DE1496346A1 - Method for heating fuel batteries - Google Patents
Method for heating fuel batteriesInfo
- Publication number
- DE1496346A1 DE1496346A1 DE19651496346 DE1496346A DE1496346A1 DE 1496346 A1 DE1496346 A1 DE 1496346A1 DE 19651496346 DE19651496346 DE 19651496346 DE 1496346 A DE1496346 A DE 1496346A DE 1496346 A1 DE1496346 A1 DE 1496346A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- reaction
- heating
- fuel
- battery
- heat
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/22—Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elements; Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/08—Fuel cells with aqueous electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04276—Arrangements for managing the electrolyte stream, e.g. heat exchange
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Description
Verfahren zur Aufheizung von Brennstoffbatterien. Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur Aufheizung von Brennstoffbatterien auf die Betriebstemperatur.Process for heating fuel batteries. Subject of the invention is a process for heating fuel batteries to operating temperature.
Bei tiefen Umgebungstemperaturen kühlt die Brennstoffbatterie stark ab, wenn sie über'-einen längeren Zeitraum nicht belastet wird.'Sie muß daher bei der Inbetriebnahme möglichst schnell äqf die Betriebstemperatur aufgeheizt werden, bei welcher sie ihre' volle Leistung abgibt.The fuel battery cools down considerably at low ambient temperatures if it is not burdened for a longer period of time. It must therefore be at heating up as quickly as possible to the operating temperature before commissioning, at which she gives her 'full power.
Fremde Energiequellen, welche die-notwendige Energie .zum . Aufheizen der Brennstoffbatterie liefern, stehen oft nicht zur Verfügung. Es ergab sich daher die Aufgabe, ein Verfahren zu finden, das eine schnelle Aufheizung von Brennstoffbatterien ermöglicht ohne die Verwendung zusätzlicher Vorrichtungen.-Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß während der Aufheizzeit die notwendige Wärmemenge in dem.Brennstoff-. element durch die Verlustwärme der Reaktiotr zwischen einem .Brennstoff und einem Oxidationsmittel 1.- wobei die Reaktion eine höhere Reaktionsenthalpie besitzt als die -Reaktion zwischen dem nach dem Aufheizen verwendeten Brennstoff .und Oxidationamittelf Besonders vorteilhaft für die Aufheizung einer Wasserstoff-Sauerstoff-Batterie ist ein Verfahren, bei dem als Betriebsstoffe mit höherer Reaktionsenthalpie der Gasseite der Wasserstoffelektrode Hydrazin und der Gasseite der Sauerstoffelektrode-Wasserstoffperoxid zugeführt wird.Foreign energy sources that provide the necessary energy. Heating up the fuel battery are often not available. The object was therefore to find a method which enables the rapid heating of fuel batteries without the use of additional devices. According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the necessary amount of heat in the fuel. element by the heat loss of the Reaktiotr between a .fuel and an oxidizing agent 1.- whereby the reaction has a higher enthalpy of reaction than the -reaction between the fuel used after heating .and Oxidationamittelf Particularly advantageous for heating a hydrogen-oxygen battery is a Process in which hydrazine is supplied to the gas side of the hydrogen electrode and hydrogen peroxide is supplied to the gas side of the oxygen electrode as operating materials with a higher reaction enthalpy.
Die höhere Reaktionsenthalpie H der nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren während der ku$ieizzeit eingebrachten Betriebsstoffe wird zumindest teilweise als Verlustwärme im Elektrolyten frei und bewirkt die Erwärmung des Brennstoffelementes.The higher enthalpy of reaction The operating materials introduced during the cooling time according to the method according to the invention are at least partially released as heat loss in the electrolyte and cause the fuel element to be heated.
Die nachstehende Tabelle enthält dieheaktionsenthalpie
H des Umsatzes von Wasserstoff und Sauerstoff. Außerdem sind noch für die Brennstoffe
Hydrazin, Natriumboranatt Hydroxylamin und Formaldehyd, welche beispielsweise,-für
das Verfahren verwendet werden können,- die Reaktionsgleichungen und -enthalpien
für die Reaktion mit dem Oxidationsmittel Wasserstoffperoxid angegeben. Die Enthalpiewerte
sind bezogen auf die Zahl der Grammmole entsprechend den Reaktionsgleichungen.
. 1.) Die Reaktionspartner werden an der Anode bzw. 'an der Kathode des Brennstoffelementes umgesetzt.. 1.) The reactants are at the anode or 'on the cathode of the fuel element implemented.
2.) Die Reaktionsenthalpie der Aufheizreaktion ist größer als die Enthalpie der Knallgasreaktion.2.) The enthalpy of reaction of the heating reaction is greater than that Enthalpy of the oxyhydrogen reaction.
3.) Die an der Aufheizreaktion beteiligten Stoffe haben keine aggressive oder .vergiftende Wirkung auf die Elektroden. Beispiel: Eine Wasserstoff-Bauerstoff-Batterie bestehend aus zehn .Brenn#-Stoffelementen wurde durch einen Verbraucher mit einem Widerstand von 3,4 Ohm belastet. Als Elektrolyt wurde wässrige 6-n KOH-Lösung verwendet.3.) The substances involved in the heating reaction have no aggressive or poisoning effect on the electrodes. Example: A hydrogen-based battery consisting of ten fuel elements was loaded by a consumer with a resistance of 3.4 ohms. Aqueous 6N KOH solution was used as the electrolyte.
Bei einer Betriebstemperatur von 600C betrug die Klemmenspannung bei einer Stromstärke von 2,5 A oder einer Stromdichte von 50 mA/cm 2 0,85 V für das Einzelelement. Die Batterie hatte somit eine Leistung von P - 21,25 w.At an operating temperature of 600C, the terminal voltage at a current strength of 2.5 A or a current density of 50 mA / cm 2 was 0.85 V for the individual element. The battery thus had an output of P - 21.25 w.
Bei einer Temperatur von sank die Batteriespannung bei einer Stromstärke von 1,125 A (Stromdichte i - 22,5 mA/cm2) von 8,5 V auf 3,85 V ab: Die Batterie gab also nur noch eine Leistung von ca. 4,3 W, d.h. weniger als ein Viertel der Nennleistung ab.At a temperature of the battery voltage sank at a current strength of 1.125 A (current density i - 22.5 mA / cm2) from 8.5 V to 3.85 V: The battery only gave an output of approx. 4.3 W, ie less than a quarter of the nominal power.
..Die Kurve 1 der Abbildung zeigt, wie sich innerhalb-der ersten
Betriebsstunde
die Leistung der Batterie dadurch erhöht, daß
Die größere Leistungsabgabe der Batterie nach einer vorgegebenen Aufheizzeit, welche durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ermöglicht wird, kann noch für eine zusätzliche Beschleunigung des Aufheizvorganges verwendet werden. Die-von der Batterie abgegebene Leistung wird in diesem Falle während des Aufheizens zum Betrieb einer elektrischen Heizvorrichtung verwendet. Die Heizvorrichtung kann als Heizwiderstand auch anstelle der üblichen Widerstandsdrähte aus einem dünnen langen Elektrolytkanal bestehen, welcher beispielsweise die Elektrolyträume des ersten und dos letzten Elementes einer Anzahl in Serie geschalteter .Elemente verbindet und dadurch von einem Verluststrom durchflossen wird. ' Als Heizwiderstand können auch eine oder mehrere Elektroden der Batterie verwendet werden. Die Elektrode wird. dann als Stromverbraucher geschaltet und erwärmt sich dadurch, daß ein Mehrfaches der im normalen Betrieb durch die Elektrode fließenden Strommenge eine beträchtliche Stromwärme erzeugt. Die gesamte Reaktionsenthalpie kann nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren auch dadurch zum schnellen Aufheizen verwendet werden, daß man die beiden Reaktionsstoffe unmittelbar im Elektrolyten chemisch miteinander reagieren läßt.The greater power output of the battery after a predetermined heating-up time, which is made possible by the method according to the invention, can also be used for an additional acceleration of the heating-up process. In this case, the power output by the battery is used to operate an electrical heating device during the heating process. As a heating resistor, instead of the usual resistance wires, the heating device can consist of a thin, long electrolyte channel which, for example, connects the electrolyte chambers of the first and last element of a number of series-connected elements and is thus traversed by a leakage current . One or more electrodes of the battery can also be used as a heating resistor. The electrode will. then switched as a current consumer and is heated by the fact that a multiple of the amount of current flowing through the electrode during normal operation generates a considerable amount of current heat. The entire enthalpy of reaction can also be used for rapid heating in the process according to the invention by allowing the two reactants to react chemically with one another directly in the electrolyte.
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEV0030056 | 1965-12-29 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE1496346A1 true DE1496346A1 (en) | 1969-05-14 |
Family
ID=7585372
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19651496346 Pending DE1496346A1 (en) | 1965-12-29 | 1965-12-29 | Method for heating fuel batteries |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE1496346A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1995018469A1 (en) * | 1993-12-30 | 1995-07-06 | Neste Oy | Method and equipement for prevention of cooling of electrochemical devices |
WO1997002614A1 (en) * | 1995-06-30 | 1997-01-23 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | High-temperature fuel cell installation and process for its operation |
US5942344A (en) * | 1995-06-30 | 1999-08-24 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | High-temperature fuel cell system and method for its operation |
-
1965
- 1965-12-29 DE DE19651496346 patent/DE1496346A1/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1995018469A1 (en) * | 1993-12-30 | 1995-07-06 | Neste Oy | Method and equipement for prevention of cooling of electrochemical devices |
US5789092A (en) * | 1993-12-30 | 1998-08-04 | Neste Oy | Method and equipment for prevention of cooling of electrochemical devices |
WO1997002614A1 (en) * | 1995-06-30 | 1997-01-23 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | High-temperature fuel cell installation and process for its operation |
US5942344A (en) * | 1995-06-30 | 1999-08-24 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | High-temperature fuel cell system and method for its operation |
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