CA2227857A1 - Refrigerant compositions - Google Patents
Refrigerant compositions Download PDFInfo
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- CA2227857A1 CA2227857A1 CA 2227857 CA2227857A CA2227857A1 CA 2227857 A1 CA2227857 A1 CA 2227857A1 CA 2227857 CA2227857 CA 2227857 CA 2227857 A CA2227857 A CA 2227857A CA 2227857 A1 CA2227857 A1 CA 2227857A1
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- azeotropic refrigerant
- refrigerant
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
- C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
- C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/10—Components
- C09K2205/106—Carbon dioxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/34—The mixture being non-azeotropic
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
A non-azeotropic refrigerant composition is described comprising (A) carbon dioxide (CO2), (B) pentafluoroethane (R-125), and (C) 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (R143a).
Description
CA 022278~7 1998-01-26 W O 97/07179 PCT/GB96~1955 R~RI~.~ANT C~MPOSITIONS
m e present invention relates to non-azeotropic refrigerant compositions and more particularly to non-azeotropic refrigerant compositions which can be used in the low temperature refrigeration applications currently satisfied by refrigerant R-502 which is an azeotropic mixture of chlorodifluoromethane (refrigerant R-22) and chloropentafluoroethane (refrigerant R-115).
Heat transfer devices of the m~h~nical compression type such as refrigerators, freezers, heat pumps and air conditioning systems are well known. In such devices a refrigerant liquid of a suitable boiling point evaporates at low pressure taking heat from a surrounding heat transfer fluid. m e resultiny vapour is then compressed and passes to a con~ncer where it con~nces and gives off heat to another heat transfer fluid. The con~n~te is then returned through an expansion valve to the evaporator so completing the cycle.
The m~h~n;cal energy required for compressing the vapour and pumping the liquid may be provided by an electric motor or an internal combustion engine.
In addition to having a suitable boiling point and a high latent heat of vaporisation, the properties preferred of a refrigerant include low toxicity, non-flamm bility, non-corrosivity, high stability and freedom from objectionable odour.
Hitherto, heat transfer devices have tended to use fully and partially halogenated chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants such as trichlorofluoromethane (refrigerant R-11), dichlorodifluoromethane (refrigerant R-12), chlorodifluoromethane (refrigerant R-22) and the azeotropic mixture of chlorodifluoromethane and chloropentafluoroethane (refrigerant R-llS); the azeotrope being refrigerant R-502. Refrigerant R-S02, for example, has been widely used in low temperature refrigeration applications.
However, the fully and partially halogenated chlorofluorocarbons have been implicated in the destruction of the earth's protective ozone layer and as a result the use and production thereof has been limited by international agreement. I
Whilst heat transfer devices of the type to which the present invention relates are essentially closed systems, loss of refrigerant CA 022278~7 1998-01-26 to the atmosphere can occur due to leakage during operation of the equipment or during maintenance procedures. It is important, . r therefore, to replace fully and partially halogenated chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants by materials having low or zero ozone depletion potentials.
In addition to the possibility of ozone depletion, it has been suggested that significant concentrations of chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants in the atmosphere might contribute to global warming (the so-called greenhouse effect). It is desirable, therefore, to use refrigerants which have relatively short atmospheric lifetimes as a result of their ability to react with other atmospheric constituents such as hydroxyl radicals.
Replacements for some of the chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants presently in use have already been developed. These replacement refrigerants tend to comprise selected hydrofluoroalkanes, i.e.
compounds which contain only carbon, hydrogen and fluorine atoms in their structure. Thus, refrigerant R-12 is generally-being replaced by 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a~.
Although suitable repl~c~nt refrigerants are available, there is always a need for new refri~erants having a low or zero ozone depletion potential that are capable of replacing the chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants presently in use such as R-502.
Furthermore, very real benefits could be realised by a new replacement refrigerant having a higher refrigeration capacity than the replacement refrigerants known in the art.
The present invention provides a non-azeotropic refrigerant composition comprising a mixture of compounds having low or zero ozone depletion potentials which can be used in the low temperature refrigeration applications currently satisfied by refrigerant R-502.
The non-azeotropic refrigerant composition of the invention can exhibit an advantageously high refrigeration capacity.
According to the present invention there is provided a non-azeotropic (zeotropic) refrigerant composition comprising:
(A) carbon dioxide (C02);
(B) pentafluoroethane (R-125); and (C) l,l,l-trifluoroethane (R-143a).
CA 022278~7 l998-0l-26 The zeotropic refrigerant composition of the invention comprises ~ three separate components, - The first component (component (A)) is carbon dioxide (CO2) which exhibits a low temperature refrigeration action subliming at around -78.5 C. The second component (component (B)) is pentafluoroethane (R-125) which has a boiling point of around -48.5 C. m e third component (component (C)) is 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (R-143a) which has a boiling point of around -47.6 C.
The refrigerant composition of the invention may-also contain 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a) which has a boiling point of around -26.5 c.
The amounts of the CO2, R-125 and R-lg3a and the amount of the R-134a (if included) in the refrigerant composition may be varied within wide limits, but typically the refrigerant composition will comprise from 1 to 20 % by weight CO2, from 25 to 70 ~ by weight R-125, from 25 to 70 ~ by weight,R-143a and from 0 to 25 % by weight (for example, from 1 to 25 % by weight) R-134a.
When the optional R-134a is not included, a preferred refrigerant composition of the invention in terms of its suitability as a replacement for refrigerant R-502 is one comprising from 2 to 15 % by weight CO2, from 28 to 70 % by weight R-125 and from 28 to 70 % by weight R-143a.
When the optional R-134a is not included, a particularly preferred refrigerant composition of the invention in terms of its suitability as a repl~ t for refrigerant R-502 is one comprising from 2 to 12 % by weight, more particularly from 2 to 10 ~ by weight, CO2, from 38 to 60 % by weight, more particularly from 45 to 50 % by weight, R-125 and from 38 to 60 % by weight, more particularly from 45 to 50 % by weight, R-143a.
When the optional R-134a is included, a preferred refrigerant composition of the invention in terms of its suitability as a replacement for refrigerant R-502 is one comprising from 2 to 15 ~ by weight CO2, from 27 to 70 % by weight R-125, from 27 to 70 % by weight R-143a and from 1 to 25 % by weight R-134a.
When the optional R-134a is included, a particularly preferred refrigerant composition of the invention in terms of its suitability j as a replacement for refrigerant R-502 is one comprising from 2 to CA 022278~7 l998-0l-26 15 % by weight, more particularly from 2 to 12 % by weight, CO2, from 37 to 60 % by weight, more particularly from 35 to 45 % by weight, R-125, from 37 to 60 % by weight, more particularly from 43 to 53 %
by weight, R-143a and from 1 to 10 % by weight, more particularly from 1 to 5 % by weight, R-134a.
m e refrigerant composition of the invention may also be combined with one or more hydrocarbon compounds in an amount which is sufficient to allow the composition to transport a mineral oil or alkyl benzene type lubricant around a refrigeration circuit and return it to the compressor. In this way, inexpensive lubricants based on mineral oils or alkyl benzenes may be used to lubricate the compressor.
Suitable hydrocarbons for use with the refrigerant composition of the invention are those cont~;ning from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, with hydrocarbons cont~ining from 3 to 5 carbon atoms being preferred.
Propane and pentane are particularly preferred hydrocarbons, with pentane being especially preferred.
Where a hydrocarbon is combined with the refrigerant composition of the invention, it will preferably be present in an amount of from 1 to 10 % by weight on the total weight of the refrigerant composition.
m e refrigerant composition of the invention may also be used in combination with the types of lubricants which have been specially developed for use with hydrofluorocarbon based refrigerants. Such lubricants include those comprising a polyoxyalkylene glycol base oil. Suitable polyoxyalkylene glycols include hydroxyl group initiated polyoxyalkylene glycols, e.g. ethylene and/or propylene oxide oligomers/polymers initiated on mono- or polyhydric alcohols such as methanol, butanol, pentaerythritol and glycerol. Such polyoxyalkylene glycols may also be end-capped with suitable t~rmin~l groups such as alkyl, e.g. methyl groups. Another class of lubricants which have been developed for use with hydrofluorocarbon based refrigerants and which may be used in combination with the present refrigerant compositions are those comprising a neopentyl polyol ester base oil derived from the reaction of at least one neopentyl polyol and at least one aliphatic carboxylic acid or an esterifiable derivative thereof. Suitable neopentyl polyols for the formation of CA 022278~7 l998-0l-26 the ester base oil include pentaerythritol, polypentaerythritols such as di- and tripentaerythritol, trimethylol islk~n-~c such as trimethylol ethane and trimethylol propane, and neopentyl glycol. The esters may be formed with linear and/or br~nrhe-l aliphatic carboxylic acids, such as linear and/or branched alkanoic acids. Preferred acids are selected ~rom the Cs8, particularly the Cs 7~ linear alkanoic acids and the Cslo~ particularly the Csg, branched alkanoic acids. A
minor proportion of an aliphatic polycarboxylic acid, .e.g. an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, may also be used in the synthesis of the ester in order to increase the viscosity thereof. Usually, the amount of the carboxylic acid(s) which is used in the synthesis will be sufficient to esterify all of the hydroxyl groups contained in the polyol, although residual hydroxyl functionality may be acceptable.
The zeot'ropic refrigerant composition of the present invention may be used to provide the desired cooling in heat transfer devices such as low temperature refrigeration systems by a method which involves con~ cing the refrigerant composition and thereafter evaporating it in a heat exchange relationship with a heat transfer fluid to be cooled. In particular, the refrigerant composition of the invention may be employed as a repl~ ~m~nt for refrigerant R-502 in low temperature refrigeration applications.
The present invention is now illustrated but not limited with reference to the following example.
~rle 1 The performance of five refrigerant compositions of the invention in a low temperature refrigeration cycle was investigated using standard refrigeration cycle analysis techniques in order to assess the suitability thereof as a repl~c~m~nt for R-502. The followinçl refrigerant compositions were subjected to the cycle analysis:
(1~ A composition comprising 2 % by weight C~2~ 43.1 96 by weight R-12S, 51 % by weight R-143a and 3.9 96 by weight R-134a.
m e present invention relates to non-azeotropic refrigerant compositions and more particularly to non-azeotropic refrigerant compositions which can be used in the low temperature refrigeration applications currently satisfied by refrigerant R-502 which is an azeotropic mixture of chlorodifluoromethane (refrigerant R-22) and chloropentafluoroethane (refrigerant R-115).
Heat transfer devices of the m~h~nical compression type such as refrigerators, freezers, heat pumps and air conditioning systems are well known. In such devices a refrigerant liquid of a suitable boiling point evaporates at low pressure taking heat from a surrounding heat transfer fluid. m e resultiny vapour is then compressed and passes to a con~ncer where it con~nces and gives off heat to another heat transfer fluid. The con~n~te is then returned through an expansion valve to the evaporator so completing the cycle.
The m~h~n;cal energy required for compressing the vapour and pumping the liquid may be provided by an electric motor or an internal combustion engine.
In addition to having a suitable boiling point and a high latent heat of vaporisation, the properties preferred of a refrigerant include low toxicity, non-flamm bility, non-corrosivity, high stability and freedom from objectionable odour.
Hitherto, heat transfer devices have tended to use fully and partially halogenated chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants such as trichlorofluoromethane (refrigerant R-11), dichlorodifluoromethane (refrigerant R-12), chlorodifluoromethane (refrigerant R-22) and the azeotropic mixture of chlorodifluoromethane and chloropentafluoroethane (refrigerant R-llS); the azeotrope being refrigerant R-502. Refrigerant R-S02, for example, has been widely used in low temperature refrigeration applications.
However, the fully and partially halogenated chlorofluorocarbons have been implicated in the destruction of the earth's protective ozone layer and as a result the use and production thereof has been limited by international agreement. I
Whilst heat transfer devices of the type to which the present invention relates are essentially closed systems, loss of refrigerant CA 022278~7 1998-01-26 to the atmosphere can occur due to leakage during operation of the equipment or during maintenance procedures. It is important, . r therefore, to replace fully and partially halogenated chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants by materials having low or zero ozone depletion potentials.
In addition to the possibility of ozone depletion, it has been suggested that significant concentrations of chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants in the atmosphere might contribute to global warming (the so-called greenhouse effect). It is desirable, therefore, to use refrigerants which have relatively short atmospheric lifetimes as a result of their ability to react with other atmospheric constituents such as hydroxyl radicals.
Replacements for some of the chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants presently in use have already been developed. These replacement refrigerants tend to comprise selected hydrofluoroalkanes, i.e.
compounds which contain only carbon, hydrogen and fluorine atoms in their structure. Thus, refrigerant R-12 is generally-being replaced by 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a~.
Although suitable repl~c~nt refrigerants are available, there is always a need for new refri~erants having a low or zero ozone depletion potential that are capable of replacing the chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants presently in use such as R-502.
Furthermore, very real benefits could be realised by a new replacement refrigerant having a higher refrigeration capacity than the replacement refrigerants known in the art.
The present invention provides a non-azeotropic refrigerant composition comprising a mixture of compounds having low or zero ozone depletion potentials which can be used in the low temperature refrigeration applications currently satisfied by refrigerant R-502.
The non-azeotropic refrigerant composition of the invention can exhibit an advantageously high refrigeration capacity.
According to the present invention there is provided a non-azeotropic (zeotropic) refrigerant composition comprising:
(A) carbon dioxide (C02);
(B) pentafluoroethane (R-125); and (C) l,l,l-trifluoroethane (R-143a).
CA 022278~7 l998-0l-26 The zeotropic refrigerant composition of the invention comprises ~ three separate components, - The first component (component (A)) is carbon dioxide (CO2) which exhibits a low temperature refrigeration action subliming at around -78.5 C. The second component (component (B)) is pentafluoroethane (R-125) which has a boiling point of around -48.5 C. m e third component (component (C)) is 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (R-143a) which has a boiling point of around -47.6 C.
The refrigerant composition of the invention may-also contain 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a) which has a boiling point of around -26.5 c.
The amounts of the CO2, R-125 and R-lg3a and the amount of the R-134a (if included) in the refrigerant composition may be varied within wide limits, but typically the refrigerant composition will comprise from 1 to 20 % by weight CO2, from 25 to 70 ~ by weight R-125, from 25 to 70 ~ by weight,R-143a and from 0 to 25 % by weight (for example, from 1 to 25 % by weight) R-134a.
When the optional R-134a is not included, a preferred refrigerant composition of the invention in terms of its suitability as a replacement for refrigerant R-502 is one comprising from 2 to 15 % by weight CO2, from 28 to 70 % by weight R-125 and from 28 to 70 % by weight R-143a.
When the optional R-134a is not included, a particularly preferred refrigerant composition of the invention in terms of its suitability as a repl~ t for refrigerant R-502 is one comprising from 2 to 12 % by weight, more particularly from 2 to 10 ~ by weight, CO2, from 38 to 60 % by weight, more particularly from 45 to 50 % by weight, R-125 and from 38 to 60 % by weight, more particularly from 45 to 50 % by weight, R-143a.
When the optional R-134a is included, a preferred refrigerant composition of the invention in terms of its suitability as a replacement for refrigerant R-502 is one comprising from 2 to 15 ~ by weight CO2, from 27 to 70 % by weight R-125, from 27 to 70 % by weight R-143a and from 1 to 25 % by weight R-134a.
When the optional R-134a is included, a particularly preferred refrigerant composition of the invention in terms of its suitability j as a replacement for refrigerant R-502 is one comprising from 2 to CA 022278~7 l998-0l-26 15 % by weight, more particularly from 2 to 12 % by weight, CO2, from 37 to 60 % by weight, more particularly from 35 to 45 % by weight, R-125, from 37 to 60 % by weight, more particularly from 43 to 53 %
by weight, R-143a and from 1 to 10 % by weight, more particularly from 1 to 5 % by weight, R-134a.
m e refrigerant composition of the invention may also be combined with one or more hydrocarbon compounds in an amount which is sufficient to allow the composition to transport a mineral oil or alkyl benzene type lubricant around a refrigeration circuit and return it to the compressor. In this way, inexpensive lubricants based on mineral oils or alkyl benzenes may be used to lubricate the compressor.
Suitable hydrocarbons for use with the refrigerant composition of the invention are those cont~;ning from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, with hydrocarbons cont~ining from 3 to 5 carbon atoms being preferred.
Propane and pentane are particularly preferred hydrocarbons, with pentane being especially preferred.
Where a hydrocarbon is combined with the refrigerant composition of the invention, it will preferably be present in an amount of from 1 to 10 % by weight on the total weight of the refrigerant composition.
m e refrigerant composition of the invention may also be used in combination with the types of lubricants which have been specially developed for use with hydrofluorocarbon based refrigerants. Such lubricants include those comprising a polyoxyalkylene glycol base oil. Suitable polyoxyalkylene glycols include hydroxyl group initiated polyoxyalkylene glycols, e.g. ethylene and/or propylene oxide oligomers/polymers initiated on mono- or polyhydric alcohols such as methanol, butanol, pentaerythritol and glycerol. Such polyoxyalkylene glycols may also be end-capped with suitable t~rmin~l groups such as alkyl, e.g. methyl groups. Another class of lubricants which have been developed for use with hydrofluorocarbon based refrigerants and which may be used in combination with the present refrigerant compositions are those comprising a neopentyl polyol ester base oil derived from the reaction of at least one neopentyl polyol and at least one aliphatic carboxylic acid or an esterifiable derivative thereof. Suitable neopentyl polyols for the formation of CA 022278~7 l998-0l-26 the ester base oil include pentaerythritol, polypentaerythritols such as di- and tripentaerythritol, trimethylol islk~n-~c such as trimethylol ethane and trimethylol propane, and neopentyl glycol. The esters may be formed with linear and/or br~nrhe-l aliphatic carboxylic acids, such as linear and/or branched alkanoic acids. Preferred acids are selected ~rom the Cs8, particularly the Cs 7~ linear alkanoic acids and the Cslo~ particularly the Csg, branched alkanoic acids. A
minor proportion of an aliphatic polycarboxylic acid, .e.g. an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, may also be used in the synthesis of the ester in order to increase the viscosity thereof. Usually, the amount of the carboxylic acid(s) which is used in the synthesis will be sufficient to esterify all of the hydroxyl groups contained in the polyol, although residual hydroxyl functionality may be acceptable.
The zeot'ropic refrigerant composition of the present invention may be used to provide the desired cooling in heat transfer devices such as low temperature refrigeration systems by a method which involves con~ cing the refrigerant composition and thereafter evaporating it in a heat exchange relationship with a heat transfer fluid to be cooled. In particular, the refrigerant composition of the invention may be employed as a repl~ ~m~nt for refrigerant R-502 in low temperature refrigeration applications.
The present invention is now illustrated but not limited with reference to the following example.
~rle 1 The performance of five refrigerant compositions of the invention in a low temperature refrigeration cycle was investigated using standard refrigeration cycle analysis techniques in order to assess the suitability thereof as a repl~c~m~nt for R-502. The followinçl refrigerant compositions were subjected to the cycle analysis:
(1~ A composition comprising 2 % by weight C~2~ 43.1 96 by weight R-12S, 51 % by weight R-143a and 3.9 96 by weight R-134a.
(2) A composition comprising 5 96 by weight C~2 ~ 41.8 96 by weight R-125, 49.4 ~ by weight R-143a and 3.8 % by weight R-134a.
CA 022278~7 l998-0l-26 ~/07179 PCT/GB96/01955 (3) A composition comprising 10 ~ by weight CO2, 39.6 ~ by weight R-125, 46.8 % by weight R-143a and 3.6 % by weight R-134a.
CA 022278~7 l998-0l-26 ~/07179 PCT/GB96/01955 (3) A composition comprising 10 ~ by weight CO2, 39.6 ~ by weight R-125, 46.8 % by weight R-143a and 3.6 % by weight R-134a.
(4) A composition comprising 2 % by weight C03, 49 % by weight R-125 and 49 % by weight R-143a.
(5) A composition comprising 5 % by weight co2, 47.5 ~ by weight R-125 and 47.5 % by weight R-143a.
The following operating conditions were used in the cycle analysis.
Mean Evaporator Temperature: -40 C
Mean Condenser Temperature: 40'C
Amount of Superheat: lO'C
Amount of Subcooling: 5'C
Isentropic Compressor Efficiency: 75 %
Cooling Duty: 1 kW
The results of analysing the performAnce of the five refrigerant compositions in a low temperature refrigeration cycle using these operating conditions are given in Table 1.
The performance parameters of the refrigerant compositions which are presented in Table 1, i.e. con~n~er pressure, evaporator pressure, discharge temperature, refrigeration capacity (by which is meant the cooling duty achieved per unit swept volume of the compressor), coefficient of performance (COP) (by which is meant the ratio of cooling duty (refrigeration effect) achieved to m~ch~nical energy supplied to the compressor), and the glides in the evaporator and condenser (the temperature range over which the refrigerant composition boils in the evaporator and condenses in the con~n~er), are all art recognised parameters.
The performance of refrigerant R-502 under the same operating conditions is also shown in Table 1 by way of comparison.
It is apparent from Table 1 that the refrigerant compositions of the invention exhibited as good as or better refrigeration capacities than refrigerant R-502 and that the refrigeration capacity increased as the C03 content in the composition increased. It is also apparent from the results given in Table 1 that the performance of the refrigerant composition of the invention in a low temperature refrigeration cycle is such that it could make an acceptable replA~m~nt for refrigerant R-502.
~ ~n 8 ~
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~UBSIITUTE SHEET ~RUl,~ 6
The following operating conditions were used in the cycle analysis.
Mean Evaporator Temperature: -40 C
Mean Condenser Temperature: 40'C
Amount of Superheat: lO'C
Amount of Subcooling: 5'C
Isentropic Compressor Efficiency: 75 %
Cooling Duty: 1 kW
The results of analysing the performAnce of the five refrigerant compositions in a low temperature refrigeration cycle using these operating conditions are given in Table 1.
The performance parameters of the refrigerant compositions which are presented in Table 1, i.e. con~n~er pressure, evaporator pressure, discharge temperature, refrigeration capacity (by which is meant the cooling duty achieved per unit swept volume of the compressor), coefficient of performance (COP) (by which is meant the ratio of cooling duty (refrigeration effect) achieved to m~ch~nical energy supplied to the compressor), and the glides in the evaporator and condenser (the temperature range over which the refrigerant composition boils in the evaporator and condenses in the con~n~er), are all art recognised parameters.
The performance of refrigerant R-502 under the same operating conditions is also shown in Table 1 by way of comparison.
It is apparent from Table 1 that the refrigerant compositions of the invention exhibited as good as or better refrigeration capacities than refrigerant R-502 and that the refrigeration capacity increased as the C03 content in the composition increased. It is also apparent from the results given in Table 1 that the performance of the refrigerant composition of the invention in a low temperature refrigeration cycle is such that it could make an acceptable replA~m~nt for refrigerant R-502.
~ ~n 8 ~
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~ o ~ ~ ~ ~ _ ~ _ o o o C
~UBSIITUTE SHEET ~RUl,~ 6
Claims (18)
1. A non-azeotropic refrigerant composition comprising:
(A) carbon dioxide (CO2);
(B) pentafluoroethane (R-125); and (C) 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (R-143a).
(A) carbon dioxide (CO2);
(B) pentafluoroethane (R-125); and (C) 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (R-143a).
2. A non-azeotropic refrigerant composition as claimed in claim 1 comprising from 1 to 20 % by weight CO2, from 25 to 70 % by weight R-125, from 25 to 70 % by weight R-143a and from 0 to 25 % by weight 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a).
3. A non-azeotropic refrigerant composition as claimed in claim 1 comprising from 2 to 15 % by weight CO2, from 28 to 70 % by weight R-125 and from 28 to 70 % by weight R-143a.
4. A non-azeotropic refrigerant composition as claimed in claim 3 comprising from 2 to 12 % by weight CO2, from 38 to 60 % by weight R-125 and from 38 to 60 % by weight R-143a.
5. A non-azeotropic refrigerant composition as claimed in claim 4 comprising from 2 to 10 % by weight CO2, from 45 to 50 % by weight R-125 and from 45 to 50 % by weight R-143a.
6. A non-azeotropic refrigerant composition as claimed in claim 1 which additionally comprises 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a).
7. A non-azeotropic refrigerant composition as claimed in claim 6 comprising from 1 to 20 % by weight CO2, from 25 to 70 % by weight R-125, from 25 to 70 % by weight R-143a and from 1 to 25 % by weight R-134a.
8. A non-azeotropic refrigerant composition as claimed in claim 7 comprising from 2 to 15 % by weight CO2, from 27 to 70 % by weight R-125, from 27 to 70 % by weight R-143a and from 1 to 25 % by weight R-134a.
9. A non-azeotropic refrigerant composition as claimed in claim 8 comprising from 2 to 15 % by weight CO2, from 37 to 60 % by weight R-125, from 37 to 60 % by weight R-143a and from 1 to 10 % by weight R-134a.
10. A non-azeotropic refrigerant composition as claimed in claim 9 comprising from 2 to 12 % by weight CO2, from 35 to 45 % by weight R-125, from 43 to 53 % by weight R-143a and from 1 to 5 % by weight R-134a.
11. A non-azeotropic refrigerant composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10 which additionally comprises at least one hydrocarbon.
12. A non-azeotropic refrigerant composition as claimed in claim 11, wherein the at least one hydrocarbon contains from 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
13. A non-azeotropic refrigerant composition as claimed in claim 12, wherein the at least one hydrocarbon is selected from propane and pentane.
14. A non-azeotropic refrigerant composition as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein the hydrocarbon is present in an amount of from 1 to 10 % by weight on the total weight of the refrigerant composition.
15. A heat transfer device containing a non-azeotropic refrigerant composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 14.
16. A low temperature refrigeration system containing a non-azeotropic refrigerant composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 14.
17. A method for providing cooling which comprises condensing a non-azeotropic refrigerant composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 14 and thereafter evaporating it in a heat exchange relationship with a heat transfer fluid to be cooled.
18. The use of a non-azeotropic refrigerant composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 14 as a replacement for refrigerant R-502 in low temperature refrigeration applications.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB9516920.7A GB9516920D0 (en) | 1995-08-18 | 1995-08-18 | Refrigerant compositions |
| GB9516920.7 | 1995-08-18 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2227857A1 true CA2227857A1 (en) | 1997-02-27 |
Family
ID=10779410
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2227857 Abandoned CA2227857A1 (en) | 1995-08-18 | 1996-08-12 | Refrigerant compositions |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0845019A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH11511190A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU6707696A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2227857A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB9516920D0 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1997007179A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU1642192A (en) * | 1991-03-18 | 1992-10-21 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Non-azeotropic refrigerant compositions comprising difluoromethane; 1,1,1-trifluoroethane; or propane |
| US6629419B1 (en) | 1999-10-04 | 2003-10-07 | Refringerant Products Ltd. | CFC 12 replacement refrigerant |
| US6604368B1 (en) | 1999-10-04 | 2003-08-12 | Refrigerant Products, Ltd. | R 12 replacement refrigerant |
| US6606868B1 (en) | 1999-10-04 | 2003-08-19 | Refrigerant Products, Ltd. | R 22 replacement refrigerant |
| US7861541B2 (en) | 2004-07-13 | 2011-01-04 | Tiax Llc | System and method of refrigeration |
| EP2380942B1 (en) | 2006-03-03 | 2016-10-19 | Rpl Holdings Limited | Refrigerant composition |
| PT2013309E (en) | 2006-03-03 | 2014-12-03 | Rpl Holdings Ltd | Refrigerant composition |
| GB0922288D0 (en) | 2009-12-21 | 2010-02-03 | Rpl Holdings Ltd | Non ozone depleting and low global warming potential refrigerants for refrigeration |
| JP2015214632A (en) * | 2014-05-09 | 2015-12-03 | パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 | Mixed refrigerant |
| GB201505230D0 (en) | 2015-03-27 | 2015-05-13 | Rpl Holdings Ltd | Non ozone depleting and low global warming refrigerant blends |
| CA3083569A1 (en) | 2017-11-27 | 2019-05-31 | Rpl Holdings Limited | Low gwp refrigerant blends |
| JP2023546463A (en) | 2020-10-22 | 2023-11-02 | アールピーエル ホールディングス リミテッド | heat pump refrigerant |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU1642192A (en) * | 1991-03-18 | 1992-10-21 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Non-azeotropic refrigerant compositions comprising difluoromethane; 1,1,1-trifluoroethane; or propane |
| DE4116274C2 (en) * | 1991-05-17 | 1998-03-19 | Forschungszentrum Fuer Kaeltet | Refrigerant |
| FR2694764B1 (en) * | 1992-08-12 | 1994-10-07 | Atochem Elf Sa | Pseudo-azeotropic mixtures of difluoromethane, pentafluoroethane and 1,1,1-trifluoroethane, and their application as refrigerants in low temperature refrigeration. |
-
1995
- 1995-08-18 GB GBGB9516920.7A patent/GB9516920D0/en active Pending
-
1996
- 1996-08-12 WO PCT/GB1996/001955 patent/WO1997007179A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-08-12 CA CA 2227857 patent/CA2227857A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-08-12 AU AU67076/96A patent/AU6707696A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-08-12 EP EP96927146A patent/EP0845019A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-08-12 JP JP9509029A patent/JPH11511190A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU6707696A (en) | 1997-03-12 |
| EP0845019A1 (en) | 1998-06-03 |
| WO1997007179A1 (en) | 1997-02-27 |
| GB9516920D0 (en) | 1995-10-18 |
| JPH11511190A (en) | 1999-09-28 |
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