CA2298153A1 - A cleaning apparatus for the adsorptive cleaning of propellent gas - Google Patents
A cleaning apparatus for the adsorptive cleaning of propellent gas Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2298153A1 CA2298153A1 CA 2298153 CA2298153A CA2298153A1 CA 2298153 A1 CA2298153 A1 CA 2298153A1 CA 2298153 CA2298153 CA 2298153 CA 2298153 A CA2298153 A CA 2298153A CA 2298153 A1 CA2298153 A1 CA 2298153A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- capacitor
- cleaning apparatus
- adsorption agent
- set forth
- cleaning
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
- B01D53/0454—Controlling adsorption
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Abstract
A cleaning apparatus for the adsorptive cleaning of propellent gas for the drive of a gas engine, which contains an adsorption agent which is formed in particular by activated carbon, wherein to measure the loading of the adsorption agent with adsorbed contaminants there is provided a capacitor (52) which as a dielectric contains an adsorption agent through which propellent gas flows.
Description
i Description The invention concerns a cleaning apparatus for the adsorptive cleaning of propellent gas for the drive of a gas engine, which contains an adsorption agent which is formed in particular by activated carbon.
Cleaning apparatuses of that kind are employed in particular in relation to the use of biogas as a propellent gas, in order to make it possible to use exhaust gas catalytic converters for the exhaust gases from the gas engine. The adsorption agent of the cleaning apparatus provides for filtering out trace agents which are contained in the biogas and which would otherwise quickly severely adversely affect operation of the engine and in particular any exhaust gas catalytic converter that may possibly be fitted.
As the adsorption agent, for example activated carbon, has only a limited absorption capability for the pollutants and contaminants which are to be filtered out, it is necessary from time to time either to replace the adsorption agent or to regenerate it, in particular by heating. In order to ensure that in that case the pollutants or contaminants which are liberated still do not nonetheless pass into the engine, the adsorption agent is desirably flushed during the regeneration procedure with a flushing gas which entrains the liberated substances and which is subsequently burnt off.
A cleaning apparatus of that kind is known from EP 0 818 617 A1.
In that case, it is also possible to provide two cleaning apparatuses for a single gas engine so that, upon regeneration of one of the two cleaning apparatuses, the gas engine can continue to be operated with the second cleaning apparatus. A respective regeneration procedure for a cleaning apparatus is implemented in each case after a given period of operation of the gas engine, after which experience has shown the cleaning efficiency of the cleaning apparatus begins to fall (which can be established by the i measurement of residual gas components in the biogas in preliminary experiments). As the degree of contamination of the biogas with pollutants and contaminants can vary very greatly, the interval between two cleaning operations cannot be selected to be too great, in which respect however the possibility cannot be completely excluded that a higher level of contamination of the propellent gas than expected means that saturation of the adsorption agent is already achieved at an earlier time.
The object of the present invention is to exactly determine the interval for the service life of the adsorption agent or between two regeneration operations in order to reduce a potential threat to the engine and the exhaust gas catalytic converter as a consequence of saturation of the adsorption agent.
In an apparatus of the kind set forth in the opening part of this specification, in accordance with the invention, that is achieved in that to measure the loading of the adsorption agent with adsorbed pollutants, there is provided a capacitor which as a dielectric contains adsorption agent through which propellent gas flows.
In that respect the invention is based on the realization that the dielectric constant of the adsorption agent is a function of the loading thereof with adsorbed substances. The loading of the adsorption agent can therefore be detected and monitored on the basis of a measurement of the dielectric constant of adsorption agent through which propellent gas flows. If adsorption agent through which propellent gas flows is used as the dielectric of a capacitor which is embedded in the adsorption agent of the cleaning apparatus, it is therefore possible to deduce the loading of the adsorption agent with adsorbed substances from a measurement of the capacitance of the capacitor, in which case when a maximum permitted loading which is close to saturation of the adsorption agent is reached, a regeneration operation or replacement can be implemented.
Cleaning apparatuses of that kind are employed in particular in relation to the use of biogas as a propellent gas, in order to make it possible to use exhaust gas catalytic converters for the exhaust gases from the gas engine. The adsorption agent of the cleaning apparatus provides for filtering out trace agents which are contained in the biogas and which would otherwise quickly severely adversely affect operation of the engine and in particular any exhaust gas catalytic converter that may possibly be fitted.
As the adsorption agent, for example activated carbon, has only a limited absorption capability for the pollutants and contaminants which are to be filtered out, it is necessary from time to time either to replace the adsorption agent or to regenerate it, in particular by heating. In order to ensure that in that case the pollutants or contaminants which are liberated still do not nonetheless pass into the engine, the adsorption agent is desirably flushed during the regeneration procedure with a flushing gas which entrains the liberated substances and which is subsequently burnt off.
A cleaning apparatus of that kind is known from EP 0 818 617 A1.
In that case, it is also possible to provide two cleaning apparatuses for a single gas engine so that, upon regeneration of one of the two cleaning apparatuses, the gas engine can continue to be operated with the second cleaning apparatus. A respective regeneration procedure for a cleaning apparatus is implemented in each case after a given period of operation of the gas engine, after which experience has shown the cleaning efficiency of the cleaning apparatus begins to fall (which can be established by the i measurement of residual gas components in the biogas in preliminary experiments). As the degree of contamination of the biogas with pollutants and contaminants can vary very greatly, the interval between two cleaning operations cannot be selected to be too great, in which respect however the possibility cannot be completely excluded that a higher level of contamination of the propellent gas than expected means that saturation of the adsorption agent is already achieved at an earlier time.
The object of the present invention is to exactly determine the interval for the service life of the adsorption agent or between two regeneration operations in order to reduce a potential threat to the engine and the exhaust gas catalytic converter as a consequence of saturation of the adsorption agent.
In an apparatus of the kind set forth in the opening part of this specification, in accordance with the invention, that is achieved in that to measure the loading of the adsorption agent with adsorbed pollutants, there is provided a capacitor which as a dielectric contains adsorption agent through which propellent gas flows.
In that respect the invention is based on the realization that the dielectric constant of the adsorption agent is a function of the loading thereof with adsorbed substances. The loading of the adsorption agent can therefore be detected and monitored on the basis of a measurement of the dielectric constant of adsorption agent through which propellent gas flows. If adsorption agent through which propellent gas flows is used as the dielectric of a capacitor which is embedded in the adsorption agent of the cleaning apparatus, it is therefore possible to deduce the loading of the adsorption agent with adsorbed substances from a measurement of the capacitance of the capacitor, in which case when a maximum permitted loading which is close to saturation of the adsorption agent is reached, a regeneration operation or replacement can be implemented.
i Further advantages and details of the invention are described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawing in which:
Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of an engine arrangement which includes a cleaning apparatus according to the invention, Figure 2 is a diagrammatic view of the cleaning apparatus, the housing containing the adsorption agent being shown in a perspective section through the longitudinal central plane, and Figure 3 is a diagrammatic perspective view of a part of the cylinder capacitor provided for measurement of the loading.
In the engine arrangement shown in Figure 1 reference numeral 1 diagrammatically indicates an internal combustion engine which is operated with gas (gas engine) and which is supplied by way of a propellent gas feed line 2 with biogas (in particular sewage or sludge gas or waste dump gas). The gas engine can be in particular a large i5 stationary gas engine. An exhaust gas catalytic converter 4 can be provided in the exhaust tract 3 of the gas engine while arranged in the propellent gas feed line 2 to the gas engine 1 is a cleaning apparatus 5 for the adsorptive cleaning of the propellent gas.
The cleaning apparatus 5 can advantageously contain activated carbon as the adsorption agent. The use of such a cleaning apparatus 5 makes it possible substantially to increase the service lives for the engine and the exhaust gas catalytic converter 4, whereby the use of such an exhaust gas catalytic converter 4 in relation to gas engines which are operated with biogas is 1=trst made meaningfully possible. A reduction in the total discharge of pollutants can in turn be achieved by way of the exhaust gas catalytic converter 4.
Figure 2 diagrammatically shows a cleaning apparatus according to the invention, wherein the housing containing the adsorption agent is shown in longitudinal section and without the adsorption agent contained therein, in order better to illustrate the components disposed therein. The housing 51 can completely correspond to that shown in EP 0 818 617 A1, i with the exception of the capacitor 52 to be described hereinafter, and it can be filled with the activated carbon described in that specification, as the adsorption agent. The regeneration operation is also effected in the manner described therein, and does not have to be repeated in detail here.
As shown in Figure 3, the cylinder capacitor includes the two cylindrical electrodes 10, 11 which are held at a spacing by suitable spacer portions 12 of electrically insulating material (for example plastic material). Advantageously those spacer portions are of a configuration such as to be beneficial to a flow therearound. The electrodes which are made for example from steel are provided with a protective layer, for example enamel, to afford protection from corrosion and/or chemical influences.
A capacitor of that kind is arranged in the housing 51 as shown in Figure 2 and is embedded there in the adsorption agent which in particular fills the intermediate space between the electrodes 10, 11 of the capacitor and thus forms its dielectric. In that respect, besides the temperature obtaining and the frequency of the ac voltage applied to the capacitor, the dielectric constant of that dielectric also depends on the loading of the 2o adsorption agent with adsorbed components. The capacitor 52 is connected to a measuring device 53 which evaluates the dielectric constant of the dielectric of the capacitor. The measuring device 53 substantially comprises a capacitive measuring bridge which is supplied with ac voltage and which determines the capacitance of the capacitor 52.
In that connection, the frequency of the ac voltage can be in the range of between 10 Hz and 10 MHz.
When the cleaning apparatus is brought into operation, the activated carbon adjoining the region of the propellent gas feed line 2 initially adsorbs the major part of the contaminants or pollutants. It is only when the adsorption capability of that part of the activated carbon decreases as a result of approaching saturation, that the part of the i activated carbon which is at the outlet side suffers from an increased level of loading, and the approach thereof to the saturation condition thus indicates the attainment of the total maximum possible loading of the activated carbon. For that reason the capacitor is preferably arranged in the region of the activated carbon, at the outlet side.
In a very simple embodiment attainment of the maximum permissible level of loading could be indicated optically or acoustically by the measuring device 53, whereupon a regeneration operation or replacement of the adsorption agent could be implemented manually. In the illustrated embodiment the measuring device 53 outputs its output signal to a control device 54. When the maximum permissible level of loading is reached, the control device 54 automatically initiates and implements a regeneration operation. For that purpose (as described in EP 0 818 617 A1) the activated carbon is heated by way of the heating elements 55, 56 for example to a temperature of between 350°C and 450°C. At the same time the activated carbon is flushed with small amounts of a combustible flushing gas, in particular a cleaned and pre-heated propellent gas. For that purpose the valves 6, 7, 8, 9 are suitably actuated by the control device 54. As also described in EP 0 818 617 A1, it is advantageously also possible to provide two cleaning apparatuses for a single gas engine so that the gas engine can continue to be operated during regeneration of one of the two cleaning apparatuses.
Instead of a cylinder capacitor it would in principle also be possible and viable to use another capacitor whose dielectric is formed by adsorption agent through which propellent gas flows, for example a plate capacitor.
Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of an engine arrangement which includes a cleaning apparatus according to the invention, Figure 2 is a diagrammatic view of the cleaning apparatus, the housing containing the adsorption agent being shown in a perspective section through the longitudinal central plane, and Figure 3 is a diagrammatic perspective view of a part of the cylinder capacitor provided for measurement of the loading.
In the engine arrangement shown in Figure 1 reference numeral 1 diagrammatically indicates an internal combustion engine which is operated with gas (gas engine) and which is supplied by way of a propellent gas feed line 2 with biogas (in particular sewage or sludge gas or waste dump gas). The gas engine can be in particular a large i5 stationary gas engine. An exhaust gas catalytic converter 4 can be provided in the exhaust tract 3 of the gas engine while arranged in the propellent gas feed line 2 to the gas engine 1 is a cleaning apparatus 5 for the adsorptive cleaning of the propellent gas.
The cleaning apparatus 5 can advantageously contain activated carbon as the adsorption agent. The use of such a cleaning apparatus 5 makes it possible substantially to increase the service lives for the engine and the exhaust gas catalytic converter 4, whereby the use of such an exhaust gas catalytic converter 4 in relation to gas engines which are operated with biogas is 1=trst made meaningfully possible. A reduction in the total discharge of pollutants can in turn be achieved by way of the exhaust gas catalytic converter 4.
Figure 2 diagrammatically shows a cleaning apparatus according to the invention, wherein the housing containing the adsorption agent is shown in longitudinal section and without the adsorption agent contained therein, in order better to illustrate the components disposed therein. The housing 51 can completely correspond to that shown in EP 0 818 617 A1, i with the exception of the capacitor 52 to be described hereinafter, and it can be filled with the activated carbon described in that specification, as the adsorption agent. The regeneration operation is also effected in the manner described therein, and does not have to be repeated in detail here.
As shown in Figure 3, the cylinder capacitor includes the two cylindrical electrodes 10, 11 which are held at a spacing by suitable spacer portions 12 of electrically insulating material (for example plastic material). Advantageously those spacer portions are of a configuration such as to be beneficial to a flow therearound. The electrodes which are made for example from steel are provided with a protective layer, for example enamel, to afford protection from corrosion and/or chemical influences.
A capacitor of that kind is arranged in the housing 51 as shown in Figure 2 and is embedded there in the adsorption agent which in particular fills the intermediate space between the electrodes 10, 11 of the capacitor and thus forms its dielectric. In that respect, besides the temperature obtaining and the frequency of the ac voltage applied to the capacitor, the dielectric constant of that dielectric also depends on the loading of the 2o adsorption agent with adsorbed components. The capacitor 52 is connected to a measuring device 53 which evaluates the dielectric constant of the dielectric of the capacitor. The measuring device 53 substantially comprises a capacitive measuring bridge which is supplied with ac voltage and which determines the capacitance of the capacitor 52.
In that connection, the frequency of the ac voltage can be in the range of between 10 Hz and 10 MHz.
When the cleaning apparatus is brought into operation, the activated carbon adjoining the region of the propellent gas feed line 2 initially adsorbs the major part of the contaminants or pollutants. It is only when the adsorption capability of that part of the activated carbon decreases as a result of approaching saturation, that the part of the i activated carbon which is at the outlet side suffers from an increased level of loading, and the approach thereof to the saturation condition thus indicates the attainment of the total maximum possible loading of the activated carbon. For that reason the capacitor is preferably arranged in the region of the activated carbon, at the outlet side.
In a very simple embodiment attainment of the maximum permissible level of loading could be indicated optically or acoustically by the measuring device 53, whereupon a regeneration operation or replacement of the adsorption agent could be implemented manually. In the illustrated embodiment the measuring device 53 outputs its output signal to a control device 54. When the maximum permissible level of loading is reached, the control device 54 automatically initiates and implements a regeneration operation. For that purpose (as described in EP 0 818 617 A1) the activated carbon is heated by way of the heating elements 55, 56 for example to a temperature of between 350°C and 450°C. At the same time the activated carbon is flushed with small amounts of a combustible flushing gas, in particular a cleaned and pre-heated propellent gas. For that purpose the valves 6, 7, 8, 9 are suitably actuated by the control device 54. As also described in EP 0 818 617 A1, it is advantageously also possible to provide two cleaning apparatuses for a single gas engine so that the gas engine can continue to be operated during regeneration of one of the two cleaning apparatuses.
Instead of a cylinder capacitor it would in principle also be possible and viable to use another capacitor whose dielectric is formed by adsorption agent through which propellent gas flows, for example a plate capacitor.
Claims (15)
1. A cleaning apparatus for the adsorptive cleaning of propellent gas for the drive of a gas engine, which contains an adsorption agent which is formed in particular by activated carbon, characterised in that to measure the loading of the adsorption agent with adsorbed contaminants there is provided a capacitor (52) which as a dielectric contains an adsorption agent through which propellent gas flows.
2. A cleaning apparatus as set forth in claim 1 characterised in that the capacitor (52) is connected to a measuring device (53) for evaluating the dielectric constant of the dielectric of the capacitor, preferably by measurement of the capacitance of the capacitor.
3. A cleaning apparatus as set forth in claim 2 characterised in that the measuring device (53) for measuring the capacitance of the capacitor (52) is formed by a capacitive measuring bridge supplied with ac voltage.
4. A cleaning apparatus as set forth in claim 3 characterised in that the ac voltage is in the range of between 10 Hz and 10 MHz.
5. A cleaning apparatus as set forth in one of claims 1 through 4 characterised in that the electrodes (10, 11) of the capacitor (52) are at a spacing which is in the range of between 0.5 cm and 3 cm and which is preferably about 1 cm.
6. A cleaning apparatus as set forth in one of claims 1 through 5 characterised in that the capacitor (52) is a cylinder capacitor.
7. A cleaning apparatus as set forth in one of claims 1 through 6 characterised in that the cleaning apparatus has a housing (51) in which the adsorption agent is arranged and that the capacitor (52) is embedded in that housing in the adsorption agent.
8. A cleaning apparatus as set forth in one of claims 1 through 7 characterised in that the capacitor (52) is arranged in the region of the adsorption agent, at the outlet side.
9. A cleaning apparatus as set forth in one of claims 1 through 8 characterised in that the capacitor electrodes (51, 52) are protected with a protective layer from chemical influences and/or corrosion, and are preferably enamelled.
10. A cleaning apparatus as set forth in one of claims 1 through 9 characterised in that there is provided a control device (54) by which a regeneration operation can be automatically initiated in dependence on the level of loading of the adsorption agent, which is measured by way of the capacitor (52).
11. An engine arrangement which includes a gas engine, in the exhaust line of which is arranged an exhaust gas catalytic converter and in the propellent gas feed line of which is arranged a cleaning apparatus as set forth in one of claims 1 through 10.
12. A method of operating a gas engine with an adsorptive cleaning apparatus for the propellent gas and a regeneration apparatus for regeneration of the cleaning apparatus, characterised in that to measure the loading of the adsorption agent with adsorbed contaminants the dielectric constant of adsorption agent through which propellent gas flows is measured.
13. A method as set forth in claim 12 characterised in that when a predetermined maximum limit of loading is reached a cleaning agent regeneration operation is implemented.
14. A method as set forth in claim 12 or claim 13 characterised in that measurement of the dielectric constant of the adsorption agent is effected by measuring the capacitance of a capacitor which is embedded in the adsorption agent and which as the dielectric contains adsorption agent through which propellent gas flows.
15. A method as set forth in one of claims 12 through 14 characterised in that initiation and implementation of the regeneration operation is implemented in automated mode by a control device (54).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ATA159/99 | 1999-02-08 | ||
| AT15999A AT406827B (en) | 1999-02-08 | 1999-02-08 | CLEANING DEVICE FOR ADSORPTIVELY CLEANING GAS |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2298153A1 true CA2298153A1 (en) | 2000-08-08 |
Family
ID=3483120
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2298153 Abandoned CA2298153A1 (en) | 1999-02-08 | 2000-02-07 | A cleaning apparatus for the adsorptive cleaning of propellent gas |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1026379A3 (en) |
| AT (1) | AT406827B (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2298153A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112076585B (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2022-08-05 | 北京航天凯恩化工科技有限公司 | Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine decontamination suit |
| CN115282727A (en) * | 2022-07-12 | 2022-11-04 | 长沙环境保护职业技术学院 | Recovery unit of volatile organic compounds |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4552570A (en) * | 1980-05-02 | 1985-11-12 | Pall Corporation | Adsorbent fractionator with automatic cycle control and process |
| US5899187A (en) * | 1996-07-11 | 1999-05-04 | Jenbacher Energiesysteme Aktiengesellschaft | Engine arrangement |
-
1999
- 1999-02-08 AT AT15999A patent/AT406827B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2000
- 2000-01-24 EP EP00101343A patent/EP1026379A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-02-07 CA CA 2298153 patent/CA2298153A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1026379A2 (en) | 2000-08-09 |
| ATA15999A (en) | 2000-02-15 |
| AT406827B (en) | 2000-09-25 |
| EP1026379A3 (en) | 2001-07-04 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Dead |