 2004-03-23 | 2013-04-24 | Japan Science and Technology Agency | Method and device for producing micro-droplets |
| DE102004018283A1 (en) * | 2004-04-15 | 2005-11-03 | Wacker-Chemie Gmbh | Process for the continuous production of silicone emulsions |
| DE102004023911A1 (en) * | 2004-05-13 | 2005-12-01 | Wacker-Chemie Gmbh | Process for the discontinuous production of silicone emulsions |
| DE102005004871A1 (en) * | 2005-02-03 | 2006-08-10 | Degussa Ag | Highly viscous aqueous emulsions of functional alkoxysilanes, their condensed oligomers, organopolysiloxanes, their preparation and their use for the surface treatment of inorganic materials |
| EP1690886A1 (en) | 2005-02-12 | 2006-08-16 | Ciba Spezialitätenchemie Pfersee GmbH | Combination of amino-functional and acrylato-functional polyorganosiloxanes |
| EP1787712A1 (en) * | 2005-11-17 | 2007-05-23 | Sika Technology AG | Mixing device for liquids |
| JP5023902B2 (en) * | 2007-09-06 | 2012-09-12 | 株式会社日立プラントテクノロジー | Emulsifying device |
| EP2145912A1 (en) | 2008-07-19 | 2010-01-20 | Momentive Performance Materials GmbH | Method of coating substrates |
| WO2011138348A1 (en) * | 2010-05-05 | 2011-11-10 | Basf Se | Method for producing fine particle suspensions by melt emulsification |
| CN101921397B (en) * | 2010-08-24 | 2012-04-18 | 泸州北方化学工业有限公司 | Device and method for mixing and reacting halogenated silane with reaction medium |
| DE102010056345B4 (en) * | 2010-12-29 | 2017-01-19 | Siegfried Zech | Process for the preparation of an oil-water emulsion |
| CN102961987A (en) * | 2012-12-18 | 2013-03-13 | 江南大学 | Emulsification technology and emulsification equipment for premixed continuous high-viscosity silicone oil |
| JP5972434B2 (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2016-08-17 | 株式会社 美粒 | Emulsified dispersion manufacturing system |
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| FR1486341A (en) * | 1965-07-12 | 1967-06-23 | Manton Gaulin Mfg Company | Improvements for obtaining dispersions of finely divided solids in a liquid vehicle |
| DE3230289A1 (en) * | 1982-08-14 | 1984-02-16 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | PRODUCTION OF PHARMACEUTICAL OR COSMETIC DISPERSIONS |
| DE3916465A1 (en) * | 1989-05-20 | 1990-11-22 | Bayer Ag | PRODUCTION OF SPHERICAL DISPERSIONS BY CRYSTALLIZATION OF EMULSIONS |
| GB2233572B (en) * | 1989-07-10 | 1994-03-23 | Neptune Orient Lines Limited | Method and apparatus for producing layer-in-oil emulsions |
| CA2050624C (en) * | 1990-09-06 | 1996-06-04 | Vladimir Vladimirowitsch Fissenko | Method and device for acting upon fluids by means of a shock wave |
| DE4202973A1 (en) * | 1992-02-03 | 1993-08-05 | Bayer Ag | METHOD FOR THE CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION OF POLYURETHANE AND POLYURETHANE URBAN ELASTOMERS |
| DE4309971A1 (en) * | 1993-03-26 | 1994-09-29 | Bayer Ag | Impregnation emulsion for mineral building materials |
| EP0685544B1 (en) * | 1994-06-03 | 1999-08-18 | Bayer Ag | Aqueous two-component polyurethane lacquer emulsions and process for their preparation |
| IL116709A (en) * | 1995-01-10 | 2000-02-29 | Procter & Gamble | Continuous process for the preparation of high internal phase emulsion |
| DE19605674A1 (en) * | 1996-02-15 | 1997-08-21 | Wacker Chemie Gmbh | Self-priming building material coatings |
| DE19617086A1 (en) * | 1996-04-29 | 1997-10-30 | Bayer Ag | Process for the preparation of aqueous coating compositions for stove enamels |
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1998
- 1998-09-23 PL PL339495A patent/PL191077B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-09-23 AU AU96275/98A patent/AU9627598A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-09-23 IL IL13515198A patent/IL135151A0/en unknown
- 1998-09-23 CN CNB988094886A patent/CN1137768C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-09-23 EP EP98950073A patent/EP1023118B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-09-23 TR TR2000/00774T patent/TR200000774T2/en unknown
- 1998-09-23 HU HU0004897A patent/HU224664B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-09-23 JP JP2000512624A patent/JP2001517545A/en active Pending
- 1998-09-23 CZ CZ20001079A patent/CZ299330B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-09-23 AT AT98950073T patent/ATE244057T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-09-23 SI SI9820069A patent/SI20193A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-09-23 WO PCT/EP1998/006058 patent/WO1999015263A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-09-23 CA CA002304644A patent/CA2304644C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-09-25 TW TW087115934A patent/TW445283B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1271299A (en) | 2000-10-25 |
| ATE244057T1 (en) | 2003-07-15 |
| EP1023118A1 (en) | 2000-08-02 |
| WO1999015263A8 (en) | 1999-08-05 |
| PL191077B1 (en) | 2006-03-31 |
| CZ20001079A3 (en) | 2000-09-13 |
| EP1023118B1 (en) | 2003-07-02 |
| HUP0004897A3 (en) | 2004-04-28 |
| CA2304644A1 (en) | 1999-04-01 |
| CN1137768C (en) | 2004-02-11 |
| TR200000774T2 (en) | 2001-07-23 |
| AU9627598A (en) | 1999-04-12 |
| JP2001517545A (en) | 2001-10-09 |
| IL135151A0 (en) | 2001-05-20 |
| PL339495A1 (en) | 2000-12-18 |
| CZ299330B6 (en) | 2008-06-25 |
| HUP0004897A2 (en) | 2001-06-28 |
| HU224664B1 (en) | 2005-12-28 |
| TW445283B (en) | 2001-07-11 |
| WO1999015263A1 (en) | 1999-04-01 |
| SI20193A (en) | 2000-10-31 |
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