AU700724B2 - High-temperature fuel cell system and a method for its operation - Google Patents

High-temperature fuel cell system and a method for its operation Download PDF

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Publication number
AU700724B2
AU700724B2 AU61212/96A AU6121296A AU700724B2 AU 700724 B2 AU700724 B2 AU 700724B2 AU 61212/96 A AU61212/96 A AU 61212/96A AU 6121296 A AU6121296 A AU 6121296A AU 700724 B2 AU700724 B2 AU 700724B2
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Australia
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
temperature fuel
temperature
cell block
heating element
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Ceased
Application number
AU61212/96A
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AU6121296A (en
Inventor
Jurgen Lehmeier
Kurt Reiter
Gerald Stief
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Publication of AU6121296A publication Critical patent/AU6121296A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of AU700724B2 publication Critical patent/AU700724B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/14—Fuel cells with fused electrolytes
    • H01M2008/147—Fuel cells with molten carbonates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0048—Molten electrolytes used at high temperature
    • H01M2300/0051—Carbonates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
    • H01M2300/0071—Oxides
    • H01M2300/0074—Ion conductive at high temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
    • H01M8/04022—Heating by combustion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
    • H01M8/247—Arrangements for tightening a stack, for accommodation of a stack in a tank or for assembling different tanks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Inert Electrodes (AREA)
  • Hybrid Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a high-temperature fuel cell installation (2) having at least one high-temperature fuel cell block (4) heated by at least one electric heating element (12, 14). The heating element (12, 14) is disposed outside the high-temperature fuel cell block (4). As a result of this measure, the fuel cells are neither fouled nor damaged.

Description

rl*l r*--rrrr Sf GR 95 P 3472 P Description High-temperature fuel cell system and a method for its operation The invention relates to a high-temperature fuel cell system, and to a method for its operation.
It is known that, during the electrolysis of water, the water molecules are decomposed by electrical current into hydrogen and oxygen. In the fuel cell, this process takes place in the opposite direction. When hydrogen and oxygen are electrochemically combined to form water, electric current is produced, with high efficiency and if pure hydrogen is used as the combustion gas without any emission of hazardous materials or carbon dioxide. Even with technical combustion gases, for example natural gas or coal gas, and with air or air enriched with 02 instead of pure oxygen, a fuel cell produces considerably fewer hazardous materials and less CO 2 than other energy producers which operate with fossil energy sources. The technical implementation of the principle of the fuel cell has led to widely different solutions, to be precise with various types of electrolyte and with operating temperatures ,0 between 80 0 C and 1000 0 C. Fuel cells are split on the basis of their operating temperature T o into low, medium and high-temperature fuel cells, which in turn are distinguished by various technical configurations.
In the case of the high-temperature fuel cell (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, SOFC), for example, natural gas is used as the primary energy source. The very compact structure allows a power density of 1 MW/i 3 The operating temperatures T. are above 900 0
C.
~1 I II e~ t GR 95 P 3472 P 2 A fuel cell block, which is also called a "stack" in the specialist literature, is, as a rule, composed of a large number of fuel cells of planar construction and stacked one above the other.
In order to operate a fuel cell system comprising at least one fuel cell block at a high, constant operating temperature T. of, for example, more than 900 0 C, it must be supplied with heat before operation in order to reach the operating temperature and must be supplied with heat in order to maintain the required operating temperature T o during brief breaks in operation. Present-day fuel cell blocks have relatively low power levels and have dimensions on a laboratory scale. A furnace is used to raise them to the operating temperature T o of about 600 0 C for MCFC (Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell) or about 950 0 C for SOFC, and are operated in the furnace. This solution is impracticable for fuel cell blocks with higher power levels and larger dimensions.
"A Study for a 200 kWe-System for Power and Heat", by M. R. Taylor, D. S. Beishon, Symposium Report "First European Solid Oxid Fuel Cell Forum", Lucerne 1994, pages 849 to 864, discloses a method which passes power-plant gas through the fuel cell block in order to heat it. This method is disadvantageous since the powerplant gas pollutes or damages the fuel cells of which the fuel cell block is composed.
DE 42 23 291 Al discloses a fuel cell system unit which comprises a cell stack composed of a large number of individual fuel cells. When operation starts, an apparatus for raising the temperature, which is arranged outside the fuel cell system unit, heats water passing through the fuel cell system unit, as r I 3 a result of which the individual fuel cells are preheated to a predetermined temperature.
DE 40 37 970 Al discloses a method in which a consumable equipment for the fuel cell stack is heated by a hot exhaust gas from a fuel cell stack. Such a method is also disclosed in EP 0 654 838 Al.
The invention is now based on the object of specifying a high-temperature fuel cell system in which the high-temperature fuel cells are not polluted or damaged during heating, In addition, it is intended to specify a method for operation of such a hightemperature fuel cell system.
The first-mentioned object is achieved by a high-temperature fuel cell system lo having at least one high-temperature fuel cell block, for heating of which at least one electrical heating element is provided, the heating element being arranged outside the high-temperature fuel cell block and wherein the intermediate space between the heating element and the high-temperature fuel cell block is filled by thermally conductive material.
The second-mentioned object is achieved by a method for operating a high- ,.temperature fuel cell system having at least one high-temperature fuel cell block, the high-temperature fuel cell block being heated from the outside by at least one electrical 0: heating element and wherein the intermediate space between the heating element and the high-temperature fuel cell block is filled by thermally conductive material.
2. oThe use of the electrical heating element ensures good temperature regulation, The electrical heating element is preferably arranged inside a high-temperature fuel cell container having thermal a a a ia U S 4. 0b 4.Sb GR 95 P3472 P -4insulation. In consequence, only a small amount of heat is emitted into the environment from the high- temperature A fuel cell container.
In particular, the intermediate space between the heating element and the high-temperature fuel cell block is filled by thermally conductive material. The heat transfer between the electrical heating element and the high-temperature fuel cell block is particularly good as a result of this. The heating element can, of course, also be fitted closely against the outer wall of the fuel cell block.
In the case of the method f or operating the hightemperature fuel cell system, the high- temperature fuel cell block is, according to the invention, heated by at least one electrical heating element. The electrical heating element in this case heats the high-temperature fuel cell block independently of the heat produced during the reaction process. Thus no power-plant gas is used for heating. In consequence, there is no pollution or damage to the high-temperature fuel cells caused by the effects of power-plant gas. The high-temperature fuel cell block is not heated in a special furnace, that is to say the method can be applied to any required configuration of high- temperature fuel cell blocks. The method is thus independent of the power levels and dimensions of the high-temperature fuel cell blocks, and is thus likewise independent of the dimensions of the high- temperature fuel cell system.
The high-temperature fuel cell block is preferably heated from an initial temperature to the required operating temperature To. No consumables, for example hydrogen H 2 or oxygen 02, are required f or heating. In consequence, costs for consumables during the r -e i 1. 1 GR 95 P 3472 P heating of the high-temperature fuel cell block are saved.
In particular, the high-temperature fuel cell block is kept at the required operating temperature T 0 An electrical control loop can be provided for this purpose. In consequence, power fluctuations resulting from fluctuations in the operating temperature T. are compensated for or avoided. After relatively short breaks in operation, the high-temperature fuel cell block no longer needs to be raised to the required operating temperature T o again, as a result of which costs for consumables as well as time are saved.
For the further explanation of the invention, reference is made to the exemplary embodiment in the drawing, the single figure of which illustrates, schematically, a high-temperature fuel cell system.
According to the figure, a high-temperature fuel cell system 2 comprises a high-temperature fuel cell block 4, which is split into an anode part 6 with anode gas areas which are not illustrated further, and a cathode part 8 with cathode gas areas which are not illustrated further. The high-temperature fuel cell block 4 is composed of a large number of high-temperature fuel cells which are of planar construction and are not illustrated further, as are known, for example, from German Patent P 39 35 722.8. The output of the hightemperature fuel cell block 4 is connected to an invertor 16, which converts the direct current produced by the high-temperature fuel cell block 4 into alternating current for an electrical power system, which is not illustrated further here.
The high-temperature fuel cell block 4 is arranged on the inner walls of a high-temperature fuel cell container 10 having thermal GR 95 P 3472 P 6 insulation 9. In addition, two electrical heating elements 12, 14 are in each case arranged in the interior 11 of the high-temperature fuel cell container outside the high-temperature fuel cell block 4. They are located on two opposite walls. Otherwise, the intermediate space between the fuel cell block 4 and the [lacuna] and the heating elements 12, 14 is filled with thermally conductive material 13, 15. The heat transfer between the electrical heating elements 12, 14 and the high-temperature fuel cell block 4 is improved by the thermally conductive material 13, The electrical heating elements 12, 14 are in thermal contact with the high-temperature fuel cell block 4. No power-plant gas is required here for heating. In consequence, there is no pollution of or damage to the high-temperature fuel cells because of the effects of power-plant gas. The method can be applied to any required configuration of high-temperature fuel cell blocks. It is thus independent of the power levels and the dimensions of the fuel cell blocks, and thus likewise independent of the dimensions of the fuel cell system 2.
By means of this method, the high-temperature fuel cell block 4 is heated to its operating temperature To, or is held at this temperature during brief breaks in operation. The temperature T of the high-temperature fuel cell block 4 is regulated for this purpose. The temperature T as the controlled variable is in this case detected continuously by a temperature sensor 62 which is fitted closely against an outer wall of the hightemperature fuel cell block 4, and is connected via an electrical signal line 60 to a regulation unit 54. The operating temperature T o is made available as the reference variable to the regulation unit 54 by a set value transmitter 56, via an electrical signal line 58.
I--
V
GR 95 P 3472 P 7 The controlled variable T is continuously compared with the reference variable T o in the regulation unit 54. The electrical heating elements 12, 14 are heated as appropriate via the electrical cables 50, 52, for the purpose of matching to the reference variable T o The cathode part 8 is allocated a cathode system which comprises an inlet path 22 and an outlet path 24. The process gas for the cathode part 8, for example oxygen 02, is fed via the inlet path 22 with a compressor 26 into the high-temperature fuel cell block 4. After the reaction, the process gas is removed via the outlet path 24. The inlet path 22 has a first heat exchanger 28 arranged in it, in which the process exhaust gas heats the process gas being supplied for the cathode part 8.
After leaving the first heat exchanger 28, the process exhaust gas from the cathode part 8 is passed via the outlet path 24 to a device 38 for processing the residual gases. From this device 38, the processed gases are passed out via an exhaust line 40 for further use.
The anode part 6 is assigned an anode system which comprises an inlet path 32 and an outlet path 34.
The process gas for the anode part 6, for example hydrogen H 2 is passed via the inlet path 32. The inlet path 32 has a second heat exchanger 36 arranged in it, in which the process exhaust gas removed from the anode part 6 via the outlet path 34 heats the process gas being supplied to the anode part 6. The outlet path 34 opens into the device 38 for processing the residual gases.
Alternatively, process gases for operation of the high-temperature fuel cell system 2, for example combustion gas and reaction vapor, can be fed into the inlet path 32 via supply lines 42 and 44 and a mixer 46.

Claims (7)

1. A high-temperature fuel cell system having at least one high- temperature fuel cell block, for heating of which at least one electrical heating element is provided, the heating element being arranged outside the high-temperature fuel cell block and wherein the intermediate space between the heating element and the high- temperature fuel cell block is filled by thermally conductive material.
2. The high-temperature fuel cell system as claimed in claim 1, in which the electrical heating element is arranged inside a high-temperature fuel cell container having thermal insulation.
3. A method for operating a high-temperature fuel cell system having at least one high-temperature fuel cell block, the high-temperature fuel cell block being heated from the outside by at least one electrical heating element and wherein the intermediate space between the heating element and the high-temperature fuel cell block is filled by thermally conductive material. 15
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, in which the high-temperature fuel cell block is heated to its operating temperature T o
5. The method as claimed in claim 3, in which the high-temperature fuel o, cell block is kept at its operating temperature T 0
6. A high-temperature fuel cell system substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
7. A method of operating a high-temperature fuel cell system S: substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawing. Dated 13 November, 1998 Siemens AG C 25 Patent Attorneys for the Applicant/Nominated Person SPRUSON FERGUSON I~ j GR 95 P 3472 P Abstract High-temperature fue operation In the case cell system havir cell block fc electrical heating heating element (12, temperature fuel ce measure, the fuel ce] FIG 1 -nuS* 1 cell system and a method for its of the present high-temperature fuel ig at least one high-temperature fuel ir heating of which at least one element (12, 14) is provided, the 14) is arranged outside the high- 11 block As a result of this ls are neither polluted nor damaged.
AU61212/96A 1995-06-30 1996-06-25 High-temperature fuel cell system and a method for its operation Ceased AU700724B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19523973A DE19523973C1 (en) 1995-06-30 1995-06-30 High-temperature fuel cell system and method for its operation
DE19523973 1995-06-30
PCT/DE1996/001116 WO1997002614A1 (en) 1995-06-30 1996-06-25 High-temperature fuel cell installation and process for its operation

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
AU6121296A AU6121296A (en) 1997-02-05
AU700724B2 true AU700724B2 (en) 1999-01-14

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AU61212/96A Ceased AU700724B2 (en) 1995-06-30 1996-06-25 High-temperature fuel cell system and a method for its operation

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0835530B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH11508725A (en)
AT (1) ATE187580T1 (en)
AU (1) AU700724B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2225815A1 (en)
DE (2) DE19523973C1 (en)
DK (1) DK0835530T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2141508T3 (en)
WO (1) WO1997002614A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6124050A (en) * 1996-05-07 2000-09-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Process for operating a high temperature fuel cell installation, and high temperature fuel cell installation
DE19637207C2 (en) * 1996-09-12 1998-07-02 Siemens Ag Power generation plant and method
EP0926755B1 (en) * 1997-11-25 2002-06-05 Sulzer Hexis AG Fuel cell modular arrangement with integral additional heating
WO2000059058A1 (en) * 1999-03-29 2000-10-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Fuel cell battery with a heating element and improved cold start performance and method for cold-starting a fuel cell battery
DE19922922A1 (en) * 1999-05-19 2000-11-23 Siemens Ag High temperature membrane (HTM) fuel cell for HTM fuel cell battery
DE19943690C2 (en) * 1999-09-06 2001-08-02 Mannesmann Ag Fuel cell system for operating an electrical machine and method for starting a fuel cell system
GB2424991B (en) * 2004-02-12 2007-10-17 Avl List Gmbh Device & Method For Determining The Operating Parameters Of Individual Cells Or Short Stacks Of Fuel Cells
DE102007028299A1 (en) * 2007-06-20 2008-12-24 Daimler Ag Fuel cell assembly with vented fuel cell housing

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LU36393A1 (en) * 1957-09-12
DE1496128A1 (en) * 1963-04-20 1969-06-12 Roosen Dr Ing R Method and arrangement for heating electrochemical fuel elements
DE1496346A1 (en) * 1965-12-29 1969-05-14 Varta Ag Method for heating fuel batteries
FR1585403A (en) * 1968-04-19 1970-01-23
US3718506A (en) * 1971-02-22 1973-02-27 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Fuel cell system for reacting hydrocarbons
JPS59209280A (en) * 1983-05-13 1984-11-27 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Molten salt fuel cell
JPS6261276A (en) * 1985-09-12 1987-03-17 Inoue Japax Res Inc Energy supply device
JPS62122073A (en) * 1985-11-22 1987-06-03 Hitachi Ltd Fuel cell accommodation tank
JPS63168972A (en) * 1986-12-29 1988-07-12 Hitachi Ltd Fuel cell
DE3935722A1 (en) * 1989-10-26 1991-05-02 Siemens Ag High-temp. fuel cell module contg. solid electrolyte - allows gas distribution via channels in frames around bipolar coated zirconia plates with separate sealing surfaces
DE4037970A1 (en) * 1989-12-21 1991-06-27 Asea Brown Boveri Automatic start-up of high-temp. hydrocarbon fuel cells - involves preheating of fuel and air by combustion with natural convection assistance in afterburner above stack
JPH0828230B2 (en) * 1990-04-23 1996-03-21 株式会社日立製作所 Fuel cell operating method and power generation system thereof
JPH0521084A (en) * 1991-07-17 1993-01-29 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Unit assembly fuel cell power generation system
EP0654838A1 (en) * 1993-11-24 1995-05-24 Sulzer Innotec Ag Device comprising high-temperature fuel cells and method of starting said device
FI110218B (en) * 1993-12-30 2002-12-13 Fortum Oil & Gas Oy Methods and apparatus for preventing electrochemical devices from cooling

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE19523973C1 (en) 1996-12-19
ES2141508T3 (en) 2000-03-16
EP0835530B1 (en) 1999-12-08
WO1997002614A1 (en) 1997-01-23
AU6121296A (en) 1997-02-05
CA2225815A1 (en) 1997-01-23
DK0835530T3 (en) 2000-05-29
DE59603873D1 (en) 2000-01-13
EP0835530A1 (en) 1998-04-15
ATE187580T1 (en) 1999-12-15
JPH11508725A (en) 1999-07-27

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