CA2241944A1 - Heating apparatus and method for operation thereof - Google Patents
Heating apparatus and method for operation thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2241944A1 CA2241944A1 CA002241944A CA2241944A CA2241944A1 CA 2241944 A1 CA2241944 A1 CA 2241944A1 CA 002241944 A CA002241944 A CA 002241944A CA 2241944 A CA2241944 A CA 2241944A CA 2241944 A1 CA2241944 A1 CA 2241944A1
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- Prior art keywords
- heat exchanger
- reservoir
- foregoing
- heated
- heating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
- F24H1/48—Water heaters for central heating incorporating heaters for domestic water
- F24H1/52—Water heaters for central heating incorporating heaters for domestic water incorporating heat exchangers for domestic water
- F24H1/526—Pipes in pipe heat exchangers for sanitary water
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
- F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
- F24H1/40—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water tube or tubes
- F24H1/43—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water tube or tubes helically or spirally coiled
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
- F24H1/48—Water heaters for central heating incorporating heaters for domestic water
- F24H1/52—Water heaters for central heating incorporating heaters for domestic water incorporating heat exchangers for domestic water
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H6/00—Combined water and air heaters
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Details Of Fluid Heaters (AREA)
- Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Control And Other Processes For Unpacking Of Materials (AREA)
- Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)
- General Preparation And Processing Of Foods (AREA)
- Vending Machines For Individual Products (AREA)
- Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
- Percussion Or Vibration Massage (AREA)
- Air Supply (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an apparatus for heating fluid, comprising: first supply means (2) for supplying fuel; second supply means (4) for supplying oxidizing agent; burner means (5) for combusting fuel and oxidizing agents after mixing thereof; and a first heat exchanger (8) to be heated by flue gases of the burner means (5) and arranged helically round the burner means (5).
Description
W O 98/20287 PCT~EP97/06179_ .
HEATING APPAI~a~U~ ~iND METHOD
FOR OPE~A~ION T~R~OF
s Heating appliances with an improved ef~iciency (IE) and high efficiency (HE) are in large scale use in the Netherlands and elsewhere for heating dwellings and other accommodation areas. For many dwellings it is important that such heating appliances take the most compact possible form, while it must be avoided that the appliances are so complicated that regular, costly servicing and maintenance has to take place.
These known heating appliances have a number o~
drawbac~s, a number of significant ones being: the size of the appliances, whereby they are difficult to build into a cupboard or the li~e; the emission of CO and NOX as well as the associated efficiency ].0s5, for instance because considerable temperature differences are present inside the apparatus.
The present invent-ion provides an apparatus for heating fluid, comprising:
- first supply means for supplying fuel;
- second supply means for supplying oxidizing agent;
- burner means for combusting fuel and oxidizing agents after mixing thereof; and - a first heat exchanger to be heated by flue gases of the burner means and arranged helically round the burner means.
A heating appliance is obtained with the present invention which can be embodied compactly and wherein emissions and efficiency loss are limited.
Preferred embodiments of the apparatus relate to further improvements in efficiency and reduction in emission of undesired combustion products by precise guiding of the combustion products along the heat exchanger.
W O 98/20287 PCT~EP97/06179 _ - A jacket provided with openings i5 preferably arranged round the helical heat exchanger in order to enable a good heat exchange between the combustion gases and the pipes of the heat exchanger. These openings can be round or ~lot-shaped and are preferably arranged behind the helically running pipe of the heat exchanger.
The jacket may also be formed from wound strips or band of metal between which openings are left clear.
In a so-called combi-appliance is included an insulated tank or reservoir of relatively small dimensions from which hot tap water i5 immediately available. A compact combi-appliance with a power of for instance 22-24 kW has to be capable of providing 6 litres of water per minute at 60~C from this insulated storage tank. In the known combi-appliances however, it is found in practice that, while water at 60~C is supplied for a short time, the temperature of the tap water thereafter decreases and a constant value above 60~C is reached only after for instance one minute. This is particularly the case if the heating appliance is not used or is used to a lesser extent (as according to so-called modulating operation) to heat fluid in pipes and radiators of the heating system in the dwelling. Although a pre~erred embodiment of the present invention is provided with such a reservoir, another preferred embodiment is provided with a heat exchanger which takes up little space.
The present invention further provides an apparatus which is provided with a reservoir for temporarily storing heated water, wherein the reservoir comprises a second heat exchanger which is operationally coupled to the first heat exchanger.
The first heat exchanger will preferably be provided in the future with an inner pipe and an outer pipe, whereby the tap water is further heated in the inner pipe.
The apparatus according to the present invention is preferably provided with a third heat exchanger which is W O 98/20287 PCT~EP97/06179_ 3 ~ _ arranged in the discharge duct for the heated flue gases and which serves to preheat the tap water.
The preferred embodiment with a reservoir is preferably provided with pump means for pumping medium round in the heating circuit provided with a rotation speed regulation, or at least an ON/OFF control, wherein the pump action is reduced or interrupted at the moment wherein hot water is demanded from the hot water reservoir by the user, or immediately thereafter, whereby, in the case the apparatus is not used for heating purposes, the relatively cold water from the first heat exchanger is prevented from entering the reservoir. If necessary, the burner is started and the first heat exchanger heated, whereafter the pumping action of the pump means is increased.
The flue gases are preferably urged closely along the first heat exchanger for exchange of heat between the flue gases and the heat exchanger with the greatest possible efficiency, wherein for this purpose the side walls of the annular space preferably have a contour at least partially adapted to the outer contour of the heat exchanger in order to further increase a laminated gas ~low along the heat exchanger.
As well as for room heating, thermal energy is also required in a dwelling for a number of other purposes, for instance for cleaning, such as hot air for a tumble dryer or dish washer and the like, and also for cooking and the heating of ventilation air for circulation in a dwelling. This thermal energy is generated in most dwellings using electricity, which is disadvantageous from an energy efficiency viewpoint.
The present invention therefore further proposes to provide the above stated apparatus with a heat exchanging unit which is arranged in heat-conducting contact with the top part of the apparatus and which is provided with an inlet for infeed of medium for heating and an outlet for heated medium.
~ =
CA 02241944 l99X-06-29 W 098/202X7 PCT~EP97/06179 _ - Further advantages, features and details of the present invention will be elucidated on the basis of the following preferred embodiments thereof with reference to the annexed drawings, in which:
figure 1 shows a partly cut-away view in perspective of a preferred embodiment of an apparatus according to the present invention;
figure 2 shows a graph illustrating the operation of the preferred embodiment of figure 1;
figure 3 shows a partly broken-away view in perspective of an alternative embodiment of the reservoir shown in figure 1;
figure 4 is a partly sectional and partly broken-away view in perspective of an alternative embodiment of the burner and primary heat exchanger of figure 1;
figure 5 is a partly broken-away side view of an alternative embodiment of the primary heat exchanger of figures 1 and 4;
figure 6 is a partly broken-away view in perspective of the fixing to a wall of a preferred embodiment of the apparatus according to the present invention;
figure 7 shows a diagram of a further preferred embodiment for use of the apparatus according to the present invention;
figure 8 shows a front view of a further preferred embodiment of the present invention; and figure 9 shows a view in perspective of a further preferred embodiment of a reservoir for hot water for use in an apparatus according to the present invention.
A heating apparatus 1 (figure 1) comprises a feed line 2 for gas with a schematically designated gas regulation 3 in addition to a schematically designated fan 4 for feed of air to a burner 5 where the gas is mixed with the air and combusted. The gas and the air are mixed in a substantially hollow cylindrical inner sleeve 6 which may be provided with m; ~i ng means (not shown,~ and which is provided with openings which debouch in a W O 98/20287 PCT~EP97/06179 - combustion space around which a heat exchanger 8 is disposed, which space is enclosed by a substantially cylindrical outer sleeve 9 closed at the top. The gases are deflected in downward direction and guided along heat exchanger 8 between the outer wall of inner sleeve 6 and the inner wall o~ outer sleeve 9. ~oth the inner wall of outer sleeve g and the outer wall of inner sleeve 6 are preferably adapted slightly in shape to the annular pipes of heat exchanger 8 so that a good heat exchange takes place between the hot gases and the content of the heat exchanger.
The helical heat exchanger 8 preferably comprises an inner pipe 10 and an outer pipe 11. Arranged on the inner pipe for good heat transfer are star-shaped fin parts 12 which ma~e heat-conducting contact with outer pipe 11.
Flowing through inner pipe 10 is so-called tap water which can be drawn off as hot water in a household using a tap and which is supplied via a pipe 12. Tap water pipe 12 ends at connecting piece 13 onto which also connects a supply line 14 which, via a three-way valve 16 and a pump 15, connects onto the circuit of a central heating system via a feed line 17 and a discharge line 28.
In the present embodiment the tap water is further supplied via a line 18 which, for preheating of the tap water which has for instance a temperature of 5-15~C, is arranged via a folded heat exchanger 19 in a discharge part 20 for the flue gases. After flowing through the inner pipe 10 of heat exchanger 8 the tap water is guided via coupling piece 21 and line 22 to reservoir 23 for - 30 temporary storage thereof, so that hot water is immediately available to the user when a tap is opened.
Reservoir 23, which is well insulated in a manner not shown, is provided with an inner sleeve 24 so that incoming tap water is first of all driven in upward direction as according to arrows C and subsequently ~lows between outer wall 25 of the reservoir and inner sleeve 24 to drain stub 26 for drawing off the tap water (arrow D).
W O 98/20287 PCTAEPg7/06179 _ Arranged in the annular interspace of reservoir 23 is a second heat exchanger 27 through which flows the fluid of the central heating installation supplied via lines ~8, three-way valve 16 and line 29.
The apparatus according to the present invention is pre~erably provided in a manner not shown with a control unit which controls three-way valve 16, pump 15 and gas regulation 3. Three-way valve 16 is controlled either to heat the medium in an internal circuit or ~or use wherein lQ heat must be supplied continuously to the central heating circuit and the feed and discharge line of this central heating circuit are in continuous connection thereto.
The curve in the graph of figure 2 shows tha~ when tap water is drawn o~f in a dwelling with a pipe of determined length between draw-off point and apparatus according to the present invention, the temperature is at a level of 60~C within + 15 seconds and also no longer fa~ls below this level. During this measurement it has been found that it is advantageous to slightly delay starting of the pump for the primary heating fluid, for instance for a duration of 5-15 seconds, or to set it at a lower pumping level when the burner has to be set into operation to supply the demanded amount of heat. Cold water still present in the heat exchanger is thus prevented from entering the reservoir before being heated.
In a further preferred embodiment the apparatus according to the present invention is provided with a reservoir 50 (figure 3) for tap water which can be manufactured more simply and at lower cost than the reservoir 23 of figure 1. The tap water for heating is guided via a ~eed line 51 on the underside of reservoir 50 into a groove between two successive windings 52 and 53 of a helical plate 55 arranged on an outer jacket 54, so that the supplied tap water is preheated before entering the interior of a heat exchanger 56 via an inlet opening 57. An outlet line 58 on the underside of heat -W O 98/20287 PCTAEP97/06179 _ exchanger 56 is connected onto the interior thereof for draining of the heated tap water.
In an alternative embodiment (not shown} the helical plate 55 can be replaced by a plurality of concentric discs arranged one above another and having openings for passage of water.
Heat exchanger 56 comprises a large number of substantially upright pipes which are connected via a distributor (not shown) to a feed line 59 for hot central heating water. At the top the upright pipes debouch into a central return pipe 60 onto which connects a discharge line 61 for the central heating water.
In an alternative embodiment of an apparatus according to the present invention (figure 4) a helical heat exchanger 68 is arranged in a space defined by an outer sleeve 65, a cover 66 and an inner sleeve 67, which heat exchanger comprises an outer pipe 69 and an inner pipe 7~. In order to increase the combustion efficiency the air supplied via a fan 71 is mixed with gas supplied via a feed connection 72 by means of a plurality of horizontally disposed plates 73, 74, 75, 76 respectively which are provided in each case with passage openings which are in shifted arrangement in successive plates in order to obtain a well mixed, turbulent flow of the mixture combusted in a burner 77. The gases leaving burner 77 are guided along the pipes of heat exchanger 68 and discharged on the underside via an outlet 78 for the flue gases. Due to the good mixing of air and gas a complete combustion of the mixture is achieved whereby the emission of C0 and NOX is avoided as far as possible.
In order to prevent excessive heating of the inner pipe a closed baffle plate 80 is preferably arranged above the plates 73-76 provided with openings.
Arranged in a further preferred embodiment between an outer jacket 8~ (figure 5) and a helical pipe 88 is an intermediate jacket 89 of substantially cylindrical form in which openings 87 are arranged in accordance with the pitch of the helical pipe of heat exchanger 88. In a W O 98120287 PCTAEP97/06179_ manner not shown the pipe 88 can be provided with fins or plate-like protrusions in order to increase heat transfer. Due to the location o~ the openings 87 at the position o~ the centre line of the helical pipe, the ~lue gases are urged to flow as closely as possible along the periphery o~ the helical pipe of the heat exchanger be~ore arriving in an interspace 90, along which the flue gases are discharged downward. In order to further increase ef~iciency, partitions 91, 92 provided with openings are further arranged along the lower helical windings of heat exchanger 88, whereby the flue gases flow further along the heat exchanger.
For installation and servicing operations it is important that the apparatus according to the present invention, which can be embodied very compactly, can be mounted in simple manner on a wall, for instance in a cupboard, while the accessibility to the interior of the cupboard must be ensured. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention a cupboard 93 (figure 6), preferably consisting of a front part 94 which is removable and a rear part 95, is fixed via this rear part to a strip-like plate 96 which is mounted on a wall W
using screw bolts such as 97 and suspended therefrom. For this purpose a plate 98 is fixed, preferably welded, to the rear part 95, which plate engages behind a hooked end 99 in strip-like plate 96 and is hung thereon. In addition, the underside of the rear part 95 is supported on a profile 100 of substantially U-shaped cross-section to which the feed and discharge lines for central heating water and tap water can be fixed using clamping brackets 101, 102 etc. The diverse components, such as control electronics 103 and other components (not shown) such as the heat exchangers and the reservoir for the tap water, are preferably arranged on the rear part 95 of cupboard 93 fixed firmly to wall W, for instance by means of ~rackets 104 placed therein. In another preferred embodiment (not shown) the rear part 95 of the cupboard can ~e provided on the underside with pins which engage W O 98/20287 PCTAEP97/06179_ - in recesses in bracket 100 whereby cup~oard 93 is also prevented from being able to tilt forward because of its weight.
In the embodiment of the present invention of figure 7, a further heat exchanger is arranged at the top of the apparatus l according to the present invention, which heat exchanger is placed in conducting contact with for instance the discharge part 20 for the flue gases. At the entrance to this further heat exchanger 40 relatively cool air L is introduced, wherein the heated air is carried via arrows M and N respectively into a dryer 41 for drying laundry in energetically responsible manner.
In the embodiment according to figure 8, in addition to the burner construction 120 (such as that in figure 5) with schematically designated mixing means 121, a heat exchanger 122 is arranged instead of a reservoir for tap water, whereby the invention can be embodied in even more compact manner. At the top the apparatus 125 is provided with preferably slidable connecting pieces 126 and 127 for easy connection of the air feed and the discharge of the combustion gases. The diverse connections for central heating water, gas and mains water are arranged at the bottom. These connections are preferably clamped between a formed piece on the cupboard and a counter-piece fixedly screwable thereon so that the diverse components can be assembled in a cupboard in lyin~ position, whereafter the counter-piece is screwed fittingly into place over the connections. This facilitates assembly and installation operations.
Most probably because of the good thermal balance, whereby large thermal differences do not occur in the compact design of the apparatus according to the present invention, it has been found that the emission of N0x and CO in this appliance according to the present invention have extremely low values. Measurements have shown that the efficiency of the apparatus according to the present invention amounts to theoretically 100~, in any case W O 98/20287 PCTAEP97/06179_ - considerably more than 95%, while the emission o~ Co and NOX is very low (maximum ca. 9S ppm (at 32 kW) respectively ca. 13 ppm (at 32 kW)~.
A further preferred embodiment for a so-called draw-off pot for hot water (figure 9) is constructed from a substantially cylindrical vessel 130 which can be of metal but which is preferably assembled from two plastic shells respectively 131, 132 which can be fixed releasably to each other with connecting means ~not shown) such as bands or screw bolts in order to open and clean the reservoir in the case of lime scale. Arranged in vessel 130 is a helical metal tube 133, preferab~y of metal, around which is arranged a pipe or hose 134 of for instance thin plastic (wall thic~ness of for instance less than 1 mm~. Via connecting stub 135 hot water is carried out of the heating system into the helical inner pipe 13-3, while the water is returned to this system at the top via connecting stub 136. The tap water for heating is carried via connecting stub 137 into vessel 130, while that water in the interspace between the plastic hose 134 and the helical inner pipe 133 is guided downward via the top part into connecting stub 138 to which a hot water line is connected. Spacers are arranged in a manner not shown at determined locations between inner pipe 133 and plastic hose 134 in order to prevent the passage for the water to be heated from being ~locked. A temperature sensor is likewise arranged in the vessel in a manner not shown close to connecting stub 137, which sensor senses whether the temperature of the water in the vessel falls below for instance ~0~C, wherea~ter hot central heating water must be supplied.
The water for heating is first preheated during the upward movement thereof, while it is heated very strongly dur~ng the downward movement between helical pipe 133 and plastic hose 134. Because use is made of a plastic hose arranged round the helical inner pipe 133, a heat exchanger is obtained which is extremely favourable in terms of cost, while for the inner pipe use can be made CA 0224l944 l998-06-29 W O 98/20287 PCT~EP97/06179 _ 11 ' -of standard, commercially available elements. The structure is so compact that it can be incorporated in the compact heating appliances described in the foregoing.
The present invention is not limited to the above described preferred embodiments thereof. Many modifications can be envisaged within the scope of the present invention, which is defined by the following claims. An example of such a non-limiting modification is the placing of a second tap water reservoir in the appliance according to the present invention, since space is still available in the inner space thereof and the stable high temperature of the tap water can thereby be ensured even more precisely.
HEATING APPAI~a~U~ ~iND METHOD
FOR OPE~A~ION T~R~OF
s Heating appliances with an improved ef~iciency (IE) and high efficiency (HE) are in large scale use in the Netherlands and elsewhere for heating dwellings and other accommodation areas. For many dwellings it is important that such heating appliances take the most compact possible form, while it must be avoided that the appliances are so complicated that regular, costly servicing and maintenance has to take place.
These known heating appliances have a number o~
drawbac~s, a number of significant ones being: the size of the appliances, whereby they are difficult to build into a cupboard or the li~e; the emission of CO and NOX as well as the associated efficiency ].0s5, for instance because considerable temperature differences are present inside the apparatus.
The present invent-ion provides an apparatus for heating fluid, comprising:
- first supply means for supplying fuel;
- second supply means for supplying oxidizing agent;
- burner means for combusting fuel and oxidizing agents after mixing thereof; and - a first heat exchanger to be heated by flue gases of the burner means and arranged helically round the burner means.
A heating appliance is obtained with the present invention which can be embodied compactly and wherein emissions and efficiency loss are limited.
Preferred embodiments of the apparatus relate to further improvements in efficiency and reduction in emission of undesired combustion products by precise guiding of the combustion products along the heat exchanger.
W O 98/20287 PCT~EP97/06179 _ - A jacket provided with openings i5 preferably arranged round the helical heat exchanger in order to enable a good heat exchange between the combustion gases and the pipes of the heat exchanger. These openings can be round or ~lot-shaped and are preferably arranged behind the helically running pipe of the heat exchanger.
The jacket may also be formed from wound strips or band of metal between which openings are left clear.
In a so-called combi-appliance is included an insulated tank or reservoir of relatively small dimensions from which hot tap water i5 immediately available. A compact combi-appliance with a power of for instance 22-24 kW has to be capable of providing 6 litres of water per minute at 60~C from this insulated storage tank. In the known combi-appliances however, it is found in practice that, while water at 60~C is supplied for a short time, the temperature of the tap water thereafter decreases and a constant value above 60~C is reached only after for instance one minute. This is particularly the case if the heating appliance is not used or is used to a lesser extent (as according to so-called modulating operation) to heat fluid in pipes and radiators of the heating system in the dwelling. Although a pre~erred embodiment of the present invention is provided with such a reservoir, another preferred embodiment is provided with a heat exchanger which takes up little space.
The present invention further provides an apparatus which is provided with a reservoir for temporarily storing heated water, wherein the reservoir comprises a second heat exchanger which is operationally coupled to the first heat exchanger.
The first heat exchanger will preferably be provided in the future with an inner pipe and an outer pipe, whereby the tap water is further heated in the inner pipe.
The apparatus according to the present invention is preferably provided with a third heat exchanger which is W O 98/20287 PCT~EP97/06179_ 3 ~ _ arranged in the discharge duct for the heated flue gases and which serves to preheat the tap water.
The preferred embodiment with a reservoir is preferably provided with pump means for pumping medium round in the heating circuit provided with a rotation speed regulation, or at least an ON/OFF control, wherein the pump action is reduced or interrupted at the moment wherein hot water is demanded from the hot water reservoir by the user, or immediately thereafter, whereby, in the case the apparatus is not used for heating purposes, the relatively cold water from the first heat exchanger is prevented from entering the reservoir. If necessary, the burner is started and the first heat exchanger heated, whereafter the pumping action of the pump means is increased.
The flue gases are preferably urged closely along the first heat exchanger for exchange of heat between the flue gases and the heat exchanger with the greatest possible efficiency, wherein for this purpose the side walls of the annular space preferably have a contour at least partially adapted to the outer contour of the heat exchanger in order to further increase a laminated gas ~low along the heat exchanger.
As well as for room heating, thermal energy is also required in a dwelling for a number of other purposes, for instance for cleaning, such as hot air for a tumble dryer or dish washer and the like, and also for cooking and the heating of ventilation air for circulation in a dwelling. This thermal energy is generated in most dwellings using electricity, which is disadvantageous from an energy efficiency viewpoint.
The present invention therefore further proposes to provide the above stated apparatus with a heat exchanging unit which is arranged in heat-conducting contact with the top part of the apparatus and which is provided with an inlet for infeed of medium for heating and an outlet for heated medium.
~ =
CA 02241944 l99X-06-29 W 098/202X7 PCT~EP97/06179 _ - Further advantages, features and details of the present invention will be elucidated on the basis of the following preferred embodiments thereof with reference to the annexed drawings, in which:
figure 1 shows a partly cut-away view in perspective of a preferred embodiment of an apparatus according to the present invention;
figure 2 shows a graph illustrating the operation of the preferred embodiment of figure 1;
figure 3 shows a partly broken-away view in perspective of an alternative embodiment of the reservoir shown in figure 1;
figure 4 is a partly sectional and partly broken-away view in perspective of an alternative embodiment of the burner and primary heat exchanger of figure 1;
figure 5 is a partly broken-away side view of an alternative embodiment of the primary heat exchanger of figures 1 and 4;
figure 6 is a partly broken-away view in perspective of the fixing to a wall of a preferred embodiment of the apparatus according to the present invention;
figure 7 shows a diagram of a further preferred embodiment for use of the apparatus according to the present invention;
figure 8 shows a front view of a further preferred embodiment of the present invention; and figure 9 shows a view in perspective of a further preferred embodiment of a reservoir for hot water for use in an apparatus according to the present invention.
A heating apparatus 1 (figure 1) comprises a feed line 2 for gas with a schematically designated gas regulation 3 in addition to a schematically designated fan 4 for feed of air to a burner 5 where the gas is mixed with the air and combusted. The gas and the air are mixed in a substantially hollow cylindrical inner sleeve 6 which may be provided with m; ~i ng means (not shown,~ and which is provided with openings which debouch in a W O 98/20287 PCT~EP97/06179 - combustion space around which a heat exchanger 8 is disposed, which space is enclosed by a substantially cylindrical outer sleeve 9 closed at the top. The gases are deflected in downward direction and guided along heat exchanger 8 between the outer wall of inner sleeve 6 and the inner wall o~ outer sleeve 9. ~oth the inner wall of outer sleeve g and the outer wall of inner sleeve 6 are preferably adapted slightly in shape to the annular pipes of heat exchanger 8 so that a good heat exchange takes place between the hot gases and the content of the heat exchanger.
The helical heat exchanger 8 preferably comprises an inner pipe 10 and an outer pipe 11. Arranged on the inner pipe for good heat transfer are star-shaped fin parts 12 which ma~e heat-conducting contact with outer pipe 11.
Flowing through inner pipe 10 is so-called tap water which can be drawn off as hot water in a household using a tap and which is supplied via a pipe 12. Tap water pipe 12 ends at connecting piece 13 onto which also connects a supply line 14 which, via a three-way valve 16 and a pump 15, connects onto the circuit of a central heating system via a feed line 17 and a discharge line 28.
In the present embodiment the tap water is further supplied via a line 18 which, for preheating of the tap water which has for instance a temperature of 5-15~C, is arranged via a folded heat exchanger 19 in a discharge part 20 for the flue gases. After flowing through the inner pipe 10 of heat exchanger 8 the tap water is guided via coupling piece 21 and line 22 to reservoir 23 for - 30 temporary storage thereof, so that hot water is immediately available to the user when a tap is opened.
Reservoir 23, which is well insulated in a manner not shown, is provided with an inner sleeve 24 so that incoming tap water is first of all driven in upward direction as according to arrows C and subsequently ~lows between outer wall 25 of the reservoir and inner sleeve 24 to drain stub 26 for drawing off the tap water (arrow D).
W O 98/20287 PCTAEPg7/06179 _ Arranged in the annular interspace of reservoir 23 is a second heat exchanger 27 through which flows the fluid of the central heating installation supplied via lines ~8, three-way valve 16 and line 29.
The apparatus according to the present invention is pre~erably provided in a manner not shown with a control unit which controls three-way valve 16, pump 15 and gas regulation 3. Three-way valve 16 is controlled either to heat the medium in an internal circuit or ~or use wherein lQ heat must be supplied continuously to the central heating circuit and the feed and discharge line of this central heating circuit are in continuous connection thereto.
The curve in the graph of figure 2 shows tha~ when tap water is drawn o~f in a dwelling with a pipe of determined length between draw-off point and apparatus according to the present invention, the temperature is at a level of 60~C within + 15 seconds and also no longer fa~ls below this level. During this measurement it has been found that it is advantageous to slightly delay starting of the pump for the primary heating fluid, for instance for a duration of 5-15 seconds, or to set it at a lower pumping level when the burner has to be set into operation to supply the demanded amount of heat. Cold water still present in the heat exchanger is thus prevented from entering the reservoir before being heated.
In a further preferred embodiment the apparatus according to the present invention is provided with a reservoir 50 (figure 3) for tap water which can be manufactured more simply and at lower cost than the reservoir 23 of figure 1. The tap water for heating is guided via a ~eed line 51 on the underside of reservoir 50 into a groove between two successive windings 52 and 53 of a helical plate 55 arranged on an outer jacket 54, so that the supplied tap water is preheated before entering the interior of a heat exchanger 56 via an inlet opening 57. An outlet line 58 on the underside of heat -W O 98/20287 PCTAEP97/06179 _ exchanger 56 is connected onto the interior thereof for draining of the heated tap water.
In an alternative embodiment (not shown} the helical plate 55 can be replaced by a plurality of concentric discs arranged one above another and having openings for passage of water.
Heat exchanger 56 comprises a large number of substantially upright pipes which are connected via a distributor (not shown) to a feed line 59 for hot central heating water. At the top the upright pipes debouch into a central return pipe 60 onto which connects a discharge line 61 for the central heating water.
In an alternative embodiment of an apparatus according to the present invention (figure 4) a helical heat exchanger 68 is arranged in a space defined by an outer sleeve 65, a cover 66 and an inner sleeve 67, which heat exchanger comprises an outer pipe 69 and an inner pipe 7~. In order to increase the combustion efficiency the air supplied via a fan 71 is mixed with gas supplied via a feed connection 72 by means of a plurality of horizontally disposed plates 73, 74, 75, 76 respectively which are provided in each case with passage openings which are in shifted arrangement in successive plates in order to obtain a well mixed, turbulent flow of the mixture combusted in a burner 77. The gases leaving burner 77 are guided along the pipes of heat exchanger 68 and discharged on the underside via an outlet 78 for the flue gases. Due to the good mixing of air and gas a complete combustion of the mixture is achieved whereby the emission of C0 and NOX is avoided as far as possible.
In order to prevent excessive heating of the inner pipe a closed baffle plate 80 is preferably arranged above the plates 73-76 provided with openings.
Arranged in a further preferred embodiment between an outer jacket 8~ (figure 5) and a helical pipe 88 is an intermediate jacket 89 of substantially cylindrical form in which openings 87 are arranged in accordance with the pitch of the helical pipe of heat exchanger 88. In a W O 98120287 PCTAEP97/06179_ manner not shown the pipe 88 can be provided with fins or plate-like protrusions in order to increase heat transfer. Due to the location o~ the openings 87 at the position o~ the centre line of the helical pipe, the ~lue gases are urged to flow as closely as possible along the periphery o~ the helical pipe of the heat exchanger be~ore arriving in an interspace 90, along which the flue gases are discharged downward. In order to further increase ef~iciency, partitions 91, 92 provided with openings are further arranged along the lower helical windings of heat exchanger 88, whereby the flue gases flow further along the heat exchanger.
For installation and servicing operations it is important that the apparatus according to the present invention, which can be embodied very compactly, can be mounted in simple manner on a wall, for instance in a cupboard, while the accessibility to the interior of the cupboard must be ensured. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention a cupboard 93 (figure 6), preferably consisting of a front part 94 which is removable and a rear part 95, is fixed via this rear part to a strip-like plate 96 which is mounted on a wall W
using screw bolts such as 97 and suspended therefrom. For this purpose a plate 98 is fixed, preferably welded, to the rear part 95, which plate engages behind a hooked end 99 in strip-like plate 96 and is hung thereon. In addition, the underside of the rear part 95 is supported on a profile 100 of substantially U-shaped cross-section to which the feed and discharge lines for central heating water and tap water can be fixed using clamping brackets 101, 102 etc. The diverse components, such as control electronics 103 and other components (not shown) such as the heat exchangers and the reservoir for the tap water, are preferably arranged on the rear part 95 of cupboard 93 fixed firmly to wall W, for instance by means of ~rackets 104 placed therein. In another preferred embodiment (not shown) the rear part 95 of the cupboard can ~e provided on the underside with pins which engage W O 98/20287 PCTAEP97/06179_ - in recesses in bracket 100 whereby cup~oard 93 is also prevented from being able to tilt forward because of its weight.
In the embodiment of the present invention of figure 7, a further heat exchanger is arranged at the top of the apparatus l according to the present invention, which heat exchanger is placed in conducting contact with for instance the discharge part 20 for the flue gases. At the entrance to this further heat exchanger 40 relatively cool air L is introduced, wherein the heated air is carried via arrows M and N respectively into a dryer 41 for drying laundry in energetically responsible manner.
In the embodiment according to figure 8, in addition to the burner construction 120 (such as that in figure 5) with schematically designated mixing means 121, a heat exchanger 122 is arranged instead of a reservoir for tap water, whereby the invention can be embodied in even more compact manner. At the top the apparatus 125 is provided with preferably slidable connecting pieces 126 and 127 for easy connection of the air feed and the discharge of the combustion gases. The diverse connections for central heating water, gas and mains water are arranged at the bottom. These connections are preferably clamped between a formed piece on the cupboard and a counter-piece fixedly screwable thereon so that the diverse components can be assembled in a cupboard in lyin~ position, whereafter the counter-piece is screwed fittingly into place over the connections. This facilitates assembly and installation operations.
Most probably because of the good thermal balance, whereby large thermal differences do not occur in the compact design of the apparatus according to the present invention, it has been found that the emission of N0x and CO in this appliance according to the present invention have extremely low values. Measurements have shown that the efficiency of the apparatus according to the present invention amounts to theoretically 100~, in any case W O 98/20287 PCTAEP97/06179_ - considerably more than 95%, while the emission o~ Co and NOX is very low (maximum ca. 9S ppm (at 32 kW) respectively ca. 13 ppm (at 32 kW)~.
A further preferred embodiment for a so-called draw-off pot for hot water (figure 9) is constructed from a substantially cylindrical vessel 130 which can be of metal but which is preferably assembled from two plastic shells respectively 131, 132 which can be fixed releasably to each other with connecting means ~not shown) such as bands or screw bolts in order to open and clean the reservoir in the case of lime scale. Arranged in vessel 130 is a helical metal tube 133, preferab~y of metal, around which is arranged a pipe or hose 134 of for instance thin plastic (wall thic~ness of for instance less than 1 mm~. Via connecting stub 135 hot water is carried out of the heating system into the helical inner pipe 13-3, while the water is returned to this system at the top via connecting stub 136. The tap water for heating is carried via connecting stub 137 into vessel 130, while that water in the interspace between the plastic hose 134 and the helical inner pipe 133 is guided downward via the top part into connecting stub 138 to which a hot water line is connected. Spacers are arranged in a manner not shown at determined locations between inner pipe 133 and plastic hose 134 in order to prevent the passage for the water to be heated from being ~locked. A temperature sensor is likewise arranged in the vessel in a manner not shown close to connecting stub 137, which sensor senses whether the temperature of the water in the vessel falls below for instance ~0~C, wherea~ter hot central heating water must be supplied.
The water for heating is first preheated during the upward movement thereof, while it is heated very strongly dur~ng the downward movement between helical pipe 133 and plastic hose 134. Because use is made of a plastic hose arranged round the helical inner pipe 133, a heat exchanger is obtained which is extremely favourable in terms of cost, while for the inner pipe use can be made CA 0224l944 l998-06-29 W O 98/20287 PCT~EP97/06179 _ 11 ' -of standard, commercially available elements. The structure is so compact that it can be incorporated in the compact heating appliances described in the foregoing.
The present invention is not limited to the above described preferred embodiments thereof. Many modifications can be envisaged within the scope of the present invention, which is defined by the following claims. An example of such a non-limiting modification is the placing of a second tap water reservoir in the appliance according to the present invention, since space is still available in the inner space thereof and the stable high temperature of the tap water can thereby be ensured even more precisely.
Claims (17)
1. Apparatus for heating fluid, comprising:
- first supply means for supplying fuel;
- second supply means for supplying oxidizing agent;
- burner means for combusting fuel and oxidizing agents after mixing thereof; and - a first heat exchanger to be heated by flue gases of the burner means and arranged helically round the burner means.
- first supply means for supplying fuel;
- second supply means for supplying oxidizing agent;
- burner means for combusting fuel and oxidizing agents after mixing thereof; and - a first heat exchanger to be heated by flue gases of the burner means and arranged helically round the burner means.
2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the burner means comprise mixing means for mixing the fuel and the oxidizing agent.
3. Apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the mixing means comprise a plurality of plate parts provided with passage openings.
4. Apparatus as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, wherein a jacket provided with openings is arranged round the helical heat exchanger.
5. Apparatus as claimed in any of the claims 1-4, wherein the first heat exchanger is provided with an inner pipe and an outer pipe extending therearound, wherein the inner pipe is at least partially heated by primary heated fluid flowing between the inner pipe and the outer pipe.
6. Apparatus as claimed in any of the foregoing claims 1-5, provided with a reservoir for temporarily storing heated water, wherein the reservoir comprises a second heat exchanger which is operationally coupled to the first heat exchanger.
7. Apparatus as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, wherein the heat exchanger in the reservoir is connected to a heating circuit.
8. Apparatus as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, provided with a third heat exchanger for preheating tap water using the flue gases.
9. Apparatus as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, provided with pump means with rotation speed regulation, at least one ON/OFF control, wherein the rotation speed is regulated subject to the moment at which tap water is drawn off.
10. Apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein the annular space has an inner contour at least slightly adapted to the outer contour of the pipes of the heat exchanger.
11. Apparatus as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, provided with a three-way switch for switching the first heat exchanger between a first position in which it is connected to the heating circuit and a second position in which it is connected to the second heat exchanger.
12. Apparatus as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, provided with a control unit for temporarily interrupting or reducing the pumping action of the pump.
13. Apparatus as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, provided with a heat exchanging unit which is arranged in heat-conducting contact with the top part of the apparatus and which is provided with an inlet for infeed of medium for heating and an outlet for heated medium.
14. Method for operating an apparatus as claimed in any of the claims 1-13.
15. Apparatus as claimed in any of the claims 1-13, provided with hanging means for hanging thereof.
16. Apparatus as claimed in any of the claims 1-13, provided with a reservoir for temporarily storing heated water, wherein in the reservoir is arranged a primary helical pipe around which is arranged an outer pipe, preferably of plastic.
17. Apparatus as claimed in claim 16, wherein the reservoir is constructed from two or more releasably connectable shell parts.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8522176A JPH11511644A (en) | 1995-01-17 | 1996-01-17 | Antibodies for controlling cyst nematodes and transgenic plants expressing them |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL1004410 | 1996-11-01 | ||
| NL1004410A NL1004410C2 (en) | 1996-11-01 | 1996-11-01 | Heater and method for operating it. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2241944A1 true CA2241944A1 (en) | 1998-05-14 |
Family
ID=19763781
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002241944A Abandoned CA2241944A1 (en) | 1995-01-17 | 1997-11-03 | Heating apparatus and method for operation thereof |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0880660B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2000505881A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100557803B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1210582A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE278163T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU5479698A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2241944A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69730948T2 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL1004410C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1998020287A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL1009884C2 (en) * | 1998-08-17 | 2000-02-23 | Coopra B V | Combustion device with sealing means. |
| FR2854229A1 (en) * | 2003-04-25 | 2004-10-29 | Realisation Mecaniques Engenee | Heat exchanger for use in gas boiler, has primary and secondary heat exchanger arranged to transverse flow of hot air towards interstice of exchangers, and duct passing another flow of hot air into secondary exchanger |
| ITAN20060076A1 (en) | 2006-12-22 | 2008-06-23 | Merloni Termosaniatri Spa | HEAT EXCHANGER WITH SERPENTINE VARIABLE DIAMETER |
| US8656867B2 (en) | 2009-08-18 | 2014-02-25 | Intellihot Green Technologies, Inc. | Coil tube heat exchanger for a tankless hot water system |
| KR101363545B1 (en) | 2012-07-11 | 2014-02-14 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Heat exchanger |
| KR101384758B1 (en) | 2012-07-11 | 2014-04-14 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Heat exchanger |
| ES2574429T3 (en) | 2013-02-01 | 2016-06-17 | Lg Electronics, Inc. | Air conditioning and heat exchanger for this one |
| GB201610729D0 (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2016-08-03 | Evans Peter And Sallaku Arben | Boiler |
| CN109631322A (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2019-04-16 | 中山市思源电器有限公司 | A kind of gas heater |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL7606031A (en) * | 1975-06-09 | 1976-12-13 | Maurice Vidalenq | GAS HEATING DEVICE. |
| US4222350A (en) * | 1978-06-26 | 1980-09-16 | Boston Gas Products, Inc. | Efficient heating and domestic hot water apparatus |
| DE8530184U1 (en) * | 1985-10-22 | 1986-05-07 | Joh. Vaillant Gmbh U. Co, 5630 Remscheid | Water heater |
| GB2228563A (en) * | 1989-02-28 | 1990-08-29 | Michael John Nunnerley | Heat exchange system |
| KR950002487B1 (en) * | 1992-05-12 | 1995-03-20 | 주식회사금성사 | Heat exchanger for gas boiler |
| DE9213594U1 (en) * | 1992-10-14 | 1993-03-18 | Marek, Rudolf, 2000 Hamburg, De |
-
1996
- 1996-11-01 NL NL1004410A patent/NL1004410C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1997
- 1997-11-03 KR KR1019980705087A patent/KR100557803B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-11-03 JP JP10521069A patent/JP2000505881A/en active Pending
- 1997-11-03 AT AT97951143T patent/ATE278163T1/en active
- 1997-11-03 CA CA002241944A patent/CA2241944A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-11-03 AU AU54796/98A patent/AU5479698A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-11-03 WO PCT/EP1997/006179 patent/WO1998020287A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1997-11-03 CN CN97192002A patent/CN1210582A/en active Pending
- 1997-11-03 EP EP97951143A patent/EP0880660B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-11-03 DE DE69730948T patent/DE69730948T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0880660B1 (en) | 2004-09-29 |
| AU5479698A (en) | 1998-05-29 |
| CN1210582A (en) | 1999-03-10 |
| ATE278163T1 (en) | 2004-10-15 |
| EP0880660A1 (en) | 1998-12-02 |
| DE69730948T2 (en) | 2006-02-23 |
| KR19990076959A (en) | 1999-10-25 |
| WO1998020287A1 (en) | 1998-05-14 |
| NL1004410C2 (en) | 1998-05-14 |
| KR100557803B1 (en) | 2006-08-30 |
| JP2000505881A (en) | 2000-05-16 |
| DE69730948D1 (en) | 2004-11-04 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |