CA2234705A1 - Briquetting of mineral fines - Google Patents
Briquetting of mineral fines Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2234705A1 CA2234705A1 CA 2234705 CA2234705A CA2234705A1 CA 2234705 A1 CA2234705 A1 CA 2234705A1 CA 2234705 CA2234705 CA 2234705 CA 2234705 A CA2234705 A CA 2234705A CA 2234705 A1 CA2234705 A1 CA 2234705A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- binder
- fines
- resin
- ester
- oxyanion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
- C10L5/06—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting
- C10L5/10—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders
- C10L5/14—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders with organic binders
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Phenolic Resins Or Amino Resins (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Glanulating (AREA)
Abstract
Mineral fines such as coal fines are agglomerated structures into briquettes or tablets by a cold roll-press operation using as a binder an ester-cured alkaline phenol-formaldehyde resole resin together with an oxyanion to enhance green strength.
Description
CA 0223470~ l998-04-09 BRIOUETTING OF MINERAL FINES
This invention relates to the briquetting of mineral fines such as coal fines.
A variety of techniques are known for producing agglomerated structures such as briquettes or tablets from coal fines. The most popular method is to form ovoid shapes by a cold roll-press operation. In this instance, the coal fines mixed with a binder are squeezed, at pressures of up to about 2.1 x 106 kg/m2) (3000 psi), between two metal rolls each having half-ovoid depressions.
The briquettes so formed fall from the press on to a conveyor belt ~or transfer to storage and subsequent packaging.
Several types of binder have been used in this process with varying degrees of success. For example, sodium silicate gives moderately strong briquettes, but has poor water resistance and because of increased ash content reduces the fuel value of the coal. Binders such as bitumen and sulphite lye result in the emission of fumes and smoke from the burning briquette which is clearly undesirable.
The use of ester-cured alkaline phenol-formaldehyde resole resin is known to give moderately strong briquettes with good burning properties and US Patent No. 4802890 is an example.
However, a green strength additive, commonly a starch, must be used to provide very early strength so that the freshly formed ovoid can fall intact to the conveyer belt. Starch is susceptible to bacterial/fungal attack and therefore must be used with a biocide or fungicide. Furthermore, the inclusion of starch can detract from the strength achievable from the phenolic resin. From the mechanics of the operation, this system is also CA 0223470~ 1998-04-09 complex because o~ the need ~or ~our components.
There is there~ore a need ~or a binder ~or coal ~ines which substantially avoids these disadvantages. In addition the problem is not con~ined to coal ~ines since there is also a need to agglomerate ~ines o~ a variety o~ minerals whether in the ~orm o~ particles or ~ibres.
According to the invention in one aspect an ambient temperature curing binder, ~or agglomerating mineral ~ines, comprises an alkaline resole phenol-~ormaldehyde resin, an ester bo ~L ~ ~ <~7471-i~C~
co-reactant and a~ oxyanion to enhance gree~ strength.
Also according to the invention there is provided a method o~ agglomerating a mineral ~ine in which the ~ine is bound into larger agglomerates by a binder comprising an alkaline phenol-~ormaldehyde, an ester co-reactant and a~ oxyanion to enhance green strength.
Thus, we have found that the inclusion o~ certain oxyanions, borate in partlcular, as a third component rapidly increases the viscosity o~ the resin-ester mixture and thus enhances the green strength o~ the system. This permits the briquette to ~all intact onto a conveyer belt. The rapid increase in viscosity is believed to result ~rom a decrease in pH o~ the resin coupled with ionic crosslinking between the methylol groups on the phenolic resin and the oxyanion. For example, the addition o~
3~ by weight o~ sodium tetraborate to the resin can give as much as a ~our-~old increase in viscosity.
The binder may be supplied as a briquettlng binder system ~or binding mineral ~ines at ambient temperatures comprising as separate components:
CA 0223470~ 1998-04-09 (a) an alkaline resole phenol-~ormaldehyde resin;
(b) an ester co-reactant, and (c) a~ oxyanion to enhance green strength o~ the resulting binder, to be mixed together with the mineral ~ines to ~orm a mixture to be briquetted.
This system may have an indication that the resulting binder is use~ul ~or briquetting mineral ~ines such as coal. It may be supplied with the components in separate containers which may be o~ a relative size such that ~ ~f the contents o~ the containers with the ~ines will provide a resulting mixture where the components are in the desired relative proportions.
Unlike prior systems which include an organic material like starch, the briquettes resulting ~rom the invention are not susceptible to mould and bacterial growth. There~ore, they do not need to include a bactericide or ~ungicide yet still remain bright and clear o~ mould on storage.
The alkaline resole phenol-~ormaldehyde resin may, ~or example, be one prepared by reacting a monohydric phenol such as phenol or a cresol, or a dihydric phenol such as resorcinol, with formaldehyde under alkaline conditions. The molar ratio o~ the monohydric or dihydric phenol to ~ormaldehyde can be ~rom 1:1 to 1:3, but the pre~erred range is 1:1.6 to 1:2Ø To this reactant mixture is added alkali as a solid or an aqueous solution.
Hydroxides o~ calcium, sodium and potassium may be used, but the latter is pre~erred. The amount o~ solid alkali added can be ~rom 8 to 18~, more pre~erably 12 to 18~, by weight of the resin, though the most pre~erred range is 11 to 15~ by weight o~ the resin.
CA 0223470~ 1998-04-09 The ester co-reactant (curing agent) may, for example, be the acetic acid esters of ethylene glycol, propyl-ene glycol, butylene glycol and glycerol, lactones such as propriolactone and gammabutyrolactone, and carbonate esters such as propylene carbonate and blends of ethylene/propylene carbonates. Mixtures o~ these es~ers may also be used.-~u1~a~1~ oxyanions ~rc bor~t~, ~lum~-nate~ and stannate,~
Z~ltho~lg~ borate is preferred. Also the oxyanion can be present in the ~orm of a salt such as the potassium or sodium salt.
O The amount o~ alkaline phenol-formaldehyde resin to be added to the fines such as coal will normally be 1 to 6~ by weight of the fines with the quantity of ester curing agent being 15 to 25~
by weight based on the weight o~ resin. The oxyanion, which can conveniently be added as a 5~ aqueous solution, will usually be added in an amount of 1 to 6~ by weight based on the fines.
These amounts are generally higher than the amounts which would be needed ~o~ larger sized particles than fines.
The preferred order o~ addltion to the mineral fines is to add the oxyanion first, then the ester and ~inally the resin, allowing time between each addition to disperse the component in the mixture.
The binding will take place at ambient temperatures and so no separate heating of the components is required Thus, in the case of the briquetting of coal fines little or no change is required to the cold roll-press operation other than the use o~
a binder according to the invention in place o~ traditional binders such as sodium silicate and normally the coal fines will be in the form o~ a damp mixture to avoid dust problems.
CA 0223470~ 1998-04-09 Besides coal fines the agglomeration process of the invention can be used with other types of fines such as carbon and graphite, and with other minerals such as quartz, calcium silicate and alumino-silicate. Mixtures of fines such as mixtures of various carbon based fines and silica fines are also possible.
The coal and other fines will normally have a maximum size of such that they will pass a mesh of 5 millimetre square aperture, and preferably a mesh of 3 millimetre square aperture.
The fines will therefore contain a range of particle sizes up to the maximum noted above. More preferably the fines are of a maximum size range o~ ~rom 150 to 200 mesh.
In some circumstances it may also be desirable to add a silane to assist in bonding between the binder and the mineral and a particular example is quartz. The silane, if present, is preferably added in an amount of from 0.1 to 1.0% by weight of the resin.
The invention can be illustrated by the ~ollowing Example.
A resole phenol-formaldehyde resin~:~s prepared by reacting, under mild alkaline conditions, 450 g of phenol and 270 g of 91%
paraformaldehyde in the presence of 351 g of water for 15 minutes at 100 C. After cooling to 80 C, 93 g of potassium hydroxide (45% w/w a~ueous solution) was added and the reaction continued at 80 C until the viscosity had increased to 17A (The Paint Research Association Bubble Tube ~ 25 C). After cooling the reaction mass, 325 g of potassium hydroxide (45% w/w aqueous solution) were added. Finally, 4 g of gamma-aminopropyltriethoxy silane were added. The ~inished resin had a viscosity of 350 centipoise (Brookfield ERV-8 @ 20 C/Spindle 4/loo rpm) and a CA 0223470~ 1998-04-09 solids content of 53~ (3h ~ 120C) A coal ~ines mixture comprising 70~ anthracite, 20 petrocoke and 10~ bituminous with an overall moisture content of 8.5~ were mixed with 3~ by weight of a 5~ aqueous solution of sodium tetraborate followed by 1~ by weight of an ester comprising equal parts o~ triacetin and gamma-butyrolactone. The resin as prepared above was then added at 4~ by weight based on the ~ines and dispersed for 1 minute.
This mixture was formed into briquettes by the roll-press technique, the ovoids so formed remaining intact on falling from the press Green strength measurement within 30 seconds from forming gave values of about 2.46 x 104 to 3.16 x 104 kg/m2 (35 to 45 psi) After 24 hours the briquettes had good scratch hardness, the compression strength had increased to about 9.84 x 104 to 1.12 x 105 kg/m2 (140 to 160 psi) and immersion tests showed them to be water resistant. Burn tests showed the briquettes to have excellent hot strength and to evolve very little smoke or ~umes.
The above briquetting exercise was repeated with the 5 aqueous solution of sodium tetraborate replaced, on a weight-weight basis, by 3~ of water alone. Over 70~ of the ovoids disintegrated on falling ~rom the roll-press, showing little evidence of any measurable green strength.
This invention relates to the briquetting of mineral fines such as coal fines.
A variety of techniques are known for producing agglomerated structures such as briquettes or tablets from coal fines. The most popular method is to form ovoid shapes by a cold roll-press operation. In this instance, the coal fines mixed with a binder are squeezed, at pressures of up to about 2.1 x 106 kg/m2) (3000 psi), between two metal rolls each having half-ovoid depressions.
The briquettes so formed fall from the press on to a conveyor belt ~or transfer to storage and subsequent packaging.
Several types of binder have been used in this process with varying degrees of success. For example, sodium silicate gives moderately strong briquettes, but has poor water resistance and because of increased ash content reduces the fuel value of the coal. Binders such as bitumen and sulphite lye result in the emission of fumes and smoke from the burning briquette which is clearly undesirable.
The use of ester-cured alkaline phenol-formaldehyde resole resin is known to give moderately strong briquettes with good burning properties and US Patent No. 4802890 is an example.
However, a green strength additive, commonly a starch, must be used to provide very early strength so that the freshly formed ovoid can fall intact to the conveyer belt. Starch is susceptible to bacterial/fungal attack and therefore must be used with a biocide or fungicide. Furthermore, the inclusion of starch can detract from the strength achievable from the phenolic resin. From the mechanics of the operation, this system is also CA 0223470~ 1998-04-09 complex because o~ the need ~or ~our components.
There is there~ore a need ~or a binder ~or coal ~ines which substantially avoids these disadvantages. In addition the problem is not con~ined to coal ~ines since there is also a need to agglomerate ~ines o~ a variety o~ minerals whether in the ~orm o~ particles or ~ibres.
According to the invention in one aspect an ambient temperature curing binder, ~or agglomerating mineral ~ines, comprises an alkaline resole phenol-~ormaldehyde resin, an ester bo ~L ~ ~ <~7471-i~C~
co-reactant and a~ oxyanion to enhance gree~ strength.
Also according to the invention there is provided a method o~ agglomerating a mineral ~ine in which the ~ine is bound into larger agglomerates by a binder comprising an alkaline phenol-~ormaldehyde, an ester co-reactant and a~ oxyanion to enhance green strength.
Thus, we have found that the inclusion o~ certain oxyanions, borate in partlcular, as a third component rapidly increases the viscosity o~ the resin-ester mixture and thus enhances the green strength o~ the system. This permits the briquette to ~all intact onto a conveyer belt. The rapid increase in viscosity is believed to result ~rom a decrease in pH o~ the resin coupled with ionic crosslinking between the methylol groups on the phenolic resin and the oxyanion. For example, the addition o~
3~ by weight o~ sodium tetraborate to the resin can give as much as a ~our-~old increase in viscosity.
The binder may be supplied as a briquettlng binder system ~or binding mineral ~ines at ambient temperatures comprising as separate components:
CA 0223470~ 1998-04-09 (a) an alkaline resole phenol-~ormaldehyde resin;
(b) an ester co-reactant, and (c) a~ oxyanion to enhance green strength o~ the resulting binder, to be mixed together with the mineral ~ines to ~orm a mixture to be briquetted.
This system may have an indication that the resulting binder is use~ul ~or briquetting mineral ~ines such as coal. It may be supplied with the components in separate containers which may be o~ a relative size such that ~ ~f the contents o~ the containers with the ~ines will provide a resulting mixture where the components are in the desired relative proportions.
Unlike prior systems which include an organic material like starch, the briquettes resulting ~rom the invention are not susceptible to mould and bacterial growth. There~ore, they do not need to include a bactericide or ~ungicide yet still remain bright and clear o~ mould on storage.
The alkaline resole phenol-~ormaldehyde resin may, ~or example, be one prepared by reacting a monohydric phenol such as phenol or a cresol, or a dihydric phenol such as resorcinol, with formaldehyde under alkaline conditions. The molar ratio o~ the monohydric or dihydric phenol to ~ormaldehyde can be ~rom 1:1 to 1:3, but the pre~erred range is 1:1.6 to 1:2Ø To this reactant mixture is added alkali as a solid or an aqueous solution.
Hydroxides o~ calcium, sodium and potassium may be used, but the latter is pre~erred. The amount o~ solid alkali added can be ~rom 8 to 18~, more pre~erably 12 to 18~, by weight of the resin, though the most pre~erred range is 11 to 15~ by weight o~ the resin.
CA 0223470~ 1998-04-09 The ester co-reactant (curing agent) may, for example, be the acetic acid esters of ethylene glycol, propyl-ene glycol, butylene glycol and glycerol, lactones such as propriolactone and gammabutyrolactone, and carbonate esters such as propylene carbonate and blends of ethylene/propylene carbonates. Mixtures o~ these es~ers may also be used.-~u1~a~1~ oxyanions ~rc bor~t~, ~lum~-nate~ and stannate,~
Z~ltho~lg~ borate is preferred. Also the oxyanion can be present in the ~orm of a salt such as the potassium or sodium salt.
O The amount o~ alkaline phenol-formaldehyde resin to be added to the fines such as coal will normally be 1 to 6~ by weight of the fines with the quantity of ester curing agent being 15 to 25~
by weight based on the weight o~ resin. The oxyanion, which can conveniently be added as a 5~ aqueous solution, will usually be added in an amount of 1 to 6~ by weight based on the fines.
These amounts are generally higher than the amounts which would be needed ~o~ larger sized particles than fines.
The preferred order o~ addltion to the mineral fines is to add the oxyanion first, then the ester and ~inally the resin, allowing time between each addition to disperse the component in the mixture.
The binding will take place at ambient temperatures and so no separate heating of the components is required Thus, in the case of the briquetting of coal fines little or no change is required to the cold roll-press operation other than the use o~
a binder according to the invention in place o~ traditional binders such as sodium silicate and normally the coal fines will be in the form o~ a damp mixture to avoid dust problems.
CA 0223470~ 1998-04-09 Besides coal fines the agglomeration process of the invention can be used with other types of fines such as carbon and graphite, and with other minerals such as quartz, calcium silicate and alumino-silicate. Mixtures of fines such as mixtures of various carbon based fines and silica fines are also possible.
The coal and other fines will normally have a maximum size of such that they will pass a mesh of 5 millimetre square aperture, and preferably a mesh of 3 millimetre square aperture.
The fines will therefore contain a range of particle sizes up to the maximum noted above. More preferably the fines are of a maximum size range o~ ~rom 150 to 200 mesh.
In some circumstances it may also be desirable to add a silane to assist in bonding between the binder and the mineral and a particular example is quartz. The silane, if present, is preferably added in an amount of from 0.1 to 1.0% by weight of the resin.
The invention can be illustrated by the ~ollowing Example.
A resole phenol-formaldehyde resin~:~s prepared by reacting, under mild alkaline conditions, 450 g of phenol and 270 g of 91%
paraformaldehyde in the presence of 351 g of water for 15 minutes at 100 C. After cooling to 80 C, 93 g of potassium hydroxide (45% w/w a~ueous solution) was added and the reaction continued at 80 C until the viscosity had increased to 17A (The Paint Research Association Bubble Tube ~ 25 C). After cooling the reaction mass, 325 g of potassium hydroxide (45% w/w aqueous solution) were added. Finally, 4 g of gamma-aminopropyltriethoxy silane were added. The ~inished resin had a viscosity of 350 centipoise (Brookfield ERV-8 @ 20 C/Spindle 4/loo rpm) and a CA 0223470~ 1998-04-09 solids content of 53~ (3h ~ 120C) A coal ~ines mixture comprising 70~ anthracite, 20 petrocoke and 10~ bituminous with an overall moisture content of 8.5~ were mixed with 3~ by weight of a 5~ aqueous solution of sodium tetraborate followed by 1~ by weight of an ester comprising equal parts o~ triacetin and gamma-butyrolactone. The resin as prepared above was then added at 4~ by weight based on the ~ines and dispersed for 1 minute.
This mixture was formed into briquettes by the roll-press technique, the ovoids so formed remaining intact on falling from the press Green strength measurement within 30 seconds from forming gave values of about 2.46 x 104 to 3.16 x 104 kg/m2 (35 to 45 psi) After 24 hours the briquettes had good scratch hardness, the compression strength had increased to about 9.84 x 104 to 1.12 x 105 kg/m2 (140 to 160 psi) and immersion tests showed them to be water resistant. Burn tests showed the briquettes to have excellent hot strength and to evolve very little smoke or ~umes.
The above briquetting exercise was repeated with the 5 aqueous solution of sodium tetraborate replaced, on a weight-weight basis, by 3~ of water alone. Over 70~ of the ovoids disintegrated on falling ~rom the roll-press, showing little evidence of any measurable green strength.
Claims (12)
1. A ambient temperature curing binder for agglomerating mineral fines comprising an alkaline resole phenol-formaldehyde resin, an ester co-reactant and a borate, aluminate or otannate oxyanion to enhance green strength.
2. A briquetting binder system for binding mineral fines at ambient temperatures comprising as separate components:
(a) an alkaline resole phenol-formaldehyde resin;
(b) an ester co-reactant, and (c) a borate, aluminate or otannate oxyanion to enhance green strength of the resulting binder, to be mixed together with the mineral fines to form a mixture-to be briquetted.
(a) an alkaline resole phenol-formaldehyde resin;
(b) an ester co-reactant, and (c) a borate, aluminate or otannate oxyanion to enhance green strength of the resulting binder, to be mixed together with the mineral fines to form a mixture-to be briquetted.
3. A binder as claimed in Claim 1 or a system as claimed in Claim 2 in which the resin is one which has been formed by reacting a monohydric or dihydric phenol with formaldehyde under alkaline conditions and in which the molar rates of the monohydric or dihydric phenol to formaldehyde is preferably 1:1 to 1:3.
4. A binder or system as claimed in Claim 3 in which calcium, sodium or potassium hydroxide provided the alkaline conditions and was present in an amount of from 8 to 18% by weight of the resin.
5. A binder or system as claimed in any preceding claim in which the ester co-reactant is an acetic acid ester, a lactone or a carbonate ester, and in which the quantity of ester co-reactant is preferably from 15 to 25% by weight of the weight of the resin.
6. A binder or system as claimed in any preceding claim in which the oxyanion is a borate.
7. A binder as claimed in any preceding claim which additionally includes a silane preferably in an amount of from 0.1 to 1.0% by weight of the resin.
8. A method of agglomerating a mineral fine in which the fine is bound into larger agglomerates by a binder comprising an alkaline phenol-formaldehyde, an ester co-reactant, and a borate, aluminate or stannate oxyanion to enhance green strength.
9. A method of agglomerating a mineral fine in which the fine is bound into larger agglomerates by a binder or system as claimed in any of claims 1 to 7.
10. A method as claimed in Claim 8 or Claim 9 in which the mineral is coal and the larger agglomerates are ovoid briquettes formed by a cold-press operation.
11. A method as claimed in any of claims 8 to 10 in which the resin is added to the fines in an amount of from 1 to 6% by weight of the fines and the oxyanion in an amount of from 0.05 to 0.3% by weight of the fines.
12. A method as claimed in any of claims 8 to 11 in which the oxyanion is added first to the fines, then the ester co-reactant and finally the resin, the component added being allowed to disperse into the mixture before the next component is added.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9520818.7 | 1995-10-11 | ||
| GBGB9520818.7A GB9520818D0 (en) | 1995-10-11 | 1995-10-11 | Briquetting of mineral fines |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2234705A1 true CA2234705A1 (en) | 1997-04-17 |
Family
ID=10782149
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2234705 Abandoned CA2234705A1 (en) | 1995-10-11 | 1996-10-10 | Briquetting of mineral fines |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0862605A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1201482A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU7223096A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9610890A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2234705A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB9520818D0 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL326250A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1997013827A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2330150B (en) * | 1997-10-13 | 2001-11-14 | Applied Ind Materials Uk Ltd | Process for the agglomeration of petroleum coke fines |
| GB9826226D0 (en) * | 1998-12-01 | 1999-01-20 | Borden Chem Co Ltd | Briquetting of powdered fuel |
| GB9914537D0 (en) * | 1999-06-23 | 1999-08-25 | Borden Chem Co Ltd | Fuel briquetting composition and manufacture of fuel briquettes using it |
| CA2561481A1 (en) | 2003-04-09 | 2004-10-21 | Graham Simpson Murray | Conductive polymer, conductive polymer compositions and their use |
| US8333909B2 (en) | 2003-04-09 | 2012-12-18 | Bac2 Limited | Conductive polymer, conductive polymer compositions and methods for their use |
| GB0308135D0 (en) * | 2003-04-09 | 2003-05-14 | Bac2 Ltd | Solid polymer electrolyte |
| RU2467060C1 (en) * | 2011-04-19 | 2012-11-20 | Татьяна Викторовна Шевченко | Complex binder for making coal briquettes |
| RU2467059C1 (en) * | 2011-04-19 | 2012-11-20 | Татьяна Викторовна Шевченко | Resin binder for making coal briquettes |
| GB201613915D0 (en) * | 2016-08-15 | 2016-09-28 | Binding Solutions Ltd | Briquettes |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1033255A1 (en) * | 1982-03-25 | 1983-08-07 | Липецкий политехнический институт | Sand for manufacturing casting ceramic moulds and cores |
| GB8404595D0 (en) * | 1984-02-22 | 1984-03-28 | Foseco Int | Foundry sand compositions |
| GB8608488D0 (en) * | 1986-04-08 | 1986-05-14 | Foseco Int | Agglomeration of coal fines |
| AU605943B2 (en) * | 1987-12-24 | 1991-01-24 | Foseco International Limited | Production of articles of bonded particulate material and binder compositions for use therein |
| GB2282387A (en) * | 1993-09-07 | 1995-04-05 | Hepworth Minerals & Chemicals | Briquette and preparation of same |
-
1995
- 1995-10-11 GB GBGB9520818.7A patent/GB9520818D0/en active Pending
-
1996
- 1996-10-10 WO PCT/GB1996/002479 patent/WO1997013827A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-10-10 CN CN 96197976 patent/CN1201482A/en active Pending
- 1996-10-10 PL PL32625096A patent/PL326250A1/en unknown
- 1996-10-10 BR BR9610890-8A patent/BR9610890A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-10-10 EP EP96933531A patent/EP0862605A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-10-10 CA CA 2234705 patent/CA2234705A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-10-10 AU AU72230/96A patent/AU7223096A/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BR9610890A (en) | 1999-12-21 |
| AU7223096A (en) | 1997-04-30 |
| WO1997013827A1 (en) | 1997-04-17 |
| PL326250A1 (en) | 1998-08-31 |
| GB9520818D0 (en) | 1995-12-13 |
| CN1201482A (en) | 1998-12-09 |
| MX9802789A (en) | 1998-09-30 |
| EP0862605A1 (en) | 1998-09-09 |
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