CA2185143A1 - Method and nozzle for providing a flow with separated gas and liquid portions subjected to an acoustic field - Google Patents
Method and nozzle for providing a flow with separated gas and liquid portions subjected to an acoustic fieldInfo
- Publication number
- CA2185143A1 CA2185143A1 CA 2185143 CA2185143A CA2185143A1 CA 2185143 A1 CA2185143 A1 CA 2185143A1 CA 2185143 CA2185143 CA 2185143 CA 2185143 A CA2185143 A CA 2185143A CA 2185143 A1 CA2185143 A1 CA 2185143A1
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- nozzle
- gas
- liquid
- flow
- face
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
- A62C99/0072—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames using sprayed or atomised water
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
- A62C31/02—Nozzles specially adapted for fire-extinguishing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B17/00—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups
- B05B17/04—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods
- B05B17/06—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations
- B05B17/0692—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by a fluid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/24—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with means, e.g. a container, for supplying liquid or other fluent material to a discharge device
- B05B7/26—Apparatus in which liquids or other fluent materials from different sources are brought together before entering the discharge device
- B05B7/262—Apparatus in which liquids or other fluent materials from different sources are brought together before entering the discharge device a liquid and a gas being brought together before entering the discharge device
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
A method of providing a gas/liquid jet having finely atomised liquid droplets comprising the steps of feeding a mixture of gas and liquid into a tube (5) provided with at least one outlet nozzle (6) having an outlet opening. A plug flow (i.e. a flow in which liquid portions and gas portions are separate from each other) is formed in the tube (5) before the flow leaves the nozzle (6). The outflowing plug flow is subjected to an acoustic field, the frequency of the plug flow thereof essentially being a multiple of the frequency of the plug flow and preferably close to the frequency thereof.
Description
wo gs/24274 21 8 51 ~ 3 PCTlDKssl0001s Title: Method and nozzle for proYiding a flow with separated gas and liquid portions subjected to an acoustic field.
.
Technical Field The present invention relates to a method and a nozle for providing a gas/liquid5 jet having finely atomised liquid droplets and is especially but not exclusively directed towards the field of fire-fighting and can be used in relation to both portable fire ~ h ~ and stationary fire-fighting systems.
Backvround Art It is known from "Physical and Chemical bases of the d~ and extin-10 guishing of fires", 1980, pp. 182-187 by E.M. Abduraimov and Yu. V. Govorov that the efficiency of fire-fighting increases essentially in c ~ IA 1;~-111 with the use of solid jets of frre-fighting liquid or jeoe with large droplets when feeding frnely atomized fire r~ liquid to the fire centre. The increase in fire-fighting efficiency is due to the heat exchange processes between the small liquid droplets 15 and the fire centre being intensified. This results in a t~ ,ld~ulc decrease in the fire centre to the L.. l.~J.. ~.. c of flame extinction and in decreased of fire; , ' ~ liquid.
Thus, to increase the fire-fighting efficiency it is necessary to provide ~urrlC;C,l,ly high degree of liquid 20 Various methods of atomising fire r~ v liquid are known as well as apparatus for carrying out said methods. One of the most efficient methods of atomising liquid is feeding of a gas/liquid mixture (in the following called GLM) through a spray nozzle as disclosed in USSR Inventor's Certificate No. 1353444, published in the Bulletin of the Inventions No. 43, 1987. In this case, under equal 25 pressure, the GLM leaves the no771e at a higher speed than a pure liquid flow.
WO 95/24274 PCT/D1~9S/0001~ --21 ~51 ~3 It is known from "Atomizers of liquids. - M., Chemistry, 1979, by D.G. Pazhi and V.S. Galustov that an increase of vhe speed of the liquid outflow improves the ~i..",;, li.". thereof. The method of liquid ~ ,,.l;~-';-l.l used in the fire extin-guisher is a typical example tbereof as disclosed by USSR Inventor's Certificate5 No. 1225585, published in the Bulletin of the Inventions No. 15, 1986. Due to the high gas/liquid ratio and the high gas pressure, a higher speed of liquid outflow is provided.
USSR Inventor's Certificate N. 1316713, published in the Bulletin of the Inven-tions No. 22, 1987 - Method's Prototype, discloses vhat an even higher degree of 10 ' ~ may be achieved by ~u~ vai~ acoustic vibrations on the outflowing GLM. Two flows are provided in this devise, viz. the GLM flow and the gas flow. The gas flowing out of the Laval nozzle is directed to a specially installed Hartman generator which generates a powerful ultrasonic field. This field acts on the outflowing GLM providing a secondary ~ of liquid droplets.
15 However, such a device is complex in ~,V.~LIu~,Livl~ and requires separate feeding of fluid and liquid.
The method of fire-fighting by a GLM according to USSR Inventor's Certificate No. 1316713, published in the Bulletin of the Inventions No. 22, 1987 - Method'sPrototype, is considered the closest prior art of the method according to the 20 present invention.
One of the basic elements of any fire-fighting means is the nozzle and the quality of ' .,..;, ~ .. of any fire ~ L liquid including a GLM depends on the cv~uul,Livu thereof.
USSR Inventor's Certificate No. 1553151. published in vhe Bulletin of vhe Inven-25 tions No. 12, 1990, discloses a device by means of which a gas-liquid, mist-like spray is formed from a GLM. The device comprises a housmg having a water W09~124274 2 1 8 5 1 4 3 PCT/DK9~/0001~
inlet and an air inlet, a movable rod spring-loading a deflector arranged on an end thereof adjacent an outlet and blocking the outlet, as well as a mixing chamber ~.. , .. ;~-:;.. ~ with the outlet and with the water and air inlet. The mixing chamber ~..... "~ with the water through a ring chamber with the outlet 5 ports to the mixing chamber, said ports being blocked by means of conical valve members rigidly corlnected with the rod and having spiral grooves on their surface. The air rnlet ~ with the mixing chamber through a central channel and radial holes in the rod. Liquid from the ring chamber flows as separate jets to the mixing chamber. Also, ~Idlla~ a~ly directed, cu~ aa~d gas 10 jets enter the mixing chamber and GLM is formed in the chamber. Under the influence of the pressure in the mixing chamber, the deflector plate of the rod is displaced from the openmg, and the GLM sprayed out in a mist-like state.
USSR Inventor's Certificate No. 1426643, published in the Bulletin of the Inventions No. 36, 1988, Apparatus prototype, which is considered the closest 15 prior art to the nozzle of the present invention discloses a gas/liquid no~zle C~.,.ll..;: " a chamber of changing sections into which a GLM is mtroduced.
Liquid and gas passed separately to a first chamber part through a gas and an air rnlet and mixed in said first chamber part. From the first chamber part, the GLMis passed mto a cone-shaped chamber part and ~ ly into a ll~ lC
20 chamber part provided with outlet openings for allowing the mixture to flow into the d~ ua,ul~c. As the GLM leaves through the holes, a blow-like expansion of the c( ~ air tdkes place breaking the liquid film mto mist-like droplets.
The described nozzle is m-~r~ lly ~~ ,' ' ' as to the formation of the mixture of liquid and gas.
25 Disclosure of the Invention The object of the present inYention is to provide a highly efficient method of providmg an atomised spray with very fine droplets using GLM, said method w095/24274 2~1 85 1 43 pcrlDK9sloo~l5 being ~la~ ,uldlly efficient in fire-fighting.
According to tbe invention, this object is obtained by a method of providing a gas/liquid jet having finely atomised liquid droplets comprising the steps of feedmg a mixture of gas and liquid mto a tube provided with at least one outlet 5 nozzle having an outlet opening and being 1~ 7 by the features of the g part of claim 1.
In order to understand the principles of the method according to the invention, various GLM flows through a pipe-line provided with a nozle are considered.
In case of small amounts of gas, i.e. when its mass (~onf~nr~rion in the GLM
lO does not exceed 0,4 weight %, a so-called bubble mode of gas/liquid flow is formed, i.e. gas bubbles (G) are more or less equally distributed in the liquid flow (L), confer Fig. 1. In this case, a stationary (without pulsation) GLM
outflow is observed.
In case of very high amounts of gas in the order of 6 weight %, a pseudo emul-15 sion mode is obtained, where liquid droplets (L) are more or less equally distribu-ted in the gas flow (G), confer Fig. 2. In this case a stationary GLM outflow isalso observed.
Finally, an UIU~ ' mode, a so-called portion or plug mode of the mixture flow, is formed, confer Fig. 3, at certain GLM ..., ~ , in particular when 20 the volume of gas and liquid is close to each other and at certain GLM flow modes (speed, pressure, pipe-line diameter). In this case, separate flows of liquid and gas portions along the pipe-line are provided, said portions being formed bythe liquid surface tension forces causing single liquid droplets to merge, confer USSR Inventor's Certificate No. 1184567, published in the Bulletin of the 25 Inventions No. 38, 1985.
wo 95/24274 2 1 8 5 1 4 3 PcTIDKg5loool~
When utili_ing such a mode, the GLM outflow of the nozzle has a pulsating character due to the essential differences rn the liquid and gas densities. The frequency of such a pulsation depends on the l-Yalue and outflow V, confer Fig.
3.
S In the method according to the invention, such a GLM flow is formed and flows out of the nozzle.
Further, on flowing out of the nozzle the GLM plug flow is subjected to an acoustic filed providing a resonance ~,l,...., ,. ".., For this purpose, a frequency of the generated acoustic field close to the pulsation frequency of the outflowing 10 GLM plug flow or being a multiple thereof is chosen. Thereby, the gas portions influence on liquid portions abruptly increase resulting in a more efficient disper-sion or A~ illll of the liquid.
AS mentioned above, the formation of a plug flow can be made in various ways, for example by selecting an ~ l u~ gas ~ in the GLM. Formation 15 of the acoustic field under resonance conditions with the pulsing GLM flowing out may be provided by means of the nozzle according to the invention or may be provided by other means, e.g. by an acoustic field formed by a separate source, such as an acoustic-electric transducer or a Hartman generator as described in USSR Inventor's Certiflcate No. 1316713.
20 The no771e according to the invention comprising a housrng forming a cavity and having an inlet opening and at least two outlet openmgs is ..l.,.,,, ~ by the .1,~.,.... ;-: ,~ features of clarm 3.
AdVGIIL~ U~ J~ t` of the nozzle according to the invention are disclosed in claims 4 to 6.
25 Nozzles of srrnilar basic ~U~ U11iUlh, are known, (confer p. 90 of "Atomi_ers of wo 95/24274 PCT/DK95/00015 21 ~51 43 liquids. - M., Chemistry, 1979, by D.G. Pazhi and V.S. Galustov), but they have only been used for atomising liquids and not for GLM. The nozzle accordimg to tbe invention is mtended for atomismg a GLM in the plug mode. A very high degree of ^~nmi7:--inn of gas/liquid flow is provided due to a reson;mce cavity or 5 chamber being formed between the bottom wall of the small cylinder amd a radial plane through the outlet hole(s) in said small cylinder. This provides the following mPrh ~ m of droplet ~ when the GLM flows out of the outlet holes.
On the one hand, droplets (' O due to their collision (like jets collisions) and on the other hand liquid droplets add;Liv. ~lly .l;~ under the influence 10 of the oscillation of the GLM gas component takmg place in the closed resonance cavity formed between the end wall of the small cylinder and a radial plane through the outlet hole(s) in said small cylinder.
The principle of the nozzle according to the invention is as follows:
- A GLM plug flow is formed;
lS - The flow is divided into two flows;
- One flow is passed through a first nozzle outlet hole;
- The second flow is directed to a resonance chamber prior to leaving the nozzle through a second nozzle outlet hole;
- In vhe resonance chamber, the GLM gas component energy is converted into the energy of acoustic radiation (acoustic energy);
- The generated acoustic radiation acts on the GLM flow and breaks the liquid droplets.
As the pulsation frequency of the outflowing GLM plug flow and the frequency of vhe acoustic radiation obtained by means of the energy from the O~as component ~5 of the GLM flow equals one another, an effective breaking of the liquid droplets is obtained.
In the known acoustic noz_les, acoustic waves increasmg the frequency of the wo 95/24274 2 1 8 5 1 4 3 PCT/DKg5/OOOlS
surface oscillations of the liquid ~ the liquid jets and improve the Cul~uu~llLly, tne acoustic waves are provided in a gas medium separated from the GI~ under tbe influence of oscillations of special emitters, and the liquid film flowing out of the nozzle output is broken under the influence 5 of the acoustic oscillations of this gas flow, (confer USSR Inventor's Certificate No. 1316713). In the present invention, the source of acoustic oscillations is the GLM gas component and the acoustic oscillations take place in the closed cavity of the nozzle in a self-excitation mode and are superposed on gas/liquid flows in the zone of their collision.
10 Brief Description of the Drawin,es The invention is described in greater detail in the following with reference to the particularly preferred r~ and dCCu~ llyill~ drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a .l;..c"~ illustration of the bubble mode of a GLM flow, Fig. 2 is a ," ~ illustration of the pseudo emulsion mode, 15 Fig.3 is a ~ illustration of the portion or plug mode, Fig.4 is a .l; .rl.ll.l-~;. illustration of the apparatus for carrying out the method according to the invention, Fig. 5 is an illustration of a first ~ udilll~ of the nozzle according to the invention, 20 Fig. 6 is an illustration of a second rll~ of the nozzle according to the invention, in which the end wall of the resonance cavity is modified, Fig. 7 is a .l,..,,"."..,-:;. view of tbe relation of efficiency of fire-fighting WO 9~/24274 PCT/DK9~10001~ --21851~3 using the present inventions.
Best Mode for carrYin~ out vhe Invention The apparatus in Fig. 4 for carrying out the method according to the invention comprises a tube 2 having an end extending into the liquid in the vessel 1. The 5 other end of the tube is comnected to a mixing device or chamber 3 for mixing liquid and gas. Gas is supplied to the mixing device 3 from a gas vessel 4 con-taining a gas via a tube 20 provided with a valve 7 for regulation of the gas flow to the mixing device 3. Further, the apparatus comprises an outlet tube 5 connec-ted at one end to the mixing device 3 and provided with a nozzle 6 at the other 10 end. Finally, the liquid vessel 1 is connected to the gas vessel 4 by means of a tube 21 provided with a valve 8 for regulating the flow of gas to the liquid vessel.
The apparatus operates in the following manmer:
By means of the pressurised gas in the gas vessel 4, fire-~ Iiquid is dispensed from tbe vessel l and fed along vhe tube 2 to the mixing device 3, 15 where the liquid is mixed wivh the gas flowing through the tube 20. The gas/li-quid mixture (GLM) flows along the outlet tube 5 and enters the nozle 6 as a plug flow which is dispensed therefrom. The outflowing flow is subjected to an acoustic field of a frequency cvllc*lul~dill~ to the frequency of the plug flow,whereby a jet of fine atomised droplets is formed. The nozzle 6 may be formed 20 so as to provide tbe acoustic field ad described blow.
The nozzle 6 (confer Fig. 5) comprises a cavity of two different sections formedby a large cylindrical portion 16 having a large cylmdrical bore 9 and small cylmdrical portion 17 having a small cylindrical bore 10. The two portions 16,17are CUII.~ by means of an annular wall 19. The small cylindrical portion 25 17 is closed by means of an end wall 18, thereby formmg a small cavity 14. The inner surface 13 of tbe end wall is plame. Axial outlet holes ll are formed m the ~ WO 95/24274 2 1 8 5 1 4 3 PCT/DK9S100015 annular wall 19 and radial outlet holes 12 are formed in the small cylindrical portion 17. The radial outlet holes 12 are formed at such a distance h from the end wall 18 so as to form a resonance chamber 14 Ih..cb.,~... In said resonan-ce chamber, the energy of the GLM gas component is converted into the energy S of acoustic radiation (acoustic energy) acting on the GLM flowrng out of the outlet holes as described above.
A thread 15 is formed on the inner surface 9 of the nozzle for fastening the nozzle 6 on the outlet tube 5, and the outer surface of the large portion 16 is of a hexagonal shape.
10 The holes 11 and 12 are arranged as pairs of holes having i,~ axes, preferably situated in the same radial plane. In the ClllbOdull~ shown, six evenly distributed pairs of holes are provided ~ u~l~L.cllLidlly.
It should be mentioned that the inner surface 13 of the wall 18 may be of another shape than plane. In Fig. 5, the inner surface 13 of the end wall 18 is formed by 15 an end cutter, and in Fig. 6, the rnner surface is formed by an ordinary drill, for which reason the end surface is conical. Tests have shown that the function of the nozzle does not depend on the inner shape of the end wall 18, but entirely on the existence of the cavity or resonance chdmber 14.
The gas/liquid nozzle of Fig. 5 operates as follows:
20 The GLM, in this case water mixed with carbonic acid, flows under pressure along the outlet tube 5 to the nozzle and into the cavity of large cylindrical bore 9 as a plug flow. A portion of the plug flow leaves the nozzle through the axialholes 11 as a pulsating jet. At the same time, the small chamber 14 acts as a reso-nance chamber, whereby a portion of the flow leaves the radial holes 12 as a 25 pulsating jet. As the axes of the outlet holes 11, 12 of each pair of holes are arranged in the same plane, the gas/liquid jets of each pair collide, whereby WO 95t24274 2 1 8 5 1 4 3 PCT/DK95/OOOIS
refned droplets are formed. At the $ame time, the acoustic filed formed by the GLM gas component acts on the outflowmg jets in the collision zone of the jets causing additional liquid droplets to break.
The standard conditions described in "~ethods of Evaluation of fire-flghting 5 ability of fire r~ h. I~" by O.M. Kurbatsky a.o. were used for testing the method accordmg to the invention employing the nozzle design shown in Fig. 5.
A fre centre of a "131~" type was used as a fire centre comprising a round steeltray with a square of 0.41 m2 and containing a ~ il Ir. matter of 13 litres A-76 petrol, confer pages 8-10, in particular.
10 The tests were carried out on an apparatus constructed according to the principles of the apparatus shown in Fig. 4 and having a liquid vessel contents of 2001 (MIITP-200) and 2 1 (OBM-2), ~ ly . The gas . " r - ~ - . in the GLM
was regulated and nozzles with different depths h of the resonance cavity 14 were used (confer Fig. 5).
15 The efficiency of fire-fighting E can be u,uallliLdLi~ly estimated as a ratio of fire centre square S to water mass M used for its r - l; l lv. . ;~l l; . ~v, e.g. E= SIM (m2/kg. ) The result of the performed tests for MIlTP-200 and OBM-2 are given in Table I and Table 2 l ~ h,.,ly, where the efficiency of fire-fighting E and the time t used for ~.1;"~ ;,* are stated depending on the gas ~ ;.... r in the 20 GLM and the depth h of the resonance cavity or chamber 1~.
The results stated in the tables show that optimum ranges of gas ....,...1l.,.l;.,.. r in the GLM and an optimum depth h exist at which an ~ . ;~lc increase in E
and decrease in t are obtained.
W095l24274 2 i 8 5 1 4 3 PCTIDK9S/000l5 Table 1 Fire-fighting efficiency, m2/kg; sec NResonance Gas c.",~ ;.", %
cavity depth (h), mm 0.4 2.0 4.0 5.0 3.0 0.12; 9.0 0.20; 5.0 0.25; 5.0 0.28; 4.0 S 2 5.0 0.11; 10.0 0.22; 5.0 0.24; 5.0 0.25; 5.0 38.0 0.11; 11.0 0.40; 3.0 0.38; 3.0 0.36; 3.0 410.0 0.10; 11.0 0.25; 5.0 0.28; 4.0 0.28; 4.0 Fire-fighting efficiency, m2/kg; sec 10 N Resonance Gas ~ %
cavity depth 0.4 2.0 4.0 5.0 (h), mm 1.0 not extin. 0.25; 16.0 0.26; 15.0 0.28; 14.0 2 2.0 not extin. 0.40; 10.0 0.38; 11.0 0.36; 12.0 3 4.0 0.22; 18.0 0.42; 9.0 0.40; 10.0 0.38; 11.0 4 6.0 not extin. 0.26; 15.0 0.26; 15.0 0.25; 16.0 lS For MIlTP-200 the optrmum gas ~ range is about 2-35 amd the op-trmum value is h = 8 mm and for OBM-2 the same gas ~.--.. ~1.. ~1;.~. range, but at h values of about 2-3 mm.
The mentioned gas ~..,., ...1.,-l;.~l..~ correspond to a plug flow of the GLM flowing into the nozzle, wbich was shown by of the vibrations of the outlet tube feeding20 the GLM to the nozzle. As the diameters of the outlet tube of the MlITP-200 and the OBM-2 differ from one another, the GLM plug flow flowing out is different from one another. The g~r~m~trir:ll parameters of the resonance cavities 14 WO 95~24274 2 l 8 5 1 4 3 PCT/DK95100015 providing resonance oscillations differ ~:u~lc~ol~d;ll~ly.
Analogous tests were carried out usrng an apparatus, OBM-10, having a water contents of 101. The results of these tests are presented (confer Fig. 7) by means of cunes showmg the fire ~ .g efficiency E as a function of the gas con-S centration r in the GLM, the resorlance cavity depth h and the pressure p. It canbe seen that in the r range from 0.6 to 2.~ and h = 5 =m~m an increase in E
occurs, which is typical of the reson mce ~ .l l This is ~ u~ evident m ~ with the curve plotted for h = 2 mm. In the latter case, such resonance cavity depth does not provide a generation of oscillation resonance in10 relation to the frequency of GLM plug flow flowing into the nozzle and only auniform increase in the fire ~. I;l~,,..; l l,v efficiency E due to the gas component in the GLM can be seen.
Thus, the tests carried out show the advantages obtained by the present invention in relation to fire-fighting meams, and in particular, that a substantial increase (at 15 least 1.5 times) in efficiency may be obtained in ~v~ u.. with the known means. The efficiency of fire-fighting with a powder fire-~ ,. (OM-lû) is shown in Fig. .7 for Cu~ iaull.
The tests carried out using varying fire-fighting meaps differing from each other marnly by the diameter of the GLM outlet tube and the GLM pressure show that 20 the plug mode of the GLM flowing out can be provided and that the dimensions of the nozzle resonance cavity cam be selected so that the fire . .li.,~,.;~l.;,.~
liquid flowing out breaks mto very fine droplets due to the resonance phenome-non. Thus, at additional tests, excellent results have been obtained with flow velocities ranging from 3 mlsec to 10 m/sec rn the outlet tube 5 providrng a plug 25 flow with a frequency of 25 to 50 kHz.
.
Technical Field The present invention relates to a method and a nozle for providing a gas/liquid5 jet having finely atomised liquid droplets and is especially but not exclusively directed towards the field of fire-fighting and can be used in relation to both portable fire ~ h ~ and stationary fire-fighting systems.
Backvround Art It is known from "Physical and Chemical bases of the d~ and extin-10 guishing of fires", 1980, pp. 182-187 by E.M. Abduraimov and Yu. V. Govorov that the efficiency of fire-fighting increases essentially in c ~ IA 1;~-111 with the use of solid jets of frre-fighting liquid or jeoe with large droplets when feeding frnely atomized fire r~ liquid to the fire centre. The increase in fire-fighting efficiency is due to the heat exchange processes between the small liquid droplets 15 and the fire centre being intensified. This results in a t~ ,ld~ulc decrease in the fire centre to the L.. l.~J.. ~.. c of flame extinction and in decreased of fire; , ' ~ liquid.
Thus, to increase the fire-fighting efficiency it is necessary to provide ~urrlC;C,l,ly high degree of liquid 20 Various methods of atomising fire r~ v liquid are known as well as apparatus for carrying out said methods. One of the most efficient methods of atomising liquid is feeding of a gas/liquid mixture (in the following called GLM) through a spray nozzle as disclosed in USSR Inventor's Certificate No. 1353444, published in the Bulletin of the Inventions No. 43, 1987. In this case, under equal 25 pressure, the GLM leaves the no771e at a higher speed than a pure liquid flow.
WO 95/24274 PCT/D1~9S/0001~ --21 ~51 ~3 It is known from "Atomizers of liquids. - M., Chemistry, 1979, by D.G. Pazhi and V.S. Galustov that an increase of vhe speed of the liquid outflow improves the ~i..",;, li.". thereof. The method of liquid ~ ,,.l;~-';-l.l used in the fire extin-guisher is a typical example tbereof as disclosed by USSR Inventor's Certificate5 No. 1225585, published in the Bulletin of the Inventions No. 15, 1986. Due to the high gas/liquid ratio and the high gas pressure, a higher speed of liquid outflow is provided.
USSR Inventor's Certificate N. 1316713, published in the Bulletin of the Inven-tions No. 22, 1987 - Method's Prototype, discloses vhat an even higher degree of 10 ' ~ may be achieved by ~u~ vai~ acoustic vibrations on the outflowing GLM. Two flows are provided in this devise, viz. the GLM flow and the gas flow. The gas flowing out of the Laval nozzle is directed to a specially installed Hartman generator which generates a powerful ultrasonic field. This field acts on the outflowing GLM providing a secondary ~ of liquid droplets.
15 However, such a device is complex in ~,V.~LIu~,Livl~ and requires separate feeding of fluid and liquid.
The method of fire-fighting by a GLM according to USSR Inventor's Certificate No. 1316713, published in the Bulletin of the Inventions No. 22, 1987 - Method'sPrototype, is considered the closest prior art of the method according to the 20 present invention.
One of the basic elements of any fire-fighting means is the nozzle and the quality of ' .,..;, ~ .. of any fire ~ L liquid including a GLM depends on the cv~uul,Livu thereof.
USSR Inventor's Certificate No. 1553151. published in vhe Bulletin of vhe Inven-25 tions No. 12, 1990, discloses a device by means of which a gas-liquid, mist-like spray is formed from a GLM. The device comprises a housmg having a water W09~124274 2 1 8 5 1 4 3 PCT/DK9~/0001~
inlet and an air inlet, a movable rod spring-loading a deflector arranged on an end thereof adjacent an outlet and blocking the outlet, as well as a mixing chamber ~.. , .. ;~-:;.. ~ with the outlet and with the water and air inlet. The mixing chamber ~..... "~ with the water through a ring chamber with the outlet 5 ports to the mixing chamber, said ports being blocked by means of conical valve members rigidly corlnected with the rod and having spiral grooves on their surface. The air rnlet ~ with the mixing chamber through a central channel and radial holes in the rod. Liquid from the ring chamber flows as separate jets to the mixing chamber. Also, ~Idlla~ a~ly directed, cu~ aa~d gas 10 jets enter the mixing chamber and GLM is formed in the chamber. Under the influence of the pressure in the mixing chamber, the deflector plate of the rod is displaced from the openmg, and the GLM sprayed out in a mist-like state.
USSR Inventor's Certificate No. 1426643, published in the Bulletin of the Inventions No. 36, 1988, Apparatus prototype, which is considered the closest 15 prior art to the nozzle of the present invention discloses a gas/liquid no~zle C~.,.ll..;: " a chamber of changing sections into which a GLM is mtroduced.
Liquid and gas passed separately to a first chamber part through a gas and an air rnlet and mixed in said first chamber part. From the first chamber part, the GLMis passed mto a cone-shaped chamber part and ~ ly into a ll~ lC
20 chamber part provided with outlet openings for allowing the mixture to flow into the d~ ua,ul~c. As the GLM leaves through the holes, a blow-like expansion of the c( ~ air tdkes place breaking the liquid film mto mist-like droplets.
The described nozzle is m-~r~ lly ~~ ,' ' ' as to the formation of the mixture of liquid and gas.
25 Disclosure of the Invention The object of the present inYention is to provide a highly efficient method of providmg an atomised spray with very fine droplets using GLM, said method w095/24274 2~1 85 1 43 pcrlDK9sloo~l5 being ~la~ ,uldlly efficient in fire-fighting.
According to tbe invention, this object is obtained by a method of providing a gas/liquid jet having finely atomised liquid droplets comprising the steps of feedmg a mixture of gas and liquid mto a tube provided with at least one outlet 5 nozzle having an outlet opening and being 1~ 7 by the features of the g part of claim 1.
In order to understand the principles of the method according to the invention, various GLM flows through a pipe-line provided with a nozle are considered.
In case of small amounts of gas, i.e. when its mass (~onf~nr~rion in the GLM
lO does not exceed 0,4 weight %, a so-called bubble mode of gas/liquid flow is formed, i.e. gas bubbles (G) are more or less equally distributed in the liquid flow (L), confer Fig. 1. In this case, a stationary (without pulsation) GLM
outflow is observed.
In case of very high amounts of gas in the order of 6 weight %, a pseudo emul-15 sion mode is obtained, where liquid droplets (L) are more or less equally distribu-ted in the gas flow (G), confer Fig. 2. In this case a stationary GLM outflow isalso observed.
Finally, an UIU~ ' mode, a so-called portion or plug mode of the mixture flow, is formed, confer Fig. 3, at certain GLM ..., ~ , in particular when 20 the volume of gas and liquid is close to each other and at certain GLM flow modes (speed, pressure, pipe-line diameter). In this case, separate flows of liquid and gas portions along the pipe-line are provided, said portions being formed bythe liquid surface tension forces causing single liquid droplets to merge, confer USSR Inventor's Certificate No. 1184567, published in the Bulletin of the 25 Inventions No. 38, 1985.
wo 95/24274 2 1 8 5 1 4 3 PcTIDKg5loool~
When utili_ing such a mode, the GLM outflow of the nozzle has a pulsating character due to the essential differences rn the liquid and gas densities. The frequency of such a pulsation depends on the l-Yalue and outflow V, confer Fig.
3.
S In the method according to the invention, such a GLM flow is formed and flows out of the nozzle.
Further, on flowing out of the nozzle the GLM plug flow is subjected to an acoustic filed providing a resonance ~,l,...., ,. ".., For this purpose, a frequency of the generated acoustic field close to the pulsation frequency of the outflowing 10 GLM plug flow or being a multiple thereof is chosen. Thereby, the gas portions influence on liquid portions abruptly increase resulting in a more efficient disper-sion or A~ illll of the liquid.
AS mentioned above, the formation of a plug flow can be made in various ways, for example by selecting an ~ l u~ gas ~ in the GLM. Formation 15 of the acoustic field under resonance conditions with the pulsing GLM flowing out may be provided by means of the nozzle according to the invention or may be provided by other means, e.g. by an acoustic field formed by a separate source, such as an acoustic-electric transducer or a Hartman generator as described in USSR Inventor's Certiflcate No. 1316713.
20 The no771e according to the invention comprising a housrng forming a cavity and having an inlet opening and at least two outlet openmgs is ..l.,.,,, ~ by the .1,~.,.... ;-: ,~ features of clarm 3.
AdVGIIL~ U~ J~ t` of the nozzle according to the invention are disclosed in claims 4 to 6.
25 Nozzles of srrnilar basic ~U~ U11iUlh, are known, (confer p. 90 of "Atomi_ers of wo 95/24274 PCT/DK95/00015 21 ~51 43 liquids. - M., Chemistry, 1979, by D.G. Pazhi and V.S. Galustov), but they have only been used for atomising liquids and not for GLM. The nozzle accordimg to tbe invention is mtended for atomismg a GLM in the plug mode. A very high degree of ^~nmi7:--inn of gas/liquid flow is provided due to a reson;mce cavity or 5 chamber being formed between the bottom wall of the small cylinder amd a radial plane through the outlet hole(s) in said small cylinder. This provides the following mPrh ~ m of droplet ~ when the GLM flows out of the outlet holes.
On the one hand, droplets (' O due to their collision (like jets collisions) and on the other hand liquid droplets add;Liv. ~lly .l;~ under the influence 10 of the oscillation of the GLM gas component takmg place in the closed resonance cavity formed between the end wall of the small cylinder and a radial plane through the outlet hole(s) in said small cylinder.
The principle of the nozzle according to the invention is as follows:
- A GLM plug flow is formed;
lS - The flow is divided into two flows;
- One flow is passed through a first nozzle outlet hole;
- The second flow is directed to a resonance chamber prior to leaving the nozzle through a second nozzle outlet hole;
- In vhe resonance chamber, the GLM gas component energy is converted into the energy of acoustic radiation (acoustic energy);
- The generated acoustic radiation acts on the GLM flow and breaks the liquid droplets.
As the pulsation frequency of the outflowing GLM plug flow and the frequency of vhe acoustic radiation obtained by means of the energy from the O~as component ~5 of the GLM flow equals one another, an effective breaking of the liquid droplets is obtained.
In the known acoustic noz_les, acoustic waves increasmg the frequency of the wo 95/24274 2 1 8 5 1 4 3 PCT/DKg5/OOOlS
surface oscillations of the liquid ~ the liquid jets and improve the Cul~uu~llLly, tne acoustic waves are provided in a gas medium separated from the GI~ under tbe influence of oscillations of special emitters, and the liquid film flowing out of the nozzle output is broken under the influence 5 of the acoustic oscillations of this gas flow, (confer USSR Inventor's Certificate No. 1316713). In the present invention, the source of acoustic oscillations is the GLM gas component and the acoustic oscillations take place in the closed cavity of the nozzle in a self-excitation mode and are superposed on gas/liquid flows in the zone of their collision.
10 Brief Description of the Drawin,es The invention is described in greater detail in the following with reference to the particularly preferred r~ and dCCu~ llyill~ drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a .l;..c"~ illustration of the bubble mode of a GLM flow, Fig. 2 is a ," ~ illustration of the pseudo emulsion mode, 15 Fig.3 is a ~ illustration of the portion or plug mode, Fig.4 is a .l; .rl.ll.l-~;. illustration of the apparatus for carrying out the method according to the invention, Fig. 5 is an illustration of a first ~ udilll~ of the nozzle according to the invention, 20 Fig. 6 is an illustration of a second rll~ of the nozzle according to the invention, in which the end wall of the resonance cavity is modified, Fig. 7 is a .l,..,,"."..,-:;. view of tbe relation of efficiency of fire-fighting WO 9~/24274 PCT/DK9~10001~ --21851~3 using the present inventions.
Best Mode for carrYin~ out vhe Invention The apparatus in Fig. 4 for carrying out the method according to the invention comprises a tube 2 having an end extending into the liquid in the vessel 1. The 5 other end of the tube is comnected to a mixing device or chamber 3 for mixing liquid and gas. Gas is supplied to the mixing device 3 from a gas vessel 4 con-taining a gas via a tube 20 provided with a valve 7 for regulation of the gas flow to the mixing device 3. Further, the apparatus comprises an outlet tube 5 connec-ted at one end to the mixing device 3 and provided with a nozzle 6 at the other 10 end. Finally, the liquid vessel 1 is connected to the gas vessel 4 by means of a tube 21 provided with a valve 8 for regulating the flow of gas to the liquid vessel.
The apparatus operates in the following manmer:
By means of the pressurised gas in the gas vessel 4, fire-~ Iiquid is dispensed from tbe vessel l and fed along vhe tube 2 to the mixing device 3, 15 where the liquid is mixed wivh the gas flowing through the tube 20. The gas/li-quid mixture (GLM) flows along the outlet tube 5 and enters the nozle 6 as a plug flow which is dispensed therefrom. The outflowing flow is subjected to an acoustic field of a frequency cvllc*lul~dill~ to the frequency of the plug flow,whereby a jet of fine atomised droplets is formed. The nozzle 6 may be formed 20 so as to provide tbe acoustic field ad described blow.
The nozzle 6 (confer Fig. 5) comprises a cavity of two different sections formedby a large cylindrical portion 16 having a large cylmdrical bore 9 and small cylmdrical portion 17 having a small cylindrical bore 10. The two portions 16,17are CUII.~ by means of an annular wall 19. The small cylindrical portion 25 17 is closed by means of an end wall 18, thereby formmg a small cavity 14. The inner surface 13 of tbe end wall is plame. Axial outlet holes ll are formed m the ~ WO 95/24274 2 1 8 5 1 4 3 PCT/DK9S100015 annular wall 19 and radial outlet holes 12 are formed in the small cylindrical portion 17. The radial outlet holes 12 are formed at such a distance h from the end wall 18 so as to form a resonance chamber 14 Ih..cb.,~... In said resonan-ce chamber, the energy of the GLM gas component is converted into the energy S of acoustic radiation (acoustic energy) acting on the GLM flowrng out of the outlet holes as described above.
A thread 15 is formed on the inner surface 9 of the nozzle for fastening the nozzle 6 on the outlet tube 5, and the outer surface of the large portion 16 is of a hexagonal shape.
10 The holes 11 and 12 are arranged as pairs of holes having i,~ axes, preferably situated in the same radial plane. In the ClllbOdull~ shown, six evenly distributed pairs of holes are provided ~ u~l~L.cllLidlly.
It should be mentioned that the inner surface 13 of the wall 18 may be of another shape than plane. In Fig. 5, the inner surface 13 of the end wall 18 is formed by 15 an end cutter, and in Fig. 6, the rnner surface is formed by an ordinary drill, for which reason the end surface is conical. Tests have shown that the function of the nozzle does not depend on the inner shape of the end wall 18, but entirely on the existence of the cavity or resonance chdmber 14.
The gas/liquid nozzle of Fig. 5 operates as follows:
20 The GLM, in this case water mixed with carbonic acid, flows under pressure along the outlet tube 5 to the nozzle and into the cavity of large cylindrical bore 9 as a plug flow. A portion of the plug flow leaves the nozzle through the axialholes 11 as a pulsating jet. At the same time, the small chamber 14 acts as a reso-nance chamber, whereby a portion of the flow leaves the radial holes 12 as a 25 pulsating jet. As the axes of the outlet holes 11, 12 of each pair of holes are arranged in the same plane, the gas/liquid jets of each pair collide, whereby WO 95t24274 2 1 8 5 1 4 3 PCT/DK95/OOOIS
refned droplets are formed. At the $ame time, the acoustic filed formed by the GLM gas component acts on the outflowmg jets in the collision zone of the jets causing additional liquid droplets to break.
The standard conditions described in "~ethods of Evaluation of fire-flghting 5 ability of fire r~ h. I~" by O.M. Kurbatsky a.o. were used for testing the method accordmg to the invention employing the nozzle design shown in Fig. 5.
A fre centre of a "131~" type was used as a fire centre comprising a round steeltray with a square of 0.41 m2 and containing a ~ il Ir. matter of 13 litres A-76 petrol, confer pages 8-10, in particular.
10 The tests were carried out on an apparatus constructed according to the principles of the apparatus shown in Fig. 4 and having a liquid vessel contents of 2001 (MIITP-200) and 2 1 (OBM-2), ~ ly . The gas . " r - ~ - . in the GLM
was regulated and nozzles with different depths h of the resonance cavity 14 were used (confer Fig. 5).
15 The efficiency of fire-fighting E can be u,uallliLdLi~ly estimated as a ratio of fire centre square S to water mass M used for its r - l; l lv. . ;~l l; . ~v, e.g. E= SIM (m2/kg. ) The result of the performed tests for MIlTP-200 and OBM-2 are given in Table I and Table 2 l ~ h,.,ly, where the efficiency of fire-fighting E and the time t used for ~.1;"~ ;,* are stated depending on the gas ~ ;.... r in the 20 GLM and the depth h of the resonance cavity or chamber 1~.
The results stated in the tables show that optimum ranges of gas ....,...1l.,.l;.,.. r in the GLM and an optimum depth h exist at which an ~ . ;~lc increase in E
and decrease in t are obtained.
W095l24274 2 i 8 5 1 4 3 PCTIDK9S/000l5 Table 1 Fire-fighting efficiency, m2/kg; sec NResonance Gas c.",~ ;.", %
cavity depth (h), mm 0.4 2.0 4.0 5.0 3.0 0.12; 9.0 0.20; 5.0 0.25; 5.0 0.28; 4.0 S 2 5.0 0.11; 10.0 0.22; 5.0 0.24; 5.0 0.25; 5.0 38.0 0.11; 11.0 0.40; 3.0 0.38; 3.0 0.36; 3.0 410.0 0.10; 11.0 0.25; 5.0 0.28; 4.0 0.28; 4.0 Fire-fighting efficiency, m2/kg; sec 10 N Resonance Gas ~ %
cavity depth 0.4 2.0 4.0 5.0 (h), mm 1.0 not extin. 0.25; 16.0 0.26; 15.0 0.28; 14.0 2 2.0 not extin. 0.40; 10.0 0.38; 11.0 0.36; 12.0 3 4.0 0.22; 18.0 0.42; 9.0 0.40; 10.0 0.38; 11.0 4 6.0 not extin. 0.26; 15.0 0.26; 15.0 0.25; 16.0 lS For MIlTP-200 the optrmum gas ~ range is about 2-35 amd the op-trmum value is h = 8 mm and for OBM-2 the same gas ~.--.. ~1.. ~1;.~. range, but at h values of about 2-3 mm.
The mentioned gas ~..,., ...1.,-l;.~l..~ correspond to a plug flow of the GLM flowing into the nozzle, wbich was shown by of the vibrations of the outlet tube feeding20 the GLM to the nozzle. As the diameters of the outlet tube of the MlITP-200 and the OBM-2 differ from one another, the GLM plug flow flowing out is different from one another. The g~r~m~trir:ll parameters of the resonance cavities 14 WO 95~24274 2 l 8 5 1 4 3 PCT/DK95100015 providing resonance oscillations differ ~:u~lc~ol~d;ll~ly.
Analogous tests were carried out usrng an apparatus, OBM-10, having a water contents of 101. The results of these tests are presented (confer Fig. 7) by means of cunes showmg the fire ~ .g efficiency E as a function of the gas con-S centration r in the GLM, the resorlance cavity depth h and the pressure p. It canbe seen that in the r range from 0.6 to 2.~ and h = 5 =m~m an increase in E
occurs, which is typical of the reson mce ~ .l l This is ~ u~ evident m ~ with the curve plotted for h = 2 mm. In the latter case, such resonance cavity depth does not provide a generation of oscillation resonance in10 relation to the frequency of GLM plug flow flowing into the nozzle and only auniform increase in the fire ~. I;l~,,..; l l,v efficiency E due to the gas component in the GLM can be seen.
Thus, the tests carried out show the advantages obtained by the present invention in relation to fire-fighting meams, and in particular, that a substantial increase (at 15 least 1.5 times) in efficiency may be obtained in ~v~ u.. with the known means. The efficiency of fire-fighting with a powder fire-~ ,. (OM-lû) is shown in Fig. .7 for Cu~ iaull.
The tests carried out using varying fire-fighting meaps differing from each other marnly by the diameter of the GLM outlet tube and the GLM pressure show that 20 the plug mode of the GLM flowing out can be provided and that the dimensions of the nozzle resonance cavity cam be selected so that the fire . .li.,~,.;~l.;,.~
liquid flowing out breaks mto very fine droplets due to the resonance phenome-non. Thus, at additional tests, excellent results have been obtained with flow velocities ranging from 3 mlsec to 10 m/sec rn the outlet tube 5 providrng a plug 25 flow with a frequency of 25 to 50 kHz.
Claims (6)
1. A method of providing a gas/liquid jet having finely atomised liquid droplets comprising the steps of feeding a mixture of gas and liquid into a tubeprovided with at least one outlet nozzle having an outlet opening, c h a r a c t e-r i s e d in that a plug flow is formed (i.e. a flow in which liquid portions and gas portions are separate from each other) in the tube before the flow leaves the nozzle, and subjecting the outflowing plug flow to an acoustic field, being essentially a multiple of the frequency of the plug flow.
2. A method according to claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i s e d in that the frequency of the acoustic field essentially corresponds to the frequency of the plug flow.
3. A nozzle to be used in connection with the method of claim 1 or 2 comprising a housing forming a cavity and having an inlet opening and at least two outlet openings (11,12), c h a r a c t e r i s e d in that the cavity of thenozzle is formed by two coaxial inner cylindrical faces (9,10) of the housing having differing diameters, an annular face interconnecting the two cylindrical faces (9,10) at one end thereof and being formed on an annular wall (19) of the housing, and a bottom face (13) at an end of the small cylindrical face (10) opposite the annular face, the end of the large cylindrical face (9) opposite the annular face forming the inlet opening of the nozzle, said nozzle further compris-ing at least one pair of outlet openings, a first outlet opening (11) being formed in the annular wall (19) and a second outlet opening (12) being formed in a portion of the housing forming the small cylindrical face (17), the said outlet openings (11,12) having intersecting axes, a resonance chamber (14) being formedbetween the bottom face (13) and the opening (12) in the small cylindrical face (17).
4. A nozzle according to claim 3, c h a r a c t e r i s e d in that the axes of each pair of outlet openings (11,12) are arranged in a mutual radial plane through the axes of the cylindrical faces.
5. A nozzle according to claim 3 or 4, c h a r a c t e r i s e d in that the axis of the outlet opening (11) in the annular wall (19) extends parallel to the axes of the cylindrical faces (9,10) and the axis of the outlet opening (12) in the portion of the housing forming the small cylindrical face (10) extending radially.
6. A nozzle according to claim one or more of the claims 3-5, c h a r a c-t e r i s e d in that the nozzle is provided with a plurality of equally spaced pairs of outlet openings (11,12) in the annular wall (19) and in the portion of the housing forming the small cylindrical face (10), respectively.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| RU94008979/12A RU2074544C1 (en) | 1994-03-10 | 1994-03-10 | METHOD FOR FIRE FIGHTING A GAS-LIQUID MIXTURE AND A GAS-LIQUID NOZZLE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION |
| RU94008979 | 1994-03-10 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2185143A1 true CA2185143A1 (en) | 1995-09-14 |
Family
ID=20153535
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2185143 Abandoned CA2185143A1 (en) | 1994-03-10 | 1995-01-10 | Method and nozzle for providing a flow with separated gas and liquid portions subjected to an acoustic field |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0749360A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH09509882A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1147214A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU1661895A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9507019A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2185143A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI963536A0 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2074544C1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1995024274A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0798019A1 (en) * | 1996-03-30 | 1997-10-01 | Minimax GmbH | Method and device for the atomisation of a liquid fire extinguishing agent in a stationary fire extinguishing plant |
| US6044910A (en) * | 1997-03-26 | 2000-04-04 | Asea Brown Boveri Ag | Mixing device for fluids |
| NL1008969C2 (en) * | 1998-04-23 | 1999-10-26 | H T Research B V | Water based fire extinguisher with two gas bottles uses one gas bottle to propel water and the other to form flow of water into fine spray |
| EP1078653A1 (en) | 1999-08-24 | 2001-02-28 | Asea Brown Boveri Ag | Device for inserting an inert gas in a fire extinguishing agent |
| DE50111557D1 (en) * | 2001-09-15 | 2007-01-11 | Siemens Schweiz Ag | Process for fire extinguishing and extinguishing system |
| GB2386835B (en) | 2002-03-28 | 2005-04-27 | Kidde Plc | Fire and explosion suppression |
| EP1454658B1 (en) | 2003-03-04 | 2008-03-19 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Method and system for fire suppressing |
| PL221050B1 (en) | 2010-01-12 | 2016-02-29 | Telesto Spółka Z Ograniczoną Odpowiedzialnością | Device for regulating the two-phase flow and portable fluid atomizer with two-phase fluid flow |
| CN102019252B (en) * | 2010-06-01 | 2013-02-20 | 陈尚文 | Gas atomizing and spraying device |
| DE102010022789A1 (en) * | 2010-06-04 | 2011-12-08 | Hne Technologie Ag | Water / foam fire extinguisher with adjustable foam consistency |
| US20140138102A1 (en) * | 2011-06-22 | 2014-05-22 | May L. Corn | Effervescent fire suppression |
| EP2766097A4 (en) * | 2011-10-14 | 2015-11-18 | Utc Fire & Security Corp | Method of installing misting fire suppression sprinklers into a building previously containing at least one other type of sprinkler |
| RU2551067C1 (en) * | 2014-06-09 | 2015-05-20 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "НПО ЭТЕРНИС" | Sprinkler for dispersion of fire extinguishing liquid of fire extinguishing unit |
| DE102015202574A1 (en) | 2015-02-12 | 2016-08-18 | Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg | Apparatus and method for dispensing particles aligned using an acoustic field in free-flying drops |
| CN105499047A (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2016-04-20 | 苏州市计量测试研究所 | Novel aerosol atomizing device |
| CN114225275A (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-03-25 | 蓝菁(上海)安全技术有限公司 | Method for improving atomization capability of spray head and reducing spray noise and spray head |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB629335A (en) * | 1946-05-20 | 1949-09-16 | Thompson Wilson Burnam | Fog nozzle for fire hoses |
| GB629365A (en) * | 1946-05-24 | 1949-09-19 | Thompson Wilson Burnam | Fire extingishing nozzle and distributor head |
-
1994
- 1994-03-10 RU RU94008979/12A patent/RU2074544C1/en active
-
1995
- 1995-01-10 AU AU16618/95A patent/AU1661895A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-01-10 WO PCT/DK1995/000015 patent/WO1995024274A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-01-10 BR BR9507019A patent/BR9507019A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-01-10 JP JP7523162A patent/JPH09509882A/en active Pending
- 1995-01-10 CA CA 2185143 patent/CA2185143A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-01-10 CN CN 95192864 patent/CN1147214A/en active Pending
- 1995-01-10 EP EP95908201A patent/EP0749360A1/en not_active Ceased
-
1996
- 1996-09-09 FI FI963536A patent/FI963536A0/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BR9507019A (en) | 1997-09-09 |
| FI963536A (en) | 1996-09-09 |
| FI963536A0 (en) | 1996-09-09 |
| EP0749360A1 (en) | 1996-12-27 |
| WO1995024274A1 (en) | 1995-09-14 |
| RU2074544C1 (en) | 1997-02-27 |
| RU94008979A (en) | 1997-02-27 |
| JPH09509882A (en) | 1997-10-07 |
| CN1147214A (en) | 1997-04-09 |
| AU1661895A (en) | 1995-09-25 |
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