CA2264115C - Pressurized fluidized-bed combined cycle power generation system - Google Patents
Pressurized fluidized-bed combined cycle power generation system Download PDFInfo
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- CA2264115C CA2264115C CA002264115A CA2264115A CA2264115C CA 2264115 C CA2264115 C CA 2264115C CA 002264115 A CA002264115 A CA 002264115A CA 2264115 A CA2264115 A CA 2264115A CA 2264115 C CA2264115 C CA 2264115C
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Abstract
The present invention provides a pressurized fluidized bed combined electricity generation system comprising a steam turbine; a pressurized fluidized bed boiler for combusting air from an air supply system and fuel from a fuel supply system and generating steam for supply to the above-mentioned steam turbine; and a gas turbine driven by exhaust gas comprising combustion gas from the above-mentioned pressurized fluidized bed boiler and the above-mentioned air; wherein, a part of the steam generated by the above-mentioned pressurized fluidized bed boiler is extracted and supplied to the above-mentioned gas turbine. Such a system avoids surging of the compressor when air quality is reduced.
Description
CA 02264115 1999-02-26Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combined Electricity Generation SystemBackground of the InventionField of the InventionThe present invention relates to a combined electricity generation system whichcombines two methods for generating electricity in which a steam turbine is driven by steamgenerated from a pressurized ï¬uidized bed boiler and a gas turbine is driven using the exhaustgas from the boiler.Description of the Related ArtPressurized ï¬uidized bed combined electricity generation systems are electricitygeneration systems which combine two methods such that electricity is generated by driving asteam turbine with steam generated from a ï¬uidized bed boiler housed within a pressurizedcontainer, and electricity is generated by driving a gas turbine by introducing exhaust gas fromthe pressurized ï¬uidized bed boiler into the gas turbine. For the combustion which occurs inthe pressurized ï¬uidized bed boiler, air for combustion is introduced into the boiler in apressurized state from a compressor, crushed coal is added to the ï¬uidized bed in whichlimestone forms the ï¬uid medium, and combusted in a ï¬uid state. A steam pipe is arrangedwithin this ï¬uidized bed, steam is generated due to the heat of combustion in the ï¬uidized bed,the steam turbine is driven and electricity is generated. In addition, with this type ofcombustion, since limestone is used, it is possible to conduct desulferization within the ï¬imaceat the same time.Further explaining the principle of the ï¬uidized bed boiler mentioned above, an airdispersion plate is provided in the bottom of a container, and solid particles are charged into thepart above the air dispersion plate. Air is blown uniformly from the bottom of the airdispersion plate, and when the amount of air is increased, solid particles move vigorously andrandomly within a layer of a certain height above the air dispersion plate. The solid particlelayer which is ï¬oated and ï¬uidized by means of a ï¬uid in this way is referred to as a ï¬uidizedCA 02264115 1999-02-26bed, and the combustion in a ï¬uid state of liquid ï¬iel or solid ï¬iel of a suitable size added to thisï¬uidized bed is ï¬uidized bed combustion.Figure 9 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the pressurized ï¬uidized bedcombined electricity generation system explained above.In Figure 9, reference 1 indicates the entire pressurized ï¬uidized bed boiler, and itcomprises a pressurized container 10 and a boiler 11 therewithin. Reference 12 is acoal/limestone supply device, and it supplies the limestone which forms the ï¬uid medium andthe coal starting materials to the boiler 11. Reference 13 is a cyclone which removes particleswhich are non-combustible, and the like, from the exhaust gas from the boiler 11. Reference14 is a dust collecting device which comprises a ceramic ï¬lter, and ash and the like are ï¬lteredand removed by means of this ceramic ï¬lter. Reference 15 is a gas turbine which is directlycoupled to the compressor 16, and driven by high temperature exhaust gas from the dustcollecting device 14. Reference 17 is a denitriï¬cation device, 18 is a high pressure exhaustheat recovery/supply-water heater and 19 is a low pressure exhaust heat recover/supply-waterheater. The high pressure exhaust heat recovery/supply-water heater 18 and the low pressureexhaust heat recover/supply-water heater 19 recover exhaust heat from the exhaust gas andpreheat the water being supplied to the boiler 11 using this exhaust heat. Reference 20 is achirrmey for discharging exhaust gas to the atmosphere.In addition, in Figure 9, reference 21 is a steam turbine and reference 22 is a condenserto which cold water is sent by pump 51 and in which steam from the steam turbine 21 is cooledand condensed. Reference 23 is a low pressure supply-water heater which heats thecondensed water and regulates the temperature of the supply water. Reference 24 is adeaerator for removing air bubbles from the supply water. Reference 25 is a drum whichsupplies water to each of the pipes of boiler 11, that is, to main steam pipe system 30, reheatinggas pipe system 31, and boiler circulation pipe system 32.In the pressurized ï¬uidized bed combined electricity generation system of the above-described structure, the limestone which is the ï¬uidized bed medium and the coal startingmaterial from the coal/limestone supply device 12 is sent to the boiler 11 by means of thesupply system 41, while air from the compressor 16 is blown into boiler 11 by means of airCA 02264115 1999-02-26system pipe 42, a ï¬uidized bed is formed by means of this limestone, and the coal is burned,thereby, ï¬uidized bed combustion is carried out.At the same time, supply water that has been heated in advance is supplied from thedrum 25 to the main steam pipe system 30. The main steam pipe system 30 is heated by theboiler l 1, steam is generated and the high pressure turbine of steam turbine 21 is driven. Thesteam discharged therefrom is returned to the boiler 11 again, it is reheated, run back into thesteam turbine 21 a second time by means of the reheating steam pipe system 31, drives the lowpressure turbine, and ï¬ows to the condenser 22. In addition, the supply water in the drum 25circulates between the boiler 11 and the drum 25 by means of the boiler circulation pipe system32 such that it is heated.Next, large particles are removed by the cyclone 13, ash and the like are removed bymeans of dust collecting device 14, then the combustion exhaust gas from the boiler 11 issupplied to the gas turbine 15, the turbine is driven and electricity is generated. The exhaustgas which drives the gas turbine 15 is denitriï¬ed by means of denitriï¬cation device 17. Thenthe remaining heat in the exhaust gas is used to heat the supply water being supplied to theboiler 11 by each of the high pressure exhaust heat recovery/supply-water heater 18 and thelow pressure exhaust heat recover/supply-water heater 19. Thereafter, the exhaust gas isdischarged to the atmosphere from chimney 20.The exhaust steam which drives the steam turbine 21 is condensed and liqueï¬ed by thecondenser 22, to which cold water is sent by the pump 51, this condensed water is sent to thelow pressure supply-water heater 23 by the pump 52 where it is heated and its temperatureadjusted. Then it is preheated by exhaust gas in the low pressure exhaust heatrecover/supply-water heater 19 and then sent to the deaerator 24 and bubbles are removed.The supply water from the deaerator 24 is sent to the high pressure exhaust heatrecovery/supply-water heater 18 by the pump 53, where it is preheated again and then sent todrum 25 by means of pipe 33.In the above-described pressurized ï¬uidized bed combined electricity generation system,there is a combined cycle system which generates electricity by driving the steam turbine 21 andby the gas turbine 15 using the exhaust gas from the boiler l 1, and it obtains high electricityCA 02264115 1999-02-26generation eï¬iciency. In addition, since the boiler 11 is housed inside the pressurizedcontainer 10 which is pressurized it can be made to be compact. In addition, since limestoneis used as the ï¬uid medium, desulferization can be carried out within the boiler 11, an exhaustgas desulferizer is not necessary, and it is possible to make the plant equipment area smallercompared with the past.In the aboveâdescribed pressurized ï¬uidized bed combined electricity generation system,there is a combined cycle method in which a turbine is driven by steam generated by apressurized ï¬uidized bed boiler 1 and the gas turbine 15 is driven by exhaust gas from thepressurized ï¬uidized bed boiler 1, and it is possible to obtain high electricity generationefficiency and to make the apparatus compact. In this type of system, the output of the gasturbine 15 is inï¬uenced by the characteristics of the ï¬lel used (coal), the combustion method ofthe pressurized ï¬uidized bed boiler 1 (combustion temperature, layer height), and the like,however, it depends greatly on the temperature of the intake air of the compressor 16 of thegas turbine 15 and the air-ï¬iel ratio for the combustion in the pressurized ï¬uidized bed boiler 1.The temperature of the intake air of the compressor 16 can be varied intentionally byoperation using intake of air from indoors/outdoors, but it is basically determined by naturalconditions. The air-ï¬ael ratio in the combustion in the pressurized ï¬uidized bed boiler 1 has acertain degree of freedom due to changes in the operating conditions of the pressurizedï¬uidized bed boiler 1, but it is impossible to exceed the upper limit of the compressor 16.Under these types of conditions, it is possible, to some extent, to take measures to increase theoutput of the gas turbine 15 but, even in situations where the output of the gas turbine 15 islimited for some reason, for example, the temperature of the air drawn into to the compressor16 is higher than anticipated, there are cases (gas turbine certiï¬cation output tests and the like)where it is necessary to increase the output of the gas turbine 15 beyond what is practicallypossible using present technology. In these types of situations, at present, it is not possible tocope with increasing output of the gas turbine 15.In addition, in coal gasiï¬cation combined electricity generation systems, in the sameway, in cases when there is, for some reason, a limitation to gas turbine output, there are cases(gas turbine certiï¬cation output tests and the like) where it is necessary to increase the turbineCA 02264115 1999-02-26output beyond what is possible using present technology, in these situations as well, increasesin output beyond what can be responded to using present technology are impossible.An object of the present invention is the provision of a pressurized ï¬uidized bedcombined electricity generation system which is a combined electricity generation system (suchas a pressurized ï¬uidized bed combined electricity generation system or a coal gasiï¬cationcombined electricity generation system) having a gas turbine and a steam turbine as theelectricity generation devices, wherein, in addition to conventional measures such as varyingthe temperature of the intake air for the compressor and varying the air fuel ratio for thecombustion in the boiler, it is possible to increase turbine output by changing the compositionof the fuel gas introduced into the existing gas turbine.In addition, the pressurized ï¬uidized bed combined electricity generation systemaccording to the present invention relates to improvement of surge prevention for thecompressor when the load in the pressurized ï¬uidized bed combined electricity generationsystem varies.In more detail, in the above-mentioned pressurized ï¬uidized bed combined electricitygeneration system, unlike usual systems, the compressor 16 which is directly coupled to the gasturbine 15âhas a large capacity pressurized container 10 on the outlet side, therefore, variationin the pressure ratio with respect to variation in the quantity of intake air is slow. When theload decreases, since it is necessary to reduce the quantity of air for combustion within thepressurized container 10 in response to the amount of carbon supplied, the amount of airsupplied to the pressurized container 10 from the compressor 16 must be decreased. At thetime of this reduction in air, at a certain limiting pressure, the compressor 16 causes surging,but the surge limiting pressure ratio of this compressor 16 is simultaneously decreased alongwith the decrease in the quantity of air. However, even if the air ï¬ow rate is reduced, sincethere is a large capacity pressurized container 10 on the outlet side of the compressor 16, theoperating pressure ratio does not decrease, and the earlier high pressure condition is maintained.As a result, as the air quantity is reduced, the pressure during operation reaches a surge limitingpressure threshold, and the compressor 16 surges.CA 02264115 1999-02-26Therefore, the present invention has as an object the provision of a pressurized ï¬uidizedbed combined electricity generation system plant in which, when the air quantity is reduced asdescribed above, before the compressor begins to surge, a quantity of air from the compressoris made to bypass so that the pressure at the outlet side of the compressor does not reach thesurge limiting pressure, and thereby it is possible to avoid surging of the compressor.Summary of the InventionIn order to solve the above-described problem, the present invention provides apressurized ï¬uidized bed combined electricity generation system comprising a steam turbine; apressurized ï¬uidized bed boiler for combusting air from an air supply system and fuel from aï¬iel supply system and generating steam for supply to the above-mentioned steam turbine; anda gas turbine driven by exhaust gas comprising combustion gas from the above-mentionedpressurized ï¬uidized bed boiler and the above-mentioned air; wherein, a part of the steamgenerated by the above-mentioned pressurized ï¬uidized bed boiler is extracted and supplied tothe above-mentioned gas turbine.According to this pressurized ï¬uidized bed combined electricity generation system,since the ï¬ow rate at the gas turbine inlet is increased by means of mixing steam having a largespeciï¬c heat (among the gas characteristics at the gas turbine inlet) into the exhaust gas goingto the gas turbine, it is possible to increase the output of the gas turbine.In addition, the steam supplied to the above-mentioned gas turbine may be mixed intothe above-mentioned exhaust gas and, since the ï¬ow rate at the inlet of the gas turbineincreases, it is possible to increase the output of the gas turbine.In addition, the steam supplied to the above-mentioned gas turbine can also be mixed into the above-mentioned exhaust gas or the air supply system. Thereby, since the steam issupplied to the gas turbine after being heated in the boiler, the temperature at the gas turbineinlet does not decrease and it is possible to increase the output of the gas turbine moreeffectively.In addition, according to the pressurized ï¬uidized bed combined electricity generationsystem of the present invention, it is possible, in a combined electricity generation system inCA 02264115 1999-02-26which air from a compressor which is coupled directly to the above-mentioned gas turbine issupplied as ï¬iel air for the above-mentioned pressurized ï¬uidized bed boiler, to have a firstbypass duct communicating between the outlet side of the above-mentioned compressor andthe exhaust side of the above-mentioned gas turbine and having a switching valve; a secondbypass duct communicating between the outlet side of the above-mentioned compressor andthe inlet side of the above-mentioned gas turbine and having a switching valve; and a controldevice which receives measured pressure values from a pressure detector which measures thepressure at the outlet of the above-mentioned compressor, and the above-mentioned controldevice controls the switching valves of the above-mentioned first and second bypass ductsbased on the relationship between the degree of opening of the inlet variable guide vane ofthe above-mentioned compressor which is determined in advance and a surge limiting pressure.Thereby, when the pressure at the outlet of the compressor measured by the pressure detectorexceeds the predetermined value, the control device maintains the degree of opening of the inletvariable guide vane, opens the switching valve of the above mentioned ï¬rst or second bypassduct, and allows a quantity of air ï¬owing to the pressurized ï¬uidized bed boiler to be bypass insuch a way as to prevent a pressure increase, thereby, it is possible to prevent surging of thecompressor.Here, twoâ surge limiting pressure values are established in the above-mentioned controldevice in advance, and when the pressure during operation which is measuredby the above-mentioned pressure detector reaches one of the above-mentioned surge limiting pressures, thiscontrol device is capable of controlling by maintaining the degree of opening of the inletvariable guide vane and opening the switching valves of the ï¬rst bypass duct and, in addition,when the above-mentioned pressure reaches the other limiting pressure, it opens the switchingvalve of the second bypass duct, and this is suitable for preventing surging of the compressor.Furthermore, in accordance with the temperature of the intake air for the above-mentioned compressor, it is possible for the control device to adjust the values of the above-mentioned two surge limiting pressures which are determined in advance, and adjusting thesurge limiting pressure values changed according to the temperature of the intake air is evenmore suitable for preventing surging of the compressor.CA 02264115 1999-02-26Brief Description of the DrawingsFigure 1 is a schematic diagram of a combined electricity generation system accordingto a first mode of an embodiment of the present invention.Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a combined electricity generation system accordingto a second mode of an embodiment of the present invention.Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a combined electricity generation system accordingto a third mode of an embodiment of the present invention.Figure 4 is a graph showing the quantity of steam necessary for extraction according toa method for increasing the output of the gas turbine according to the ï¬rst, second and thirdmodes of an embodiment of the present invention.Figure 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of increase in theoutput of the gas turbine and the plant load according to the third mode of an embodiment ofthe present invention.Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a combined electricity generation system accordingto another embodiment of the present invention.Figure 7 is a diagram showing the relationship between the degree of opening of theinlet variable guide vane of the inlet of the compressor in the combined electricity generationsystem according to another embodiment of the present invention. 'Figure 8 is a control ï¬ow chart for the control apparatus of the combined electricitygeneration system according to another embodiment of the present invention.Figure 9 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a pressurized ï¬uidized bedcombined electricity generation system.Best Mode for Carrying Out the Present InventionIn the following, an embodiment of the present invention will be explained in detailbased on the Diagrams.Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a combined electricity generation system accordingto a ï¬rst mode of an embodiment of the present invention.CA 02264115 1999-02-26As shown in Figure 1, the combined electricity generation system according to a firstmode of an embodiment of the present invention comprises a pressurized ï¬uidized b_ed boiler 1,a dust collecting device 14, a gas turbine 15, a compressor 16, a steam turbine 21, a condenser22, a main steam pipe system 30, and a reheating steam pipe system 31, and these structuralelements have approximately the same structure as the structural elements having the samereferences as in the pressurized ï¬uidized bed combined electricity generation system shown inFigure 9.As shown in Figure 1, the combined electricity generation system of the first mode ofthe present embodiment has the feature of having a steam extraction pipe system 2.As shown in Figure 1, steam extraction pipe system 2 is provided in a conditionconnected between the reheating steam pipe system 31 and the outlet side of pipe system 15Aof the dust collecting device 14, and high temperature steam from the reheating steam pipesystem 31 is extracted, the extracted steam is mixed in with the exhaust gas from the outlet ofthe pressurized ï¬uidized bed boiler l, and the exhaust gas mixed with the steam is supplied tothe gas turbine 15.In the above-described structure, since the steam extraction pipe system 2 is feedingsteam in at the outlet side of dust collecting device 14, the amount of gas passing through dustcollecting device 14 does not change from conventional systems, the temperature at the inlet ofthe gas turbine 15 decreases to some extent, but the output response of the gas turbine 15 isfast, and the output of the gas turbine 15 increases more than when steam is not extracted.However, in the ï¬rst mode of the present embodiment, it is necessary to take care that the gasturbine 15 does not momentarily enter the surging range (25% margin).In the following, a second mode of the present embodiment will be explained in greaterdetail based on the Figures.Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a combined electricity generation system accordingto a second mode of an embodiment of the present invention.In the second mode of the present embodiment shown in Figure 2, the point ofdifference with the above-described first mode shown in Figure 1 is the provision of steamextraction pipe system 3 in place of steam extraction pipe system 2.CA 02264115 2003-11-0610This steam extraction pipe system 3 is provided in a condition connected between thereheating steam pipe system 31A on the low temperature side which returns the lowtemperature steam which drove the turbine by main steam pipe system 30 and the inlet side ofpipe system 14A of the dust collecting device 14 between the outlet of the pressurized ï¬uidizedbed boiler 1 and the dust collecting device 14, and low temperature reheated steam is extractedfrom the reheating steam pipe system 31A, that steam is mixed with the exhaust gas of theoutlet side of the pressurized ï¬uidized bed boiler l and is supplied to the gas turbine 15.In the above-described structure, since the steam extraction pipe system 3 is feedingsteam in at the inlet side of dust collecting device 14, the amount of gas passing through dustcollecting device 14 is increased over conventional systems, the temperature of the gas at theinlet of the gas turbine 15 falls by the amount that the temperature of the steam which passesthrough the dust collecting device 14 falls, and decreases more than that for the first mode ofthe present embodiment described above, but the gas turbine output response is as fast as in theabove-described first mode and the output of the gas turbine 15, while less than the above-described ï¬rst mode, does increase. In addition, in the same way as in the first mode, it isnecessary to take care that gas turbine 15 does not momentarily enter the surging range (25%margin).In the following, a third mode of the present embodiment will be explained in greaterdetail based on the Figures.Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a combined electricity generation system accordingto a third mode of the an embodiment of the present invention.In Figure 3, a point of difference with the above-described ï¬rst and second modesshown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 is that a steam extraction pipe system 4 is provided in place ofthe steam extraction pipe systems 2 and 3.This steam extraction pipe system 4 is arranged between the reheating steam pipesystem 30A on the low temperature side and the air supply system 16A of the pressurizedï¬uidized bed boiler 1, low temperature reheated steam is extracted, this steam is mixed into theair supply system 16A going to the pressurized ï¬uidized bed boiler 1, and the air mixed withthe steam is supplied to the pressurized ï¬uidized bed boiler 1.CA 02264115 2003-11-0611Since the steam which is mixed into the air which is supplied tothe pressurized ï¬uidizedbed boiler 1 is ï¬uidized bed combusted within the pressurized ï¬uidized bed boiler 1, ï¬ows intothe dust collecting device 14 together with the exhaust gas, and is supplied to the gas turbine15, the amount of gas which passes through the dust collecting device 14 is increased by thatâ amount. In addition, since the steam which has been mixed in is heated within the pressurizedï¬uidized bed boiler 1, there is no decrease in temperature and the temperature at the gas turbineinlet does vary from conventional systems. In addition, the outputuresponse of the gas turbine15 is gradual since the mixing in is conducted indirectly via the pressurized ï¬uidized bed boiler1, and increases in output of the gas turbine 15 are larger than those for the above-describedï¬rst and second modes and are the largest for the present embodiment.Figure 4 shows the relationship between the degree of opening of the IGV (inletvariable guide vane) and the amount of steam extracted for each of the ï¬rst through thirdmodes of the present embodiment described above. The same amount of air taken in using thecompressor (the temperature of the air taken in using the same compressor is determined by thedegree of opening of the IGV) is shown on the horizontal axis and the necessary amount ofsteam extracted from each of the pipe lines which was necessary to obtain the same amount ofincrease in the output of the gas turbine is shown on the vertical axis, thereby, the relationshipbetween the two is shown. In Figure 4, the relationship between the amount of air taken in bythe same compressor and the necessary amount of steam extracted is shown and (A) representsthe ï¬rst mode shown in Figure 1, (B) represents the second mode shown in Figure 2, and (C)represents the third mode shown in Figure 3.Here, as can be understood from Figure 4, the system for which the amount ofextracted steam required for the same degree of opening of the IGV was largest was the case ofthe second embodiment, represented by (B), in which steam was extracted from the reheatingsteam pipe system 31A on the low temperature side and then mixed into the boiler output" gas inthe inlet side of pipe system 14A on the dust collecting device 14. The second largest was thecase represented by (A) in which steam was extracted from the reheating steam pipe system 31on the high temperature side and mixed into the boiler output gas in the outlet side of pipesystem l5A on the dust collecting device 14. The case in which the amount of extractedCA 02264115 2003-11-0612steam required was the smallest was (C) in which the steam was extracted from the reheatingsteam pipe system 31A on the low temperature side and fed into the air supply system 16A ofthe pressurized ï¬uidized bed boiler 1. hIn the above-described way, the necessary amount of steam increases in the order ofthird mode (C),-ï¬rst mode (A), and second mode (B). The reason for this is that, in cases (A)and (B), the gas temperature falls due to the mixing in of extracted steam between pressurizedï¬uidized bed boiler 1 and the inlet of the gas turbine 15, accordingly the gas temperature at theinlet of the gas turbine 15 is reduced, and a phenomenon occurs in which the output increase ofthe gas turbine 15 declines. On_the other hand, in the case of (C), since there is no reductionin gas temperature due to the-rnixing in of steam between the pressurized ï¬uidized bed boiler 1and the gas turbine 15, it is the most effective method out of all of the modes.Here, the reason for the increase in output of the gas turbine 15 due to the extractionand mixing in of steam is that water (H20) has a high speciï¬c heat (among the properties of thegases at the inlet to the gas turbine), and an increase in the gas ï¬ow rate is brought about bymixing steam into the gas and, as a result, this brings about the effect of increasing the outputof the gas turbine 15.As mentioned above, in the present invention, steam is mixed in to the gas and causesthe moisture (H20) content within the gases at the inlet of the gas turbine 15 to increase and,for the reasons mentioned above, it is possible to increase the output of the gas turbine 15.In the method of extracting and mixing in steam described above, in the case of the thirdembodiment, shown by (C), in which steam is extracted ï¬'om the reheating steam pipe system31A on the low temperature side and is mixed into the air supply system 16A of the pressurizedï¬uidized bed boiler 1, with regard to rating points, it is possible to expect an increase in theoutput of the gas turbine of the level of about 150 kw to 200 kw by inserting steam into the airsupply system of the boiler.At partial loads of the plant which occur in the pressurized ï¬uidized bed combinedelectricity generation system, the temperature of the -boiler. output gas decreases, consequently,the output increase falls by that amount.CA 02264115 1999-02-2613Figure 5 is a graph showing the amount of increase in the output of the gas turbine atpartial loads which occur in the case of the third mode of (C) above. When the plant load is30%, the amount of output increase is 100 kW or less and, when the plant load is 100%, theoutput increase is 150 kW or greater.In addition, in the ï¬rst, second, and third modes of the present embodiment, examplesof combined electricity generation system which use a pressurized ï¬uidized bed boiler wereexplained, but the present invention can also be applied to methods of increasing the output ofgas turbines of systems in which steam turbines and gas turbines are combined in coalgasiï¬cation combined electricity generation systems, and the same results are obtained.In the following, another embodiment of the present invention is explained in detailbased on the Figures.Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the pressurized ï¬uidized bed combined electricitygeneration system according to the present embodiment.As shown in Figure 6, the pressurized ï¬uidized bed combined electricity generationsystem of the present embodiment comprises a pressurized ï¬uidized bed boiler 1, a steamextraction pipe system 2, a dust collecting device 14, a gas turbine 15, a compressor 16, asteam turbine 21, a condenser 22, a main steam pipe system 30, and a reheating steam pipesystem 31. These structural elements have generally the same structure as the structuralelements having the same references in the pressurized ï¬uidized bed combined electricitygeneration systems shown in Figure 2 and Figure 9.As shown in Figure 6, the combined electricity generation system of the presentembodiment is a combined electricity generation system in which air from the compressor 16which is connected to the gas turbine 15 is supplied as ï¬iel air for the pressurized ï¬uidized bedboiler 1. In addition the combined electricity generation system of the present embodimenthas the feature of comprising a bypass pipe (a ï¬rst bypass duct) 68 which is connected betweenthe outlet side of the compressor 16 and the exhaust gas side of the above-mentioned gasturbine 15 and which has a surge prevention valve (switching valve) 67; a bypass pipe (a secondbypass duct) 66 which is connected between the outlet side of the compressor 16 and the inletside of the above-mentioned gas turbine 15 and which has a compressor outlet bypass valveCA 02264115 1999-02-2614(switching valve) 65; and a control device 70 which controls the above-mentioned surgeprevention valve 67 and the compressor outlet bypass valve 65 (the switching valves of the ï¬rstand second bypass duct) based on the relationship between the predetermined degree ofopening of inlet variable guide vane 71 of the compressor and surge limiting pressures, and intowhich measured pressure values from a pressure detection device 69 which measures thepressure at the outlet of the compressor 16 is input.With regard to the above-mentioned control device 70, two surge limiting pressurevalues which can be adjusted according to the temperature of the intake air for the compressor16 are determined in advance. In addition, when the pressure measured during operation bythe above-mentioned pressure detection device 69 reaches one of the pressures of the above-mentioned surge limiting pressures, this control device 70 maintains the degree of opening ofthe inlet variable guide vane 71 and opens the surge prevention valve (the switching valve ofthe ï¬rst bypass duct) 67. Additionally, when the other limiting pressure is reached, thiscontrol device opens the compressor outlet bypass valve (the switching valve of the secondbypass passage)65.During normal operation, the combined electricity generation system of the presentembodiment compresses air by means of the compressor 16 which is driven by gas turbine 15,passes it through compressor outlet valve 60, and supplies it as ï¬iel air to the pressurizedï¬uidized bed boiler 1 by duct 61. In addition, during start-up, since the fuel gas from the .pressurized ï¬uidized bed boiler 1 is not sufficiently supplied from duct 62, start-up gascombustor 63 is driven, air from the compressor 16 is supplied to the duct 64 side by switchingthe compressor outlet valve 60, and the gas turbine 15 is driven, thereby, operation is initiated.Aï¬er the pressurized ï¬uidized bed boiler 1 has been sufficiently heated, the air from duct 64 isshut off by switching the compressor outlet valve 60, and gas turbine 15 is driven by ï¬iel gasfrom the pressurized ï¬uidized bed boiler.In the ï¬irnace within the pressurized ï¬uidized bed boiler 1, the height of the ï¬uidizedbed is varied with respect to variation in load, the heat transfer surface area of the heat transferpipe within the ï¬uidized bed is increased or decreased, and the amount of steam generated isadjusted.CA 02264115 1999-02-2615In Figure 6, the compressor outlet bypass valve 65 is provided partway along bypasspipe 66 which is arranged between the outlet side of compressor 16 and the duct 64_ which isconnected to the gas turbine duct on the inlet side of the gas turbine 15. The surge preventionvalve 67 is provided partway along the bypass pipe 68 which is connected to the outlet side ofthe compressor 16 and the exhaust pipe duct of the gas turbine 15.The pressure detection device 69 measures the pressure at the outlet side of thecompressor 16. The control device 70 receives signals for the pressure at the outlet side ofthe compressor 16 from the pressure detection device 69, and, as explained below, when avalue just prior to the occurrence of surging of the compressor 16 is reached, the control deviceopens the surging prevention valve 67 or the compressor outlet bypass valve 65, and, thereby,controls in such a way as to prevent surging.Figure 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the compressor outlet pressureand the degree of opening of the inlet variable guide vane 71 of the compressor of the presentembodiment.In Figure 7, the values of the surge line (S) are known in advance for the compressor 16,and values for pressures 25% lower than the curve of this surge line (S) are the operating limitpressures and form control line (A). Furthermore, values for pressures 20% lower than thevalues of surge line (S) are set as control line (B). The value data for these control lines (A)and (B) are set in advance in control device 70 and can be controlled in such a way thatadjustments are made with respect to the temperature of the intake air of the compressor 16.More speciï¬cally, in Figure 7, when the temperature of the intake air increases, the surge line(S) or the control lines (A) and (B) move downward, and when the temperature of the intakeair falls, they move upward, therefore, these types of adjustments can be made by the controldevice 70.In Figure 7, the point C is an operating point and the degree of opening of the inletvariable guide vane thereat is a2, when the present load falls and the air ï¬ow rate of thecompressor 16 falls, if the degree of opening of the inlet variable guide vane 71 is reduced, inthe above-described way, since the outlet side of the compressor 16 communicates with thelarge pressurized container 10, shown in Figure 9, of the pressurized ï¬uidized bed boiler l, theCA 02264115 1999-02-2616pressure does not fall immediately, it is maintained in that condition, and control line (A) isreached at pressure 5â 1 for point Câ at degree of opening a 1.In the present embodiment, ï¬rstly, the pressure )8 1 at the outlet of the compressor forthis point Câ is measured by pressure detection device 69, and the degree of opening of the inletvariable guide vane 71 are maintained at a 1, the surge prevention valve 67 shown in Figure 6is opened, and the air at the outlet side of the compressor 16 is allowed to escape from bypasspipe 68, such that the pressure at the outlet of the compressor 16 does not rise above this point.The pressure at the above-mentioned point Câ is maintained at the point of ,6â 1, anddoes not rise, but there are times when high temperature steam is mixed into the air, in this typeof situation, additionally, the pressure at the outlet of the compressor 16 rises suddenly. Inthis type of situation, when the pressure rises to pressure ,8 2 at point (1, control line (B) isreached, and, in the present embodiment, pressure 6â 2 at this point d is measured by pressuredetection device 69, compressor outlet bypass valve 65 shown in Figure 6 is opened, air on theoutlet side of the compressor 16 escapes into the inlet side of the gas turbine 15 from the 'bypass pipe 66, such that the pressure at the outlet of the compressor 16 does not rise to surgeline (S).In control device 70, as shown in Figure 8, a storage device 70A is provided, and dataof control lines (A) and (B) like those shown in Figure 7 are stored in advance in this storagedevice 70.In the pressurized ï¬uidized bed combined electricity generation system, when the loadduring operation decreases and the degree of opening of inlet variable guide vane 71 isdecreased in order to reduce the amount of air in the compressor 16, the pressure at the outletof compressor 16 during operation is measured by pressure detection device 69, and if thispressure exceeds the stipulated value of control lines (A) and (B) which are set in advance, thecontrol device 70 immediately opens the surge prevention valve 67 or the compressor outletbypass valve 65 in addition to maintaining the degree of opening of the inlet variable guide vane71, and prevents a rise in the pressure by allowing an amount of air ï¬owing to the pressurizedï¬uidized bed boiler 1 to bypass, thereby, this control device 70 prevents surging.In the following, the ï¬ow of control of control device 70 is explained in detail.CA 02264115 1999-02-2617Figure 8 is a ï¬ow chart of control within the control device 70 which carries out thecontrol explained above. .In Figure 8, as shown at Step S1, when the load of the pressurized ï¬uidized bed boiler 1decreases, it is also necessary to decrease the amount of air from the compressor 16, therefore,as shown in Step S2, the degree of opening of the inlet variable guide vane 71 of thecompressor are decreased. At that time, as shown in Step S3, the pressure at the outlet of thecompressor is measured by the pressure detection device 69, data for the control line (A) istaken in from storage device 70A, and whether or not this measured pressure value is withinthe speciï¬ed pressure values is checked. If the measured pressure value is equal to or exceedsthe value established by control line (A), as shown in Step S4, surge prevevtion valve 67 isopened, a quantity of air is allowed to bypass, and surging is prevented. If the measuredoutlet pressure has not reached the pressure value established by control line (A), operations Aare continued without change at Step 7.Next, as shown in Step 4, alter the surge prevention valve 67 is opened, as shown inStep S5, data of control line (B) is taken in from storage device 70, and whether or not thepressure at the outlet of the compressor 16 during operation measured by the pressuredetection device 69 has reached the pressure value established by this control line (B) ischecked, if it has been reached, then the compressor outlet bypass valve 65 is opened as shownin Step S6, and the air ï¬ow is again allowed to bypass, and surging is prevented. If thepressure value established by control line (B) is not reached, operation is continued withoutchange as shown in Step S7.At Step S7, aï¬er the processing of each of Steps S1, S3, S5, and S6, operation iscontinued, and as shown in Step S8, if adjustment of the degree of opening of the inlet variableguide vane is necessary, Step S2 is returned to, if this is not necessary, processing is completed.When control device 70 reduces the degree of opening of the inlet variable guide vane in thisway, the pressure at the outlet of compressor 16 does not decrease and approaches surge line(S), at the time it reaches control line (A), the degree of opening of the inlet variable guide vane71 is maintained, surge prevention valve 67 or compressor outlet bypass valve 65 is opened,CA 02264115 1999-02-2618and an amount of air ï¬owing from the outlet side of compressor 16 is allowed to bypass, andsurging of compressor 16 is prevented.Of course, in addition to the effects mentioned above, the same effects as for the secondmode of the previous embodiment are obtained.
Claims (9)
1. A pressurized fluidized bed combined electricity generation system comprising:
a steam turbine;
a pressurized fluidized bed boiler for generating steam for supply to said steam turbine via a main steam pipe system by combusting a mixture of air and fuel;
a dust collecting device connected to said pressurized fluidized bed boiler and having an outlet side;
a gas turbine connected to said dust collecting device and driven by exhaust gas supplied through said dust collecting device from said pressurized fluidized bed boiler and air;
a compressor for supplying said air;
a reheating steam pipe system connected between said pressurized fluidized bed boiler and said steam turbine;
a first bypass duct which communicates between an outlet portion of said compressor and an exhaust gas portion of said gas turbine and which has a surge prevention valve;
a second bypass duct which communicates between the outlet portion of said compressor and an inlet portion of said gas turbine and which has a compressor outlet bypass valve; and a control device which receives measured pressure values from a pressure detection device which detects the pressure at the outlet portion of said compressor and which controls said valves of said first and second bypass ducts based on a relationship between a surge limiting pressure and a predetermined degree of opening of an inlet variable guide vane of said compressor;
wherein the pressurized fluidized bed combined electricity generation system comprises a steam extraction pipe system for extracting a part of the steam generated by said pressurized fluidized bed boiler from said reheating steam pipe system and supplying the steam to the outlet side of said dust collecting device; and wherein air from said compressor which is connected to said gas turbine is supplied as the air for combustion in said pressurized fluidized bed boiler.
a steam turbine;
a pressurized fluidized bed boiler for generating steam for supply to said steam turbine via a main steam pipe system by combusting a mixture of air and fuel;
a dust collecting device connected to said pressurized fluidized bed boiler and having an outlet side;
a gas turbine connected to said dust collecting device and driven by exhaust gas supplied through said dust collecting device from said pressurized fluidized bed boiler and air;
a compressor for supplying said air;
a reheating steam pipe system connected between said pressurized fluidized bed boiler and said steam turbine;
a first bypass duct which communicates between an outlet portion of said compressor and an exhaust gas portion of said gas turbine and which has a surge prevention valve;
a second bypass duct which communicates between the outlet portion of said compressor and an inlet portion of said gas turbine and which has a compressor outlet bypass valve; and a control device which receives measured pressure values from a pressure detection device which detects the pressure at the outlet portion of said compressor and which controls said valves of said first and second bypass ducts based on a relationship between a surge limiting pressure and a predetermined degree of opening of an inlet variable guide vane of said compressor;
wherein the pressurized fluidized bed combined electricity generation system comprises a steam extraction pipe system for extracting a part of the steam generated by said pressurized fluidized bed boiler from said reheating steam pipe system and supplying the steam to the outlet side of said dust collecting device; and wherein air from said compressor which is connected to said gas turbine is supplied as the air for combustion in said pressurized fluidized bed boiler.
2. A pressurized fluidized bed combined electricity generation system comprising:
a steam turbine;
a pressurized fluidized bed boiler for generating steam for supply to said steam turbine via a main steam pipe system by combusting air and fuel;
a dust collecting device connected to said pressurized fluidized bed boiler and having an inlet side;
a gas turbine connected to said dust collecting device and driven by exhaust gas supplied through said dust collecting device from said pressurized fluidized bed boiler and air;
a compressor having an outlet side for supplying said air to said pressurized fluidized bed boiler;
a repeating steam pipe system connected between said pressurized fluidized bed boiler and said steam turbine;
a first bypass duct which communicates between an outlet portion of said compressor and an exhaust gas portion of said gas turbine and which has a surge prevention valve;
a second bypass duct which communicates between the outlet portion of said compressor and an inlet portion of said gas turbine and which has a compressor outlet bypass valve; and a control device which receives measured pressure values from a pressure detection device which detects the pressure at the outlet portion of said compressor and which controls said valves of said first and second bypass ducts based on a relationship between a surge limiting pressure and a predetermined degree of opening of an inlet variable guide vane of said compressor;
wherein the pressurized fluidized bed combined electricity generation system comprises a steam extraction pipe system for extracting a part of the steam generated by said pressurized fluidized bed boiler from said repeating steam pipe system and supplying the steam to the outlet side of said compressor; and wherein air from said compressor which is connected to said gas turbine is supplied as the air for combustion in said pressurized fluidized bed boiler.
a steam turbine;
a pressurized fluidized bed boiler for generating steam for supply to said steam turbine via a main steam pipe system by combusting air and fuel;
a dust collecting device connected to said pressurized fluidized bed boiler and having an inlet side;
a gas turbine connected to said dust collecting device and driven by exhaust gas supplied through said dust collecting device from said pressurized fluidized bed boiler and air;
a compressor having an outlet side for supplying said air to said pressurized fluidized bed boiler;
a repeating steam pipe system connected between said pressurized fluidized bed boiler and said steam turbine;
a first bypass duct which communicates between an outlet portion of said compressor and an exhaust gas portion of said gas turbine and which has a surge prevention valve;
a second bypass duct which communicates between the outlet portion of said compressor and an inlet portion of said gas turbine and which has a compressor outlet bypass valve; and a control device which receives measured pressure values from a pressure detection device which detects the pressure at the outlet portion of said compressor and which controls said valves of said first and second bypass ducts based on a relationship between a surge limiting pressure and a predetermined degree of opening of an inlet variable guide vane of said compressor;
wherein the pressurized fluidized bed combined electricity generation system comprises a steam extraction pipe system for extracting a part of the steam generated by said pressurized fluidized bed boiler from said repeating steam pipe system and supplying the steam to the outlet side of said compressor; and wherein air from said compressor which is connected to said gas turbine is supplied as the air for combustion in said pressurized fluidized bed boiler.
3. A pressurized fluidized bed combined electricity generation system comprising:
a steam turbine;
a pressurized fluidized bed boiler for generating steam for supply to said steam turbine via a main steam pipe system by combusting air and fuel;
a dust collecting device connected to said pressurized fluidized bed boiler and having an inlet side;
a gas turbine connected to said dust collecting device and driven by exhaust gas supplied through said dust collecting device from said pressurized fluidized bed boiler and air;
a compressor for supplying said air;
a repeating steam pipe system connected between said pressurized fluidized bed boiler and said steam turbine;
a first bypass duct which communicates between an outlet portion of said compressor and an exhaust gas portion of said gas turbine and which has a surge prevention valve;
a second bypass duct which communicates between the outlet portion of said compressor and an inlet portion of said gas turbine and which has a compressor outlet bypass valve; and a control device which receives measured pressure values from a pressure detection device which detects the pressure at the outlet portion of said compressor and which controls said valves of said first and second bypass ducts based on a relationship between a surge limiting pressure and a predetermined degree of opening of an inlet variable guide vane of said compressor;
wherein the pressurized fluidized bed combined electricity generation system comprises a steam extraction pipe system for extracting a part of the steam generated by said pressurized fluidized bed boiler from said repeating steam pipe system and supplying the steam to the inlet side of said dust collecting device; and wherein air from said compressor which is connected to said gas turbine is supplied as the air for combustion in said pressurized fluidized bed boiler.
a steam turbine;
a pressurized fluidized bed boiler for generating steam for supply to said steam turbine via a main steam pipe system by combusting air and fuel;
a dust collecting device connected to said pressurized fluidized bed boiler and having an inlet side;
a gas turbine connected to said dust collecting device and driven by exhaust gas supplied through said dust collecting device from said pressurized fluidized bed boiler and air;
a compressor for supplying said air;
a repeating steam pipe system connected between said pressurized fluidized bed boiler and said steam turbine;
a first bypass duct which communicates between an outlet portion of said compressor and an exhaust gas portion of said gas turbine and which has a surge prevention valve;
a second bypass duct which communicates between the outlet portion of said compressor and an inlet portion of said gas turbine and which has a compressor outlet bypass valve; and a control device which receives measured pressure values from a pressure detection device which detects the pressure at the outlet portion of said compressor and which controls said valves of said first and second bypass ducts based on a relationship between a surge limiting pressure and a predetermined degree of opening of an inlet variable guide vane of said compressor;
wherein the pressurized fluidized bed combined electricity generation system comprises a steam extraction pipe system for extracting a part of the steam generated by said pressurized fluidized bed boiler from said repeating steam pipe system and supplying the steam to the inlet side of said dust collecting device; and wherein air from said compressor which is connected to said gas turbine is supplied as the air for combustion in said pressurized fluidized bed boiler.
4. A pressurized fluidized bed combined electricity generation system according to claim 1, wherein:
two surge limiting pressure values are established in said control device in advance and, when a pressure during operation measured by said pressure detector reaches a pressure of one of said surge limiting pressure values, said control device maintains the predetermined degree of opening of the inlet variable guide vane and opens said surge prevention valve of said first bypass duct and, when said pressure during operation reaches the other surge limiting pressure value, said control device opens said outlet bypass valve of said second bypass duct.
two surge limiting pressure values are established in said control device in advance and, when a pressure during operation measured by said pressure detector reaches a pressure of one of said surge limiting pressure values, said control device maintains the predetermined degree of opening of the inlet variable guide vane and opens said surge prevention valve of said first bypass duct and, when said pressure during operation reaches the other surge limiting pressure value, said control device opens said outlet bypass valve of said second bypass duct.
5. A pressurized fluidized bed combined electricity generation system according to claim 4, wherein said control device is able to adjust the values of said two surge limiting pressures established in advance depending upon a temperature of intake air of said compressor, by itself or by setting said control device from the outside.
6. A pressurized fluidized bed combined electricity generation system according to claim 2, wherein:
two surge limiting pressure values are established in said control device in advance and, when a pressure during operation measured by said pressure detector reaches a pressure of one of said surge limiting pressure values, said control device maintains the predetermined degree of opening of the inlet variable guide vane and opens said surge prevention valve of said first bypass duct and, when said pressure during operation reaches the other surge limiting pressure value, said control device opens said outlet bypass valve of said second bypass duct.
two surge limiting pressure values are established in said control device in advance and, when a pressure during operation measured by said pressure detector reaches a pressure of one of said surge limiting pressure values, said control device maintains the predetermined degree of opening of the inlet variable guide vane and opens said surge prevention valve of said first bypass duct and, when said pressure during operation reaches the other surge limiting pressure value, said control device opens said outlet bypass valve of said second bypass duct.
7. A pressurized fluidized bed combined electricity generation system according to claim 6, wherein said control device is able to adjust the values of said two surge limiting pressures established in advance depending upon a temperature of intake air of said compressor, by itself or by setting said control device from the outside.
8. A pressurized fluidized bed combined electricity generation system according to claim 3, wherein:
two surge limiting pressure values are established in said control device in advance and, when a pressure during operation measured by said pressure detector reaches a pressure of one of said surge limiting pressure values, said control device maintains the predetermined degree of opening of the inlet variable guide vane and opens said surge prevention valve of said first bypass duct and, when said pressure during operation reaches the other surge limiting pressure value, said control device opens said outlet bypass valve of said second bypass duct.
two surge limiting pressure values are established in said control device in advance and, when a pressure during operation measured by said pressure detector reaches a pressure of one of said surge limiting pressure values, said control device maintains the predetermined degree of opening of the inlet variable guide vane and opens said surge prevention valve of said first bypass duct and, when said pressure during operation reaches the other surge limiting pressure value, said control device opens said outlet bypass valve of said second bypass duct.
9. A pressurized fluidized bed combined electricity generation system according to claim 8, wherein said control device is able to adjust the values of said two surge limiting pressures established in advance depending upon a temperature of intake air of said compressor, by itself or by setting said control device from the outside.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9/171917 | 1997-06-27 | ||
| JP17191797A JP3621809B2 (en) | 1997-06-27 | 1997-06-27 | Gas turbine output increasing method in combined power generation system |
| PCT/JP1998/002899 WO1999000586A1 (en) | 1997-06-27 | 1998-06-29 | Pressurized fluidized-bed combined cycle power generation system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2264115A1 CA2264115A1 (en) | 1999-01-07 |
| CA2264115C true CA2264115C (en) | 2005-12-20 |
Family
ID=35653204
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002264115A Expired - Fee Related CA2264115C (en) | 1997-06-27 | 1998-06-29 | Pressurized fluidized-bed combined cycle power generation system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2264115C (en) |
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1998
- 1998-06-29 CA CA002264115A patent/CA2264115C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2264115A1 (en) | 1999-01-07 |
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