CA2225815A1 - High-temperature fuel cell system and a method for its operation - Google Patents
High-temperature fuel cell system and a method for its operation Download PDFInfo
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- CA2225815A1 CA2225815A1 CA002225815A CA2225815A CA2225815A1 CA 2225815 A1 CA2225815 A1 CA 2225815A1 CA 002225815 A CA002225815 A CA 002225815A CA 2225815 A CA2225815 A CA 2225815A CA 2225815 A1 CA2225815 A1 CA 2225815A1
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- fuel cell
- temperature fuel
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- heating element
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/14—Fuel cells with fused electrolytes
- H01M2008/147—Fuel cells with molten carbonates
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0048—Molten electrolytes used at high temperature
- H01M2300/0051—Carbonates
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
- H01M2300/0071—Oxides
- H01M2300/0074—Ion conductive at high temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
- H01M8/04022—Heating by combustion
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/247—Arrangements for tightening a stack, for accommodation of a stack in a tank or for assembling different tanks
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention concerns a high-temperature fuel cell installation (2) having at least one high-temperature fuel cell block (4) heated by at least one electric heating element (12, 14). The heating element (12, 14) is disposed outside the high-temperature fuel cell block (4). As a result of this measure, the fuel cells are neither fouled nor damaged.
Description
CA 0222~81~ 1997-12-24 ., GR 95 P 3472 P ~ ~ L
~J~ t. . ..
Description High-temperature fuel cell system and a method for its operation The invention relates to a high-temperature fuel cell system, and to a method for its operation.
It is known that, during the electrolysis of water, the water molecules are decomposed by electrical current into hydrogen and oxygen. In the fuel cell, this process takes place in the opposite direction. When hydrogen and oxygen are electrochemically combined to form water, electric current is produced, with high efficiency and - if pure hydrogen is used as the combustion gas - without any emission of hazardous materials or carbon dioxide. Even with technical combustion gases, for example natural gas or coal gas, and with air or air enriched with ~2 instead of pure oxygen, a fuel cell produces considerably fewer hazardous materials and less CO2 than other energy producers which operate with fossil energy sources. The technical implementation of the principle of the fuel cell has led to widely different solutions, to be precise with various types of electrolyte and with operating temperatures To between 80~C and 1000~C. Fuel cells are split on the basis of their operating temperature To into low, medium and high-temperature fuel cells, which in turn are distinguished by various technical configurations.
In the case of the high-temperature fuel cell (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, SOFC), for example, natural gas is used as the primary energy source. The very compact structure allows a power density of 1 MW/m3. The operating temperatures To are above 900~C.
CA 0222~81~ 1997-12-24 A fuel cell block, which is also called a "stack"
in the specialist literature, is, as a rule, composed of a large number of fuel cells of planar construction and stacked one above the other.
In order to operate a fuel cell system comprising at least one fuel cell block at a high, constant operating temperature To of, for example, more than 900~C, it must be supplied with heat before operation in order to reach the operating temperature To~ and must be supplied with heat in order to maintain the required operating temperature To during brief breaks in operation. Present-day fuel cell blocks have relatively low power levels and have dimensions on a laboratory scale. A furnace is used to raise them to the operating temperature To of about 600~C for MCFC (Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell) or about 950~C for SOFC, and are operated in the furnace. This solution is impracticable for fuel cell blocks with higher power levels and larger dimensions.
"A Study for a 200 kWe-System for Power and Heat", by M. R. Taylor, D. S. Beishon, Symposium Report "First European Solid Oxid Fuel Cell Forum", Lucerne 1994, pages 849 to 864, discloses a method which passes power-plant gas through the fuel cell block in order to heat it. This method is disadvantageous since the power-plant gas pollutes or damages the fuel cells of which thefuel cell block is composed.
DE 42 23 291 Al discloses a fuel cell system unit which comprises a cell stack composed of a large number of individual fuel cells. When operation starts, an apparatus for raising the temperature, which is arranged outside the fuel cell system unit, heats water passing through the fuel cell system unit, as CA 0222~81~ 1997-12-24 a result of which the individual fuel cells are preheated to a predetermined temperature.
DE 40 37 970 A1 discloses a method in which a consumable equipment for the fuel cell stack is heated by 5 a hot exhaust gas from a fuel cell stack. Such a method is also disclosed in EP 0 654 838 A1.
The invention is now based on the object of specifying a high-temperature fuel cell system in which the high-temperature fuel cells are not polluted or 10 damaged during heating. In addition, it is intended to specify a method for operation of such a high-temperature fuel cell system.
The first-mentioned object is achieved by a high-temperature fuel cell system having at least one high-15 temperature fuel cell block, for heating of which atleast one electrical heating element is provided, the heating element being arranged outside the high-temperature fuel cell block.
The second-mentioned object is achieved by a 20 method for operating a high-temperature fuel cell system having at least one high-temperature fuel cell block, the high-temperature fuel cell block being heated from the outside by at least one electrical heating element.
The use of the electrical heating element ensures 25 good temperature regulation.
The electrical heating element is preferably arranged inside a high-temperature fuel cell container having thermal CA 0222~81~ 1997-12-24 . .
insulation. In consequence, only a small amount of heat is emitted into the environment from the high-temperature fuel cell container.
In particular, the intermediate space between the S heating element and the high-temperature fuel cell block is filled by thermally conductive material. The heat transfer between the electrical heating element and the high-temperature fuel cell block is particularly good as a result of this. The heating element can, of course, also be fitted closely against the outer wall of the fuel cell block.
In the case of the method for operating the high-temperature fuel cell system, the high-temperature fuel cell block is, according to the invention, heated by at least one electrical heating element. The electrical heating element in this case heats the high-temperature fuel cell block independently of the heat produced during the reaction process. Thus no power-plant gas is used for heating. In consequence, there is no pollution or damage to the high-temperature fuel cells caused by the effects of power-plant gas. The high-temperature fuel cell block is not heated in a special furnace, that is to say the method can be applied to any required configuration of high-temperature fuel cell blocks. The method is thus independent of the power levels and dimensions of the high-temperature fuel cell blocks, and is thus likewise independent of the dimensions of the high-temperature fuel cell system.
The high-temperature fuel cell block is preferably heated from an initial temperature to the required operating temperature To~ No consumables, for example hydrogen H2 or oxygen ~2, are required for heating. In consequence, costs for consumables during the CA 0222~81~ 1997-12-24 heating of the high-temperature fuel cell block are saved.
In particular, the high-temperature fuel cell block is kept at the required operating temperature To~
An electrical control loop can be provided for this purpose. In consequence, power fluctuations resulting from fluctuations in the operating temperature To are compensated for or avoided. After relatively short breaks in operation, the high-temperature fuel cell block no longer needs to be raised to the required operating temperature To again, as a result of which costs for consumables as well as time are saved.
For the further explanation of the invention, reference is made to the exemplary embodiment in the drawing, the single figure of which illustrates, schematically, a high-temperature fuel cell system.
According to the figure, a high-temperature fuel cell system 2 comprises a high-temperature fuel cell block 4, which is split into an anode part 6 with anode gas areas which are not illustrated further, and a cathode part 8 with cathode gas areas which are not illustrated further. The high-temperature fuel cell block 4 is composed of a large number of high-temperature fuel cells which are of planar construction and are not illustrated further, as are known, for example, from German Patent P 39 35 722.8. The output of the high-temperature fuel cell block 4 is connected to an invertor 16, which converts the direct current produced by the high-temperature fuel cell block 4 into alternating current for an electrical power system, which is not illustrated further here.
The high-temperature fuel cell block 4 is arranged on the inner walls of a high-temperature fuel cell container 10 having thermal CA 0222~81~ 1997-12-24 :
insulation 9. In addition, two electrical heating elements 12, 14 are in each case arranged in the interior 11 of the high-temperature fuel cell container 10, outside the high-temperature fuel cell block 4. They are located on two opposite walls. Otherwise, the intermediate space between the fuel cell block 4 and the [lacuna] and the heating elements 12, 14 is filled with thermally conductive material 13, 15. The heat transfer between the electrical heating elements 12, 14 and the high-temperature fuel cell block 4 is improved by the thermally conductive material 13, 15.
The electrical heating elements 12, 14 are in thermal contact with the high-temperature fuel cell block 4. No power-plant gas is required here for heating. In consequence, there is no pollution of or damage to the high-temperature fuel cells because of the effects of power-plant gas. The method can be applied to any required configuration of high-temperature fuel cell blocks. It is thus independent of the power levels and the dimensions of the fuel cell blocks, and thus likewise independent of the dimensions of the fuel cell system 2.
By means of this method, the high-temperature fuel cell block 4 is heated to its operating temperature To~ or is held at this temperature during brief breaks in operation. The temperature T of the high-temperature fuel cell block 4 is regulated for this purpose. The temperature T as the controlled variable is in this case detected continuously by a temperature sensor 62 which is fitted closely against an outer wall of the high-temperature fuel cell block 4, and is connected via anelectrical signal line 60 to a regulation unit 54. The operating temperature To is made available as the reference variable to the regulation unit 54 by a set value transmitter 56, via an electrical signal line 58.
CA 0222~81~ 1997-12-24 The controlled variable T is continuously compared with the reference variable To in the regulation unit 54. The electrical heating elements 12, 14 are heated as appropriate via the electrical cables 50, 52, for the purpose of matching to the reference variable To~
The cathode part 8 is allocated a cathode system 20, which comprises an inlet path 22 and an outlet path 24. The process gas for the cathode part 8, for example oxygen ~2, iS fed via the inlet path 22 with a compressor 26 into the high-temperature fuel cell block 4. After the reaction, the process gas is removed via the outlet path 24. The inlet path 22 has a first heat exchanger 28 arranged in it, in which the process exhaust gas heats the process gas being supplied for the cathode part 8.
After leaving the first heat exchanger 28, the process exhaust gas from the cathode part 8 is passed via the outlet path 24 to a device 38 for processing the residual gases. From this device 38, the processed gases are passed out via an exhaust line 40 for further use.
The anode part 6 is assigned an anode system 30 which comprises an inlet path 32 and an outlet path 34.
The process gas for the anode part 6, for example hydrogen H2, is passed via the inlet path 32. The inlet path 32 has a second heat exchanger 36 arranged in it, in which the process exhaust gas removed from the anode part 6 via the outlet path 34 heats the process gas being supplied to the anode part 6. The outlet path 34 opens into the device 38 for processing the residual gases.
Alternatively, process gases for operation of the high-temperature fuel cell system 2, for example combustion gas and reaction vapor, can be fed into the inlet path 32 via supply lines 42 and 44 and a mixer 46.
~J~ t. . ..
Description High-temperature fuel cell system and a method for its operation The invention relates to a high-temperature fuel cell system, and to a method for its operation.
It is known that, during the electrolysis of water, the water molecules are decomposed by electrical current into hydrogen and oxygen. In the fuel cell, this process takes place in the opposite direction. When hydrogen and oxygen are electrochemically combined to form water, electric current is produced, with high efficiency and - if pure hydrogen is used as the combustion gas - without any emission of hazardous materials or carbon dioxide. Even with technical combustion gases, for example natural gas or coal gas, and with air or air enriched with ~2 instead of pure oxygen, a fuel cell produces considerably fewer hazardous materials and less CO2 than other energy producers which operate with fossil energy sources. The technical implementation of the principle of the fuel cell has led to widely different solutions, to be precise with various types of electrolyte and with operating temperatures To between 80~C and 1000~C. Fuel cells are split on the basis of their operating temperature To into low, medium and high-temperature fuel cells, which in turn are distinguished by various technical configurations.
In the case of the high-temperature fuel cell (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, SOFC), for example, natural gas is used as the primary energy source. The very compact structure allows a power density of 1 MW/m3. The operating temperatures To are above 900~C.
CA 0222~81~ 1997-12-24 A fuel cell block, which is also called a "stack"
in the specialist literature, is, as a rule, composed of a large number of fuel cells of planar construction and stacked one above the other.
In order to operate a fuel cell system comprising at least one fuel cell block at a high, constant operating temperature To of, for example, more than 900~C, it must be supplied with heat before operation in order to reach the operating temperature To~ and must be supplied with heat in order to maintain the required operating temperature To during brief breaks in operation. Present-day fuel cell blocks have relatively low power levels and have dimensions on a laboratory scale. A furnace is used to raise them to the operating temperature To of about 600~C for MCFC (Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell) or about 950~C for SOFC, and are operated in the furnace. This solution is impracticable for fuel cell blocks with higher power levels and larger dimensions.
"A Study for a 200 kWe-System for Power and Heat", by M. R. Taylor, D. S. Beishon, Symposium Report "First European Solid Oxid Fuel Cell Forum", Lucerne 1994, pages 849 to 864, discloses a method which passes power-plant gas through the fuel cell block in order to heat it. This method is disadvantageous since the power-plant gas pollutes or damages the fuel cells of which thefuel cell block is composed.
DE 42 23 291 Al discloses a fuel cell system unit which comprises a cell stack composed of a large number of individual fuel cells. When operation starts, an apparatus for raising the temperature, which is arranged outside the fuel cell system unit, heats water passing through the fuel cell system unit, as CA 0222~81~ 1997-12-24 a result of which the individual fuel cells are preheated to a predetermined temperature.
DE 40 37 970 A1 discloses a method in which a consumable equipment for the fuel cell stack is heated by 5 a hot exhaust gas from a fuel cell stack. Such a method is also disclosed in EP 0 654 838 A1.
The invention is now based on the object of specifying a high-temperature fuel cell system in which the high-temperature fuel cells are not polluted or 10 damaged during heating. In addition, it is intended to specify a method for operation of such a high-temperature fuel cell system.
The first-mentioned object is achieved by a high-temperature fuel cell system having at least one high-15 temperature fuel cell block, for heating of which atleast one electrical heating element is provided, the heating element being arranged outside the high-temperature fuel cell block.
The second-mentioned object is achieved by a 20 method for operating a high-temperature fuel cell system having at least one high-temperature fuel cell block, the high-temperature fuel cell block being heated from the outside by at least one electrical heating element.
The use of the electrical heating element ensures 25 good temperature regulation.
The electrical heating element is preferably arranged inside a high-temperature fuel cell container having thermal CA 0222~81~ 1997-12-24 . .
insulation. In consequence, only a small amount of heat is emitted into the environment from the high-temperature fuel cell container.
In particular, the intermediate space between the S heating element and the high-temperature fuel cell block is filled by thermally conductive material. The heat transfer between the electrical heating element and the high-temperature fuel cell block is particularly good as a result of this. The heating element can, of course, also be fitted closely against the outer wall of the fuel cell block.
In the case of the method for operating the high-temperature fuel cell system, the high-temperature fuel cell block is, according to the invention, heated by at least one electrical heating element. The electrical heating element in this case heats the high-temperature fuel cell block independently of the heat produced during the reaction process. Thus no power-plant gas is used for heating. In consequence, there is no pollution or damage to the high-temperature fuel cells caused by the effects of power-plant gas. The high-temperature fuel cell block is not heated in a special furnace, that is to say the method can be applied to any required configuration of high-temperature fuel cell blocks. The method is thus independent of the power levels and dimensions of the high-temperature fuel cell blocks, and is thus likewise independent of the dimensions of the high-temperature fuel cell system.
The high-temperature fuel cell block is preferably heated from an initial temperature to the required operating temperature To~ No consumables, for example hydrogen H2 or oxygen ~2, are required for heating. In consequence, costs for consumables during the CA 0222~81~ 1997-12-24 heating of the high-temperature fuel cell block are saved.
In particular, the high-temperature fuel cell block is kept at the required operating temperature To~
An electrical control loop can be provided for this purpose. In consequence, power fluctuations resulting from fluctuations in the operating temperature To are compensated for or avoided. After relatively short breaks in operation, the high-temperature fuel cell block no longer needs to be raised to the required operating temperature To again, as a result of which costs for consumables as well as time are saved.
For the further explanation of the invention, reference is made to the exemplary embodiment in the drawing, the single figure of which illustrates, schematically, a high-temperature fuel cell system.
According to the figure, a high-temperature fuel cell system 2 comprises a high-temperature fuel cell block 4, which is split into an anode part 6 with anode gas areas which are not illustrated further, and a cathode part 8 with cathode gas areas which are not illustrated further. The high-temperature fuel cell block 4 is composed of a large number of high-temperature fuel cells which are of planar construction and are not illustrated further, as are known, for example, from German Patent P 39 35 722.8. The output of the high-temperature fuel cell block 4 is connected to an invertor 16, which converts the direct current produced by the high-temperature fuel cell block 4 into alternating current for an electrical power system, which is not illustrated further here.
The high-temperature fuel cell block 4 is arranged on the inner walls of a high-temperature fuel cell container 10 having thermal CA 0222~81~ 1997-12-24 :
insulation 9. In addition, two electrical heating elements 12, 14 are in each case arranged in the interior 11 of the high-temperature fuel cell container 10, outside the high-temperature fuel cell block 4. They are located on two opposite walls. Otherwise, the intermediate space between the fuel cell block 4 and the [lacuna] and the heating elements 12, 14 is filled with thermally conductive material 13, 15. The heat transfer between the electrical heating elements 12, 14 and the high-temperature fuel cell block 4 is improved by the thermally conductive material 13, 15.
The electrical heating elements 12, 14 are in thermal contact with the high-temperature fuel cell block 4. No power-plant gas is required here for heating. In consequence, there is no pollution of or damage to the high-temperature fuel cells because of the effects of power-plant gas. The method can be applied to any required configuration of high-temperature fuel cell blocks. It is thus independent of the power levels and the dimensions of the fuel cell blocks, and thus likewise independent of the dimensions of the fuel cell system 2.
By means of this method, the high-temperature fuel cell block 4 is heated to its operating temperature To~ or is held at this temperature during brief breaks in operation. The temperature T of the high-temperature fuel cell block 4 is regulated for this purpose. The temperature T as the controlled variable is in this case detected continuously by a temperature sensor 62 which is fitted closely against an outer wall of the high-temperature fuel cell block 4, and is connected via anelectrical signal line 60 to a regulation unit 54. The operating temperature To is made available as the reference variable to the regulation unit 54 by a set value transmitter 56, via an electrical signal line 58.
CA 0222~81~ 1997-12-24 The controlled variable T is continuously compared with the reference variable To in the regulation unit 54. The electrical heating elements 12, 14 are heated as appropriate via the electrical cables 50, 52, for the purpose of matching to the reference variable To~
The cathode part 8 is allocated a cathode system 20, which comprises an inlet path 22 and an outlet path 24. The process gas for the cathode part 8, for example oxygen ~2, iS fed via the inlet path 22 with a compressor 26 into the high-temperature fuel cell block 4. After the reaction, the process gas is removed via the outlet path 24. The inlet path 22 has a first heat exchanger 28 arranged in it, in which the process exhaust gas heats the process gas being supplied for the cathode part 8.
After leaving the first heat exchanger 28, the process exhaust gas from the cathode part 8 is passed via the outlet path 24 to a device 38 for processing the residual gases. From this device 38, the processed gases are passed out via an exhaust line 40 for further use.
The anode part 6 is assigned an anode system 30 which comprises an inlet path 32 and an outlet path 34.
The process gas for the anode part 6, for example hydrogen H2, is passed via the inlet path 32. The inlet path 32 has a second heat exchanger 36 arranged in it, in which the process exhaust gas removed from the anode part 6 via the outlet path 34 heats the process gas being supplied to the anode part 6. The outlet path 34 opens into the device 38 for processing the residual gases.
Alternatively, process gases for operation of the high-temperature fuel cell system 2, for example combustion gas and reaction vapor, can be fed into the inlet path 32 via supply lines 42 and 44 and a mixer 46.
Claims (6)
1. A high-temperature fuel cell system (2) having at least one high-temperature fuel cell block (4), for heating of which at least one electrical heating element (12, 14) is provided, the heating element (12, 14) being arranged outside the high-temperature fuel cell block (4).
2. The high-temperature fuel cell system (2) as claimed in claim 1, in which the electrical heating element (12,14) is arranged inside a high-temperature fuel cell container (10) having thermal insulation (9).
3. The high-temperature fuel cell system (2) as claimed in claim 1 or 2, in which the intermediate space between the heating element (12,14) and the high-temperature fuel cell block (4) is filled by thermally conductive material (13,15).
4. A method for operating a high-temperature fuel cell system (2) having at least one high-temperature fuel cell block (4), the high-temperature fuel cell block (4) being heated from the outside by at least one electrical heating element (12, 14).
5. The method as claimed in claim 4, in which the high-temperature fuel cell block (4) is heated to its operating temperature T0.
6. The method as claimed in claim 4, in which the high-temperature fuel cell block (4) is kept at its operating temperature T0.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19523973A DE19523973C1 (en) | 1995-06-30 | 1995-06-30 | High-temperature fuel cell system and method for its operation |
| DE19523973.3 | 1995-06-30 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2225815A1 true CA2225815A1 (en) | 1997-01-23 |
Family
ID=7765751
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002225815A Abandoned CA2225815A1 (en) | 1995-06-30 | 1996-06-25 | High-temperature fuel cell system and a method for its operation |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0835530B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH11508725A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE187580T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU700724B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2225815A1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE19523973C1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0835530T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2141508T3 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1997002614A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6124050A (en) * | 1996-05-07 | 2000-09-26 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Process for operating a high temperature fuel cell installation, and high temperature fuel cell installation |
| DE19637207C2 (en) * | 1996-09-12 | 1998-07-02 | Siemens Ag | Power generation plant and method |
| EP0926755B1 (en) * | 1997-11-25 | 2002-06-05 | Sulzer Hexis AG | Fuel cell modular arrangement with integral additional heating |
| JP2002540585A (en) * | 1999-03-29 | 2002-11-26 | シーメンス アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト | Fuel cell with heating element and improved cold start performance and cold start method for fuel cell |
| DE19922922A1 (en) * | 1999-05-19 | 2000-11-23 | Siemens Ag | High temperature membrane (HTM) fuel cell for HTM fuel cell battery |
| DE19943690C2 (en) * | 1999-09-06 | 2001-08-02 | Mannesmann Ag | Fuel cell system for operating an electrical machine and method for starting a fuel cell system |
| GB2424991B (en) * | 2004-02-12 | 2007-10-17 | Avl List Gmbh | Device & Method For Determining The Operating Parameters Of Individual Cells Or Short Stacks Of Fuel Cells |
| DE102007028299A1 (en) * | 2007-06-20 | 2008-12-24 | Daimler Ag | Fuel cell assembly with vented fuel cell housing |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL107965C (en) * | 1957-09-12 | |||
| DE1496128A1 (en) * | 1963-04-20 | 1969-06-12 | Roosen Dr Ing R | Method and arrangement for heating electrochemical fuel elements |
| DE1496346A1 (en) * | 1965-12-29 | 1969-05-14 | Varta Ag | Method for heating fuel batteries |
| FR1585403A (en) * | 1968-04-19 | 1970-01-23 | ||
| US3718506A (en) * | 1971-02-22 | 1973-02-27 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Fuel cell system for reacting hydrocarbons |
| JPS59209280A (en) * | 1983-05-13 | 1984-11-27 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Molten salt fuel cell |
| JPS6261276A (en) * | 1985-09-12 | 1987-03-17 | Inoue Japax Res Inc | Energy supply device |
| JPS62122073A (en) * | 1985-11-22 | 1987-06-03 | Hitachi Ltd | Fuel cell accommodation tank |
| JPS63168972A (en) * | 1986-12-29 | 1988-07-12 | Hitachi Ltd | Fuel cell |
| DE3935722A1 (en) * | 1989-10-26 | 1991-05-02 | Siemens Ag | High-temp. fuel cell module contg. solid electrolyte - allows gas distribution via channels in frames around bipolar coated zirconia plates with separate sealing surfaces |
| DE4037970A1 (en) * | 1989-12-21 | 1991-06-27 | Asea Brown Boveri | Automatic start-up of high-temp. hydrocarbon fuel cells - involves preheating of fuel and air by combustion with natural convection assistance in afterburner above stack |
| JPH0828230B2 (en) * | 1990-04-23 | 1996-03-21 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Fuel cell operating method and power generation system thereof |
| JPH0521084A (en) * | 1991-07-17 | 1993-01-29 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | Unit assembly fuel cell power generation system |
| EP0654838A1 (en) * | 1993-11-24 | 1995-05-24 | Sulzer Innotec Ag | Device comprising high-temperature fuel cells and method of starting said device |
| FI110218B (en) * | 1993-12-30 | 2002-12-13 | Fortum Oil & Gas Oy | Methods and apparatus for preventing electrochemical devices from cooling |
-
1995
- 1995-06-30 DE DE19523973A patent/DE19523973C1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-06-25 ES ES96918609T patent/ES2141508T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-25 JP JP9504699A patent/JPH11508725A/en active Pending
- 1996-06-25 CA CA002225815A patent/CA2225815A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-06-25 AT AT96918609T patent/ATE187580T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-06-25 EP EP96918609A patent/EP0835530B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-25 DE DE59603873T patent/DE59603873D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-06-25 DK DK96918609T patent/DK0835530T3/en active
- 1996-06-25 AU AU61212/96A patent/AU700724B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-06-25 WO PCT/DE1996/001116 patent/WO1997002614A1/en active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1997002614A1 (en) | 1997-01-23 |
| DK0835530T3 (en) | 2000-05-29 |
| JPH11508725A (en) | 1999-07-27 |
| DE59603873D1 (en) | 2000-01-13 |
| EP0835530A1 (en) | 1998-04-15 |
| AU700724B2 (en) | 1999-01-14 |
| DE19523973C1 (en) | 1996-12-19 |
| EP0835530B1 (en) | 1999-12-08 |
| ES2141508T3 (en) | 2000-03-16 |
| AU6121296A (en) | 1997-02-05 |
| ATE187580T1 (en) | 1999-12-15 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |