CA2241985A1 - Method of gasifying coal and related installation - Google Patents
Method of gasifying coal and related installation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2241985A1 CA2241985A1 CA002241985A CA2241985A CA2241985A1 CA 2241985 A1 CA2241985 A1 CA 2241985A1 CA 002241985 A CA002241985 A CA 002241985A CA 2241985 A CA2241985 A CA 2241985A CA 2241985 A1 CA2241985 A1 CA 2241985A1
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- reaction chamber
- fuel
- coal
- gasification
- preparation
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/485—Entrained flow gasifiers
- C10J3/487—Swirling or cyclonic gasifiers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/466—Entrained flow processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
- C10L9/08—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatments, e.g. calcining
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0973—Water
- C10J2300/0976—Water as steam
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
- C10J2300/123—Heating the gasifier by electromagnetic waves, e.g. microwaves
- C10J2300/1238—Heating the gasifier by electromagnetic waves, e.g. microwaves by plasma
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
- Y02E20/18—Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]
Abstract
The invention is in the field of power engineering, specifically the thermal processing of coal, and can be used in thermal power plants for refining low-grade coal to produce environmentally clean synthesis gas. To enhance the fuel's reactivity and increase the output of synthesis gas, a portion of fuel undergoes electro-thermo-chemical preparation in advance; this involves directing the dust-air mixture through preparation chambers (PC) (2 and 3).
There a stream of low-temperature plasma is generated, and the combustion products are then directed towards the reaction chamber (RC) (1), into which the main stream of pulverised fuel and gasifying agent are tangentially introduced, and complete gasification of the fuel occurs. The installation for applying this method comprises a vertically positioned reaction chamber (RC) (1) whose lower part is linked with at least two preparation chambers (PC) (2 and 3), placed diametrally for advance electro-thermo-chemical processing of the fuel. Each preparation chamber (PC) is made as a muffle (4) with a built-in plasma generator (5) and the muffles (4) are connected to the reaction chamber (RC) (1) tangentially and face-to-face. The means for introducing into the reaction chamber (RC) (1) the main stream of coal dust and gasifying agent are positioned diametrally and are tangentially connected to the reaction chamber (RC) (1).
There a stream of low-temperature plasma is generated, and the combustion products are then directed towards the reaction chamber (RC) (1), into which the main stream of pulverised fuel and gasifying agent are tangentially introduced, and complete gasification of the fuel occurs. The installation for applying this method comprises a vertically positioned reaction chamber (RC) (1) whose lower part is linked with at least two preparation chambers (PC) (2 and 3), placed diametrally for advance electro-thermo-chemical processing of the fuel. Each preparation chamber (PC) is made as a muffle (4) with a built-in plasma generator (5) and the muffles (4) are connected to the reaction chamber (RC) (1) tangentially and face-to-face. The means for introducing into the reaction chamber (RC) (1) the main stream of coal dust and gasifying agent are positioned diametrally and are tangentially connected to the reaction chamber (RC) (1).
Description
CA 0224198~ 1998-06-30 A METHOD OF COALS GASIFICATION
AND AN APPARATUS FOR CARRYING OUT THE SAME
Field of the Invention This invention relates to power engineering, in particular, to thermal processing of coals, and may be used in heat electric power plants for the improvement of low grade coals and for the production of ecologically clean synthesis gas.
Description of the Prior Art Known is the method of coals gasification - the Luhrgie process - which comprises feeding of lump coal and a gasifying agent into the chamber of a gasifier. As the gasifying agent used are steam or oxygen. This method is referred to autot~errn~l (self - heating) processes of gasification since the needed energy is received as the result of combustion of a part of the fuel. The process temperature is 900 - 1400 degrees K.; sizes of coal lumps are from 5 to 50 mm (H. Firrat "Predstavlenije electrostantsiji kombinirovannogo tsikla na osnove gzificatsiji uglja"/"Provision of a Combined Cycle Based on Coal Gasification for Electric Power Plants", Metallgesellschaft, 1991~ [1].
However, the known method shows poor quality of the obtained synthesis gas due to high CO content therein. In addition, said lump coal processing, while reducing the reacting surface, decreases the efficiency of the process.
Known in the aTt is a gasifier for carrying out the Luhrgie process comprising avertical chamber, a charging device for feeding lump coal arranged at the top of said chamber, as well as lances for supplying a gasifying agent which are located at the bottom of the chamber. The synthesis gas is removed out of the chamber from the top thereof, while the slag is discharged from the bottom of the chamber [ 1].
However, the known gasifier does not provide the production of quality synthesisgas and its efficiency is not high.
A method of coal gasification in a pulverulent stream according to the Koppers - Tohtzeck method, comprising feeding pulverized coal with steam and 5 oxygen into the chamber of the gasifier through nozzles by blowing, is the method most close, in the technical essence, to the proposed invention. The formed gas is removed from the top of the gas generator, while the liquid slag is discharged from the bottom thereof. With the steam - oxygen gasification of the pulverized fuel high level of carbon conversion is obtained., the undesirable products of coal semicoking are 10 absent and there is a possibility to process any type of coal ("Khimicheskije veshestva iz uglija"/"Chemical Substances Out of Coal", Edited by Yu. Falbe, Moscow, "Khimija" Publishing House, 1980, page 615) [2].
However, subst~n~l carbon dioxide content in the obtained gas, which is a~lo~illlately 10 %, is typical for the known process of gasification. This is due to the 15 compensation of the reaction endothermic effect by the combustion of a part of the coal. Besides that, the known method is associated with the necessity to use a considerable amount of oxygen what subst~nti~lly increases the cost of the obtained synthesis gas.
The Koppers - Tohtzeck gasifier [2] is the one most close to the proposed 20 apparatus, which gasifier comprises a horizontal chamber provided with nozzles for feeding the reagents which are arranged opposite each other at the faces thereof. The formed gas is removed from the top of the gas generator, while the liquid slag is discharged from the bottom thereof.
Yet, in order to keep the combustion and to increase gas caloricity, oxygen is 25 used in the known gasifier and the combustion chamber of large ~limen~ions isrequired. Besides that, it is difficult to optimize the process of combustion with oxygen and air blowing, what results in higher carbon dioxide content and incomplete conversion of coal.
30 Summary of the Invention The task resolved by the proposed invention resides in the implementation of thepreliminary electrothermochemical preparation of a fuel portion so as to provide the progress of endothermic reactions during the process of gasification and to provide CA 0224198~ 1998-06-30 stabilization of combustion subsequently introducing the products of combustion into the chamber of the gasifier. The electrothermochemical plepalalion improves reactivity of the fuel and permits to conduct the controlled process of combustion whereby to improve the quality of the produced synthesis gas and to increase the yield thereof.
According to the invention, in order to achieve the technical result provided bythe invention, in the method of coal gasification comprising feeding of the pulverized fuel with a gasifying agent into the reaction chamber by blowing, the 10 electrothermochemical preparation of a fuel portion is performed by passing the air - pulverized coal ~ e through the plep~alion chambers in which a low - temperature plasma stream is generated and adrnixed with the pulverized fuel and the latter is heated and ignited; then the process of burning is m~int~ined in the preheated muffle and after that the products of combustion are directed to the reaction 15 chamber to which chamber the main flow of the pulverized fuel and the gasifying agent are t~ngenti~lly introduced, and complete fuel gasification is thus performed.
Air is used, thelewi~l, as the oxidizer and superheated steam is used as the gasifying agent.
The all;~ ent of the technical result provided by the invention has become 20 possible due to the implementation of the apparatus for the coal gasification compri~ing a cylindrical reaction chamber, means for feeding the re~gent~ and discharging the reaction products which apparatus, according to the invention, is provided with at least two preparation chambers arranged diametrically opposite each other and connected to the lower portion of the reaction chamber located vertically; each of said plepalalion 25 chambers being made in the form of a muffle provided with a built - in plasmagenerator; said muffles being tangenti~lly connected to the reaction chamber anddirected towards each other; and said means for feeding the reagent~ being installed diametrically opposite each other between said pl~al~lion chambers and tangentially connected to the reaction chamber.
This combination of the design features provides, according to the method, said preliminary electrothermochemical preparation of the fuel, its combustion in thepreheated muffle and after - burning of a fuel portion in the reaction chamber in order to increase the reactivity of the main portion of the processed fuel.
CA 0224198~ 1998-06-30 The electrothermochemical preparation (ETCP) of a fuel portion permits to accelerate the progress of chemical reactions drastically due to the advantages of plasma processes of gasification, and namely, due to the provision of a great number of active centers (excited atoms, molecules, ions, electrons, photons). The particles of coal in the preparation chambers, entering the zone of high temperatures, undergo the thermal impact which pulverizes coal so that it becomes finely dispersed what increases the reactivity of the fuel. The products of combustion from the muffle, having 10 a high temperature (1600 degrees C), are entering the reactor space, increasing the temperature, where they react with coal carbon and, according to the Boudoir reaction, are reduced to CO, thus, increasing caloricity of the fuel gas. High concentration of energy in the reaction chamber allows to reduce dimensions of the gasifier.
The proposed method of coals gasification in the accoll-pallying flow, as distinct 15 from the known methods, is an intermediate one between autothçrm~l (self - heating) and allothermal gasification processes, since, partially, heat is generated due to the electric arc of the plasma generator intended for carrying out said ETCP, due to the combustion of a portion of coal in the preheated muffle and due to the after - burning in the reactor chamber.
Thus, proposed is the two - stage coal gasification in the accompanying (mixed) flow, according to which: at the first stage the electrothermochemical preparation of a fuel portion is performed by passing the air - pulverized coal nli~lu~e (APCM) through the plasma stream (in the form of two flares) into the muffles preheated by plasma generators. When a temperature sufficient for said coal gasification is reached in the 25 reactor, the superheated steam and the pulverized coal are fed into the reactor (the second stage). At this time the complete gasification of the re~g~nt~ takes place with the oxidizer being in short supply. High efficiency of gasification is attained due to t~ngenti~l feeding of the APCM and the pulverized coal, as well as the ejected superheated steam, into the cylindrical reactor, whereby the reagents are m~int~ined in 30 the reaction zone for a time sufficient for perfolming the complete gasification thereof.
Brief Description of the Drawings The essence of the invention is further explained by the accompanying drawings, 35 wherein:
CA 0224198~ 1998-06-30 Fig. 1 schematically illustrates the proposed apl)alalus for fuel gasification.
Fig . 2 shows the cross section along line II - II, wherein unit A is the means for 5 charging the main flow of the pulverized coal and a gasifying agent, and unit B is the prel)al~lion chamber.
Preferable Embodiment of the Invention The apparatus for fuel gasification comprises (Fig. 1) a vertically arranged cylindrical reaction chamber 1, lined with a refractory material such as Carborundum (silicon - carbide abrasive). The a~palalus is provided with at least two preparation chambers 2 and 3 for said electrothermochemical preparation (ETCP) of the fuel connected to the lower portion of the reaction chamber 1 and arranged diametrically 15 opposite each other. Each of said plepal~lion chambers (Fig. 2) is made in the form of a muffle 4 provided with a built - in plasma generator 5; said muffles being t~ngçnti~lly connected to the reaction chamber 1 and directed towards each other for creating a twisted air - pulverized coal flow. Muffles 4 of the preparation chambers 2 and 3 are connected to pulverized coal ducts 6 for feeding the air - pulverized coal ~ lule 20 (APCM). Feeding of air necessary for m~int~ining the combustion in the ETCP
chamber is provided by means of a blowing fan and is controlled by a gate (not shown in the drawing). Power supply to said plasma generators 5 is provided by a DC source from a thyristor - type converter. The main flow of the pulverized coal is t~ngto,nti~lly supplied into the reaction chamber 1 by means of two pulverized coal feeders of the 25 star - shape type; steam - jet ejectors for supplying superheated steam being built - in at the points of said pulverized coal feeding arranged diametrically opposite each other.
The gas formed in the process of gasification is removed from the top of the reaction chamber 1 and is supplied into cyclone 7 while the liquid slag is directed to slag collector 8 located at the bottom of the reaction chamber 1.
Depending on power and dimensions, the proposed apparatus for coal gasification may have more plepalalion chambers than mentioned in the above, forexample, it may contain four or six preparation chambers, said chambers may be staggered in tiers along the height of the reaction chamber.
The proposed method of coals gasification is carried out as follows.
CA 0224198~ 1998-06-30 A portion of the pulverized fuel with an oxidizer, which may comprise oxygen or air, is fed into the preparation chambers for said electrothermochemical preparation of the fuel; a low - temperature plasma stream is pre - generated. The air - pulverized coal mixture, after passing through the low - temperature plasma stream and the muffles preheated by the plasma generators, is t~ngenh~lly supplied, in the form of two flares into the space of the reaction chamber. When a temperature sufficient for coal gasification is reached, the main flow of the pulverized coal and the gasifying agent 10 comprising the superheated steam are t~ngenh~lly supplied into the reaction chamber.
The products of combustion having a high temperature (1300 degrees K), which aresupplied from the preparation chambers into the reaction chamber, react with coal carbon and, according to the Boudoir reaction, are reduced to CO, thus, increasing caloricity of the fuel gas. Said tangential feeding of the products of combustion from 15 the plepalalion chambers, the pulverized coal and the ejected superheated steam into the reaction chamber allows to m~int~in the reagents in the reaction zone for a time sufficient for performing the complete gasification.
The gas formed in the process of gasification is supplied into cyclone where said gas is purified from dust, and after that it may be burnt in a furnace (in a fire box) or 20 may be cooled for heating and steam formation or may be compressed and supplied to customers through pipe lines. The liquid slag is directed to slag collector located under the reaction chamber.
The proposed method of coals gasification is illustrated by the following example of the actual embodiment of the invention.
The appal~lus for coals gasification comprising two chambers for the ETCP with built - in plasma generators of 66 kW power has been used to realize said method.
Compressed air and cooling water are supplied to plasma generators 5 and the plasma generators are started. When the preparation chambers 2 and 3 are warmed up, the air - pulverized coal mixture is fed therein at a rate being adjusted at 130 kg of coal 30 and 400 cubic meters of air per hour. The air - pulverized coal lllixlule, after passing through the plasma stream and the muffles 4 preheated by the plasma generators, is tangentially supplied, in the form of two flares, into the space of the reactionchamber 1 in which the main flow of the pulverized coal at a rate of 200 kg per hour and the superheated steam at a rate of 300 kg per hour and at the temperature of 380 35 degrees C are t~ngent~ y supplied.
CA 0224198~ 1998-06-30 The products of combustion supplied from the preparation chambers 2 and 3 into the reaction chamber 1 provide drastic acceleration of the chemical reactions progress, 5 thus, increasing caloricity of the fuel. The tangential feeding of the re~gent~ allows to prolong the time of staying thereof in the reaction zone. The average mass temperature of the process is 1300 degrees K. The gas formed as the result of gasification is supplied into cyclone 7 while the liquid slag is directed to slag collector 8. The composition of the produced synthesis gas (according to the results of the analysis 10 obtained using Chromatograph "AXl- 002 - l"/"AHG 002 - 1") is as follows: oxygen content - 0 % by volume; carbon dioxide content (CO2) - 4.8 % by volume;
hydrogen content (H2) - 18.2 % by volume; carbon oxide content (CO) - 19.1 % by volume; methane content (CH4) - 2.1 % by volume.
The use of the proposed method of coals gasification and the appa-~us for 15 carrying out the same permits to decrease considerably energy costs due to the combustion of a portion of coal in plasma. The electrothermochemical prepalalion(ETCP) of ~e fuel improves reacting capability of the fuel and allows to carry out the controlled combustion process. High concentration of energy in the reaction chamber due to the electrothermochemical preparation (ETCP) allows to reduce ~limen~ions of 20 the main equipment. Besides that, the quality and the output of the produced synthesis gas are increased.
AND AN APPARATUS FOR CARRYING OUT THE SAME
Field of the Invention This invention relates to power engineering, in particular, to thermal processing of coals, and may be used in heat electric power plants for the improvement of low grade coals and for the production of ecologically clean synthesis gas.
Description of the Prior Art Known is the method of coals gasification - the Luhrgie process - which comprises feeding of lump coal and a gasifying agent into the chamber of a gasifier. As the gasifying agent used are steam or oxygen. This method is referred to autot~errn~l (self - heating) processes of gasification since the needed energy is received as the result of combustion of a part of the fuel. The process temperature is 900 - 1400 degrees K.; sizes of coal lumps are from 5 to 50 mm (H. Firrat "Predstavlenije electrostantsiji kombinirovannogo tsikla na osnove gzificatsiji uglja"/"Provision of a Combined Cycle Based on Coal Gasification for Electric Power Plants", Metallgesellschaft, 1991~ [1].
However, the known method shows poor quality of the obtained synthesis gas due to high CO content therein. In addition, said lump coal processing, while reducing the reacting surface, decreases the efficiency of the process.
Known in the aTt is a gasifier for carrying out the Luhrgie process comprising avertical chamber, a charging device for feeding lump coal arranged at the top of said chamber, as well as lances for supplying a gasifying agent which are located at the bottom of the chamber. The synthesis gas is removed out of the chamber from the top thereof, while the slag is discharged from the bottom of the chamber [ 1].
However, the known gasifier does not provide the production of quality synthesisgas and its efficiency is not high.
A method of coal gasification in a pulverulent stream according to the Koppers - Tohtzeck method, comprising feeding pulverized coal with steam and 5 oxygen into the chamber of the gasifier through nozzles by blowing, is the method most close, in the technical essence, to the proposed invention. The formed gas is removed from the top of the gas generator, while the liquid slag is discharged from the bottom thereof. With the steam - oxygen gasification of the pulverized fuel high level of carbon conversion is obtained., the undesirable products of coal semicoking are 10 absent and there is a possibility to process any type of coal ("Khimicheskije veshestva iz uglija"/"Chemical Substances Out of Coal", Edited by Yu. Falbe, Moscow, "Khimija" Publishing House, 1980, page 615) [2].
However, subst~n~l carbon dioxide content in the obtained gas, which is a~lo~illlately 10 %, is typical for the known process of gasification. This is due to the 15 compensation of the reaction endothermic effect by the combustion of a part of the coal. Besides that, the known method is associated with the necessity to use a considerable amount of oxygen what subst~nti~lly increases the cost of the obtained synthesis gas.
The Koppers - Tohtzeck gasifier [2] is the one most close to the proposed 20 apparatus, which gasifier comprises a horizontal chamber provided with nozzles for feeding the reagents which are arranged opposite each other at the faces thereof. The formed gas is removed from the top of the gas generator, while the liquid slag is discharged from the bottom thereof.
Yet, in order to keep the combustion and to increase gas caloricity, oxygen is 25 used in the known gasifier and the combustion chamber of large ~limen~ions isrequired. Besides that, it is difficult to optimize the process of combustion with oxygen and air blowing, what results in higher carbon dioxide content and incomplete conversion of coal.
30 Summary of the Invention The task resolved by the proposed invention resides in the implementation of thepreliminary electrothermochemical preparation of a fuel portion so as to provide the progress of endothermic reactions during the process of gasification and to provide CA 0224198~ 1998-06-30 stabilization of combustion subsequently introducing the products of combustion into the chamber of the gasifier. The electrothermochemical plepalalion improves reactivity of the fuel and permits to conduct the controlled process of combustion whereby to improve the quality of the produced synthesis gas and to increase the yield thereof.
According to the invention, in order to achieve the technical result provided bythe invention, in the method of coal gasification comprising feeding of the pulverized fuel with a gasifying agent into the reaction chamber by blowing, the 10 electrothermochemical preparation of a fuel portion is performed by passing the air - pulverized coal ~ e through the plep~alion chambers in which a low - temperature plasma stream is generated and adrnixed with the pulverized fuel and the latter is heated and ignited; then the process of burning is m~int~ined in the preheated muffle and after that the products of combustion are directed to the reaction 15 chamber to which chamber the main flow of the pulverized fuel and the gasifying agent are t~ngenti~lly introduced, and complete fuel gasification is thus performed.
Air is used, thelewi~l, as the oxidizer and superheated steam is used as the gasifying agent.
The all;~ ent of the technical result provided by the invention has become 20 possible due to the implementation of the apparatus for the coal gasification compri~ing a cylindrical reaction chamber, means for feeding the re~gent~ and discharging the reaction products which apparatus, according to the invention, is provided with at least two preparation chambers arranged diametrically opposite each other and connected to the lower portion of the reaction chamber located vertically; each of said plepalalion 25 chambers being made in the form of a muffle provided with a built - in plasmagenerator; said muffles being tangenti~lly connected to the reaction chamber anddirected towards each other; and said means for feeding the reagent~ being installed diametrically opposite each other between said pl~al~lion chambers and tangentially connected to the reaction chamber.
This combination of the design features provides, according to the method, said preliminary electrothermochemical preparation of the fuel, its combustion in thepreheated muffle and after - burning of a fuel portion in the reaction chamber in order to increase the reactivity of the main portion of the processed fuel.
CA 0224198~ 1998-06-30 The electrothermochemical preparation (ETCP) of a fuel portion permits to accelerate the progress of chemical reactions drastically due to the advantages of plasma processes of gasification, and namely, due to the provision of a great number of active centers (excited atoms, molecules, ions, electrons, photons). The particles of coal in the preparation chambers, entering the zone of high temperatures, undergo the thermal impact which pulverizes coal so that it becomes finely dispersed what increases the reactivity of the fuel. The products of combustion from the muffle, having 10 a high temperature (1600 degrees C), are entering the reactor space, increasing the temperature, where they react with coal carbon and, according to the Boudoir reaction, are reduced to CO, thus, increasing caloricity of the fuel gas. High concentration of energy in the reaction chamber allows to reduce dimensions of the gasifier.
The proposed method of coals gasification in the accoll-pallying flow, as distinct 15 from the known methods, is an intermediate one between autothçrm~l (self - heating) and allothermal gasification processes, since, partially, heat is generated due to the electric arc of the plasma generator intended for carrying out said ETCP, due to the combustion of a portion of coal in the preheated muffle and due to the after - burning in the reactor chamber.
Thus, proposed is the two - stage coal gasification in the accompanying (mixed) flow, according to which: at the first stage the electrothermochemical preparation of a fuel portion is performed by passing the air - pulverized coal nli~lu~e (APCM) through the plasma stream (in the form of two flares) into the muffles preheated by plasma generators. When a temperature sufficient for said coal gasification is reached in the 25 reactor, the superheated steam and the pulverized coal are fed into the reactor (the second stage). At this time the complete gasification of the re~g~nt~ takes place with the oxidizer being in short supply. High efficiency of gasification is attained due to t~ngenti~l feeding of the APCM and the pulverized coal, as well as the ejected superheated steam, into the cylindrical reactor, whereby the reagents are m~int~ined in 30 the reaction zone for a time sufficient for perfolming the complete gasification thereof.
Brief Description of the Drawings The essence of the invention is further explained by the accompanying drawings, 35 wherein:
CA 0224198~ 1998-06-30 Fig. 1 schematically illustrates the proposed apl)alalus for fuel gasification.
Fig . 2 shows the cross section along line II - II, wherein unit A is the means for 5 charging the main flow of the pulverized coal and a gasifying agent, and unit B is the prel)al~lion chamber.
Preferable Embodiment of the Invention The apparatus for fuel gasification comprises (Fig. 1) a vertically arranged cylindrical reaction chamber 1, lined with a refractory material such as Carborundum (silicon - carbide abrasive). The a~palalus is provided with at least two preparation chambers 2 and 3 for said electrothermochemical preparation (ETCP) of the fuel connected to the lower portion of the reaction chamber 1 and arranged diametrically 15 opposite each other. Each of said plepal~lion chambers (Fig. 2) is made in the form of a muffle 4 provided with a built - in plasma generator 5; said muffles being t~ngçnti~lly connected to the reaction chamber 1 and directed towards each other for creating a twisted air - pulverized coal flow. Muffles 4 of the preparation chambers 2 and 3 are connected to pulverized coal ducts 6 for feeding the air - pulverized coal ~ lule 20 (APCM). Feeding of air necessary for m~int~ining the combustion in the ETCP
chamber is provided by means of a blowing fan and is controlled by a gate (not shown in the drawing). Power supply to said plasma generators 5 is provided by a DC source from a thyristor - type converter. The main flow of the pulverized coal is t~ngto,nti~lly supplied into the reaction chamber 1 by means of two pulverized coal feeders of the 25 star - shape type; steam - jet ejectors for supplying superheated steam being built - in at the points of said pulverized coal feeding arranged diametrically opposite each other.
The gas formed in the process of gasification is removed from the top of the reaction chamber 1 and is supplied into cyclone 7 while the liquid slag is directed to slag collector 8 located at the bottom of the reaction chamber 1.
Depending on power and dimensions, the proposed apparatus for coal gasification may have more plepalalion chambers than mentioned in the above, forexample, it may contain four or six preparation chambers, said chambers may be staggered in tiers along the height of the reaction chamber.
The proposed method of coals gasification is carried out as follows.
CA 0224198~ 1998-06-30 A portion of the pulverized fuel with an oxidizer, which may comprise oxygen or air, is fed into the preparation chambers for said electrothermochemical preparation of the fuel; a low - temperature plasma stream is pre - generated. The air - pulverized coal mixture, after passing through the low - temperature plasma stream and the muffles preheated by the plasma generators, is t~ngenh~lly supplied, in the form of two flares into the space of the reaction chamber. When a temperature sufficient for coal gasification is reached, the main flow of the pulverized coal and the gasifying agent 10 comprising the superheated steam are t~ngenh~lly supplied into the reaction chamber.
The products of combustion having a high temperature (1300 degrees K), which aresupplied from the preparation chambers into the reaction chamber, react with coal carbon and, according to the Boudoir reaction, are reduced to CO, thus, increasing caloricity of the fuel gas. Said tangential feeding of the products of combustion from 15 the plepalalion chambers, the pulverized coal and the ejected superheated steam into the reaction chamber allows to m~int~in the reagents in the reaction zone for a time sufficient for performing the complete gasification.
The gas formed in the process of gasification is supplied into cyclone where said gas is purified from dust, and after that it may be burnt in a furnace (in a fire box) or 20 may be cooled for heating and steam formation or may be compressed and supplied to customers through pipe lines. The liquid slag is directed to slag collector located under the reaction chamber.
The proposed method of coals gasification is illustrated by the following example of the actual embodiment of the invention.
The appal~lus for coals gasification comprising two chambers for the ETCP with built - in plasma generators of 66 kW power has been used to realize said method.
Compressed air and cooling water are supplied to plasma generators 5 and the plasma generators are started. When the preparation chambers 2 and 3 are warmed up, the air - pulverized coal mixture is fed therein at a rate being adjusted at 130 kg of coal 30 and 400 cubic meters of air per hour. The air - pulverized coal lllixlule, after passing through the plasma stream and the muffles 4 preheated by the plasma generators, is tangentially supplied, in the form of two flares, into the space of the reactionchamber 1 in which the main flow of the pulverized coal at a rate of 200 kg per hour and the superheated steam at a rate of 300 kg per hour and at the temperature of 380 35 degrees C are t~ngent~ y supplied.
CA 0224198~ 1998-06-30 The products of combustion supplied from the preparation chambers 2 and 3 into the reaction chamber 1 provide drastic acceleration of the chemical reactions progress, 5 thus, increasing caloricity of the fuel. The tangential feeding of the re~gent~ allows to prolong the time of staying thereof in the reaction zone. The average mass temperature of the process is 1300 degrees K. The gas formed as the result of gasification is supplied into cyclone 7 while the liquid slag is directed to slag collector 8. The composition of the produced synthesis gas (according to the results of the analysis 10 obtained using Chromatograph "AXl- 002 - l"/"AHG 002 - 1") is as follows: oxygen content - 0 % by volume; carbon dioxide content (CO2) - 4.8 % by volume;
hydrogen content (H2) - 18.2 % by volume; carbon oxide content (CO) - 19.1 % by volume; methane content (CH4) - 2.1 % by volume.
The use of the proposed method of coals gasification and the appa-~us for 15 carrying out the same permits to decrease considerably energy costs due to the combustion of a portion of coal in plasma. The electrothermochemical prepalalion(ETCP) of ~e fuel improves reacting capability of the fuel and allows to carry out the controlled combustion process. High concentration of energy in the reaction chamber due to the electrothermochemical preparation (ETCP) allows to reduce ~limen~ions of 20 the main equipment. Besides that, the quality and the output of the produced synthesis gas are increased.
Claims (4)
1. A method of coals gasification comprising feeding of a pulverized fuel with agasifying agent in a reaction chamber by means of blowing, characterized in that, prior to feeding the fuel into said reaction chamber, a portion of fuel with an oxidizer is fed to preparation chambers where a low - temperature plasma stream is generated, said low - temperature plasma stream is admixed with the pulverized fuel and the latter is heated and ignited; then the process of burning is maintained in a preheated muffle and after that the products of combustion are directed to the reaction chamber to which chamber a main flow of the pulverized fuel and the gasifying agent are tangentially introduced, and complete fuel gasification is thus performed.
2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that as the oxidizer used is air.
3. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that as the gasifying agent used is superheated steam.
4. An apparatus for the coals gasification comprising a cylindrical reaction chamber, means for feeding reagents and discharging reaction products, characterized in that it is provided with at least two preparation chambers arranged diametrically opposite each other and connected to the lower portion of the reaction chamber located vertically; each of said preparation chambers being made in the form of a muffleprovided with a built - in plasma generator; said muffles being tangentially connected to the reaction chamber and directed towards each other; and said means for feeding the reagents being installed diametrically opposite each other between said preparation chambers and tangentially connected to the reaction chamber.
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19681724T DE19681724T1 (en) | 1996-01-03 | 1996-01-03 | Coal gasification process and plant for carrying out the process |
| CA002241985A CA2241985A1 (en) | 1996-01-03 | 1996-01-03 | Method of gasifying coal and related installation |
| PCT/RU1996/000002 WO1997025391A1 (en) | 1996-01-03 | 1996-01-03 | Method of gasifying coal and related installation |
| CN96199884A CN1078907C (en) | 1996-01-03 | 1996-01-03 | Method of gasifying coal and related installation |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002241985A CA2241985A1 (en) | 1996-01-03 | 1996-01-03 | Method of gasifying coal and related installation |
| PCT/RU1996/000002 WO1997025391A1 (en) | 1996-01-03 | 1996-01-03 | Method of gasifying coal and related installation |
| CN96199884A CN1078907C (en) | 1996-01-03 | 1996-01-03 | Method of gasifying coal and related installation |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2241985A1 true CA2241985A1 (en) | 1997-07-17 |
Family
ID=27170749
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002241985A Abandoned CA2241985A1 (en) | 1996-01-03 | 1996-01-03 | Method of gasifying coal and related installation |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1078907C (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2241985A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE19681724T1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1997025391A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7947230B2 (en) | 2008-12-16 | 2011-05-24 | Uop Llc | Apparatus for regenerating catalyst |
| US8173567B2 (en) | 2008-12-16 | 2012-05-08 | Uop Llc | Process for regenerating catalyst |
| US8349046B2 (en) * | 2009-04-30 | 2013-01-08 | Enerjetik Llc | Method of making syngas and apparatus therefor |
| CN102260537B (en) * | 2011-06-10 | 2014-01-22 | 阳光凯迪新能源集团有限公司 | Device for preparing combustible gas by virtue of plasma pyrolysis and oxygen-enriched combustion-supporting material |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU878774A1 (en) * | 1979-04-10 | 1981-11-07 | Государственный Научно-Исследовательский Энергетический Институт Им.Г.М.Кржижановского | Method of gasifisation of solid carbon-containing fueld |
| SU878775A1 (en) * | 1980-01-22 | 1981-11-07 | Государственный Научно-Исследовательский Энергетический Институт Им.Г.М.Кржижановского | Method of thermal processing of solid fuel |
| SE434163B (en) * | 1981-03-10 | 1984-07-09 | Skf Steel Eng Ab | SET AND DEVICE FOR PREPARING A MAIN COOLOXIDE AND VETGAN CONTAINING GAS FROM COAL AND / OR CARBON-CONTAINING INGREDIENTS |
| IN167224B (en) * | 1988-05-25 | 1990-09-22 | Arlin Carvel Lewis |
-
1996
- 1996-01-03 CN CN96199884A patent/CN1078907C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-01-03 WO PCT/RU1996/000002 patent/WO1997025391A1/en active Application Filing
- 1996-01-03 DE DE19681724T patent/DE19681724T1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-01-03 CA CA002241985A patent/CA2241985A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE19681724T1 (en) | 1998-11-26 |
| CN1078907C (en) | 2002-02-06 |
| WO1997025391A1 (en) | 1997-07-17 |
| CN1208433A (en) | 1999-02-17 |
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| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Dead |