CA2235749A1 - Door - Google Patents
Door Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2235749A1 CA2235749A1 CA 2235749 CA2235749A CA2235749A1 CA 2235749 A1 CA2235749 A1 CA 2235749A1 CA 2235749 CA2235749 CA 2235749 CA 2235749 A CA2235749 A CA 2235749A CA 2235749 A1 CA2235749 A1 CA 2235749A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- door
- hoisting
- counterweight
- pulling
- lateral braces
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Abstract
A door, particularly for industrial use, comprising a door leaf (11) which is suspended at the upper edge of a doorway and which is raised by line hoisting means (19-22) which are connected to a hoisting device (24, 26) powered by a motor (25). The door leaf comprises one or more pieces of a flexible material (17) in one or more layers, which are attached to a plurality of lateral braces (13-16) arranged one above the other. The lateral braces are guided at each of the ends in a vertical guiding profile (12) at each side of the door.
The hoisting means (19-22) are connected to the lateral braces (13-16) by guiding over a number of pulleys (27) arranged on the lateral braces (13), to impose equal distance of movement for the pulling means of the different lateral braces. To increase the raising and lowering velocity, a counterweight (31, 32) is arranged on each side of the door for balancing of a part of the weight of the door leaf, a pulling line (29, 30) for each counterweight is connected to the hoisting device (24, 26) over a pulley (33, 34) at the upper edge of the door, and the pulling lines from the counterweights (31, 32) being connected to the hoisting drum (24) of the hoisting device.
The hoisting means (19-22) are connected to the lateral braces (13-16) by guiding over a number of pulleys (27) arranged on the lateral braces (13), to impose equal distance of movement for the pulling means of the different lateral braces. To increase the raising and lowering velocity, a counterweight (31, 32) is arranged on each side of the door for balancing of a part of the weight of the door leaf, a pulling line (29, 30) for each counterweight is connected to the hoisting device (24, 26) over a pulley (33, 34) at the upper edge of the door, and the pulling lines from the counterweights (31, 32) being connected to the hoisting drum (24) of the hoisting device.
Description
CA 0223~749 1998-04-24 DOOR
The invention relates to a door, particularly for industrial purposes, as stated in the introduction to Claim 1.
5 Background From US-Patent Specification No. 5,301,732 a door of this kind is known. It operates by raising and lowering doors up to a certain velocity and size. The development has however created the need for fast raising and lowering also for large doors, i.e. doors of 5 meters or higher.
Danish Patent Specification No. 127.859 provides a telescopic door of rigid panels with counterweights bal~ncing a part of the door weight. Prior art for a non-powered door uses hoisting drums at the upper edge for raising lines extending down to the various panels. On the shaft of the hoisting drums is also an extra line connected to a counterweight, to provide for raising of the door with the hoisting drums.
15 This separated arr~ng-omt?nt ofthe power input and power output demands relatively large space and a heavy tr~nemieeion axle.
The problem of high speed operation is not only related to raising of the door leaf, but also to its lowering. With door leafs made extremely light for material saving reasons sufficient lowering force in relation to friction and inertia may be difficult to gain for high 20 speed operation.
Objects The main object of the invention is to provide a door based on the technology ofUS-Patent Specification No. 5,301,732 which is lightweight, can stand high wind loads, and 25 which can be raised and lowered faster than doors found in the prior art.
It is desirable to create a door which may be raised m~ml~lly during power failure or other deficiencies in normal raising (emergency opening). Furthermore, a plain fabric door without pleats, is desirable. It is also an object of the invention to provide a door with a powered lowering.
30 More particularly, it is an object of the invention to provide a door with a certain lift on the individual door sections, to reduce the raising force relatively to prior art doQrs.
CA 0223~749 1998-04-24 W O 97/15745 PCTtNO~6tOO~
A particular object is to provide a door according to the introductory part of claim 1, which has a reduced lowering time, to be able to close, i.e. Iower the door, as fast as it can be opened, i.e. raised.
A still further object of the invention is to provide a door which may also be used in S in~.lin.od walls and horizontal c~ilingc The invention The basic features of the invention is described in claim 1, the characterizing clause stating the novel features.
10 Test and experiments have shown that even the largest doors which have been built, can have lowering and raising speeds of 0,6 m/sec. The arrangement ofthe inventio~provides a particularly advantageous power transfer with a simple ~tt~chment to the hoisting equipment.
The balancing of the weights in the components removes the need for complicated and 15 ~,A~en~ e safety equipment. Prior art safety equipment has included centrifugal brakes which engage when excee~in~ a predeterrnined rotational speed at lowering, or spring loaded clamping arrangements which engage the lower beam when a hoist line breaks.
In claims 2-10 further advantageous features are stated. Details of these features and their function will appear from the examples described below.
20 By providing a downward load on closed doors, the fabric will always stay plain, without flapping and making pleats. For safety reasons, industrial doors should have a reversing function, in case an object is introduced to the closing door. The present invention will increase the safety in this function by having the door balanced, which will enable faster reversing than for doors found in the prior art.
Example The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings, wherein Fig. 1 shows a schematical front view of an embodiment of the invention, with two 30 counter weights, Fig. 2 shows a corresponding plan view of the door in Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 shows a side view of the hoist drum.
-CA 0223~749 1998-04-24 W O 97/15745 PCTANO~G~ ? -Figure 1 shows a fabric door with a door leaf 1 1 which may be pl ~pared according to US-Patent Specification No. 5,301,732, eng~5~ing a guide profile 12 on each side ofthe doorway.
The door leaf 11 comprises in this embodiment four horizontal beams or lateral braces 13, 14,15,16, seen from the bottom and upwards. The lateral braces 13-16 are provided with rollers (not illustrated) fitted at each end, that are coupled with equivalent grooves in the guide profile 12. On the external side ofthe lateral braces 13-16 a fabric 17isiqtt~r.hed in an appl Opl iate manner, that can either be one continous sheet or joined pieces for each lateral brace. In an equivalent manner the door leaf 11 is covered on the internal side by a second 10 layer fabric 17, to create a layer of air between the two fabric sheets, which can improve the thermal insulation of the door.
The lateral braces 13-16 can be designed as applop,iate. They can be, but not restricted to, lattice braces, struts or other forms of support, made of light weigth materials, steel or composites.
Separate hoisting lines or hoisting belts 19-22 provided for each lateral brace 13-16 respectively, are used to raise the individual lateral brace 13-16.
Each hoist line 19 for the lowermost lateral brace is guided over a pulley 23 located at the upper edge of the doorway and from there it extends to a line or hoisting drum 24 arranged centrally at the upper edge of the doorway and with power transmission from an electric 20 motor 25 (Fig. 2) over a bevelled gear 26. The hoisting line 20 for the second lowermost lateral brace is guided from a pulley 27 at the second lowest lateral brace 14 and upward to an ~tt~chment point at the next higher lateral brace 15. In this way, a tran~mie~ion which is raising both lateral braces 13 and 14 to the upper edge of the doorway by the hoisting of the hoisting lines 19, 20is achieved. Correspondingly the hoisting lines 21 and 22 ofthe two 25 upper lateral braces 15 and 16 guided over an increasing number pulleys to reduce the raising rli~t~nce.
The hoisting lines or belts can also be ~tt~ched to one another or to a certain number of lateral braces, depending on the height of the door and the total number of sections.
As may be seen from Fig. 2 and 3, the hoisting drum 24is divided into several chambers 30 with interposed flanches 28, but with a common core diameter. Centrally on the hoisting drum 24 space is arranged for hoisting lines or hoisting belts 29,30 from two counterweigths 31 and 32, e.g. of metal, arranged on each side of the door, on the outer side CA 0223~749 1998-04-24 ofthe guide profile 12. The arrangement ofthe door dem~n~s space for accomodating the counterweights 31,32 on the side of the guide profile.
Each hoisting line 29 and 30is guided over a pulley 33 and 34 respectively, at the upper end of each guide profile 12 and into a section 35 of the hoisting drum 24. By placing the S section 35 centrally, the momentum of the two hoisting lines relative to the journalling of the hoisting drum 24is bal~nred From the lowermost side of each counterweight 31,32, a tensioned line 36,37 extends down to pulleys 38,39 and from there on to ~tt~chm~nt points 40,41 at the lower side of the lowermost lateral brace 13. The pulling lines 36,37 are resiliently att~checl at the lower 10 side ofthe counterweights 31,32.
The counterweights may be 50% of the weight of the movable parts of the door, depending on the tr~ncmiccion ratio ofthe hoisting lines 19-22. The door leafwill then be in balance with the counterweight in its central position. This will make a favourable base for increasing the speed of the movement of the door leaf. The invention will allow a raising and 15 lowering velocity of appl o~illlately 0,6 m/sec even for the largest doors now being built.
These b~l~ncin~ characteristic remove the need for complicated and expensive safety equipment for stopping a sudden door drop. On prior art doors this may be centrifugal brakes which engage if the rotational speed eYreedc a predetermined rate at lowering, or a springloaded clamping arrAngement which ~n~geS the lowermost lateral brace at hoisting 20 belt failure.
The speed of the door closing may be restricted if underpressure arises between the fabrics.
The use of downward pull as shown in the example is a favourable further development of the invention. This will allow large reduction in the door's mass, making the movable mass 25 on raising and lowering of the door low and thus makes it a quick operation. Even an extremely light door will still have the neceSc~ry closing force.
The invention provides a substantial improvement the "high speed door" area. It also means that it is now possible to m~mlf~cture large high speed operation doors which will withct~nd substantial wind pressure.
The use ofthe downward pulling arrangement will be particularly advantagous when the door according to the invention is opened or closed under high wind pressure. In such cases the wind pressure may create a braking effect against the guiding profiles 12. Fo~ced opening will then be necçc.c~ry CA 0223~749 1998-04-24 The hoist drum 24 may be arranged in a carrying beam or a motor mounting beam 42which is pre-m~mlf~ctllred with the pulleys and f~ctening elements for the motor 25 and which is adapted to be mounted at the upper end of the guiding profiles 12. The motor mounting beam 42 may be a lattice girder beam. It enables the sllbst~nti~l reduction of the 5 inct~lling time of a door. When the motor mounting beam 42is provided as a part of the building structure, the hoisting equipment and the counterweights can easily be mounted with screw bolts, (not illustrated).
The lines in the above example, e.g. in the form of a steel wire, may be replaced with belts, e.g. of polyester or polyamide.
10 With equal diameter on all parts of the hoist drum 24, the line forces may be balanced with the door leaf in its central position, i.e. with all sections of the winch drum half filled and the equal arm of force. A b~l~nsed door may therefore be opened or closed to central position when it is released from an end position without application of external power. This is a favourable base for applying a motor for forced closing or opening.
15 By providing the hoisting lines 19-23 from the lateral braces, and the pulling lines 29,30 from the counterweights 31,32 with di~ele--L diameters or gauge, it is possible to change the balance point of the door leaf. By providing the hoisting lines or belts 29,30 for the counterweights 31,32 with higher gauge than the belts from the door section, it is possible to have the door to open or to close automatically when the motor brake is released. This 20 may occur at a power supply failure. Corresponding results can be obtained by providing dirrc;. w-l winding diameters for the hoisting lines and counterweight lines respectively in the hoist drum. It may also be provided by increasing the size of the counterweights, to i".,~ ease the impact of the counterweights to substantially more than 50% of the momentum of the door, as stated above.
In an alternative embodiment the hoisting lines 19 are guided over pulleys on the lowermost lateral brace and upward to an ~tt~chm~nt in the second lateral brace,corresponding to the te~hing of US-Patent Specification No. 5,301,732.
The invention relates to a door, particularly for industrial purposes, as stated in the introduction to Claim 1.
5 Background From US-Patent Specification No. 5,301,732 a door of this kind is known. It operates by raising and lowering doors up to a certain velocity and size. The development has however created the need for fast raising and lowering also for large doors, i.e. doors of 5 meters or higher.
Danish Patent Specification No. 127.859 provides a telescopic door of rigid panels with counterweights bal~ncing a part of the door weight. Prior art for a non-powered door uses hoisting drums at the upper edge for raising lines extending down to the various panels. On the shaft of the hoisting drums is also an extra line connected to a counterweight, to provide for raising of the door with the hoisting drums.
15 This separated arr~ng-omt?nt ofthe power input and power output demands relatively large space and a heavy tr~nemieeion axle.
The problem of high speed operation is not only related to raising of the door leaf, but also to its lowering. With door leafs made extremely light for material saving reasons sufficient lowering force in relation to friction and inertia may be difficult to gain for high 20 speed operation.
Objects The main object of the invention is to provide a door based on the technology ofUS-Patent Specification No. 5,301,732 which is lightweight, can stand high wind loads, and 25 which can be raised and lowered faster than doors found in the prior art.
It is desirable to create a door which may be raised m~ml~lly during power failure or other deficiencies in normal raising (emergency opening). Furthermore, a plain fabric door without pleats, is desirable. It is also an object of the invention to provide a door with a powered lowering.
30 More particularly, it is an object of the invention to provide a door with a certain lift on the individual door sections, to reduce the raising force relatively to prior art doQrs.
CA 0223~749 1998-04-24 W O 97/15745 PCTtNO~6tOO~
A particular object is to provide a door according to the introductory part of claim 1, which has a reduced lowering time, to be able to close, i.e. Iower the door, as fast as it can be opened, i.e. raised.
A still further object of the invention is to provide a door which may also be used in S in~.lin.od walls and horizontal c~ilingc The invention The basic features of the invention is described in claim 1, the characterizing clause stating the novel features.
10 Test and experiments have shown that even the largest doors which have been built, can have lowering and raising speeds of 0,6 m/sec. The arrangement ofthe inventio~provides a particularly advantageous power transfer with a simple ~tt~chment to the hoisting equipment.
The balancing of the weights in the components removes the need for complicated and 15 ~,A~en~ e safety equipment. Prior art safety equipment has included centrifugal brakes which engage when excee~in~ a predeterrnined rotational speed at lowering, or spring loaded clamping arrangements which engage the lower beam when a hoist line breaks.
In claims 2-10 further advantageous features are stated. Details of these features and their function will appear from the examples described below.
20 By providing a downward load on closed doors, the fabric will always stay plain, without flapping and making pleats. For safety reasons, industrial doors should have a reversing function, in case an object is introduced to the closing door. The present invention will increase the safety in this function by having the door balanced, which will enable faster reversing than for doors found in the prior art.
Example The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings, wherein Fig. 1 shows a schematical front view of an embodiment of the invention, with two 30 counter weights, Fig. 2 shows a corresponding plan view of the door in Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 shows a side view of the hoist drum.
-CA 0223~749 1998-04-24 W O 97/15745 PCTANO~G~ ? -Figure 1 shows a fabric door with a door leaf 1 1 which may be pl ~pared according to US-Patent Specification No. 5,301,732, eng~5~ing a guide profile 12 on each side ofthe doorway.
The door leaf 11 comprises in this embodiment four horizontal beams or lateral braces 13, 14,15,16, seen from the bottom and upwards. The lateral braces 13-16 are provided with rollers (not illustrated) fitted at each end, that are coupled with equivalent grooves in the guide profile 12. On the external side ofthe lateral braces 13-16 a fabric 17isiqtt~r.hed in an appl Opl iate manner, that can either be one continous sheet or joined pieces for each lateral brace. In an equivalent manner the door leaf 11 is covered on the internal side by a second 10 layer fabric 17, to create a layer of air between the two fabric sheets, which can improve the thermal insulation of the door.
The lateral braces 13-16 can be designed as applop,iate. They can be, but not restricted to, lattice braces, struts or other forms of support, made of light weigth materials, steel or composites.
Separate hoisting lines or hoisting belts 19-22 provided for each lateral brace 13-16 respectively, are used to raise the individual lateral brace 13-16.
Each hoist line 19 for the lowermost lateral brace is guided over a pulley 23 located at the upper edge of the doorway and from there it extends to a line or hoisting drum 24 arranged centrally at the upper edge of the doorway and with power transmission from an electric 20 motor 25 (Fig. 2) over a bevelled gear 26. The hoisting line 20 for the second lowermost lateral brace is guided from a pulley 27 at the second lowest lateral brace 14 and upward to an ~tt~chment point at the next higher lateral brace 15. In this way, a tran~mie~ion which is raising both lateral braces 13 and 14 to the upper edge of the doorway by the hoisting of the hoisting lines 19, 20is achieved. Correspondingly the hoisting lines 21 and 22 ofthe two 25 upper lateral braces 15 and 16 guided over an increasing number pulleys to reduce the raising rli~t~nce.
The hoisting lines or belts can also be ~tt~ched to one another or to a certain number of lateral braces, depending on the height of the door and the total number of sections.
As may be seen from Fig. 2 and 3, the hoisting drum 24is divided into several chambers 30 with interposed flanches 28, but with a common core diameter. Centrally on the hoisting drum 24 space is arranged for hoisting lines or hoisting belts 29,30 from two counterweigths 31 and 32, e.g. of metal, arranged on each side of the door, on the outer side CA 0223~749 1998-04-24 ofthe guide profile 12. The arrangement ofthe door dem~n~s space for accomodating the counterweights 31,32 on the side of the guide profile.
Each hoisting line 29 and 30is guided over a pulley 33 and 34 respectively, at the upper end of each guide profile 12 and into a section 35 of the hoisting drum 24. By placing the S section 35 centrally, the momentum of the two hoisting lines relative to the journalling of the hoisting drum 24is bal~nred From the lowermost side of each counterweight 31,32, a tensioned line 36,37 extends down to pulleys 38,39 and from there on to ~tt~chm~nt points 40,41 at the lower side of the lowermost lateral brace 13. The pulling lines 36,37 are resiliently att~checl at the lower 10 side ofthe counterweights 31,32.
The counterweights may be 50% of the weight of the movable parts of the door, depending on the tr~ncmiccion ratio ofthe hoisting lines 19-22. The door leafwill then be in balance with the counterweight in its central position. This will make a favourable base for increasing the speed of the movement of the door leaf. The invention will allow a raising and 15 lowering velocity of appl o~illlately 0,6 m/sec even for the largest doors now being built.
These b~l~ncin~ characteristic remove the need for complicated and expensive safety equipment for stopping a sudden door drop. On prior art doors this may be centrifugal brakes which engage if the rotational speed eYreedc a predetermined rate at lowering, or a springloaded clamping arrAngement which ~n~geS the lowermost lateral brace at hoisting 20 belt failure.
The speed of the door closing may be restricted if underpressure arises between the fabrics.
The use of downward pull as shown in the example is a favourable further development of the invention. This will allow large reduction in the door's mass, making the movable mass 25 on raising and lowering of the door low and thus makes it a quick operation. Even an extremely light door will still have the neceSc~ry closing force.
The invention provides a substantial improvement the "high speed door" area. It also means that it is now possible to m~mlf~cture large high speed operation doors which will withct~nd substantial wind pressure.
The use ofthe downward pulling arrangement will be particularly advantagous when the door according to the invention is opened or closed under high wind pressure. In such cases the wind pressure may create a braking effect against the guiding profiles 12. Fo~ced opening will then be necçc.c~ry CA 0223~749 1998-04-24 The hoist drum 24 may be arranged in a carrying beam or a motor mounting beam 42which is pre-m~mlf~ctllred with the pulleys and f~ctening elements for the motor 25 and which is adapted to be mounted at the upper end of the guiding profiles 12. The motor mounting beam 42 may be a lattice girder beam. It enables the sllbst~nti~l reduction of the 5 inct~lling time of a door. When the motor mounting beam 42is provided as a part of the building structure, the hoisting equipment and the counterweights can easily be mounted with screw bolts, (not illustrated).
The lines in the above example, e.g. in the form of a steel wire, may be replaced with belts, e.g. of polyester or polyamide.
10 With equal diameter on all parts of the hoist drum 24, the line forces may be balanced with the door leaf in its central position, i.e. with all sections of the winch drum half filled and the equal arm of force. A b~l~nsed door may therefore be opened or closed to central position when it is released from an end position without application of external power. This is a favourable base for applying a motor for forced closing or opening.
15 By providing the hoisting lines 19-23 from the lateral braces, and the pulling lines 29,30 from the counterweights 31,32 with di~ele--L diameters or gauge, it is possible to change the balance point of the door leaf. By providing the hoisting lines or belts 29,30 for the counterweights 31,32 with higher gauge than the belts from the door section, it is possible to have the door to open or to close automatically when the motor brake is released. This 20 may occur at a power supply failure. Corresponding results can be obtained by providing dirrc;. w-l winding diameters for the hoisting lines and counterweight lines respectively in the hoist drum. It may also be provided by increasing the size of the counterweights, to i".,~ ease the impact of the counterweights to substantially more than 50% of the momentum of the door, as stated above.
In an alternative embodiment the hoisting lines 19 are guided over pulleys on the lowermost lateral brace and upward to an ~tt~chm~nt in the second lateral brace,corresponding to the te~hing of US-Patent Specification No. 5,301,732.
Claims (8)
1. Door, particularly for industrial use, comprising (A) a door leaf (11) which is suspended at the upper edge of a doorway and which is raised with line or belt hoisting means (19-22) which are connected to a hoisting device (24-26) with a powered hoist, (B) the door leaf comprises one or more pieces of a flexible material (17) in one or more layers, which are attached to a plurality of lateral braces (13-16) arranged one above the other, and wherein (C) the lateral braces are guided at each of its ends in a vertical guiding profile (12) at each side of the door, and that (D) the hoisting means (19-22) are connected to the lateral braces (13-16) by guiding over a number of pulleys (27) arranged on the lateral braces (13-16), to impose equal distance of movement for the pulling means of the different lateral braces, characterized in that (E) a counterweight (31,32) is arranged on one or each end of the door for balancing of a part of the weight of the door leaf in a manner known per se, (F) that a pulling line or belt (29,30) for the counterweight or for each of thecounterweights is connected to the hoisting device (24,26) over a pulley (33,34) at the upper edge of the door, and (G) that the pulling line or belt from the counterweight or from each of the counterweights (31,32) is connected to the hoisting drum (24) of the hoisting device, the hoisting drum (24) having a centrally arranged section (35) for the pulling line or for each pulling line from the counterweights (31,32).
2. Door according to claim 1, characterized in that the pulling lines (19-22) of the door leaf are distributed on sections of the hoisting drum being symmetrical to the central section (35) of the hoisting drum.
3. Door according to anyone of claims 1-2, characterized in that the total counterweight provides a momentum which corresponds to at least 50% of the momentum created by the door leaf, to enable an emergency manual closing or opening.
4. Door according to claim 3, characteized in that the momentuum of the counterweigths is substantially larger than the momentum of the door leaf to enable self opening of the door at power failure.
5. Door according to anyone of claims 1-4, characterized in that a line (36, 37) is connected to the counterweight or to each of the counterweights (31, 32) or to the hoisting drum and is guided over a pulley (38, 39) arranged at the lower end of the guiding profiles (12), and being resiliently attached under the lowermost lateral brace (13).
6. Door according to claim 5, characterized in that the lines or belts (19, 23) from the lateral braces, and the pulling line or lines (29, 30) from the counterweight or counterweights has/have different gauges, to enable automatic closing or opening in case of an emergency situation like current failure or similar.
7. Door according to anyone of claims 1-6, characterized in that the guiding profiles (12) are extended upward to the upper edge of the doorway, to carry a lattice girder beam (42) for the hoisting drum (24) and the operating motor (25, 26), pulleys (33, 34) for the pulling line or pulling lines (29, 30) from the one or more counterweights (31, 32) being arranged at the upper level of the beam.
8. Door according to anyone of claims 176, characterized in that the hoisting drum for the pulling line(s) from the counterweight(s) has a larger diameter, than the hoisting drum for the remaining hoisting lines or belts.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO954297 | 1995-10-27 | ||
| NO954297A NO300701B1 (en) | 1995-10-27 | 1995-10-27 | Gate |
| PCT/NO1996/000252 WO1997015745A1 (en) | 1995-10-27 | 1996-10-25 | Door |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2235749A1 true CA2235749A1 (en) | 1997-05-01 |
Family
ID=29405432
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2235749 Abandoned CA2235749A1 (en) | 1995-10-27 | 1996-10-25 | Door |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2235749A1 (en) |
-
1996
- 1996-10-25 CA CA 2235749 patent/CA2235749A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Dead |