CA2298479C - Spiral slot line resonator - Google Patents
Spiral slot line resonator Download PDFInfo
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- CA2298479C CA2298479C CA 2298479 CA2298479A CA2298479C CA 2298479 C CA2298479 C CA 2298479C CA 2298479 CA2298479 CA 2298479 CA 2298479 A CA2298479 A CA 2298479A CA 2298479 C CA2298479 C CA 2298479C
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Abstract
A dielectric resonator includes a slot line constructed by providing a slot electrode having a spiral slot at one of an external face of a dielectric layer and inside of the dielectric layer and a shielding conductor provided at a predetermined distance from the slot electrode, wherein the slot line is employed as a resonant line.
Description
SPIRAL SLOT LINE RESONATOR
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a dielectric resonator, an inductor, a capacitor, a dielectric filter, and an oscillator which are produced by forming an electrode on a dielectric substrate, and a communication device using the above.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a dielectric resonator, an inductor, a capacitor, a dielectric filter, and an oscillator which are produced by forming an electrode on a dielectric substrate, and a communication device using the above.
2. Description of the Related Art Microstrip line resonators or slot line resonators are known as resonators employing dielectric substrates for use in a microwave band or a millimeter wave band.
A conventional slot line resonator is a single resonator constructed using a linear slot line having a length of half a wavelength. Since the slot line resonator has continuous electrodes surrounding slots, electromagnetic energy at the surroundings of the slot line resonator is highly efficiently enclosed.
Therefore, when the slot line resonator is implemented in a high-frequency circuit, there is an advantage in that less interference with other circuits occurs.
Conductor loss of the resonator using the conventional slot line whose cross-sectional view is shown in Figs. 19A and 19B is described.
The electrode, which constitutes the slots, is divided into three regions, i.e., an electrode edge region, an electrode top face region, and an electrode bottom face region. Computation of the conductor loss is performed on each region using a simulator. The following Table. 1 shows the ratio of the conductor loss in the top and bottom face regions of the electrode to the total conductor loss in a slot line in which the sizes shown in Fig. 19A are employed.
RATIO OF LOSS OF TOP AND
SLOT WIDTH BOTTOM FACES OF ELECTRODE TO
TOTAL CONDUCTOR LOSS
l0ym 77%
25 E~m 84 50 «m 88 100 ym 90 Regardless of the slot width, loss in the top and bottom faces of the electrode occupies the major portion of the total conductor loss. When, for example, the slot width is 100 E~m, approximately ninety percent of the total loss occurs at the top and bottom faces of the electrode.
Although dielectric loss occurs in the slot line resonator, the conductor loss is the dominant factor.
As described above, the conductor loss in the top and bottom faces of the electrode occupies the major portion of the total conductor loss caused by the so-called "skin effect". The skin effect occurs because of a nonuniform distribution of current inside the electrode, in other words, because of greater current density at the surface of the electrode.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a dielectric filter, an inductor, a capacitor, and an oscillator which effectively reduce conductor loss due to the skin effect and which constitute a dielectric resonator having a high unloaded Q-factor (Qo), as well as a communication device using the above.
To this end, according to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a dielectric resonator including a slot line constructed by providing a slot electrode having a spiral slot at an external face of a dielectric layer or inside of the dielectric layer and a shield conductor provided at a predetermined distance from the slot electrode. The slot line is employed as a resonant line.
Hereinafter, an end of the spiral provided at the outermost circumference thereof is denoted as an exterior end while an end of the spiral provided at the innermost circumference thereof is denoted as an interior end. Fig. 17 shows the electromagnetic field distribution in a linear slot line and directions of the currents induced by the magnetic field. Broken curved lines represent the direction of the magnetic field, solid curved lines represent that of the electric field, and linear arrows represent that of currents in the slot electrode induced by electromagnetic waves propagating in the slot. A remarkable point is that the directions of currents flowing through the electrode on both sides of the slot are mutually opposite.
The present invention constructively takes advantage of this effect. That is, by forming the slot line into a spiral shape, currents flowing through the electrode between neighboring slots are counterbalanced whereby conductor loss is reduced.
As a typical slot line, the slot line in which one end thereof is a short-circuit end and the other end thereof is an open end may be employed. In this case, it is preferable that the line length be ~.~/2 or ~.~/4 when the resonant wavelength of the resonator is denoted as ~,9. Since the direction of the magnetic field is unchanged between nodes of a standing wave in the resonator, the direction of the current induced in the slot electrode is also unchanged in the section. When the directions of the currents through the electrode on both sides of the entire slot are unchanged, by forming spiraled slots, the current counterbalance always occurs between neighboring slots. When a node of the standing wave exists in the resonator, by forming spiraled slots, there is a part in which the current density is increased. Therefore, it is preferable that the resonator (the slot) length be ~,~/2 or ~.~/4.
The width of the slot line may be wider in the proximity of the short-circuit end thereof than in the proximity of the open end thereof. The current density of the electrode on both sides is maximum at the short-circuit end thereof and zero at the open end thereof. By forming spiraled slots, since the slots accompanied by the electrode whose current density is different are disposed closely, though the counterbalance occurs, the current counterbalance effect does not cause the current value to be zero. Accordingly, it is preferable that the slot width be gradually changed so that the current counterbalance occurs over the entire slot, whereby, as a result, the current value approaches zero.
In the dielectric resonator, the width of the slot line may be changed through substantially the entire body thereof. Furthermore, the width of the slot line may be changed in a curved manner in accordance with the position in the longitudinal direction thereof.
In -the dielectric resonator, one end of the slot line may be a short-circuit end and the other end thereof may be an open end thereby employing the slot line as a quarter-wavelength resonant line. Because of this, the entire line length becomes shorter and the area occupied by the slot line is also further reduced.
In the dielectric resonator, an exterior circumferential end of the slot line may be a spiral short-circuit end, thereby employing the slot line as a quarter-wavelength resonant line or a half-wavelength resonant line. That is, the quarter-wavelength resonator line is obtained in a case where the interior end is an open end, while the half-wavelength resonator line is obtained in a case where the interior end is a short-circuit end. Both cases make the value of the magnetic field intensity at the exterior end of the spiral slot line be maximum.
In the dielectric resonator, the slot electrode may have two spiral slots whose exterior circumferences are connected to each other having a substantially point-symmetry relationship therebetween and the interior circumferential ends of the two slots are individually employed as short-circuit ends of the slot line.
Since this construction makes the symmetry point have a maximum electric field value and makes each of the interior ends of the two spiral slot lines individually have maximum magnetic field values, the electromagnetic field is highly efficiently enclosed.
In the dielectric resonator, the slot electrode may have two spiral slots whose exterior circumferences are connected to each other so as to have a line-symmetry relationship therebetween and the interior circumferential ends of the two slots are individually employed as short-circuit ends of the slot line.
This construction makes the position on the symmetry line to have a maximum electric field value, and makes the distance between neighboring slot lines wider.
In the dielectric resonator, the slot may have a spiral shape obtained by deforming the entire body thereof into a substantial rectangle, which can reduce the area occupied by the spiral slot for the dielectric substrate.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an inductor including a slot line constructed by providing a slot electrode having a spiral slot at one of an external face of a dielectric layer and inside of the dielectric layer and a shielding conductor provided at a predetermined distance from the slot electrode. In the inductor, an end of the slot line is a short-circuit end and the length of the slot is not more than one-eighth of a transmission wavelength of the slot line.
In the inductor, the width of the slot line may be wider in the proximity of a short-circuit end thereof than in the proximity of an open end thereof, which makes the current density distribution in the longitudinal direction of the slot line uniform, whereby the total conductor loss is reduced.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a capacitor including a slot line constructed by providing a slot electrode having a spiral slot at one of an external face of a dielectric layer and inside of the dielectric layer and a shielding conductor provided at a predetermined distance from the slot electrode. In the capacitor, an end of the slot line is an open end and the length of the slot is not more than one-eighth of a transmission wavelength of the slot line.
In the capacitor, the width of the slot line may be wider in the proximity of a short-circuit end thereof than in the proximity of an open end thereof, which makes the current density distribution in the longitudinal direction of the slot line uniform, whereby the total conductor loss is reduced.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a dielectric filter including a signal input/output unit and any one of the above dielectric resonators.
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an oscillator including a negative resistance circuit and any one of the above dielectric resonators. In the oscillator, the negative resistance circuit and the dielectric resonator are coupled.
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a communication device including at least one of the above described inductor, the above described capacitor, the above described dielectric filter, and the above described oscillator.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figs. 1A and 1 B are diagrams showing the construction of a dielectric resonator according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the construction of a dielectric resonator according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a diagram showing the construction of a dielectric resonator according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a diagram showing the construction of a dielectric filter according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
Figs. 5A and 5B are diagrams showing constructions of dielectric filters according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention;
Figs. 6A and 6B are diagrams showing constructions of an inductor and a capacitor according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is a diagram showing an example of applying the dielectric resonator _ g _ to a fin line;
Fig. 8 is a diagram showing a pattern of a rectangular spiral slot;
Figs. 9A, 9B, and 9C are diagrams showing another pattern of a rectangular spiral slot;
Fig. 10 is a diagram showing the construction of an oscillator;
Fig. 11 is a plan view showing another construction of a dielectric resonator;
Figs. 12A and 12B are graphs showing changing patterns of the slot width of the dielectric resonator;
Fig. 13 is a plan view showing another construction of the dielectric resonator;
Fig. 14 is a plan view showing further another construction of the dielectric resonator;
Fig. 15 is a sectional view showing still another construction of the dielectric resonator;
Fig. 16 is a block diagram showing the construction of a communication device;
Fig. 17 is a diagram showing an example of an electromagnetic field distribution in a straight slot line;
Fig. 18 is a diagram showing a magnetic field intensity distribution in the proximity of the slot line; and Figs. 19A and 19B are diagrams showing construction parameters which are used for computation of conductor loss in the slot line.
Fig. 20 is a diagram showing the construction of a dielectric duplexer according to the present invention;
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The construction of a dielectric resonator according to a first embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to Figs. 1A and 1 B. Fig. 1A
is a perspective view showing primary parts of the dielectric resonator, and Fig. 1 B is a perspective view showing a distribution of currents flowing in the proximity of slots. The slots are regions between parts of an electrode in which the dielectric body is exposed. In Figs. 1A and 1 B, a dielectric substrate 1 has a slot electrode 2 having spiral slots at the top face thereof, and has a shielding electrode 5 formed on substantially the entire bottom face thereof. An upper shielding electrode 3 is provided at a predetermined distance above the dielectric substrate 1. A slot line, the upper shielding electrode 3, the shielding electrode 5, an air layer between the slot line and the upper shielding electrode 3, and a dielectric layer between the slot line and the shielding electrode 5 constitute a resonator. In the peripheral region of the slot line, an electromagnetic field is distributed in the dielectric layer as well as in the outer air layer.
As shown in Figs. 1A and 1 B, the interior end of the slot is a short-circuit end while the exterior end thereof is an open end. When the resonant wavelength of the resonator is denoted as ~.9, it is preferable that the length of the slot be ~,~/4 or ~.~/2. The reason for this is described hereinbefore.
When the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave distributed in the air layer is denoted as ~o, it is preferable that the upper shielding electrode 3 be provided within ~.~/2 from the slot electrode 2 in view of shielding effect. Such a provision of the upper shielding electrode 3 blocks the radiation of waves toward the outside and the incidence of waves from the outside, thereby acting as a dielectric resonator.
In Fig. 1 B, solid arrows represent the direction of a current induced at an exterior circumference of the spiral, and broken arrows represent the direction of a current induced at an interior circumference thereof. Because the currents, which have opposite directions, flow so closely between neighboring slots, currents flowing between neighboring slots are counterbalanced over the entire slot line.
Therefore, the conductor loss is greatly reduced between neighboring parts of the slot line.
In order to prove the above counterbalance effect, the intensity of a magnetic field which is caused by three parallel slot lines in close proximity to one another, as shown in Fig. 18, is computed using a finite element method (FEM).
In Fig. 18, the upper part of the diagram is a graph showing the distribution of the magnetic field intensity; the middle part of the diagram is a cross sectional view showing the three parallel slot lines; and the lower part of the diagram is a plan view of the three parallel slot lines. In this case, it is assumed that electromagnetic waves having the same phase are excited in each of the three slot lines. The values of construction parameters as shown in Fig. 18 are used.
As is obvious from the upper part of the diagram, currents flow extremely densely at edges of the electrodes while the current density decreases drastically further from the edges. The magnetic field intensity in a region "B" is noticeably less than that in a region "A". The region "A" is a region which does not have a slot further outside. Accordingly, it can be understood that the current density between neighboring slots becomes very low, whereby the conductor loss is greatly decreased.
To~ confirm the above-efifect, the inventors produced a resonator having a structure shown in Fig. 1. The open-end of the resonator was connected with an open-end of an another resonator to form a single resonator. The width of the slot was 20,u m and the resonant frequency of the respective resonator was 70GHz.
Then, unloaded Q of the resonator was 100.
Also, a comparative resonator was produced. The comparative resonator utilized a slot line whose width was 20,ccm and length was the same as the combined slot lines of the above-resonator, but the slot was straight. The unloaded Q of the comparative resonator was 40.
The construction of a dielectric resonator according to a second embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to Fig. 2.
Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing primary parts of the dielectric resonator. A
dielectric substrate 1 has a slot electrode 2a having spiral slots formed at the top face thereof. As shown in Fig. 2, the slot has an open end at the interior end thereof, which is circular and has no electrode, and has a short-circuit end at the exterior end thereof. When the wavelength in the slot line is denoted as ~.9, the slot length is ~.~/4, thereby constituting a quarter-wavelength resonator.
Upper and lower shielding electrodes 3 and 4 are provided above and below the dielectric substrate 1, respectively, within a half-wavelength from the slot electrode 2a. The provision of the upper and lower shielding electrodes 3 and 4 blocks the radiation of waves toward the outside and the incidence of waves from the outside, thereby acting as a dielectric resonator.
By making the exterior end of the spiral slot a short-circuit end, since a maximum magnetic intensity point exists outside of the spiral, it is easy to couple the slot with an external circuit. For example, by providing a coaxial probe in the proximity of this short-circuit end, magnetic field coupling between the coaxial probe and the slot line occurs.
The lower shielding electrode 4 is not necessary when the dielectric substrate 1 in Fig. 2 has a shielding electrode formed on substantially the entire bottom face thereof in the same manner as the case in Figs. 1 A and 1 B.
The construction of a dielectric resonator according to a third embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to Fig. 3. In Fig. 3, a dielectric substrate 1 has a slot electrode 2b at the top face thereof. An upper shielding electrode 3 is provided at a predetermined distance above a dielectric substrate 1.
The slot electrode 2b with spiral slots, the dielectric layer of the dielectric substrate 1, and the outer air layer constitute a slot line.
The slots of the spiral electrode 2b have a configuration in which two slots whose rotating directions are identical are connected, while having a point-symmetrical relationship. This slot line has short-circuit ends at two interior ends B1 and B2 of the spiral slots. The length of the slot line is ~.~/2 so that the symmetry axis A is equivalent to an open end, whereby a half-wavelength resonator is constituted.
By thus providing two spirals, in proximity to each other, whose rotating directions are identical, the direction of the current induced at a slot in the proximity of the region indicated by "A", and the direction of the current induced at neighboring slots on both sides of the slot are counterbalanced. Therefore, the conductor loss due to the skin effect at a part having these three slots in proximity to each other can be reduced. Accordingly, compared with the spiral slot line having a single spiral shape, the space occupied by the slots on the dielectric substrate can be reduced, which enables the entire device to be further miniaturized.
By further increasing the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate due to a decrease in the length represented by "L" in Fig. 3, more electromagnetic energy is enclosed in the dielectric substrate, which reduces the radiation of electromagnetic energy toward the outside.
The construction of a dielectric filter according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to Fig. 4.
A dielectric substrate 1 has a slot electrode 2c at the top face (as observed in the Fig. 4) thereof and has a slot electrode 7, whose pattern is the same as that of the electrode slot 2c (mirror-symmetry), at the bottom face thereof. By providing the slot electrodes 2c and 7 at both faces of the dielectric substrate, a slot line having a double slot structure is constructed. The slot electrode 2c has a structure in which two spirals, whose rotating directions are opposite, are connected so as to have a line-symmetry relationship between these two spirals.
This slot line has short-circuit ends at interior ends B1 and B2 of the two spirals and the line length is ~.~/2 so that a symmetry axis A' is an equivalent open-end, thereby constituting a half-wavelength resonator.
The dielectric substrate 1 has a coplanar line formed by the pattern of the slot electrode 2c on the top face and the central conductor of the coplanar line is disposed so as to be perpendicular to slots at the region A'. The coplanar line has a ground electrode at the bottom face thereof. This construction enables electric-field coupling between the coplanar line and the slot line to occur, which makes a dielectric filter having the coplanar line as a signal input/output unit. This filter functions in the same manner as the equivalent circuit of a band erase filter (BEF) provided with a one-stage trap resonator between a transmission line and a ground.
As shown in Fig. 4, when two slots are disposed so as to have a line-symmetry relationship, since a region in which the exterior circumferences of two slots are connected to each other is separated from a spiral slot region, it is easy to provide the input/output circuit to the line of the symmetry axis.
Accordingly, matching between the filter and the input/output circuit is increased.
The construction of a dielectric filter according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to Figs. 5A and 5B.
In Fig. 5A, resonators R1 and R2, constructed using slot lines, are individually identical to the resonator shown in Fig. 4. By providing the two slot lines closely, magnetic-field coupling occurs. Thus, a two-stage resonator constitutes a dielectric filter having bandpass characteristics where ports #1 and #2 using coplanar lines are employed as input/output units.
In Fig. 5B, resonators R1, R2 and R3, constructed using slot lines, are individually identical to the resonator shown in Fig. 4. By providing the three slot lines close to one another in the above mentioned order, magnetic-field coupling occurs at a region of one slot line in close proximity to another slot line.
Thus, a three-stage resonator constitutes a dielectric filter having bandpass characteristics where ports #1 and #2 using coplanar lines are employed as input/output units.
The construction of an inductor and a capacitor according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to Figs. 6A
and 6B.
In Fig. 6A, a dielectric substrate 1 has a spiral slot electrode 2d at the top face thereof and an upper shielding electrode 3 at a predetermined distance above the dielectric substrate 1. When the wavelength of the slot line is ~.9, the length of the slot line is determined to be not more than ~.~/8. The interior end of the slot line is a short-circuit end.
When the time-average of the electrical energy We of the slot line and the time-average of the magnetic energy of the slot line Wm in the construction shown in Fig. 6A satisfy the relationship Wm » We, the slot line functions as a lumped circuit inductance element when observed from the exterior end of the slot line.
In Fig 6B, the length of the slot line is determined to be not more than ~.~/8 and the interior end of the slot line is an open end. The rest of the construction in Fig. 6B is the same as that in Fig. 6A. In the construction in Fig. 6B, the relationship Wm « We is obtained, and the slot line functions as a lumped circuit capacitance element when observed from the exterior end of the slot line.
Fig. 7 is a partial perspective view showing the construction of a dielectric resonator according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention. In Fig.
A conventional slot line resonator is a single resonator constructed using a linear slot line having a length of half a wavelength. Since the slot line resonator has continuous electrodes surrounding slots, electromagnetic energy at the surroundings of the slot line resonator is highly efficiently enclosed.
Therefore, when the slot line resonator is implemented in a high-frequency circuit, there is an advantage in that less interference with other circuits occurs.
Conductor loss of the resonator using the conventional slot line whose cross-sectional view is shown in Figs. 19A and 19B is described.
The electrode, which constitutes the slots, is divided into three regions, i.e., an electrode edge region, an electrode top face region, and an electrode bottom face region. Computation of the conductor loss is performed on each region using a simulator. The following Table. 1 shows the ratio of the conductor loss in the top and bottom face regions of the electrode to the total conductor loss in a slot line in which the sizes shown in Fig. 19A are employed.
RATIO OF LOSS OF TOP AND
SLOT WIDTH BOTTOM FACES OF ELECTRODE TO
TOTAL CONDUCTOR LOSS
l0ym 77%
25 E~m 84 50 «m 88 100 ym 90 Regardless of the slot width, loss in the top and bottom faces of the electrode occupies the major portion of the total conductor loss. When, for example, the slot width is 100 E~m, approximately ninety percent of the total loss occurs at the top and bottom faces of the electrode.
Although dielectric loss occurs in the slot line resonator, the conductor loss is the dominant factor.
As described above, the conductor loss in the top and bottom faces of the electrode occupies the major portion of the total conductor loss caused by the so-called "skin effect". The skin effect occurs because of a nonuniform distribution of current inside the electrode, in other words, because of greater current density at the surface of the electrode.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a dielectric filter, an inductor, a capacitor, and an oscillator which effectively reduce conductor loss due to the skin effect and which constitute a dielectric resonator having a high unloaded Q-factor (Qo), as well as a communication device using the above.
To this end, according to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a dielectric resonator including a slot line constructed by providing a slot electrode having a spiral slot at an external face of a dielectric layer or inside of the dielectric layer and a shield conductor provided at a predetermined distance from the slot electrode. The slot line is employed as a resonant line.
Hereinafter, an end of the spiral provided at the outermost circumference thereof is denoted as an exterior end while an end of the spiral provided at the innermost circumference thereof is denoted as an interior end. Fig. 17 shows the electromagnetic field distribution in a linear slot line and directions of the currents induced by the magnetic field. Broken curved lines represent the direction of the magnetic field, solid curved lines represent that of the electric field, and linear arrows represent that of currents in the slot electrode induced by electromagnetic waves propagating in the slot. A remarkable point is that the directions of currents flowing through the electrode on both sides of the slot are mutually opposite.
The present invention constructively takes advantage of this effect. That is, by forming the slot line into a spiral shape, currents flowing through the electrode between neighboring slots are counterbalanced whereby conductor loss is reduced.
As a typical slot line, the slot line in which one end thereof is a short-circuit end and the other end thereof is an open end may be employed. In this case, it is preferable that the line length be ~.~/2 or ~.~/4 when the resonant wavelength of the resonator is denoted as ~,9. Since the direction of the magnetic field is unchanged between nodes of a standing wave in the resonator, the direction of the current induced in the slot electrode is also unchanged in the section. When the directions of the currents through the electrode on both sides of the entire slot are unchanged, by forming spiraled slots, the current counterbalance always occurs between neighboring slots. When a node of the standing wave exists in the resonator, by forming spiraled slots, there is a part in which the current density is increased. Therefore, it is preferable that the resonator (the slot) length be ~,~/2 or ~.~/4.
The width of the slot line may be wider in the proximity of the short-circuit end thereof than in the proximity of the open end thereof. The current density of the electrode on both sides is maximum at the short-circuit end thereof and zero at the open end thereof. By forming spiraled slots, since the slots accompanied by the electrode whose current density is different are disposed closely, though the counterbalance occurs, the current counterbalance effect does not cause the current value to be zero. Accordingly, it is preferable that the slot width be gradually changed so that the current counterbalance occurs over the entire slot, whereby, as a result, the current value approaches zero.
In the dielectric resonator, the width of the slot line may be changed through substantially the entire body thereof. Furthermore, the width of the slot line may be changed in a curved manner in accordance with the position in the longitudinal direction thereof.
In -the dielectric resonator, one end of the slot line may be a short-circuit end and the other end thereof may be an open end thereby employing the slot line as a quarter-wavelength resonant line. Because of this, the entire line length becomes shorter and the area occupied by the slot line is also further reduced.
In the dielectric resonator, an exterior circumferential end of the slot line may be a spiral short-circuit end, thereby employing the slot line as a quarter-wavelength resonant line or a half-wavelength resonant line. That is, the quarter-wavelength resonator line is obtained in a case where the interior end is an open end, while the half-wavelength resonator line is obtained in a case where the interior end is a short-circuit end. Both cases make the value of the magnetic field intensity at the exterior end of the spiral slot line be maximum.
In the dielectric resonator, the slot electrode may have two spiral slots whose exterior circumferences are connected to each other having a substantially point-symmetry relationship therebetween and the interior circumferential ends of the two slots are individually employed as short-circuit ends of the slot line.
Since this construction makes the symmetry point have a maximum electric field value and makes each of the interior ends of the two spiral slot lines individually have maximum magnetic field values, the electromagnetic field is highly efficiently enclosed.
In the dielectric resonator, the slot electrode may have two spiral slots whose exterior circumferences are connected to each other so as to have a line-symmetry relationship therebetween and the interior circumferential ends of the two slots are individually employed as short-circuit ends of the slot line.
This construction makes the position on the symmetry line to have a maximum electric field value, and makes the distance between neighboring slot lines wider.
In the dielectric resonator, the slot may have a spiral shape obtained by deforming the entire body thereof into a substantial rectangle, which can reduce the area occupied by the spiral slot for the dielectric substrate.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an inductor including a slot line constructed by providing a slot electrode having a spiral slot at one of an external face of a dielectric layer and inside of the dielectric layer and a shielding conductor provided at a predetermined distance from the slot electrode. In the inductor, an end of the slot line is a short-circuit end and the length of the slot is not more than one-eighth of a transmission wavelength of the slot line.
In the inductor, the width of the slot line may be wider in the proximity of a short-circuit end thereof than in the proximity of an open end thereof, which makes the current density distribution in the longitudinal direction of the slot line uniform, whereby the total conductor loss is reduced.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a capacitor including a slot line constructed by providing a slot electrode having a spiral slot at one of an external face of a dielectric layer and inside of the dielectric layer and a shielding conductor provided at a predetermined distance from the slot electrode. In the capacitor, an end of the slot line is an open end and the length of the slot is not more than one-eighth of a transmission wavelength of the slot line.
In the capacitor, the width of the slot line may be wider in the proximity of a short-circuit end thereof than in the proximity of an open end thereof, which makes the current density distribution in the longitudinal direction of the slot line uniform, whereby the total conductor loss is reduced.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a dielectric filter including a signal input/output unit and any one of the above dielectric resonators.
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an oscillator including a negative resistance circuit and any one of the above dielectric resonators. In the oscillator, the negative resistance circuit and the dielectric resonator are coupled.
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a communication device including at least one of the above described inductor, the above described capacitor, the above described dielectric filter, and the above described oscillator.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figs. 1A and 1 B are diagrams showing the construction of a dielectric resonator according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the construction of a dielectric resonator according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a diagram showing the construction of a dielectric resonator according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a diagram showing the construction of a dielectric filter according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
Figs. 5A and 5B are diagrams showing constructions of dielectric filters according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention;
Figs. 6A and 6B are diagrams showing constructions of an inductor and a capacitor according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is a diagram showing an example of applying the dielectric resonator _ g _ to a fin line;
Fig. 8 is a diagram showing a pattern of a rectangular spiral slot;
Figs. 9A, 9B, and 9C are diagrams showing another pattern of a rectangular spiral slot;
Fig. 10 is a diagram showing the construction of an oscillator;
Fig. 11 is a plan view showing another construction of a dielectric resonator;
Figs. 12A and 12B are graphs showing changing patterns of the slot width of the dielectric resonator;
Fig. 13 is a plan view showing another construction of the dielectric resonator;
Fig. 14 is a plan view showing further another construction of the dielectric resonator;
Fig. 15 is a sectional view showing still another construction of the dielectric resonator;
Fig. 16 is a block diagram showing the construction of a communication device;
Fig. 17 is a diagram showing an example of an electromagnetic field distribution in a straight slot line;
Fig. 18 is a diagram showing a magnetic field intensity distribution in the proximity of the slot line; and Figs. 19A and 19B are diagrams showing construction parameters which are used for computation of conductor loss in the slot line.
Fig. 20 is a diagram showing the construction of a dielectric duplexer according to the present invention;
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The construction of a dielectric resonator according to a first embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to Figs. 1A and 1 B. Fig. 1A
is a perspective view showing primary parts of the dielectric resonator, and Fig. 1 B is a perspective view showing a distribution of currents flowing in the proximity of slots. The slots are regions between parts of an electrode in which the dielectric body is exposed. In Figs. 1A and 1 B, a dielectric substrate 1 has a slot electrode 2 having spiral slots at the top face thereof, and has a shielding electrode 5 formed on substantially the entire bottom face thereof. An upper shielding electrode 3 is provided at a predetermined distance above the dielectric substrate 1. A slot line, the upper shielding electrode 3, the shielding electrode 5, an air layer between the slot line and the upper shielding electrode 3, and a dielectric layer between the slot line and the shielding electrode 5 constitute a resonator. In the peripheral region of the slot line, an electromagnetic field is distributed in the dielectric layer as well as in the outer air layer.
As shown in Figs. 1A and 1 B, the interior end of the slot is a short-circuit end while the exterior end thereof is an open end. When the resonant wavelength of the resonator is denoted as ~.9, it is preferable that the length of the slot be ~,~/4 or ~.~/2. The reason for this is described hereinbefore.
When the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave distributed in the air layer is denoted as ~o, it is preferable that the upper shielding electrode 3 be provided within ~.~/2 from the slot electrode 2 in view of shielding effect. Such a provision of the upper shielding electrode 3 blocks the radiation of waves toward the outside and the incidence of waves from the outside, thereby acting as a dielectric resonator.
In Fig. 1 B, solid arrows represent the direction of a current induced at an exterior circumference of the spiral, and broken arrows represent the direction of a current induced at an interior circumference thereof. Because the currents, which have opposite directions, flow so closely between neighboring slots, currents flowing between neighboring slots are counterbalanced over the entire slot line.
Therefore, the conductor loss is greatly reduced between neighboring parts of the slot line.
In order to prove the above counterbalance effect, the intensity of a magnetic field which is caused by three parallel slot lines in close proximity to one another, as shown in Fig. 18, is computed using a finite element method (FEM).
In Fig. 18, the upper part of the diagram is a graph showing the distribution of the magnetic field intensity; the middle part of the diagram is a cross sectional view showing the three parallel slot lines; and the lower part of the diagram is a plan view of the three parallel slot lines. In this case, it is assumed that electromagnetic waves having the same phase are excited in each of the three slot lines. The values of construction parameters as shown in Fig. 18 are used.
As is obvious from the upper part of the diagram, currents flow extremely densely at edges of the electrodes while the current density decreases drastically further from the edges. The magnetic field intensity in a region "B" is noticeably less than that in a region "A". The region "A" is a region which does not have a slot further outside. Accordingly, it can be understood that the current density between neighboring slots becomes very low, whereby the conductor loss is greatly decreased.
To~ confirm the above-efifect, the inventors produced a resonator having a structure shown in Fig. 1. The open-end of the resonator was connected with an open-end of an another resonator to form a single resonator. The width of the slot was 20,u m and the resonant frequency of the respective resonator was 70GHz.
Then, unloaded Q of the resonator was 100.
Also, a comparative resonator was produced. The comparative resonator utilized a slot line whose width was 20,ccm and length was the same as the combined slot lines of the above-resonator, but the slot was straight. The unloaded Q of the comparative resonator was 40.
The construction of a dielectric resonator according to a second embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to Fig. 2.
Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing primary parts of the dielectric resonator. A
dielectric substrate 1 has a slot electrode 2a having spiral slots formed at the top face thereof. As shown in Fig. 2, the slot has an open end at the interior end thereof, which is circular and has no electrode, and has a short-circuit end at the exterior end thereof. When the wavelength in the slot line is denoted as ~.9, the slot length is ~.~/4, thereby constituting a quarter-wavelength resonator.
Upper and lower shielding electrodes 3 and 4 are provided above and below the dielectric substrate 1, respectively, within a half-wavelength from the slot electrode 2a. The provision of the upper and lower shielding electrodes 3 and 4 blocks the radiation of waves toward the outside and the incidence of waves from the outside, thereby acting as a dielectric resonator.
By making the exterior end of the spiral slot a short-circuit end, since a maximum magnetic intensity point exists outside of the spiral, it is easy to couple the slot with an external circuit. For example, by providing a coaxial probe in the proximity of this short-circuit end, magnetic field coupling between the coaxial probe and the slot line occurs.
The lower shielding electrode 4 is not necessary when the dielectric substrate 1 in Fig. 2 has a shielding electrode formed on substantially the entire bottom face thereof in the same manner as the case in Figs. 1 A and 1 B.
The construction of a dielectric resonator according to a third embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to Fig. 3. In Fig. 3, a dielectric substrate 1 has a slot electrode 2b at the top face thereof. An upper shielding electrode 3 is provided at a predetermined distance above a dielectric substrate 1.
The slot electrode 2b with spiral slots, the dielectric layer of the dielectric substrate 1, and the outer air layer constitute a slot line.
The slots of the spiral electrode 2b have a configuration in which two slots whose rotating directions are identical are connected, while having a point-symmetrical relationship. This slot line has short-circuit ends at two interior ends B1 and B2 of the spiral slots. The length of the slot line is ~.~/2 so that the symmetry axis A is equivalent to an open end, whereby a half-wavelength resonator is constituted.
By thus providing two spirals, in proximity to each other, whose rotating directions are identical, the direction of the current induced at a slot in the proximity of the region indicated by "A", and the direction of the current induced at neighboring slots on both sides of the slot are counterbalanced. Therefore, the conductor loss due to the skin effect at a part having these three slots in proximity to each other can be reduced. Accordingly, compared with the spiral slot line having a single spiral shape, the space occupied by the slots on the dielectric substrate can be reduced, which enables the entire device to be further miniaturized.
By further increasing the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate due to a decrease in the length represented by "L" in Fig. 3, more electromagnetic energy is enclosed in the dielectric substrate, which reduces the radiation of electromagnetic energy toward the outside.
The construction of a dielectric filter according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to Fig. 4.
A dielectric substrate 1 has a slot electrode 2c at the top face (as observed in the Fig. 4) thereof and has a slot electrode 7, whose pattern is the same as that of the electrode slot 2c (mirror-symmetry), at the bottom face thereof. By providing the slot electrodes 2c and 7 at both faces of the dielectric substrate, a slot line having a double slot structure is constructed. The slot electrode 2c has a structure in which two spirals, whose rotating directions are opposite, are connected so as to have a line-symmetry relationship between these two spirals.
This slot line has short-circuit ends at interior ends B1 and B2 of the two spirals and the line length is ~.~/2 so that a symmetry axis A' is an equivalent open-end, thereby constituting a half-wavelength resonator.
The dielectric substrate 1 has a coplanar line formed by the pattern of the slot electrode 2c on the top face and the central conductor of the coplanar line is disposed so as to be perpendicular to slots at the region A'. The coplanar line has a ground electrode at the bottom face thereof. This construction enables electric-field coupling between the coplanar line and the slot line to occur, which makes a dielectric filter having the coplanar line as a signal input/output unit. This filter functions in the same manner as the equivalent circuit of a band erase filter (BEF) provided with a one-stage trap resonator between a transmission line and a ground.
As shown in Fig. 4, when two slots are disposed so as to have a line-symmetry relationship, since a region in which the exterior circumferences of two slots are connected to each other is separated from a spiral slot region, it is easy to provide the input/output circuit to the line of the symmetry axis.
Accordingly, matching between the filter and the input/output circuit is increased.
The construction of a dielectric filter according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to Figs. 5A and 5B.
In Fig. 5A, resonators R1 and R2, constructed using slot lines, are individually identical to the resonator shown in Fig. 4. By providing the two slot lines closely, magnetic-field coupling occurs. Thus, a two-stage resonator constitutes a dielectric filter having bandpass characteristics where ports #1 and #2 using coplanar lines are employed as input/output units.
In Fig. 5B, resonators R1, R2 and R3, constructed using slot lines, are individually identical to the resonator shown in Fig. 4. By providing the three slot lines close to one another in the above mentioned order, magnetic-field coupling occurs at a region of one slot line in close proximity to another slot line.
Thus, a three-stage resonator constitutes a dielectric filter having bandpass characteristics where ports #1 and #2 using coplanar lines are employed as input/output units.
The construction of an inductor and a capacitor according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to Figs. 6A
and 6B.
In Fig. 6A, a dielectric substrate 1 has a spiral slot electrode 2d at the top face thereof and an upper shielding electrode 3 at a predetermined distance above the dielectric substrate 1. When the wavelength of the slot line is ~.9, the length of the slot line is determined to be not more than ~.~/8. The interior end of the slot line is a short-circuit end.
When the time-average of the electrical energy We of the slot line and the time-average of the magnetic energy of the slot line Wm in the construction shown in Fig. 6A satisfy the relationship Wm » We, the slot line functions as a lumped circuit inductance element when observed from the exterior end of the slot line.
In Fig 6B, the length of the slot line is determined to be not more than ~.~/8 and the interior end of the slot line is an open end. The rest of the construction in Fig. 6B is the same as that in Fig. 6A. In the construction in Fig. 6B, the relationship Wm « We is obtained, and the slot line functions as a lumped circuit capacitance element when observed from the exterior end of the slot line.
Fig. 7 is a partial perspective view showing the construction of a dielectric resonator according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention. In Fig.
7, the dielectric substrate 1 is disposed inside of a rectangular waveguide whereby a fin line is constructed. The dielectric substrate 1 has a slot electrode 2f at the top face thereof, as observed in the Fig. 7. The pattern of the slot electrode 2f is identical to the corresponding slot electrode shown in Fig. 3. This structure enables the fin line including the dielectric resonator to be constructed, and also enables the dielectric resonator to function as a bandpass filter which allows a resonant frequency signal of the dielectric resonator to be passed.
In the above embodiments, examples are described in which a spiral slot whose curvature monotonically varies is formed in a generally circular region.
Alternatively, the slot may have a rectangular spiral shape which can be formed in a generally rectangular region as shown in Fig. 8. Accordingly, such a shape enables a space for a slot line having the required length to be secured even though the amount of space is limited, which can reduce the area occupied by the spiral slot for the dielectric substrate.
Fig. 9A shows one modification of the rectangular spiral slot shown in Fig.
In the above embodiments, examples are described in which a spiral slot whose curvature monotonically varies is formed in a generally circular region.
Alternatively, the slot may have a rectangular spiral shape which can be formed in a generally rectangular region as shown in Fig. 8. Accordingly, such a shape enables a space for a slot line having the required length to be secured even though the amount of space is limited, which can reduce the area occupied by the spiral slot for the dielectric substrate.
Fig. 9A shows one modification of the rectangular spiral slot shown in Fig.
8; Fig. 9B shows the bend in the encircled part of the spiral slot in Fig. 9A;
and Fig.
9C shows the bend in the encircled part in Fig. 8. When the slot width of a straight line part of the slot line and that of a bent part of the slot line are the same, as shown in Fig. 8, since the interior current path L;~ of the slot and the exterior current path Lo~, of the slot produce a physical path difference, the occurrence of a spurious mode is promoted. Accordingly, as shown in Fig. 9B, the slot width of the bent part is decreased to less than that of the straight line part so that the path difference between the interior path L;~' of the slot and the exterior path Lot' of the slot becomes smaller. Such a pattern can prevent the spurious mode from occurring.
Fig. 10 is a perspective view showing the construction of an oscillator. In Fig. 10, a dielectric substrate 1 has a slot electrode 2g formed on the top face thereof and a shielding electrode 5 on substantially the entire bottom face thereof.
An upper shielding electrode, which is not shown in Fig. 10, is provided at a predetermined distance above the dielectric substrate 1. The slot electrode 2g has a resonator part and an oscillation circuit part. In the resonator part, two spiral slots having a line-symmetry relationship, as shown in Fig. 4, are provided, whereby the resonator using a slot line is constituted. In the oscillation circuit part, a coplanar line, or another line which is changed into a coplanar line using a line-transition device, is connected to a negative-resistance circuit built by an FET
(field effect transistor) and the like. By connecting the negative-resistance circuit to the resonator built by the above slot lines, a band reflex oscillator is constructed.
The construction of another dielectric resonator having uneven slot widths +s described with reference to Figs. 11 and 12.
Fig. 11 is a plan view showing the dielectric resonator on a dielectric substrate. In the example shown in Fig. 3 and the like, it is assumed that the slot width of the slot line is even at any position of the longitudinal direction thereof.
However, in the example shown in Fig. 11, the slot width becomes wider from each open-end towards each short-circuit end. Apart from the pattern formed on a slot electrode 2h, the other components are identical to the corresponding ones shown in Fig. 3.
When the slot width of the slot line is even from one end to the other, the current density becomes a maximum at the short-circuit end and approximately zero at the equivalent open end. Therefore, by widening the slot width of the slot line from the open end toward the short-circuit end, the current density distribution of the slot line in the longitudinal direction becomes even, which prevents the current from becoming dense. As a result, the total conductor loss decreases and the unloaded Q factor further increases.
Even when the slot width is changed, by maintaining the distance between neighboring slots at a generally regular interval regardless of the position in the longitudinal direction of the slot, as shown in Fig. 11, the counterbalance action, which is caused by the currents flowing through two neighboring lines over the entire length of the slots, can be maintained.
Figs. 12A and 12B show relationships between the width of the slot line and the position in the longitudinal direction of the slot. In an example represented by broken lines "a" in Fig. 12A, when the slot width is 1 at the short circuit end and the slot width at the middle of the slot line (which is the equivalent open-end) is 0.5, the slot width is linearly changed in between. Such a linear change of the slot width facilitates the design and formation of the pattern of the slot electrode.
In an example represented by solid lines "b" in Fig. 12A, the slot width is linearly changed from the middle of the slot line up to the proximity of the short-circuit end thereof and the slot width is constant therefrom. When the slot width becomes wider towards the center of the spiral, as shown in Fig. 11, it is difficult to secure space for the slot line having the required length. However, by providing an upper limit of the slot width at around the proximity of each end of the slot line, the slot line having a predetermined length can be constructed without causing the area occupied by the slot line to increase.
In an example represented by solid lines "b" in Fig. 12B, a function of the slot width in the longitudinal direction of the slot line is a pattern which is expressed with a curve from the middle of the slot line to the short-circuit end. In this example, the function is an upward convex. Generally, when the current density of the slot line is observed macroscopically, the intensity is trigonometrically distributed along the longitudinal direction of the slot line so that the current density is Zero at the open end and a maximum value at the short-circuit ends. On the other hand, when the slot line is in a spiral shape and the current density distribution is microscopically observed, there is a component which expands in the lateral direction. This lateral-direction component exponentially changes in the lateral direction. Accordingly, it is considered that the current density in the longitudinal direction of the slot line can be expressed with an overall function obtained by combining the trigonometric function with the exponential function. The pattern represented by "b" in Fig. 12B is obtained by considering the above current density distribution. It is difficult to express the above function using a formula. The pattern of the slot line can be obtained using a simulation or the like so that the current density distribution is made uniform and a predetermined line length is obtained in a limited space.
The pattern represented by broken lines "a" in Fig. 12B is identical to the pattern represented by "a" in Fig. 12A. As represented by "a" and "b" in Figs.
and 12B, by causing the slot width to be a pattern which changes in accordance with the position in the longitudinal direction of the slot, since the values of currents flowing through two neighboring slots are close, an effective increase in the current counterbalance action is achieved.
Fig. 13 is a plan view showing a dielectric substrate having another dielectric resonator. In examples shown in Figs. 1A and 1 B and the like, the slot width of the slot line is even at any position of the longitudinal direction thereof. In the example shown in Fig. 13, the slot width becomes wider from the open end toward the short-circuit end. Apart from the pattern formed on the slot electrode, the other components are identical to the corresponding ones shown in Figs. 1 A
and 1 B. Such a construction causes the conductor loss to decrease as well as the unloaded Q factor to further increase, thereby functioning as a quarter-wavelength resonator.
Fig. 14 is a plan view of a dielectric substrate of further another dielectric resonator. In this dielectric resonator, a spiral slot line has a short-circuit end at the exterior circumferential end thereof and an open end at the interior circumferential end. In the examples shown in Fig. 2 and the like, the slot width of the slot line is even at any position of the longitudinal direction thereof.
In the example shown in Fig. 14, the slot width becomes wider from the open end toward the short-circuit end. Apart from the pattern formed on the slot electrode, the other components are identical to the corresponding ones shown in Fig. 2.
Such a construction also causes the unloaded Q factor to increase, thereby functioning as a quarter-wavelength resonator.
Regarding a capacitor or an inductor, in the same manner as in the case of the dielectric resonator, by making the slot width of the slot line wider from the open end toward the short-circuit end based on the construction shown in Fig.
6, the inductor and the capacitor having further reduced loss can be obtained.
Likewise, regarding a filter, in the same manner as in the case of the dielectric resonator, by making the slot width of the slot line wider from the open end toward the short-circuit end based on the construction shown in, for example, Fig. 4 or Fig. 5, the filter having further reduced insertion loss can be obtained.
In each embodiment described above, the slot electrode is constructed by being provided between the dielectric layer of the dielectric substrate 1 and the dielectric layer of the outer air. However, for example, as shown in a cross sectional diagram in Fig. 15, the slot electrode may be provided so that the electromagnetic field between the two dielectric layers of the upper arid lower electrodes is enclosed. That is, in Fig. 15, the construction of a dielectric substrate 1, a slot electrode 2 on the top face thereof, and a shielding electrode 5 on the bottom face thereof are identical to the corresponding components of the above-described embodiments. Furthermore, another dielectric layer of a dielectric substrate 1' is provided on the slot electrode 2 and has a shielding electrode 6 formed on the outer face thereof. In this case, the dielectric constants of the dielectric substrates 1 and 1' may be or may not be identical.
Fig. 20 shows one example of a duplexer according to the present invention.
The filter shown in Fig. 5A is used as a transmitting filter and a receiving filter.
The signs Tx, Rx ANT denote transmitting signal input port, receiving signal output port and transmitting/receiving input/output port respectively.
Fig. 16 is a block diagram showing the construction of a communication device using the above dielectric filter and oscillator. A mixer MIXa modulates a frequency signal, which is obtained by causing a frequency divider (synthesizer) DIV to divide an oscillating frequency generated at an oscillator OSC, with a modulating signal. A signal of transmission frequencies among the modulated signal is allowed to pass by a band pass filter BPFa and is power-amplified by an amplifier AMPa, and the amplified signal is transmitted via a duplexer DPX
from an antenna ANT toward the outside. A band pass filter BPFb allows a signal of received frequencies of an input signal from the duplexer DPX to pass, and an amplifier AMPb amplifies the received signal. A mixer MIXb mixes a frequency signal from a band pass filter BPFc with the received signal into an intermediate frequency signal IF.
The dielectric duplexer having the construction in Fig. 20 may be used as a duplexer DPX. The dielectric filters having the constructions in Figs. 5A and may be used as band pass filters BPFa, BPFb, and BPFc shown in Fig. 16, and the oscillator having the construction shown in Fig. 10 may be used as the oscillator OSC. These dielectric filters and oscillator are surface-mounted on a circuit substrate of a high frequency circuit unit. Thus, a compact communication device can be constructed.
Regarding the above inductor and capacitor, in the same manner as in the case of the dielectric filters and oscillator, a communication device is constructed by having inductors and capacitors surface-mounted on a circuit substrate of the high frequency circuit unit.
and Fig.
9C shows the bend in the encircled part in Fig. 8. When the slot width of a straight line part of the slot line and that of a bent part of the slot line are the same, as shown in Fig. 8, since the interior current path L;~ of the slot and the exterior current path Lo~, of the slot produce a physical path difference, the occurrence of a spurious mode is promoted. Accordingly, as shown in Fig. 9B, the slot width of the bent part is decreased to less than that of the straight line part so that the path difference between the interior path L;~' of the slot and the exterior path Lot' of the slot becomes smaller. Such a pattern can prevent the spurious mode from occurring.
Fig. 10 is a perspective view showing the construction of an oscillator. In Fig. 10, a dielectric substrate 1 has a slot electrode 2g formed on the top face thereof and a shielding electrode 5 on substantially the entire bottom face thereof.
An upper shielding electrode, which is not shown in Fig. 10, is provided at a predetermined distance above the dielectric substrate 1. The slot electrode 2g has a resonator part and an oscillation circuit part. In the resonator part, two spiral slots having a line-symmetry relationship, as shown in Fig. 4, are provided, whereby the resonator using a slot line is constituted. In the oscillation circuit part, a coplanar line, or another line which is changed into a coplanar line using a line-transition device, is connected to a negative-resistance circuit built by an FET
(field effect transistor) and the like. By connecting the negative-resistance circuit to the resonator built by the above slot lines, a band reflex oscillator is constructed.
The construction of another dielectric resonator having uneven slot widths +s described with reference to Figs. 11 and 12.
Fig. 11 is a plan view showing the dielectric resonator on a dielectric substrate. In the example shown in Fig. 3 and the like, it is assumed that the slot width of the slot line is even at any position of the longitudinal direction thereof.
However, in the example shown in Fig. 11, the slot width becomes wider from each open-end towards each short-circuit end. Apart from the pattern formed on a slot electrode 2h, the other components are identical to the corresponding ones shown in Fig. 3.
When the slot width of the slot line is even from one end to the other, the current density becomes a maximum at the short-circuit end and approximately zero at the equivalent open end. Therefore, by widening the slot width of the slot line from the open end toward the short-circuit end, the current density distribution of the slot line in the longitudinal direction becomes even, which prevents the current from becoming dense. As a result, the total conductor loss decreases and the unloaded Q factor further increases.
Even when the slot width is changed, by maintaining the distance between neighboring slots at a generally regular interval regardless of the position in the longitudinal direction of the slot, as shown in Fig. 11, the counterbalance action, which is caused by the currents flowing through two neighboring lines over the entire length of the slots, can be maintained.
Figs. 12A and 12B show relationships between the width of the slot line and the position in the longitudinal direction of the slot. In an example represented by broken lines "a" in Fig. 12A, when the slot width is 1 at the short circuit end and the slot width at the middle of the slot line (which is the equivalent open-end) is 0.5, the slot width is linearly changed in between. Such a linear change of the slot width facilitates the design and formation of the pattern of the slot electrode.
In an example represented by solid lines "b" in Fig. 12A, the slot width is linearly changed from the middle of the slot line up to the proximity of the short-circuit end thereof and the slot width is constant therefrom. When the slot width becomes wider towards the center of the spiral, as shown in Fig. 11, it is difficult to secure space for the slot line having the required length. However, by providing an upper limit of the slot width at around the proximity of each end of the slot line, the slot line having a predetermined length can be constructed without causing the area occupied by the slot line to increase.
In an example represented by solid lines "b" in Fig. 12B, a function of the slot width in the longitudinal direction of the slot line is a pattern which is expressed with a curve from the middle of the slot line to the short-circuit end. In this example, the function is an upward convex. Generally, when the current density of the slot line is observed macroscopically, the intensity is trigonometrically distributed along the longitudinal direction of the slot line so that the current density is Zero at the open end and a maximum value at the short-circuit ends. On the other hand, when the slot line is in a spiral shape and the current density distribution is microscopically observed, there is a component which expands in the lateral direction. This lateral-direction component exponentially changes in the lateral direction. Accordingly, it is considered that the current density in the longitudinal direction of the slot line can be expressed with an overall function obtained by combining the trigonometric function with the exponential function. The pattern represented by "b" in Fig. 12B is obtained by considering the above current density distribution. It is difficult to express the above function using a formula. The pattern of the slot line can be obtained using a simulation or the like so that the current density distribution is made uniform and a predetermined line length is obtained in a limited space.
The pattern represented by broken lines "a" in Fig. 12B is identical to the pattern represented by "a" in Fig. 12A. As represented by "a" and "b" in Figs.
and 12B, by causing the slot width to be a pattern which changes in accordance with the position in the longitudinal direction of the slot, since the values of currents flowing through two neighboring slots are close, an effective increase in the current counterbalance action is achieved.
Fig. 13 is a plan view showing a dielectric substrate having another dielectric resonator. In examples shown in Figs. 1A and 1 B and the like, the slot width of the slot line is even at any position of the longitudinal direction thereof. In the example shown in Fig. 13, the slot width becomes wider from the open end toward the short-circuit end. Apart from the pattern formed on the slot electrode, the other components are identical to the corresponding ones shown in Figs. 1 A
and 1 B. Such a construction causes the conductor loss to decrease as well as the unloaded Q factor to further increase, thereby functioning as a quarter-wavelength resonator.
Fig. 14 is a plan view of a dielectric substrate of further another dielectric resonator. In this dielectric resonator, a spiral slot line has a short-circuit end at the exterior circumferential end thereof and an open end at the interior circumferential end. In the examples shown in Fig. 2 and the like, the slot width of the slot line is even at any position of the longitudinal direction thereof.
In the example shown in Fig. 14, the slot width becomes wider from the open end toward the short-circuit end. Apart from the pattern formed on the slot electrode, the other components are identical to the corresponding ones shown in Fig. 2.
Such a construction also causes the unloaded Q factor to increase, thereby functioning as a quarter-wavelength resonator.
Regarding a capacitor or an inductor, in the same manner as in the case of the dielectric resonator, by making the slot width of the slot line wider from the open end toward the short-circuit end based on the construction shown in Fig.
6, the inductor and the capacitor having further reduced loss can be obtained.
Likewise, regarding a filter, in the same manner as in the case of the dielectric resonator, by making the slot width of the slot line wider from the open end toward the short-circuit end based on the construction shown in, for example, Fig. 4 or Fig. 5, the filter having further reduced insertion loss can be obtained.
In each embodiment described above, the slot electrode is constructed by being provided between the dielectric layer of the dielectric substrate 1 and the dielectric layer of the outer air. However, for example, as shown in a cross sectional diagram in Fig. 15, the slot electrode may be provided so that the electromagnetic field between the two dielectric layers of the upper arid lower electrodes is enclosed. That is, in Fig. 15, the construction of a dielectric substrate 1, a slot electrode 2 on the top face thereof, and a shielding electrode 5 on the bottom face thereof are identical to the corresponding components of the above-described embodiments. Furthermore, another dielectric layer of a dielectric substrate 1' is provided on the slot electrode 2 and has a shielding electrode 6 formed on the outer face thereof. In this case, the dielectric constants of the dielectric substrates 1 and 1' may be or may not be identical.
Fig. 20 shows one example of a duplexer according to the present invention.
The filter shown in Fig. 5A is used as a transmitting filter and a receiving filter.
The signs Tx, Rx ANT denote transmitting signal input port, receiving signal output port and transmitting/receiving input/output port respectively.
Fig. 16 is a block diagram showing the construction of a communication device using the above dielectric filter and oscillator. A mixer MIXa modulates a frequency signal, which is obtained by causing a frequency divider (synthesizer) DIV to divide an oscillating frequency generated at an oscillator OSC, with a modulating signal. A signal of transmission frequencies among the modulated signal is allowed to pass by a band pass filter BPFa and is power-amplified by an amplifier AMPa, and the amplified signal is transmitted via a duplexer DPX
from an antenna ANT toward the outside. A band pass filter BPFb allows a signal of received frequencies of an input signal from the duplexer DPX to pass, and an amplifier AMPb amplifies the received signal. A mixer MIXb mixes a frequency signal from a band pass filter BPFc with the received signal into an intermediate frequency signal IF.
The dielectric duplexer having the construction in Fig. 20 may be used as a duplexer DPX. The dielectric filters having the constructions in Figs. 5A and may be used as band pass filters BPFa, BPFb, and BPFc shown in Fig. 16, and the oscillator having the construction shown in Fig. 10 may be used as the oscillator OSC. These dielectric filters and oscillator are surface-mounted on a circuit substrate of a high frequency circuit unit. Thus, a compact communication device can be constructed.
Regarding the above inductor and capacitor, in the same manner as in the case of the dielectric filters and oscillator, a communication device is constructed by having inductors and capacitors surface-mounted on a circuit substrate of the high frequency circuit unit.
Claims (19)
1. A dielectric resonator comprising:
a slot line constructed by providing a slot electrode having a spiral slot at one of an external face of a dielectric layer and inside of the dielectric layer; and a shielding conductor provided at a predetermined distance from said slot electrode;
wherein said slot line is employed as a resonant line.
a slot line constructed by providing a slot electrode having a spiral slot at one of an external face of a dielectric layer and inside of the dielectric layer; and a shielding conductor provided at a predetermined distance from said slot electrode;
wherein said slot line is employed as a resonant line.
2. A dielectric resonator according to Claim 1, wherein the width of said slot line is wider in the proximity of a short-circuit end thereof than in the proximity of an open end thereof.
3. A dielectric resonator according to Claim 2, wherein the width of said slot line is changed from the open end of said slot line to the short-circuit end thereof overall.
4. A dielectric resonator according to Claim 3, wherein the width of said slot line is varied in a curved manner in accordance with a position in the longitudinal direction thereof.
5. A dielectric resonator according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, wherein:
one end of said slot line is a short-circuit end and the other end thereof is an open end; and said slot line is employed as a quarter-wavelength resonant line.
one end of said slot line is a short-circuit end and the other end thereof is an open end; and said slot line is employed as a quarter-wavelength resonant line.
6. A dielectric resonator according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, wherein:
an exterior circumferential end of said slot line is a short-circuit end; and said slot line is employed as one of a quarter-wavelength resonant line and a half-wavelength resonant line.
an exterior circumferential end of said slot line is a short-circuit end; and said slot line is employed as one of a quarter-wavelength resonant line and a half-wavelength resonant line.
7. A dielectric resonator according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, wherein:
said slot electrode has two spiral slots whose exterior circumferential ends are connected to each other so as to have a point-symmetry relationship therebetween; and the interior circumferential ends of the two slots are individually employed as short-circuit ends of said slot line.
said slot electrode has two spiral slots whose exterior circumferential ends are connected to each other so as to have a point-symmetry relationship therebetween; and the interior circumferential ends of the two slots are individually employed as short-circuit ends of said slot line.
8. A dielectric resonator according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, wherein:
said slot electrode has two spiral slots whose exterior circumferences are connected to each other so as to have a line-symmetry relationship therebetween;
and the interior circumferential ends of the two slots are individually employed as short-circuit ends of said slot line.
said slot electrode has two spiral slots whose exterior circumferences are connected to each other so as to have a line-symmetry relationship therebetween;
and the interior circumferential ends of the two slots are individually employed as short-circuit ends of said slot line.
9. A dielectric resonator according to any one of Claims 1 to 8, wherein the slot has a spiral shape obtained by deforming the entire body thereof into a substantial rectangle.
10. An inductor comprising:
a slot line constructed by providing a slot electrode having a spiral slot at one of an external face of a dielectric layer and inside of the dielectric layer; and a shielding conductor provided at a predetermined distance from said slot electrode; wherein:
an end of said slot line is a short-circuit end; and the length of the slot is not more than one-eighth of a transmission wavelength of said slot line.
a slot line constructed by providing a slot electrode having a spiral slot at one of an external face of a dielectric layer and inside of the dielectric layer; and a shielding conductor provided at a predetermined distance from said slot electrode; wherein:
an end of said slot line is a short-circuit end; and the length of the slot is not more than one-eighth of a transmission wavelength of said slot line.
11. An inductor according to Claim 10, wherein the width of said slot line is wider in the proximity of a short-circuit end thereof than in the proximity of an open end thereof.
12. A capacitor comprising:
a slot line constructed by providing a slot electrode having a spiral slot at one of an external face of a dielectric layer and inside of the dielectric layer; and a shielding conductor provided at a predetermined distance from said slot electrode; wherein:
an end of said slot line is an open end; and the length of the slot is not more than one-eighth of a transmission wavelength of said slot line.
a slot line constructed by providing a slot electrode having a spiral slot at one of an external face of a dielectric layer and inside of the dielectric layer; and a shielding conductor provided at a predetermined distance from said slot electrode; wherein:
an end of said slot line is an open end; and the length of the slot is not more than one-eighth of a transmission wavelength of said slot line.
13. A capacitor according to Claim 11, wherein the width of said slot line is wider in the proximity of a short-circuit end thereof than in the proximity of an open end thereof.
14. A dielectric filter comprising:
a signal input/output unit; and a dielectric resonator including:
a slot line constructed by providing a slot electrode having a spiral slot at one of an external face of a dielectric layer and inside of the dielectric layer;
and a shielding conductor provided at a predetermined distance from said slot electrode;
wherein said slot line is employed as a resonant line.
a signal input/output unit; and a dielectric resonator including:
a slot line constructed by providing a slot electrode having a spiral slot at one of an external face of a dielectric layer and inside of the dielectric layer;
and a shielding conductor provided at a predetermined distance from said slot electrode;
wherein said slot line is employed as a resonant line.
15. An oscillator comprising:
a negative resistance circuit; and a dielectric resonator including:
a slot line constructed by providing a slot electrode having a spiral slot at one of an external face of a dielectric layer and inside of the dielectric layer;
and a shielding conductor provided at a predetermined distance from said slot electrode;
wherein said slot line is employed as a resonant line;
wherein said negative resistance circuit and said dielectric resonator are coupled.
a negative resistance circuit; and a dielectric resonator including:
a slot line constructed by providing a slot electrode having a spiral slot at one of an external face of a dielectric layer and inside of the dielectric layer;
and a shielding conductor provided at a predetermined distance from said slot electrode;
wherein said slot line is employed as a resonant line;
wherein said negative resistance circuit and said dielectric resonator are coupled.
16. A communication device comprising an inductor including:
a slot line constructed by providing a slot electrode having a spiral slot at one of an external face of a dielectric layer and inside of the dielectric layer;
and a shielding conductor provided at a predetermined distance from said slot electrode; wherein:
an end of said slot line is a short-circuit end; and the length of the slot is not more than one-eighth of a transmission wavelength of said slot line.
a slot line constructed by providing a slot electrode having a spiral slot at one of an external face of a dielectric layer and inside of the dielectric layer;
and a shielding conductor provided at a predetermined distance from said slot electrode; wherein:
an end of said slot line is a short-circuit end; and the length of the slot is not more than one-eighth of a transmission wavelength of said slot line.
17. A communication device comprising a capacitor including:
a slot line constructed by providing a slot electrode having a spiral slot at one of an external face of a dielectric layer and inside of the dielectric layer;
and a shielding conductor provided at a predetermined distance from said slot electrode; wherein:
an end of said slot line is an open end; and the length of the slot is not more than one-eighth of a transmission wavelength of said slot line.
a slot line constructed by providing a slot electrode having a spiral slot at one of an external face of a dielectric layer and inside of the dielectric layer;
and a shielding conductor provided at a predetermined distance from said slot electrode; wherein:
an end of said slot line is an open end; and the length of the slot is not more than one-eighth of a transmission wavelength of said slot line.
18. A communication device comprising a dielectric filter including:
a signal input/output unit; and a dielectric resonator having:
a slot line constructed by providing a slot electrode having a .
spiral slot at one of an external face of a dielectric layer and inside of the dielectric layer; and a shielding conductor provided at a predetermined distance from said slot electrode;
wherein said slot line is employed as a resonant line.
a signal input/output unit; and a dielectric resonator having:
a slot line constructed by providing a slot electrode having a .
spiral slot at one of an external face of a dielectric layer and inside of the dielectric layer; and a shielding conductor provided at a predetermined distance from said slot electrode;
wherein said slot line is employed as a resonant line.
19. A communication device comprising an oscillator including: a negative resistance circuit; and a dielectric resonator having:
a slot line constructed by providing a slot electrode having a spiral slot at one of an external face of a dielectric layer and inside of the dielectric layer; and a shielding conductor provided at a predetermined distance from said slot electrode;
wherein said slot line is employed as a resonant line;
wherein said negative resistance circuit and said dielectric resonator are coupled.
a slot line constructed by providing a slot electrode having a spiral slot at one of an external face of a dielectric layer and inside of the dielectric layer; and a shielding conductor provided at a predetermined distance from said slot electrode;
wherein said slot line is employed as a resonant line;
wherein said negative resistance circuit and said dielectric resonator are coupled.
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11-44205 | 1999-02-23 | ||
| JP4420599 | 1999-02-23 | ||
| JP19017599 | 1999-07-05 | ||
| JP11-190175 | 1999-07-05 | ||
| JP2000016855A JP3440909B2 (en) | 1999-02-23 | 2000-01-26 | Dielectric resonator, inductor, capacitor, dielectric filter, oscillator, dielectric duplexer, and communication device |
| JP2000-16855 | 2000-01-26 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2298479A1 CA2298479A1 (en) | 2000-08-23 |
| CA2298479C true CA2298479C (en) | 2003-04-22 |
Family
ID=27291821
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2298479 Expired - Lifetime CA2298479C (en) | 1999-02-23 | 2000-02-10 | Spiral slot line resonator |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2298479C (en) |
-
2000
- 2000-02-10 CA CA 2298479 patent/CA2298479C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2298479A1 (en) | 2000-08-23 |
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| EEER | Examination request | ||
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Effective date: 20200210 |