CA2194051A1 - Packaging material, packaging pad and machine for manufacturing packaging material - Google Patents
Packaging material, packaging pad and machine for manufacturing packaging materialInfo
- Publication number
- CA2194051A1 CA2194051A1 CA002194051A CA2194051A CA2194051A1 CA 2194051 A1 CA2194051 A1 CA 2194051A1 CA 002194051 A CA002194051 A CA 002194051A CA 2194051 A CA2194051 A CA 2194051A CA 2194051 A1 CA2194051 A1 CA 2194051A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- sheet
- sheets
- machine according
- slits
- rollers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
- B31D—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B31B OR B31C
- B31D1/00—Multiple-step processes for making flat articles ; Making flat articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
- B65D81/02—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents specially adapted to protect contents from mechanical damage
- B65D81/03—Wrappers or envelopes with shock-absorbing properties, e.g. bubble films
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
- B31D—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B31B OR B31C
- B31D1/00—Multiple-step processes for making flat articles ; Making flat articles
- B31D1/0031—Multiple-step processes for making flat articles ; Making flat articles the articles being paper nettings, e.g. by slitting and expanding webs or sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
- B31D—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B31B OR B31C
- B31D3/00—Making articles of cellular structure, e.g. insulating board
- B31D3/02—Making articles of cellular structure, e.g. insulating board honeycombed structures, i.e. the cells having an essentially hexagonal section
- B31D3/0284—Laminating honeycomb cores; applying cover sheets to core edges; working core edges
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
- B31D—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B31B OR B31C
- B31D5/00—Multiple-step processes for making three-dimensional articles ; Making three-dimensional articles
- B31D5/0039—Multiple-step processes for making three-dimensional articles ; Making three-dimensional articles for making dunnage or cushion pads
- B31D5/0065—Multiple-step processes for making three-dimensional articles ; Making three-dimensional articles for making dunnage or cushion pads including slitting and expanding flat material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
- B31D—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B31B OR B31C
- B31D2205/00—Multiple-step processes for making three-dimensional articles
- B31D2205/0005—Multiple-step processes for making three-dimensional articles for making dunnage or cushion pads
- B31D2205/0011—Multiple-step processes for making three-dimensional articles for making dunnage or cushion pads including particular additional operations
- B31D2205/0017—Providing stock material in a particular form
- B31D2205/0023—Providing stock material in a particular form as web from a roll
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Making Paper Articles (AREA)
- Wrappers (AREA)
- Buffer Packaging (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Auxiliary Devices For And Details Of Packaging Control (AREA)
- Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
- Basic Packing Technique (AREA)
- Packages (AREA)
Abstract
A packaging material comprises a base sheet (4; 148a, 148b) of unexpandable material such as paper and a second sheet (6 or 8; 112a, 112b or 112c) of expandable material such as paper, the second sheet having a number of rows of longitudinally spaced slits with the slits of one row offset from the slits of an adjacent row and being secured, in its expanded condition, to the base sheet. A packaging pad may comprise outer layers of unexpandable material with at least one layer of expanded material therebetween. The invention also provides a machine for use in manufacture of the material.
Description
2 1 9 4 ~ 5 ~ .'OlS78 Title: Packaging material, packaging pad and machine for l ,."r n ;"c packaging material Descriytion of Invention This invention is concerned with hlll,l u . _IllcllL~ relating to packaging material, such as is used to protect fragile articles during tl~u~ ulL~Liun A packaging material known from US-A-2294478 and US-A-4105724 comprises a sheet of planar material (such as paper) provided with a plurality of transverse rows of 1~ ; n ~(1;, l ,lly-spaced slits~ with the slits of one row being offset from the slits of the adjacent row whereby when the sheet is subjected to Irmgit~ ir~l tension, the sheet stretches as the slits open, producing "lands" which extend out of the plane of the sheet increasing its thickness and enabling the material to be used for cushioning purposes. Such a material is hereinafter referred to as being . .~ hlc material of the kind specified.
A sheet of such material may be used in a number of different ways, but because of the resilience, when tension on the sheet is relaxed the slits tend to close and the sheet adopts more or less its planar form. Thus it is in general necessary for the sheet of material to be wrapped around an article to be protected and retained thereon under tension. Difficulty is also encountered in utilising sheet material of the kind specified as a packaging means which can beused as an infill, or which can be placed under or on or around articles to be protected.
It is also known from US-A-3306513 to spray the expanded sheet with a suitable liquid, which may ~,UII. Il.~,.lLIy be fire retardant, which when dried retains the sheet expanded and allows it to be used as a ~ "~h ~"",~, material even when laid flat. However such spraying renders the sheet stiff, and reduces the adv~lk.gcs of a "soft" cushioning material, in addition to hllludu~ g into the packaging material possibly undesired chemical additives.
According to this invention there is provided a packaging material Culll,uli~illg a base sheet of "". ~ hlP ~material and a second sheet of / material, the second sheet being provided with a plurality of rows of WO 96/01731 2 ~ 9 4 0 5 1 r ~ 578 ~
lnnf~it~ in~Ally-5paced slits, with the slits of one row being offset from the slits of an adjacent row, the second sheet being secured to the base sheet whilst in expanded condition.
By the term '.. ~ as used herein we mean u.. -~ Ahlr in the context of use, and not in any absolute sense. In particular we mean ~jgrlifir~ntly less .oYpz~n~ than the ~ r material which is used, to achieve the purpose for which it is used.
In its simplest form the invention may be put into practice by procuring a sheet of . -I.A~..l-l,l~ material of the kind specified, e.g. Kraft paper having any ~II./,U~ weight, typically of between 45 and 150gms per square metre, provided with parallel rows of slits extending L. ~ of the sheet, the slits in one row being offset from the slits in an adjacent row, tensioning the paper in the lnnejtll-iin~l direction to open the slits, and securing the tensioned paper whilst in the said condition to a sheet of Illl -lJAll ~ Kraft paper, typically having a similar density.
The second sheet may be secured to the base sheet by any aAu~lu~liA le means, such as by adhesive, but preferably the sheets are secured together by a physical method which does not utilise additional ~ such as by crimping or pressure welding.
A two-ply sheet in accordance with this invention may thus have a thickness of about ten times the thickness of a single sheet, and stay in its expanded state indefinitely. It may thus be used as a packing material without special steps being taken to retain the ~Yp~n~l~bl-o material in its eAvpanded form, and for example one or more pieces of such material may be laid down and fragile ~w-.uu--.,,.~ be laid thereon.
Preferably the sheet material in accu.dA-I~e with the invention comprises a plurality of plies of ~ ~I,A, l -h lr material, e.g. two, preferably three or more plies also secured to the base sheet whilst in expanded condition. In this malmer a significant thickness increase and impact absorption capability may be obtained relatively ineAIJ..~:~.ly. Preferably one of the sheets of . .I.A~ hl~
W096/01731 r~l,...,; . 1~78 21 9405t material is in a reverse . ..; .1,.1;~ ~ . In this way the raised areas in one sheet tend to interlock within the apertures of an adjacent sheet to improve the stability of the packaging material.
If desired a further sheet of u~ l"hl~ material may be utilised with the rYr~n~l~hl.o material thus ~ .ed between the two sheets of ...,..1.~...l~.l~ material.
Cul~ lk,llLl~y the outer surface or surfaces of the ImrYrl~n~lqh material may be printed so as to carry the name of the contents, mqm~fzlrtllrer~frih~tr,r, or warnings or the like.
Packaging material in acculdall~ with this invention may be wound on a roll, from which d~lu~liàl~ lengths may be cut as desired, or may be delivered in pre-set lengths.
According to this invention there is also provided a method of .,.~.,.,r-. 1,.. ;.,g a packaging material involving a) procuring a first length of sheet material;
b) procuring a second length of sheet material;
c) applying to said second length generally Llal~ .ly to tbe length thereof a plurality of short slits, adjacent slits in the Irngit~ ir ql direction being offset in the lateral direction, whereby when the sheet is subjected to a Ir...~,;l".l;..,.l tension,theslitsopenaslandsbetweenadjacentslitsbecomeinclinedto the plane of the sheet; and d) securing the second length whilst under tension to the first length.
According to this invention there is provided a machine for use in the mqmlfq~lre of packaging material ~ c a) first supply means to supply a first".., .1.~ sheet material;
b) second supply means to supply a second material of the kind g a plurality of lrmgitll~lin~lly-5paced slits with the slits of one row being off-set from the slits of the adjacent row;
c) means to bring the first and second sheets into crnti~loll~ ;.", whilst they are being drawn from their respective supply means; and wo 96/01731 2 1 9 4 0 5 I PcT/Gsss/ols7s d) securing means to secure the two sheets together with the first sheet m its expanded condition.
CUI1._IP~ LI~Y the supply means comprises mounting means for respective rolls of r ~ and .. . 1'~ 1 1 3r materials. I~owever if desiredmounting means may be provided for rolls of ~ r material, the machine comprises slitting means to apply slits to the sheet drawn from one of the rolls to provide for the supply of the oY~ n~lq~l~ sheet material.
Preferably the machine comprises first wiLhJ-~ means to draw the first material from its roll, and second wiLLdl~l hl~ means to draw the second material from its roll, said first wiLhJ~....h~g means operating at a linear rate which is faster than that of the second wiLlld,....;l,~, means.
Preferably the second wiLhJ~....;-~g means comprises spaced rollers, adv ~ g~ ;ulll~l iahlg a surface which is, to some extent at least, resiliently .1~ f"".. 1~,1, Preferably the machine comprises an expanding means operative to apply tension to the second material .~ to leaving the wiLhdl~. hlg means.
Preferably the expanding means comprises spaced rollers operative to grip the second sheet and to expand it whilst drawing it from its wiLhdl,. hlg means. If desired, the rollers may comprise a plurality of Ir,~d;r~, e,~t~ liug ~uJe~Liu~ to enter into the slits. Such projections may be in the form of bristles provided on the exterior of the roller. Preferably however the rollers of the expanding means is toothed, the teeth thereof passing through the openings provided in the material by virtue of it having been expanded, and pulling the material away from the wiLhdl~wi-lg means at a rate faster than the wiLhdl~;llg means is operative to pull said second material from the second supply means.
Preferably the teeth are triangular in It)ngit~lriin:~l cross-section, preferably being prismatic in form. Preferably each ~ ul~C~,.clllial row of teeth is spaced, and preferably the rollers are so offset that the teeth of one roller are 21 940~
located in the axial direction directly opposite to a space existing between twoadjacent ~;h~u.llf~ lLial rows of teeth of the other roller.
Preferably the spacing of the rollers is such that there is little or no diametral gap between the crowns of the teeth of the two rollers.
Preferably one roller is provided with power drive means, the other roller being free, and being rotated by f ~f;~ l of the teeth thereof in the slits of the ~.I.,..,.I,~hlr sheet material as the sbeet material is drawn through theexpanding means by the driven roller.
In this manner, problems of ~u~lllulli~aliOIl of the two toothed rollers may be minimic,~,i Thus, preferably, the expanding means is operative to feed sheet material ILcl~,llllu~ at a rate cllbst~ntialiy similar to the rate at which the first wilhJI~w;llg means is operative to feed the 1Ill .p~ hlr sheet material from thesupply thereof.
The two sheets may be brought into face to face contiguous ",~1,;l, j"...,~ t~ 1~ prior to entry into the nip of the expanding means, or rly after exit of the ~ ".l hlC material from the expanding means.
Preferably the securing means is loc. ted duwl~LI~ull of the nip of the expanding means. Preferably the securing means is operative to secure the sheetstogether along 1. . Uf ~ 1;- ~ '1 lines at least two of which are located adjacent to tbe edge margins of the sheets.
AJv;~ gf u~ , the securing means comprises knurling means.
Preferably support means is provided to support the sheets between the expanding means and the securing means, / . _IL~lllly afforded by su~uO~
bands of rubber or the like cl ~ material.
A lv~ er u~ , the machine comprises further supply means for the supply of further ~ lr sheet material, and preferably further supply means for the supply of further ~ hk sheet material, the ~,ol~LIu~,~iull and ~ .,...g~ ~ .,1 being such that the sheets of ~p~ material are fed through the cxpanding means together, ~UIIv~ lltly in Çf~ntif~lo~ with at _ _ _ _ , . . . ... . . _ .. . .. . .
wo96/01731 2 1 9405 1 ~ 578 Ieast one of the sheets of ,." .l.~,..1.hlr sheet material. Thus, if desired, the sheets of ~ hlr material may be fed through the expanding means together, with the sheets of ,~ P material being ~ d~.;.,L~d between sheets of l.k material as they pass through the expanding rollers, but preferably one of the sheets of, ,..~ hl~ sheet material is brought into conti~ uc relqtionchir with the plurality of sheets of ~ l,lP material ~ h ~ to passage thereof through the expanding means, but prior tc passage thereof through the securing means (knurling rollers).
There will now be given a detailed description, to be read with reference to the q ~.."l.~ hlg drawings, of a packaging material which is a preferred ~mho-1im-~nt of this invention, having been selected for the purposes of illustrating the invention by way of example, the method by which the packaging material is made, and the machine upon which it is made, also being illustrativeof the invention in certain of its aspects.
In the a.,.,vl--~dllyhlg drawings:
Fgure 1 is a schematic view of the packaging material which is the preferred ~_1ll1; odhl-e.ll of the invention, part thereof having been torn away to expose inner layers, for the purposes of clarity;
Figure 2 is a schematic view showing a machine for use in the mqm-fP~hlrc of the said material;
Figure 3 is a view showing the pattern of slits applied to the sheet material as it passes between a pair of slitting rolls;
Figure 4 is a view, taken on the line 4-4 of Figure 2, showing a pair of crimping rollers utilised in the m~n~lf~rhlre of the preferred ~, ,ho~
Figure 5 is a schematic side elevation of the machine which is the preferred elllbodi~ ll of the invention;
Figure 6 is an enlarged view showing expanding means and securing means of the machine;
Figure 7 is an elevation taken in the direction of the arrow A of Figure 5, showing front views of the two rollers of the expanding means; and WO 96/01731 1-~ 01578 21 940~1 Figure 8 is an enlarged view showing the sheets of material passing through the expanding means.
The packaging material which is a preferred ~ ~1.9~ 1 of t}us invention comprises three plies, 4, 6 and 8 of Kraft paper, being stored on respective supplies thereof in the form of rolls 5, 7 and 9 (Figure 2). The sheets 6 and 8 are each fed through a pair of slitting rolls 10, 12 by which a plurality of slits 13 are applied to each sheet, the slitting rolls also ~. ,, wiLl~v~ ;ng means for wilhdl.. hl~ the sheet materials from the supply means 7 and 9.
The slits 13 are applied to the sheets 6 and 8 generally in the pattern illustrated in Figure 3, that is consisting of a plurality of rows of slits, the slits in each row (X) being co-linear and being parallel to the slits of an adjacent row (Y), each slit extending lldll~ CI,~ to the length of the sheet and each slit being offset in the lateral direction from an adjacent slit m the L,.,~,;l...l:..~l direction.
Such sheet material, as is known in the art, when subjected to a Ir~ngit~ iT.ql tension (in the direction A Figure 3) causes the slits to open, and the material to expand in thickness, "lands" of the material becoming inclined to the plane of the sheet, permitting the material to be used as a cushioning material.
On subjection to the material 6 and 8 to the slitting rolls 10, 12, the two sheets are brought together and passed between a further pair of rollers 14,16, ~ , expanding means of the machine, which are caused to rotate faster than the rolls 10, 12 so as to "stretch" the sheets 4 and 6, opening up the slits as h~"t;h~L~vlc~ described. Tmm~ iqfely ~"b ~ the sheets 4 and 6 are combined with a sheet of unslitted (i.e. .- A~ r) Kraft paper, and passed through a pair of knurling or crimping rollers 18, 20 by which the sheets 4 and 6 are crimped along the edge regions (19~ l9k) to the sheet 8, whereby the sheet 8 retains the sheets 4 and 6 under tension, and hence in their expanded states.
C~ -lly the crimping rollers 18 and 20 constitute Willldl~..;llg means for w;il..l..~ g sheet material from the supply S thereof.
As is shown in Figure 2, the paper is drawn from the rolls 7 and 9 in opposite directions - that is, with the "top" face of the paper facing in opposite . _ . . . . _ _ _ . .
WO 96/01731 PCT/GB95/01!578 directions. In this nriPr~t~lti,-n it has been found that, on stretching of the paper, the "lands" which are produced are inclined in opposite directions, and whilst they tend to interlock do not tend to nest to the same extent as when the paper is fed through in the same ,, i ~
Thus where two or more iayers are used as; .. 1: -Ir cushioning sheets, the sheet are oriented with their top face alternately in different directions.
The packaging material thus provided may be wound onto a roll, from which lengths of the material may ~...I..r.~ y be cut as desired for use. Where the packaging material is cut to length, ~,u~ this is effected by an operation which combines ~ tinine with a transverse pressure weld, such that the ends of the pad are sealed in the same marmer as the side edges. This prevents a reduction in the efficacy of the pad by a relaxation of the stretching of the inner layers, at the end regions.
It would be possible to provide a further lru ~L;~ pressure weld or welds between the edge regions of the sheet, if desired, and for example two relatively closely spaced such welds could be provided midway between the edges with the sheet 5llhc~qu~nrly being cut, e.g. by a slitting knife, between such two welds to provide two half-width sheets.
Whilst the packaging material which is the preferred ~ -l-o~l; . .1 of this invention comprises two sheets of expansible material and one sheet of ..l-l)le material, if desired three or more sheets of ~Yp~nrl5lhl~ material may be utilised, and if desired the ~ ",I l,lr material may be ~ld~;~hcd between two sheets of " ~ l.lP material. Collv~ y in such ~h~ the crimping rollers 18 and ~0 provide wiLlnll,,~ ; means for both sheets of u - .I.,...l~hl.o sheet material.
The .... -l,~ hle material, may be plain, or printed with an ,ulu~u~ e message, warning, logo, trade mark, name or the like.
The machine which is the preferred ~ l-o.li..~ .1 of this invention comprises a housing 106 ~u, ~ at a base part thereof, mûunting means 108 WO ~6/01731 F~ .,, f/01578 ~ 2 l 9405 1 including mounting members 108a, 108b, 108c and axles 109 on which rolls 110a, 110b, llOc ~ L.~ of paper-like material may be moumted.
In the use of the machine which is the preferred ~ l,o~ of this invention, in the ~",-""r ~. c of packaging material of the kind specified, the material mounted on the mounting members 108a, 108b and 108c is pre-slitted material of the kind specified. Lengths 112a, 112b, 112c of the sheet material are brought into face to face .. l~ l,;p by wilhdl~lw;llg means 116 in the form of a pair of driven rollers 118a, 118b, the rollers having rubberised surfaces and being operative to feed the 3-ply materiai indicated by the numeral 120 in Figure 1 towards the expanding means 122.
As will be seen in Figure 5, the sheet materials 112~, 112kand 112c are withdrawn from the rollers llOa and 110c in the same ~lri~n~:lti~m, whilst the sheet is withdrawn from the roller 110b in the opposite r,, ;, ..li,l ;....
The machine comprises expanding means 1~ provided by upper and lower rollers 124a, 124b, each roller ~....l..;~".g ~h~ullLL,l~,llLi~ll rows of teeth which are triangular in axial cross-section (as shown in Figure 6) but which arerectangular in l--n~itnriir~ql cross-section, as can be seen in Figure 7.
The c;.cu--lf~,lcuLi~l rows 126a - 126z of teeth on the upper roller 124a are spaced apart, and the rows of teeth 127a - 127z of the lower roller 124b areoffset laterally, as seen in Figure 7, so that each row 127a is located opposite to a gap between an adjacent pair of rows (e.g.) 126a, 126b, and vice versa.
However, the diametral distance between the crowns of the teeth of the roller 124a and those of the roller 124b is zero, or close to zero.
The rollers of the expanding means 1~ operate at a linear rate higher than that of the wi~ ....h-g rollers 118a, 118b so that as the three sheets of . .l.~".l~l,lf material pass from the wiLlldlawillg rollers 118 into the expanding rollers, the material is stretched l~mgitllriil~qliy, and the slits thereof open up to ~ produce inclined "lands" as is known in the art. The teeth 125 of the lower roller enter into the openings produced in the lower sheets, drawing the material through the stretching means. ~ fou~ the teeth 127 of the upper roller , . . . .. .. . . .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . .
WO 96/01731 2 1 9 4 0 5 1 P~T/GB95/01578 enter into the openings produced in the upper sheets, causing the three sheets to partially nest, as is illustrated in Figure 8. This is an effect of the reversal of the 1;,- of the ~ - ' sheet 112b. Fl~K. ~ ' of the teeth 126 within the openings of the upper sheets causes the roller 124a to rotate, and in this way problems of ;.rll.hlolu;.~liol. are avoided. However if desired the upper roller124_ may be driven in ~y--~h~uLu~lll with the lower roller 124b.
Alternative to the rollers being provided with teeth, the rollers may be provided with bristles, disposed around the ~ u,,,r~ e thcreof, the ~ ntls~hl.o material being fed between the bristles, the bristles readily passing through the slits and through the openings provided as the lands are stretched out of the plane of the surface of the material, the bristles having a flexibility selected such that they will be deformed, rather than to cause the sheet material to tear. In such cir~nnC~n~c preferably the bristles are provided on the ~;h~;ulllre.~ l surface of the or each rûller at a relatively high density, so as to ensure that a plurality of bristles at each time pass into the openings of the sheet material, to spread the stretching load applied to the sheet material, to reduce tendency of the paper to tear.
Preferably the bristles are arranged on the ci.~ul~ n~e of the or each roller on a strip of carrier material of relatively narrow width, applied to the ~h~ullLr~ ial surface of the roller in a helical array. By spacing the two rollers a short distance apart such that the bristles intermesh, adequate pcl.~,l.,lliu.l of the bristles into the openings of the sheet material is ensured.
By ensuring an d~lJlu~lidle flexibility of the bristles, those bristles which are not required to penetrate into a slit of material will be deflected into a non-operative positiou on ,~, L.. ,.~ l with the sheet material as it passes between the two rollers.
Thus, the bristles may be of natural bristle, such as is used in brushes, but may of course be of a synthetic material, such as plastic or rubber.
Wound around the rollers 124a and 124b, and further rollers 130a, 13Ob le~pc~ ly, are supporting means in the form of rubber bands 132a, 132b WO96/01731 I~ /al578 which support the expanded sheet material as it passes from the expanding means,exerting some l-~ 5;m~ I constraint to prevent tbe material from ~ I ;' k to any significant degree.
The machine which is the preferred c ho~ of this invention comprises further mounting means 140, Culllul i~hlg supports 142_ 142b for rollers on which respective rolls l46a, 146b of ~ p- ~ f sheet material, such as Kraft or E~raft paper, may be mounted. Closely du...l~Ll~ u of the exit of the ~ ~l, "~ r material from the expanding means 122 is provided securing means 150, in the form of a pair of hlt~ llillg knurling rollers 152_ 1521- adapted to crimp together side edge margins of the composite sheet material.
Lengths 148a, 148b of the "" .~,~".l~hl~ sheet material are fed respectivelyintocf~ntif~f~llclc' ' . aboveandbelowthecompositeexpanded material as it leaves the supporting rollers 130, and together the five sheets are fed through the securing means 150, which operates at least at one, preferably both edge margins of the composite sheet. Such Se~.UIC-I.~,IIL of the expanded material to the ~ud~ llillg sheets of u ~ hlf sheet material prevents any ngihlf~;n~l movement of the ~ material as would take place if t_e hl~ material were to contract towards its u~- ~L - .f~f~d form. The existence of the two sheets of ~ _hlf~ sheet material thus retains the core of ,lr material stretched, and allow it to retain its capability of effecting a chif,..inpf functionf in its use as a cushioning material.
If desired however some retention against rontr~f~1irn may be effected by the use of a single sheet of ~--lf ~p ~ l_hlr material alone, i.e. one of the two rollers 142 or 144 may be omitted.
Particularly in such ~h~ f ~ the securing means 150 may be operative ~ lI;" r~ to secure the composite sheets together at an ;1.~. " n~ l, If spaced but l,~nf~;l"~l;,l~lly eAtelldillg line.
As with the embodiment shown in Figure 2, in the preferred e.lll,odil..~.lL the securing means constitutes means for wiLIl-ll flWillg sheet material WO96/01731 2 1 9 40~ ~ P~ tlS78 from the rolls 146~, 136, However if desired separate wiLhdla~ t means may be provided for one or both sheets.
Whilst in the preferred f~mho~lim~nt the supply means is provided by mounting means for respective sheets of Fyp~ hhF (slitted) material and for ~.l.~,..l,l.lF (unslitted) material, if desired the machine may be provided withmounting rolls for the supply of ~ l 1r (unslitted) material, such as in the form of five rolls of Kraft paper, the second supply means ~ g in addition to the mounting means for three of the rolls, slitting means for three of the sheets, whereby the sheets are subjected to the all~ululJlir~ slitting operation~. h ~ to be drawn from the rolls thereof, and prior to being fed through the expanding means 122.
Whilst in the preferred ~ .3.o l; ,I both sheets 148a and 148b of ..,.. l~ ~.l~hl, material are brought into contiguous ,~ -h;l, with the c l.~" l~hlF sheet or sheets ~..l,:.~.l . ..l to said sheets passing through theexpanding means, if desired one of said sheets may be brought into such contiguous ,~ l, before the ~ l3r material passes through the expanding means. In such ~ i. . l . "~ the teeth of the adjacent roller will tend to cause the ,~ d material to become corrugated, as the material is deformed by ~ r, c, ~-- ~l with the teeth, as the teeth pass into the openings provided in the expanded material. Preferably however no more than one such sheet is so brought into contiguous .~ '; ' . upstream of the expanding means It is to be ~ c;aL~d that whilst the invention has been described above in the context of utilising sheet material provided with slits in the form of a regular pattern of parallel slits, uniformly offset laterally in the 1....~,;1.,.l...~l direction, if desired other slit ~ may be utilised, including a more randomly arranged set of slits, or slits which enable the material to be expanded other than by the ,~ of tension solely in the l...",,jl -l;l ~l direction. For example an array of slits may be provided which extend at an angle to the l.,l.~jl"~l;"~l axis, allowing the slit material to be expanded by tension laterally thereof.
WO 96/01731 P.~ .~','01578 ~ 2~9~051 Additionally whilst the invention has been described in relation to the use of a Kraft material for both ~ P and ~ hl~ sheet materials, if desired other materials may be utilised, including ,j~,...h;.._l;n--- of differerlt types of material.
The features disclosed in the foregoing ~ or the a~v...,u~ drawings, expressed in their specific forms or in terms of a means for p ~... ,. :..g the disclosed function, or a method or process for attaining the disclosed result, or a class or group of cllh$f~nr~ or romrnC;tinn~ as ~ U~)Iidt~, may, separately or in any romhin~ti~m of such features, be utilised for realising the invention in diverse forms thereof.
A sheet of such material may be used in a number of different ways, but because of the resilience, when tension on the sheet is relaxed the slits tend to close and the sheet adopts more or less its planar form. Thus it is in general necessary for the sheet of material to be wrapped around an article to be protected and retained thereon under tension. Difficulty is also encountered in utilising sheet material of the kind specified as a packaging means which can beused as an infill, or which can be placed under or on or around articles to be protected.
It is also known from US-A-3306513 to spray the expanded sheet with a suitable liquid, which may ~,UII. Il.~,.lLIy be fire retardant, which when dried retains the sheet expanded and allows it to be used as a ~ "~h ~"",~, material even when laid flat. However such spraying renders the sheet stiff, and reduces the adv~lk.gcs of a "soft" cushioning material, in addition to hllludu~ g into the packaging material possibly undesired chemical additives.
According to this invention there is provided a packaging material Culll,uli~illg a base sheet of "". ~ hlP ~material and a second sheet of / material, the second sheet being provided with a plurality of rows of WO 96/01731 2 ~ 9 4 0 5 1 r ~ 578 ~
lnnf~it~ in~Ally-5paced slits, with the slits of one row being offset from the slits of an adjacent row, the second sheet being secured to the base sheet whilst in expanded condition.
By the term '.. ~ as used herein we mean u.. -~ Ahlr in the context of use, and not in any absolute sense. In particular we mean ~jgrlifir~ntly less .oYpz~n~ than the ~ r material which is used, to achieve the purpose for which it is used.
In its simplest form the invention may be put into practice by procuring a sheet of . -I.A~..l-l,l~ material of the kind specified, e.g. Kraft paper having any ~II./,U~ weight, typically of between 45 and 150gms per square metre, provided with parallel rows of slits extending L. ~ of the sheet, the slits in one row being offset from the slits in an adjacent row, tensioning the paper in the lnnejtll-iin~l direction to open the slits, and securing the tensioned paper whilst in the said condition to a sheet of Illl -lJAll ~ Kraft paper, typically having a similar density.
The second sheet may be secured to the base sheet by any aAu~lu~liA le means, such as by adhesive, but preferably the sheets are secured together by a physical method which does not utilise additional ~ such as by crimping or pressure welding.
A two-ply sheet in accordance with this invention may thus have a thickness of about ten times the thickness of a single sheet, and stay in its expanded state indefinitely. It may thus be used as a packing material without special steps being taken to retain the ~Yp~n~l~bl-o material in its eAvpanded form, and for example one or more pieces of such material may be laid down and fragile ~w-.uu--.,,.~ be laid thereon.
Preferably the sheet material in accu.dA-I~e with the invention comprises a plurality of plies of ~ ~I,A, l -h lr material, e.g. two, preferably three or more plies also secured to the base sheet whilst in expanded condition. In this malmer a significant thickness increase and impact absorption capability may be obtained relatively ineAIJ..~:~.ly. Preferably one of the sheets of . .I.A~ hl~
W096/01731 r~l,...,; . 1~78 21 9405t material is in a reverse . ..; .1,.1;~ ~ . In this way the raised areas in one sheet tend to interlock within the apertures of an adjacent sheet to improve the stability of the packaging material.
If desired a further sheet of u~ l"hl~ material may be utilised with the rYr~n~l~hl.o material thus ~ .ed between the two sheets of ...,..1.~...l~.l~ material.
Cul~ lk,llLl~y the outer surface or surfaces of the ImrYrl~n~lqh material may be printed so as to carry the name of the contents, mqm~fzlrtllrer~frih~tr,r, or warnings or the like.
Packaging material in acculdall~ with this invention may be wound on a roll, from which d~lu~liàl~ lengths may be cut as desired, or may be delivered in pre-set lengths.
According to this invention there is also provided a method of .,.~.,.,r-. 1,.. ;.,g a packaging material involving a) procuring a first length of sheet material;
b) procuring a second length of sheet material;
c) applying to said second length generally Llal~ .ly to tbe length thereof a plurality of short slits, adjacent slits in the Irngit~ ir ql direction being offset in the lateral direction, whereby when the sheet is subjected to a Ir...~,;l".l;..,.l tension,theslitsopenaslandsbetweenadjacentslitsbecomeinclinedto the plane of the sheet; and d) securing the second length whilst under tension to the first length.
According to this invention there is provided a machine for use in the mqmlfq~lre of packaging material ~ c a) first supply means to supply a first".., .1.~ sheet material;
b) second supply means to supply a second material of the kind g a plurality of lrmgitll~lin~lly-5paced slits with the slits of one row being off-set from the slits of the adjacent row;
c) means to bring the first and second sheets into crnti~loll~ ;.", whilst they are being drawn from their respective supply means; and wo 96/01731 2 1 9 4 0 5 I PcT/Gsss/ols7s d) securing means to secure the two sheets together with the first sheet m its expanded condition.
CUI1._IP~ LI~Y the supply means comprises mounting means for respective rolls of r ~ and .. . 1'~ 1 1 3r materials. I~owever if desiredmounting means may be provided for rolls of ~ r material, the machine comprises slitting means to apply slits to the sheet drawn from one of the rolls to provide for the supply of the oY~ n~lq~l~ sheet material.
Preferably the machine comprises first wiLhJ-~ means to draw the first material from its roll, and second wiLLdl~l hl~ means to draw the second material from its roll, said first wiLhJ~....h~g means operating at a linear rate which is faster than that of the second wiLlld,....;l,~, means.
Preferably the second wiLhJ~....;-~g means comprises spaced rollers, adv ~ g~ ;ulll~l iahlg a surface which is, to some extent at least, resiliently .1~ f"".. 1~,1, Preferably the machine comprises an expanding means operative to apply tension to the second material .~ to leaving the wiLhdl~. hlg means.
Preferably the expanding means comprises spaced rollers operative to grip the second sheet and to expand it whilst drawing it from its wiLhdl,. hlg means. If desired, the rollers may comprise a plurality of Ir,~d;r~, e,~t~ liug ~uJe~Liu~ to enter into the slits. Such projections may be in the form of bristles provided on the exterior of the roller. Preferably however the rollers of the expanding means is toothed, the teeth thereof passing through the openings provided in the material by virtue of it having been expanded, and pulling the material away from the wiLhdl~wi-lg means at a rate faster than the wiLhdl~;llg means is operative to pull said second material from the second supply means.
Preferably the teeth are triangular in It)ngit~lriin:~l cross-section, preferably being prismatic in form. Preferably each ~ ul~C~,.clllial row of teeth is spaced, and preferably the rollers are so offset that the teeth of one roller are 21 940~
located in the axial direction directly opposite to a space existing between twoadjacent ~;h~u.llf~ lLial rows of teeth of the other roller.
Preferably the spacing of the rollers is such that there is little or no diametral gap between the crowns of the teeth of the two rollers.
Preferably one roller is provided with power drive means, the other roller being free, and being rotated by f ~f;~ l of the teeth thereof in the slits of the ~.I.,..,.I,~hlr sheet material as the sbeet material is drawn through theexpanding means by the driven roller.
In this manner, problems of ~u~lllulli~aliOIl of the two toothed rollers may be minimic,~,i Thus, preferably, the expanding means is operative to feed sheet material ILcl~,llllu~ at a rate cllbst~ntialiy similar to the rate at which the first wilhJI~w;llg means is operative to feed the 1Ill .p~ hlr sheet material from thesupply thereof.
The two sheets may be brought into face to face contiguous ",~1,;l, j"...,~ t~ 1~ prior to entry into the nip of the expanding means, or rly after exit of the ~ ".l hlC material from the expanding means.
Preferably the securing means is loc. ted duwl~LI~ull of the nip of the expanding means. Preferably the securing means is operative to secure the sheetstogether along 1. . Uf ~ 1;- ~ '1 lines at least two of which are located adjacent to tbe edge margins of the sheets.
AJv;~ gf u~ , the securing means comprises knurling means.
Preferably support means is provided to support the sheets between the expanding means and the securing means, / . _IL~lllly afforded by su~uO~
bands of rubber or the like cl ~ material.
A lv~ er u~ , the machine comprises further supply means for the supply of further ~ lr sheet material, and preferably further supply means for the supply of further ~ hk sheet material, the ~,ol~LIu~,~iull and ~ .,...g~ ~ .,1 being such that the sheets of ~p~ material are fed through the cxpanding means together, ~UIIv~ lltly in Çf~ntif~lo~ with at _ _ _ _ , . . . ... . . _ .. . .. . .
wo96/01731 2 1 9405 1 ~ 578 Ieast one of the sheets of ,." .l.~,..1.hlr sheet material. Thus, if desired, the sheets of ~ hlr material may be fed through the expanding means together, with the sheets of ,~ P material being ~ d~.;.,L~d between sheets of l.k material as they pass through the expanding rollers, but preferably one of the sheets of, ,..~ hl~ sheet material is brought into conti~ uc relqtionchir with the plurality of sheets of ~ l,lP material ~ h ~ to passage thereof through the expanding means, but prior tc passage thereof through the securing means (knurling rollers).
There will now be given a detailed description, to be read with reference to the q ~.."l.~ hlg drawings, of a packaging material which is a preferred ~mho-1im-~nt of this invention, having been selected for the purposes of illustrating the invention by way of example, the method by which the packaging material is made, and the machine upon which it is made, also being illustrativeof the invention in certain of its aspects.
In the a.,.,vl--~dllyhlg drawings:
Fgure 1 is a schematic view of the packaging material which is the preferred ~_1ll1; odhl-e.ll of the invention, part thereof having been torn away to expose inner layers, for the purposes of clarity;
Figure 2 is a schematic view showing a machine for use in the mqm-fP~hlrc of the said material;
Figure 3 is a view showing the pattern of slits applied to the sheet material as it passes between a pair of slitting rolls;
Figure 4 is a view, taken on the line 4-4 of Figure 2, showing a pair of crimping rollers utilised in the m~n~lf~rhlre of the preferred ~, ,ho~
Figure 5 is a schematic side elevation of the machine which is the preferred elllbodi~ ll of the invention;
Figure 6 is an enlarged view showing expanding means and securing means of the machine;
Figure 7 is an elevation taken in the direction of the arrow A of Figure 5, showing front views of the two rollers of the expanding means; and WO 96/01731 1-~ 01578 21 940~1 Figure 8 is an enlarged view showing the sheets of material passing through the expanding means.
The packaging material which is a preferred ~ ~1.9~ 1 of t}us invention comprises three plies, 4, 6 and 8 of Kraft paper, being stored on respective supplies thereof in the form of rolls 5, 7 and 9 (Figure 2). The sheets 6 and 8 are each fed through a pair of slitting rolls 10, 12 by which a plurality of slits 13 are applied to each sheet, the slitting rolls also ~. ,, wiLl~v~ ;ng means for wilhdl.. hl~ the sheet materials from the supply means 7 and 9.
The slits 13 are applied to the sheets 6 and 8 generally in the pattern illustrated in Figure 3, that is consisting of a plurality of rows of slits, the slits in each row (X) being co-linear and being parallel to the slits of an adjacent row (Y), each slit extending lldll~ CI,~ to the length of the sheet and each slit being offset in the lateral direction from an adjacent slit m the L,.,~,;l...l:..~l direction.
Such sheet material, as is known in the art, when subjected to a Ir~ngit~ iT.ql tension (in the direction A Figure 3) causes the slits to open, and the material to expand in thickness, "lands" of the material becoming inclined to the plane of the sheet, permitting the material to be used as a cushioning material.
On subjection to the material 6 and 8 to the slitting rolls 10, 12, the two sheets are brought together and passed between a further pair of rollers 14,16, ~ , expanding means of the machine, which are caused to rotate faster than the rolls 10, 12 so as to "stretch" the sheets 4 and 6, opening up the slits as h~"t;h~L~vlc~ described. Tmm~ iqfely ~"b ~ the sheets 4 and 6 are combined with a sheet of unslitted (i.e. .- A~ r) Kraft paper, and passed through a pair of knurling or crimping rollers 18, 20 by which the sheets 4 and 6 are crimped along the edge regions (19~ l9k) to the sheet 8, whereby the sheet 8 retains the sheets 4 and 6 under tension, and hence in their expanded states.
C~ -lly the crimping rollers 18 and 20 constitute Willldl~..;llg means for w;il..l..~ g sheet material from the supply S thereof.
As is shown in Figure 2, the paper is drawn from the rolls 7 and 9 in opposite directions - that is, with the "top" face of the paper facing in opposite . _ . . . . _ _ _ . .
WO 96/01731 PCT/GB95/01!578 directions. In this nriPr~t~lti,-n it has been found that, on stretching of the paper, the "lands" which are produced are inclined in opposite directions, and whilst they tend to interlock do not tend to nest to the same extent as when the paper is fed through in the same ,, i ~
Thus where two or more iayers are used as; .. 1: -Ir cushioning sheets, the sheet are oriented with their top face alternately in different directions.
The packaging material thus provided may be wound onto a roll, from which lengths of the material may ~...I..r.~ y be cut as desired for use. Where the packaging material is cut to length, ~,u~ this is effected by an operation which combines ~ tinine with a transverse pressure weld, such that the ends of the pad are sealed in the same marmer as the side edges. This prevents a reduction in the efficacy of the pad by a relaxation of the stretching of the inner layers, at the end regions.
It would be possible to provide a further lru ~L;~ pressure weld or welds between the edge regions of the sheet, if desired, and for example two relatively closely spaced such welds could be provided midway between the edges with the sheet 5llhc~qu~nrly being cut, e.g. by a slitting knife, between such two welds to provide two half-width sheets.
Whilst the packaging material which is the preferred ~ -l-o~l; . .1 of this invention comprises two sheets of expansible material and one sheet of ..l-l)le material, if desired three or more sheets of ~Yp~nrl5lhl~ material may be utilised, and if desired the ~ ",I l,lr material may be ~ld~;~hcd between two sheets of " ~ l.lP material. Collv~ y in such ~h~ the crimping rollers 18 and ~0 provide wiLlnll,,~ ; means for both sheets of u - .I.,...l~hl.o sheet material.
The .... -l,~ hle material, may be plain, or printed with an ,ulu~u~ e message, warning, logo, trade mark, name or the like.
The machine which is the preferred ~ l-o.li..~ .1 of this invention comprises a housing 106 ~u, ~ at a base part thereof, mûunting means 108 WO ~6/01731 F~ .,, f/01578 ~ 2 l 9405 1 including mounting members 108a, 108b, 108c and axles 109 on which rolls 110a, 110b, llOc ~ L.~ of paper-like material may be moumted.
In the use of the machine which is the preferred ~ l,o~ of this invention, in the ~",-""r ~. c of packaging material of the kind specified, the material mounted on the mounting members 108a, 108b and 108c is pre-slitted material of the kind specified. Lengths 112a, 112b, 112c of the sheet material are brought into face to face .. l~ l,;p by wilhdl~lw;llg means 116 in the form of a pair of driven rollers 118a, 118b, the rollers having rubberised surfaces and being operative to feed the 3-ply materiai indicated by the numeral 120 in Figure 1 towards the expanding means 122.
As will be seen in Figure 5, the sheet materials 112~, 112kand 112c are withdrawn from the rollers llOa and 110c in the same ~lri~n~:lti~m, whilst the sheet is withdrawn from the roller 110b in the opposite r,, ;, ..li,l ;....
The machine comprises expanding means 1~ provided by upper and lower rollers 124a, 124b, each roller ~....l..;~".g ~h~ullLL,l~,llLi~ll rows of teeth which are triangular in axial cross-section (as shown in Figure 6) but which arerectangular in l--n~itnriir~ql cross-section, as can be seen in Figure 7.
The c;.cu--lf~,lcuLi~l rows 126a - 126z of teeth on the upper roller 124a are spaced apart, and the rows of teeth 127a - 127z of the lower roller 124b areoffset laterally, as seen in Figure 7, so that each row 127a is located opposite to a gap between an adjacent pair of rows (e.g.) 126a, 126b, and vice versa.
However, the diametral distance between the crowns of the teeth of the roller 124a and those of the roller 124b is zero, or close to zero.
The rollers of the expanding means 1~ operate at a linear rate higher than that of the wi~ ....h-g rollers 118a, 118b so that as the three sheets of . .l.~".l~l,lf material pass from the wiLlldlawillg rollers 118 into the expanding rollers, the material is stretched l~mgitllriil~qliy, and the slits thereof open up to ~ produce inclined "lands" as is known in the art. The teeth 125 of the lower roller enter into the openings produced in the lower sheets, drawing the material through the stretching means. ~ fou~ the teeth 127 of the upper roller , . . . .. .. . . .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . .
WO 96/01731 2 1 9 4 0 5 1 P~T/GB95/01578 enter into the openings produced in the upper sheets, causing the three sheets to partially nest, as is illustrated in Figure 8. This is an effect of the reversal of the 1;,- of the ~ - ' sheet 112b. Fl~K. ~ ' of the teeth 126 within the openings of the upper sheets causes the roller 124a to rotate, and in this way problems of ;.rll.hlolu;.~liol. are avoided. However if desired the upper roller124_ may be driven in ~y--~h~uLu~lll with the lower roller 124b.
Alternative to the rollers being provided with teeth, the rollers may be provided with bristles, disposed around the ~ u,,,r~ e thcreof, the ~ ntls~hl.o material being fed between the bristles, the bristles readily passing through the slits and through the openings provided as the lands are stretched out of the plane of the surface of the material, the bristles having a flexibility selected such that they will be deformed, rather than to cause the sheet material to tear. In such cir~nnC~n~c preferably the bristles are provided on the ~;h~;ulllre.~ l surface of the or each rûller at a relatively high density, so as to ensure that a plurality of bristles at each time pass into the openings of the sheet material, to spread the stretching load applied to the sheet material, to reduce tendency of the paper to tear.
Preferably the bristles are arranged on the ci.~ul~ n~e of the or each roller on a strip of carrier material of relatively narrow width, applied to the ~h~ullLr~ ial surface of the roller in a helical array. By spacing the two rollers a short distance apart such that the bristles intermesh, adequate pcl.~,l.,lliu.l of the bristles into the openings of the sheet material is ensured.
By ensuring an d~lJlu~lidle flexibility of the bristles, those bristles which are not required to penetrate into a slit of material will be deflected into a non-operative positiou on ,~, L.. ,.~ l with the sheet material as it passes between the two rollers.
Thus, the bristles may be of natural bristle, such as is used in brushes, but may of course be of a synthetic material, such as plastic or rubber.
Wound around the rollers 124a and 124b, and further rollers 130a, 13Ob le~pc~ ly, are supporting means in the form of rubber bands 132a, 132b WO96/01731 I~ /al578 which support the expanded sheet material as it passes from the expanding means,exerting some l-~ 5;m~ I constraint to prevent tbe material from ~ I ;' k to any significant degree.
The machine which is the preferred c ho~ of this invention comprises further mounting means 140, Culllul i~hlg supports 142_ 142b for rollers on which respective rolls l46a, 146b of ~ p- ~ f sheet material, such as Kraft or E~raft paper, may be mounted. Closely du...l~Ll~ u of the exit of the ~ ~l, "~ r material from the expanding means 122 is provided securing means 150, in the form of a pair of hlt~ llillg knurling rollers 152_ 1521- adapted to crimp together side edge margins of the composite sheet material.
Lengths 148a, 148b of the "" .~,~".l~hl~ sheet material are fed respectivelyintocf~ntif~f~llclc' ' . aboveandbelowthecompositeexpanded material as it leaves the supporting rollers 130, and together the five sheets are fed through the securing means 150, which operates at least at one, preferably both edge margins of the composite sheet. Such Se~.UIC-I.~,IIL of the expanded material to the ~ud~ llillg sheets of u ~ hlf sheet material prevents any ngihlf~;n~l movement of the ~ material as would take place if t_e hl~ material were to contract towards its u~- ~L - .f~f~d form. The existence of the two sheets of ~ _hlf~ sheet material thus retains the core of ,lr material stretched, and allow it to retain its capability of effecting a chif,..inpf functionf in its use as a cushioning material.
If desired however some retention against rontr~f~1irn may be effected by the use of a single sheet of ~--lf ~p ~ l_hlr material alone, i.e. one of the two rollers 142 or 144 may be omitted.
Particularly in such ~h~ f ~ the securing means 150 may be operative ~ lI;" r~ to secure the composite sheets together at an ;1.~. " n~ l, If spaced but l,~nf~;l"~l;,l~lly eAtelldillg line.
As with the embodiment shown in Figure 2, in the preferred e.lll,odil..~.lL the securing means constitutes means for wiLIl-ll flWillg sheet material WO96/01731 2 1 9 40~ ~ P~ tlS78 from the rolls 146~, 136, However if desired separate wiLhdla~ t means may be provided for one or both sheets.
Whilst in the preferred f~mho~lim~nt the supply means is provided by mounting means for respective sheets of Fyp~ hhF (slitted) material and for ~.l.~,..l,l.lF (unslitted) material, if desired the machine may be provided withmounting rolls for the supply of ~ l 1r (unslitted) material, such as in the form of five rolls of Kraft paper, the second supply means ~ g in addition to the mounting means for three of the rolls, slitting means for three of the sheets, whereby the sheets are subjected to the all~ululJlir~ slitting operation~. h ~ to be drawn from the rolls thereof, and prior to being fed through the expanding means 122.
Whilst in the preferred ~ .3.o l; ,I both sheets 148a and 148b of ..,.. l~ ~.l~hl, material are brought into contiguous ,~ -h;l, with the c l.~" l~hlF sheet or sheets ~..l,:.~.l . ..l to said sheets passing through theexpanding means, if desired one of said sheets may be brought into such contiguous ,~ l, before the ~ l3r material passes through the expanding means. In such ~ i. . l . "~ the teeth of the adjacent roller will tend to cause the ,~ d material to become corrugated, as the material is deformed by ~ r, c, ~-- ~l with the teeth, as the teeth pass into the openings provided in the expanded material. Preferably however no more than one such sheet is so brought into contiguous .~ '; ' . upstream of the expanding means It is to be ~ c;aL~d that whilst the invention has been described above in the context of utilising sheet material provided with slits in the form of a regular pattern of parallel slits, uniformly offset laterally in the 1....~,;1.,.l...~l direction, if desired other slit ~ may be utilised, including a more randomly arranged set of slits, or slits which enable the material to be expanded other than by the ,~ of tension solely in the l...",,jl -l;l ~l direction. For example an array of slits may be provided which extend at an angle to the l.,l.~jl"~l;"~l axis, allowing the slit material to be expanded by tension laterally thereof.
WO 96/01731 P.~ .~','01578 ~ 2~9~051 Additionally whilst the invention has been described in relation to the use of a Kraft material for both ~ P and ~ hl~ sheet materials, if desired other materials may be utilised, including ,j~,...h;.._l;n--- of differerlt types of material.
The features disclosed in the foregoing ~ or the a~v...,u~ drawings, expressed in their specific forms or in terms of a means for p ~... ,. :..g the disclosed function, or a method or process for attaining the disclosed result, or a class or group of cllh$f~nr~ or romrnC;tinn~ as ~ U~)Iidt~, may, separately or in any romhin~ti~m of such features, be utilised for realising the invention in diverse forms thereof.
Claims (28)
1. A packaging material comprising a base sheet (4; 148a, 148b) of unexpandable material and a second sheet (6 or 8; 112a, 112b or 112c) of expandable material, the second sheet being provided with a plurality of rows oflongitudinally-spaced slits (13) with the slits of one row being offset from the slits of an adjacent row and being secured to the base sheet in its expanded condition.
2. A packaging material according to Claim 1 wherein the base sheet (4;
148) is of paper, and the second sheet (6 or 8; 112) is of paper provided with aplurality of parallel rows of slits (13), the slits in one row (X) being offset from the slits in an adjacent row (Y).
148) is of paper, and the second sheet (6 or 8; 112) is of paper provided with aplurality of parallel rows of slits (13), the slits in one row (X) being offset from the slits in an adjacent row (Y).
3. A packaging material according to one of Claims 1 and 2 wherein the second sheet (6 or 8) is secured to the base sheet (4) along side edge margins (19a, 19b) by a physical method which does not utilise additional components;
such as by crimping or pressure welding.
such as by crimping or pressure welding.
4. A packaging material according to any one of the preceding claims comprising a plurality of sheets (6, 8; 112a, 112b, 112c) of expandable materialsecured to the base sheet (4; 148) whilst in expanded condition.
5. A packaging material according to Claim 4 wherein adjacent sheets (4, 6; 112a, 112b, 112c) of expandable material are in mutually reverse orientation.
6. A packaging material according to any one of the preceding claims comprising a further sheet of unexpandable material (148) with the expandable material (112) sandwiched between the two sheets of unexpandable material.
7. A method of manufacturing a packaging material involving a) procuring a first length (4; 148) of sheet material;
b) procuring a second length (6 or 8; 112a, 112b, 112c) of sheet material;c) applying to said second length generally transversely to the length thereof a plurality of short slits (13), adjacent slits in the longitudinal direction being offset in the lateral direction; and d) securing the second length (6 or 8; 112) whilst under tension to the first length (4; 148).
b) procuring a second length (6 or 8; 112a, 112b, 112c) of sheet material;c) applying to said second length generally transversely to the length thereof a plurality of short slits (13), adjacent slits in the longitudinal direction being offset in the lateral direction; and d) securing the second length (6 or 8; 112) whilst under tension to the first length (4; 148).
8. A method according to Claim 7 wherein the first and second lengths of sheet material are of paper.
9. A packaging pad comprising outer layers 148a, 148b) of unexpandable sheet material and at least one layer (112) of expandable sheet material securedbetween the outer layers along longitudinal edge margins whilst in expanded condition, whereby the or each sheet of expandable material is retained in expanded condition against longitudinal contraction.
10. A machine for use in the manufacture of packaging material comprising a) first supply means (5; 142, 146) to supply a first, unexpandable sheet material (4; 148);
b) second supply means (7, 9, 10, 12; 108, 109, 110) to supply a second material (6, 8, 112) of the kind comprising a plurality of longitudinally-spaced slits (13) with the slits of one row (X) being offset from the slits of the adjacent row (Y);
c) means (18, 20; 150) to bring the first and second sheets into contiguous relationship whilst they are being drawn from their respective supply means; and d) securing means (18, 20; 150) to secure the two sheets (4, 6, 8; 148, 112) together with the first sheet in its expanded condition.
b) second supply means (7, 9, 10, 12; 108, 109, 110) to supply a second material (6, 8, 112) of the kind comprising a plurality of longitudinally-spaced slits (13) with the slits of one row (X) being offset from the slits of the adjacent row (Y);
c) means (18, 20; 150) to bring the first and second sheets into contiguous relationship whilst they are being drawn from their respective supply means; and d) securing means (18, 20; 150) to secure the two sheets (4, 6, 8; 148, 112) together with the first sheet in its expanded condition.
11. A machine according to Claim 10 comprising first withdrawing means (18, 20; 152) to draw first material from the first supply means and second withdrawing means (10, 12, 116) to draw second material from the second supply means, said first withdrawing means (152) operating at a linear rate which is faster than that of the second withdrawing means (116).
12. A machine according to one of Claims 10 and 11 wherein the second withdrawing means (116) comprises spaced rollers (118a, 118b).
13. A machine according to one of Claim 11 and 12 comprising an expanding means (14, 16; 122) operative to apply tension to the second material subsequent to leaving the withdrawing means (10, 12; 116).
14. A machine according to Claim 13 wherein the expanding means comprises rollers (124a, 124b) operative to grip the second sheet and to expand it whilst drawing it from its withdrawing means (116).
15. A machine according to Claim 14 wherein the rollers of the expanding means are toothed, the teeth (126) thereof passing through the openings providedin the material by virtue of it having been expanded, and pulling the material away from the withdrawing means at a rate faster than the withdrawing means is operative to pull said second material from the roller thereof on the second mounting means.
16. A machine according to Claim 15 wherein the teeth (126) are triangular in cross section.
17. A machine according to one of Claim 15 and 16 wherein each circumferential row of teeth is spaced, and preferably the rollers are so offset that the teeth (126) on one roller (124) are located in the axial direction directly opposite to a space existing between two adjacent circumferential rows of teeth (127) of the other roller (124b).
18. A machine according to any one of Claim 15, 16 and 17 wherein the spacing of the rollers is such that there is little or no diametral gap between the crowns of the teeth (126a, 126b) of the two rollers.
19. A machine according to any one of Claims 15 to 18 wherein one roller (124a) is provided with drive means, the other roller (124b) being free.
20. A machine according to Claim 13 wherein at least one of the rollers is provided with a plurality of bristles extending radially outwardly from the circumference thereof, the bristles passing through the openings provided in thematerial by virtue of it having been expanded, and pulling the material away from the withdrawing means at a rate faster than the withdrawing means is operative to pull said second material from the roller thereof on the second mounting means.
21. A machine according to any one of Claims 14 to 20 wherein the expanding means (122) is operative to feed sheet material therethrough at a ratesubstantially similar to the rate at which the first withdrawing means (150) is operative to feed the unexpanded sheet material from the roller thereof.
22. A machine according to any one of Claims 10 to 21 wherein the securing means (150) is located downstream of the nip of the expanding means.
23. A machine according to any one of Claims 10 to 22 wherein the securing means is operative to secure the sheets together along longitudinal lines at least two of which are located adjacent to the edge margins of the sheets.
24. A machine according to any one of Claims 10 to 23 wherein the securing means comprises knurling means.
25. A machine according to any one of Claims 10 to 24 wherein supporting means (132a, 132b) is provided to support the sheets between the expanding means (122) and the securing means (150).
26. A machine according to any one of Claims 10 to 25 comprising further mounting means (108a, 108b) for mounting one or more further rolls (110a, 110b) of expandable sheet material, and preferably further mounting means (144) for mounting a further roll (146) of unexpandable sheet material.
27. A machine according to Claim 25 wherein the sheets of expandable material are fed through the expanding means (122) together, with the sheets of expandable material being sandwiched between the sheets of unexpandable material as they pass through the securing means (150).
28. A machine according to Claim 26 wherein the sheets of unexpandable material are fed through the expanding means together, with one sheet of unexpandable material as they pass through the expanding rollers, the other of the sheet of unexpandable material being brought into contiguous relationship with the plurality of sheets of expandable material subsequent to passage thereof through the expanding means, but prior to passage thereof through the securing means.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9413672A GB9413672D0 (en) | 1994-07-07 | 1994-07-07 | Improvements relating to packaging material |
| GB9420651.3 | 1994-10-13 | ||
| GB9413672.8 | 1994-10-13 | ||
| GB9420651A GB9420651D0 (en) | 1994-10-13 | 1994-10-13 | Improvements relating to the manufacture of packaging material |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2194051A1 true CA2194051A1 (en) | 1996-01-25 |
Family
ID=26305214
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002194051A Abandoned CA2194051A1 (en) | 1994-07-07 | 1995-07-05 | Packaging material, packaging pad and machine for manufacturing packaging material |
Country Status (18)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0768948B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH10502586A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR970704570A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1152274A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE172147T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU689607B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2194051A1 (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ1397A3 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69505387T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2126295T3 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI970021A (en) |
| HU (1) | HUT76608A (en) |
| MX (1) | MX9700018A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO970034L (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ288714A (en) |
| PL (1) | PL179380B1 (en) |
| SK (1) | SK397A3 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1996001731A1 (en) |
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| CN101588777B (en) | 2006-09-26 | 2015-09-09 | T.J.史密夫及内修有限公司 | Lattice dressing |
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| GB201011173D0 (en) | 2010-07-02 | 2010-08-18 | Smith & Nephew | Provision of wound filler |
| JP5653683B2 (en) * | 2010-08-19 | 2015-01-14 | 大王製紙株式会社 | Reinforcing sheet and sheet-like structural material using the same |
| GB201020005D0 (en) | 2010-11-25 | 2011-01-12 | Smith & Nephew | Composition 1-1 |
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| US20150159066A1 (en) | 2011-11-25 | 2015-06-11 | Smith & Nephew Plc | Composition, apparatus, kit and method and uses thereof |
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| US20160120706A1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-05-05 | Smith & Nephew Plc | Wound dressing sealant and use thereof |
| US11834240B2 (en) | 2013-09-06 | 2023-12-05 | David P. Goodrich | Expanded slit sheet cushioning products with novel alternating expansion patterns |
| US10226907B2 (en) | 2014-09-08 | 2019-03-12 | David P. Goodrich | Expandable slit sheet packaging material that interlocks when layered and expanded |
| EP3683166A1 (en) * | 2013-09-06 | 2020-07-22 | David Paul Goodrich | Method of producing at least a pair of interlocking adjacent layers of a paper packaging product |
| US11905088B2 (en) | 2013-09-06 | 2024-02-20 | David Paul Goodrich | Expanded slit sheet cushioning products with novel slit pattern and paper properties |
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| EP3261833B1 (en) * | 2015-02-26 | 2020-03-25 | Ranpak Corporation | Dunnage conversion system and method for expanding pre-slit sheet stock material |
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| US11401090B2 (en) | 2017-06-26 | 2022-08-02 | David Paul Goodrich | Expanded slit sheet cushioning products with novel slit pattern and paper properties |
| MX2019015488A (en) | 2017-06-26 | 2020-07-20 | David Paul Goodrich | Extensible paper and its use in the production of expanded slit packaging wrap and void fill products. |
| US11440305B2 (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2022-09-13 | David Paul Goodrich | Embossed paper in combination with paper cushioning for shipping envelopes |
| US11702261B2 (en) | 2017-06-26 | 2023-07-18 | David Paul Goodrich | Expanded slit sheet cushioning products with novel reduced dimension slit patterns |
| JP2019031303A (en) * | 2017-08-08 | 2019-02-28 | 王子ホールディングス株式会社 | Packaging bag |
| KR102366613B1 (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2022-02-23 | 랜팩 코포레이션 | Dungee transformation system and method for inflating inflatable sheet material |
| CN107902257A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-04-13 | 浙江大华技术股份有限公司 | A kind of buffer packing structure and preparation method thereof |
| AU2019319139A1 (en) | 2018-08-05 | 2021-02-11 | David Paul Goodrich | Protective products, such as envelopes, having a unique combination of interior padding of expanded slit sheet paper |
| MX2021007963A (en) | 2019-01-22 | 2021-10-26 | David Paul Goodrich | Expansion system for improved handling and avoidance of damage and/or crushing of expandable slit sheet paper. |
| CN110435219A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2019-11-12 | 成泰昌包装制品(深圳)有限公司 | It is a kind of to recycle environmental protection package structure and preparation method thereof entirely |
| KR20220041779A (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2022-04-01 | 데이비드 폴 굿리치 | Embossed paper combined with paper cushioning for shipping envelopes |
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-
1995
- 1995-07-05 JP JP8504176A patent/JPH10502586A/en active Pending
- 1995-07-05 MX MX9700018A patent/MX9700018A/en unknown
- 1995-07-05 AT AT95923497T patent/ATE172147T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-07-05 CN CN95194004A patent/CN1152274A/en active Pending
- 1995-07-05 WO PCT/GB1995/001578 patent/WO1996001731A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-07-05 AU AU28039/95A patent/AU689607B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1995-07-05 SK SK3-97A patent/SK397A3/en unknown
- 1995-07-05 HU HU9603599A patent/HUT76608A/en unknown
- 1995-07-05 EP EP95923497A patent/EP0768948B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-07-05 CA CA002194051A patent/CA2194051A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-07-05 PL PL95318160A patent/PL179380B1/en unknown
- 1995-07-05 ES ES95923497T patent/ES2126295T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-07-05 CZ CZ9713A patent/CZ1397A3/en unknown
- 1995-07-05 NZ NZ288714A patent/NZ288714A/en unknown
- 1995-07-05 KR KR1019970700038A patent/KR970704570A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-07-05 DE DE69505387T patent/DE69505387T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-01-03 FI FI970021A patent/FI970021A/en unknown
- 1997-01-06 NO NO970034A patent/NO970034L/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PL179380B1 (en) | 2000-08-31 |
| CN1152274A (en) | 1997-06-18 |
| EP0768948A1 (en) | 1997-04-23 |
| DE69505387T2 (en) | 1999-03-11 |
| WO1996001731A1 (en) | 1996-01-25 |
| MX9700018A (en) | 1997-12-31 |
| SK397A3 (en) | 1997-08-06 |
| CZ1397A3 (en) | 1997-10-15 |
| NZ288714A (en) | 1998-02-26 |
| AU689607B2 (en) | 1998-04-02 |
| KR970704570A (en) | 1997-09-06 |
| DE69505387D1 (en) | 1998-11-19 |
| JPH10502586A (en) | 1998-03-10 |
| NO970034D0 (en) | 1997-01-06 |
| ES2126295T3 (en) | 1999-03-16 |
| PL318160A1 (en) | 1997-05-26 |
| HU9603599D0 (en) | 1997-02-28 |
| FI970021A (en) | 1997-03-03 |
| EP0768948B1 (en) | 1998-10-14 |
| ATE172147T1 (en) | 1998-10-15 |
| AU2803995A (en) | 1996-02-09 |
| FI970021A0 (en) | 1997-01-03 |
| NO970034L (en) | 1997-03-05 |
| HUT76608A (en) | 1997-10-28 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |
Effective date: 20000705 |