CA2250515A1 - Cellular wireless communication system for communication between base stations and mobile or fixed terminals - Google Patents
Cellular wireless communication system for communication between base stations and mobile or fixed terminals Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2250515A1 CA2250515A1 CA002250515A CA2250515A CA2250515A1 CA 2250515 A1 CA2250515 A1 CA 2250515A1 CA 002250515 A CA002250515 A CA 002250515A CA 2250515 A CA2250515 A CA 2250515A CA 2250515 A1 CA2250515 A1 CA 2250515A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- mobile
- indication
- communication system
- wireless communication
- base station
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/24—Accounting or billing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
- H04M1/72—Mobile telephones; Cordless telephones, i.e. devices for establishing wireless links to base stations without route selection
- H04M1/725—Cordless telephones
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
- H04W84/04—Large scale networks; Deep hierarchical networks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
- H04W84/04—Large scale networks; Deep hierarchical networks
- H04W84/042—Public Land Mobile systems, e.g. cellular systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
- H04W88/08—Access point devices
Abstract
A cellular wireless communication system is disclosed providing communication between base stations 6 and mobile or fixed terminals. A fixed installation has a fixed directional antenna 4 directed at a predetermined base station 6. An interface 10 is provided for connecting the mobile terminal 16 to the antenna 4. When the interface is connected to the mobile terminal, information transmitted on the up link signalling channel including an indication that the fixed antenna is in use.
This allows a subscriber to use one mobile telephone set for both fixed and mobile communications, so having only one account, and allows the telephone service provider to reduce the charging rate for the fixed service to a level which is competitive with service provided via landline.
This allows a subscriber to use one mobile telephone set for both fixed and mobile communications, so having only one account, and allows the telephone service provider to reduce the charging rate for the fixed service to a level which is competitive with service provided via landline.
Description
CA 022~i0~ i 1998-10- l~i ere~:(J:3:lG2~IDs Ll33G~!zHou 2 ~3()GIIFI
CELLULAR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
WITH FIXED T~MTN~LS
This invention relates to cellular wireless communication systems (e.g. GSM radio systems) with fixed terminals.
Cellular radio communication systems are largely used to provide telephone and/or data services to mobile terminals. In competition with traditional telephone services where the subscriber is connected by land line to the switching centre, cellular radio systems service providers have been seeking to provide service to fixed terminals. A fixed terminal can use a highly directional antenna allowing its communication channels to be reused at a closer base station than would otherwise be the case.
That is the number of times that a frequency band can be re-used is increased. That allows the telephone service provider to reduce the charge rate for the fixed service so that it is competitive with services provided via land line.
Against this background there is provided a cellular wireless communication system, providing communication between base stations and mobile or fixed terminals, including a fixed installation comprising a fixed directional antenna directed at a predetermined base station and an interface for providing communications between a mobile terminal and the antenna, wherein when communication is via the interface, information transmitted on the up link CA 022~0~l~ l998- l0- l~
case rer: G3362/IDS 113362/ZHOU ~ 98061lFI
signalling channel includes an indication that the fixed antenna is in use, and wherein the base station has an array of two or more antennas and means responsive to receipt of said indication to adjust the phases of down link transmissions from individual antennas to produce a lobe directed at the known position of the fixed installation;
and to reduce the power of down link transmissions to the fixed installation. This allows a subscriber to use one mobile telephone set for both fixed and mobile communications, so having only one account, and may allow the telephone service provider to reduce the charging rate for the fixed service to a level which is competitive with service provided via landline.
In one form, the interface includes a connector and the mobile terminal includes a switch or proximity detector which is operated when the connector is connected to the mobile station, the mobile terminal being responsive to operation of the switch or proximity detector to transmit said indication.
In another form, the interface includes a radio transmitter/receiver for communication with the mobile terminal.
The interface may include means storing a code readable by the mobile which is responsive to the code to transmit said indication.
In that form, the indication transmitted may be the code.
CA 022~0~1~ 1998-10-1~
case re! (',3:31i~!1DS 118:3i;'~/ZHOU ~ 980~illFI
In an alternative form the interface includes a processor operable to encrypt a data word received from the mobile terminal and to return the encrypted word to the terminal, the mobile terminal performs a similar encryption and only if the two encrypted words are the same is the indication transmitted to the base station.
The base station may have a plurality of antennas each with a respective tapped delay line in which the tap output signals are weighted and summed, and wherein on receipt of the indication, the weights are determined so as to direct a lobe at the known position of the fixed installation. That allows a further reduction in power of transmissions on the up link, further reducing interference by the fixed station and allowing up link channels to be reused by a closer base station or mobile terminal than otherwise and/or reduces interference.
The system preferably includes a charging centre which during a call in which the base station receives the indication, reduces the charge rate.
Embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a fixed installation in a cellular wireless communication system embodying the invention; and Figure 2 is a schematic representation of an antenna array at a base station in a system embodying the invention;
CA 022~i0~ i 1998-10- l~i C~l.'il' rcl: (~8:3ii2,'IDS Ll:3:3ti2/ZHOU :2 ')81)~;1LFL
Figure 3 is a schematic representation of another system embodying the invention; and Figure 4 is a block diagram showing features of the base station.
Referring to the drawing, a building e.g. a subscriber's home 2, has a directional antenna e.g. a Yagi antenna 4 fixedly mounted thereon. The antenna 4 is designed to have a thin pencil beam in its polar both for reception and transmission. The beam is directed at a base station 6.
The antenna 4 is connected via a coaxial cable to an interface unit 10. The interface unit 10 includes a multiway connector 12 for connection to a complementary connector 14 in a mobile telephone set 16. A switch 18 is operated when the connector 12 is connected to change switch contacts 20 over so connecting the output of the telephone~s wide band power amplifier 22 to the cable 8 through the connector 12 instead of to the mobile's omnidirectional antenna 24.
The switch 18 may have an operating member (not shown) which is depressed by the connector 12 when connected or may be in the form of a proximity switch operated by a magnet 26 in the connector 12.
The connector 12 also connects the telephone set 16 to a power supply unit 28 in the interface 10.
Operation of the switch or proximity detector 18 may also be used to trigger the transmission on the signalling channel in use by the mobile of an indication that it is CA 022~0~1~ 1998-10-1~
~serefG33~2/IDS113362/ZHOU2 980611FI
connected to its fixed antenna installation.
Because the antenna is directional, communications on the uplink will be much less likely to interfere with other stations than communications via the mobile telephone~s omnidirectional antenna 24. Knowing that, the system can reuse channels in use by the mobile via its fixed installation at base station or mobile which is at a much reduced distance compared with the position with the omnidirectional antenna 24. The directional qualities of the antenna 4 also lead the base station 6 to instruct the mobile terminal to transmit at reduced power, compared with the power which would be needed with the omnidirectional antenna 24, which further reduces interference.
Referring to Figure 4, the base station 6 has a plurality of antennae 30 in a diversity array, each connected to respective duplexers 50. Transmitter and receiver circuits 52 and 54 are connected to each of the duplexers so that signals can be both transmitted and received through the same antennae. The receiver circuit includes the space time processors shown in Figure 2. As the position of the fixed installation is known, a controller 56 iS responsive to receipt of the indication, to adjust the output phases of the transmitter circuit 52 SO
that the antennae 30 produce a narrow beam directed at the antenna 4 and reduces the power.
The controller also provides information allowing the channel in use between the fixed installation and the CA 022~0~1~ 1998-10-1~
c3se rei: G33fi2/rDS 1133~;2/ZHOU 2 980~11FI
mobile station, to be re-used in an adjacent cell, and instructs a charging centre to reduce the rate for the call.
Since the antenna 4 also produces a stronger signal received from the base station 6, the base station can further reduce the power on its downlink communications with the mobile terminal 16.
On the uplink, each antenna 30 in the array has a respective space/time processor 32, shown in Figure 2, comprising a delay line 34 having taps at spacings of Ts equivalent to one symbol interval. The outputs from each tap are weighted by a vector w and the weighted outputs are summed in a summer 36. The sums are summed in a summer 38.
As the position of the fixed installation is known a predetermined set of weights can be loaded into the space/time processors so as to steer the array at the antenna 4.
The simple system described above in which a switch or proximity detector 18 is operated by the connector 12, may be open to abuse and is only possible when the interface includes a connector 12. In order to better ensure that the cheap rate is only given to mobiles when attached to the antenna 4, the interface 10 may include means 40 for storing a code. In a simple example the means 40 may comprise a set of switches, e.g. a DIP (dual in line switch). The switches may be set to a predetermined code readable via a bus 42 by the mobile terminal 16. The code may be utilised in various , CA 022~0~1~ 1998- lO- l~
c~se rcl: G.'3:3ti2/~DS 11:3:3ti2!ZHOI.' ~ 980611FI
ways. For example the mobile terminal may only transmit the attached to antenna indication if the code is the same as one stored in the mobile. Alternatively, the code may be transmitted and a comparison may be made at the base station.
In another alternative, the interface 10 may also include a processor 42 operable under control of a program stored in store 40 to encrypt a data word received from the mobile and to return the encrypted word over the bus 42.
The mobile performs a similar encryption and only if the two encrypted words are the same is the antenna attached indication transmitted to the base station.
In order to allow the user some mobility, the interface 10 shown in Figure 3 communicates with the mobile terminal 16 via radio channels provided by a low power transmitter and receiver 44 and ceiling mounted antenna 46.
The channels may be the same or different from the channel used for communication via the fixed antenna with the base station. In this case the interface may, itself, add the indication that the fixed antenna is in use to the up link signalling information. In the embodiment of Figure 3 an array of antennas 4 is provided. A beam forming unit 48 adjusts the signals to each antenna to form a thing pencil beam directed at the base station 6, both for reception and transmission.
CELLULAR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
WITH FIXED T~MTN~LS
This invention relates to cellular wireless communication systems (e.g. GSM radio systems) with fixed terminals.
Cellular radio communication systems are largely used to provide telephone and/or data services to mobile terminals. In competition with traditional telephone services where the subscriber is connected by land line to the switching centre, cellular radio systems service providers have been seeking to provide service to fixed terminals. A fixed terminal can use a highly directional antenna allowing its communication channels to be reused at a closer base station than would otherwise be the case.
That is the number of times that a frequency band can be re-used is increased. That allows the telephone service provider to reduce the charge rate for the fixed service so that it is competitive with services provided via land line.
Against this background there is provided a cellular wireless communication system, providing communication between base stations and mobile or fixed terminals, including a fixed installation comprising a fixed directional antenna directed at a predetermined base station and an interface for providing communications between a mobile terminal and the antenna, wherein when communication is via the interface, information transmitted on the up link CA 022~0~l~ l998- l0- l~
case rer: G3362/IDS 113362/ZHOU ~ 98061lFI
signalling channel includes an indication that the fixed antenna is in use, and wherein the base station has an array of two or more antennas and means responsive to receipt of said indication to adjust the phases of down link transmissions from individual antennas to produce a lobe directed at the known position of the fixed installation;
and to reduce the power of down link transmissions to the fixed installation. This allows a subscriber to use one mobile telephone set for both fixed and mobile communications, so having only one account, and may allow the telephone service provider to reduce the charging rate for the fixed service to a level which is competitive with service provided via landline.
In one form, the interface includes a connector and the mobile terminal includes a switch or proximity detector which is operated when the connector is connected to the mobile station, the mobile terminal being responsive to operation of the switch or proximity detector to transmit said indication.
In another form, the interface includes a radio transmitter/receiver for communication with the mobile terminal.
The interface may include means storing a code readable by the mobile which is responsive to the code to transmit said indication.
In that form, the indication transmitted may be the code.
CA 022~0~1~ 1998-10-1~
case re! (',3:31i~!1DS 118:3i;'~/ZHOU ~ 980~illFI
In an alternative form the interface includes a processor operable to encrypt a data word received from the mobile terminal and to return the encrypted word to the terminal, the mobile terminal performs a similar encryption and only if the two encrypted words are the same is the indication transmitted to the base station.
The base station may have a plurality of antennas each with a respective tapped delay line in which the tap output signals are weighted and summed, and wherein on receipt of the indication, the weights are determined so as to direct a lobe at the known position of the fixed installation. That allows a further reduction in power of transmissions on the up link, further reducing interference by the fixed station and allowing up link channels to be reused by a closer base station or mobile terminal than otherwise and/or reduces interference.
The system preferably includes a charging centre which during a call in which the base station receives the indication, reduces the charge rate.
Embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a fixed installation in a cellular wireless communication system embodying the invention; and Figure 2 is a schematic representation of an antenna array at a base station in a system embodying the invention;
CA 022~i0~ i 1998-10- l~i C~l.'il' rcl: (~8:3ii2,'IDS Ll:3:3ti2/ZHOU :2 ')81)~;1LFL
Figure 3 is a schematic representation of another system embodying the invention; and Figure 4 is a block diagram showing features of the base station.
Referring to the drawing, a building e.g. a subscriber's home 2, has a directional antenna e.g. a Yagi antenna 4 fixedly mounted thereon. The antenna 4 is designed to have a thin pencil beam in its polar both for reception and transmission. The beam is directed at a base station 6.
The antenna 4 is connected via a coaxial cable to an interface unit 10. The interface unit 10 includes a multiway connector 12 for connection to a complementary connector 14 in a mobile telephone set 16. A switch 18 is operated when the connector 12 is connected to change switch contacts 20 over so connecting the output of the telephone~s wide band power amplifier 22 to the cable 8 through the connector 12 instead of to the mobile's omnidirectional antenna 24.
The switch 18 may have an operating member (not shown) which is depressed by the connector 12 when connected or may be in the form of a proximity switch operated by a magnet 26 in the connector 12.
The connector 12 also connects the telephone set 16 to a power supply unit 28 in the interface 10.
Operation of the switch or proximity detector 18 may also be used to trigger the transmission on the signalling channel in use by the mobile of an indication that it is CA 022~0~1~ 1998-10-1~
~serefG33~2/IDS113362/ZHOU2 980611FI
connected to its fixed antenna installation.
Because the antenna is directional, communications on the uplink will be much less likely to interfere with other stations than communications via the mobile telephone~s omnidirectional antenna 24. Knowing that, the system can reuse channels in use by the mobile via its fixed installation at base station or mobile which is at a much reduced distance compared with the position with the omnidirectional antenna 24. The directional qualities of the antenna 4 also lead the base station 6 to instruct the mobile terminal to transmit at reduced power, compared with the power which would be needed with the omnidirectional antenna 24, which further reduces interference.
Referring to Figure 4, the base station 6 has a plurality of antennae 30 in a diversity array, each connected to respective duplexers 50. Transmitter and receiver circuits 52 and 54 are connected to each of the duplexers so that signals can be both transmitted and received through the same antennae. The receiver circuit includes the space time processors shown in Figure 2. As the position of the fixed installation is known, a controller 56 iS responsive to receipt of the indication, to adjust the output phases of the transmitter circuit 52 SO
that the antennae 30 produce a narrow beam directed at the antenna 4 and reduces the power.
The controller also provides information allowing the channel in use between the fixed installation and the CA 022~0~1~ 1998-10-1~
c3se rei: G33fi2/rDS 1133~;2/ZHOU 2 980~11FI
mobile station, to be re-used in an adjacent cell, and instructs a charging centre to reduce the rate for the call.
Since the antenna 4 also produces a stronger signal received from the base station 6, the base station can further reduce the power on its downlink communications with the mobile terminal 16.
On the uplink, each antenna 30 in the array has a respective space/time processor 32, shown in Figure 2, comprising a delay line 34 having taps at spacings of Ts equivalent to one symbol interval. The outputs from each tap are weighted by a vector w and the weighted outputs are summed in a summer 36. The sums are summed in a summer 38.
As the position of the fixed installation is known a predetermined set of weights can be loaded into the space/time processors so as to steer the array at the antenna 4.
The simple system described above in which a switch or proximity detector 18 is operated by the connector 12, may be open to abuse and is only possible when the interface includes a connector 12. In order to better ensure that the cheap rate is only given to mobiles when attached to the antenna 4, the interface 10 may include means 40 for storing a code. In a simple example the means 40 may comprise a set of switches, e.g. a DIP (dual in line switch). The switches may be set to a predetermined code readable via a bus 42 by the mobile terminal 16. The code may be utilised in various , CA 022~0~1~ 1998- lO- l~
c~se rcl: G.'3:3ti2/~DS 11:3:3ti2!ZHOI.' ~ 980611FI
ways. For example the mobile terminal may only transmit the attached to antenna indication if the code is the same as one stored in the mobile. Alternatively, the code may be transmitted and a comparison may be made at the base station.
In another alternative, the interface 10 may also include a processor 42 operable under control of a program stored in store 40 to encrypt a data word received from the mobile and to return the encrypted word over the bus 42.
The mobile performs a similar encryption and only if the two encrypted words are the same is the antenna attached indication transmitted to the base station.
In order to allow the user some mobility, the interface 10 shown in Figure 3 communicates with the mobile terminal 16 via radio channels provided by a low power transmitter and receiver 44 and ceiling mounted antenna 46.
The channels may be the same or different from the channel used for communication via the fixed antenna with the base station. In this case the interface may, itself, add the indication that the fixed antenna is in use to the up link signalling information. In the embodiment of Figure 3 an array of antennas 4 is provided. A beam forming unit 48 adjusts the signals to each antenna to form a thing pencil beam directed at the base station 6, both for reception and transmission.
Claims (9)
1. A cellular mobile communication system, providing direct communication between base stations and mobile terminals over ones of a set of radio channels allocated for cellular mobile communications, said system including a fixed installation comprising a fixed directional antenna directed at a predetermined base station and an interface for providing communications between a mobile terminal and the antenna so as to obtain communications between the antenna and the predetermined base station over a channel of said set of radio channels, wherein when communication is via the interface, signalling information transmitted on the up link includes an indication that the fixed antenna is in use, wherein the base station has an array of two or more antennas and on receipt of said indication adjusts the phases of down link transmissions from individual antennas to produce a lobe directed at the known position of the fixed installation;
and wherein on receipt of said indication, the base station reduces the power of down link transmissions to the fixed installation.
and wherein on receipt of said indication, the base station reduces the power of down link transmissions to the fixed installation.
2. A cellular wireless communication system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the interface includes a connector and the mobile terminal includes a switch or proximity detector which is operated when the interface is connected to the mobile station, the mobile terminal being responsive to operation of the switch or proximity detector to transmit said indication.
3. A cellular wireless communication system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the interface includes a radio transmitter/receiver for communication with the mobile terminal.
4. A cellular wireless communication system as claimed in claim 1 or 3, wherein the interface includes means storing a code readable by the mobile which is responsive to the code to transmit said indication.
5. A cellular wireless communication system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the indication transmitted is the code.
6. A cellular wireless communication system as claimed in claim 1 or 3, wherein the interface includes a processor operable to encrypt a data word received from the mobile terminal and to return the encrypted word to the terminal, and wherein the mobile terminal performs a similar encryption and only if the two encrypted words are the same is the indication transmitted to the base station.
7. A cellular wireless communication system as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the base station has a plurality of antennas each with a respective tapped delay line space/time processor in which the tap output signals are weighted and summed, and wherein on receipt of the indication, the weights are determined so as to direct a lobe at the known position of the fixed installation.
8. A cellular wireless communication system as claimed in any preceding claim, including a charging centre which during a call in which the base station receives the indication, reduces the charge rate.
9. A cellular wireless communication system as claimed in any preceding claim, including means responsive to receipt of said indication to re-use the channel on which the mobile is communicating, in an adjacent cell.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP97308948.5 | 1997-11-07 | ||
| EP97308948 | 1997-11-07 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2250515A1 true CA2250515A1 (en) | 1999-05-07 |
Family
ID=8229599
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002250515A Abandoned CA2250515A1 (en) | 1997-11-07 | 1998-10-15 | Cellular wireless communication system for communication between base stations and mobile or fixed terminals |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3004977B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR19990044956A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1219086A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU720869B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9804357A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2250515A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69839472D1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100539953B1 (en) * | 2004-03-04 | 2005-12-28 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Mobile communication system for providing real time messenger service between mobile communication terminals and messenger service providing method using the same |
| JP4509870B2 (en) * | 2005-06-09 | 2010-07-21 | Ｄｘアンテナ株式会社 | Antenna device |
| CN107613580B (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2023-05-02 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Disaster-resistant mine emergency communication system |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE516173C2 (en) * | 1993-02-16 | 2001-11-26 | Ericsson Telefon Ab L M | Device for telecommunications |
| AU722727B2 (en) * | 1996-03-26 | 2000-08-10 | British Telecommunications Public Limited Company | Alternative routing system for mobile telephone calls |
-
1998
- 1998-10-15 CA CA002250515A patent/CA2250515A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-10-30 BR BR9804357-9A patent/BR9804357A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-11-03 KR KR1019980046898A patent/KR19990044956A/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-11-03 DE DE69839472T patent/DE69839472D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-04 CN CN98123836A patent/CN1219086A/en active Pending
- 1998-11-04 AU AU91321/98A patent/AU720869B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-11-06 JP JP10315667A patent/JP3004977B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP3004977B2 (en) | 2000-01-31 |
| AU720869B2 (en) | 2000-06-15 |
| CN1219086A (en) | 1999-06-09 |
| AU9132198A (en) | 1999-05-27 |
| BR9804357A (en) | 1999-12-14 |
| KR19990044956A (en) | 1999-06-25 |
| DE69839472D1 (en) | 2008-06-26 |
| JPH11317702A (en) | 1999-11-16 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |
Effective date: 20030422 |