CA2178066A1

CA2178066A1 - Dp-iv-serine protease inhibitors

Info

Publication number: CA2178066A1
Application number: CA002178066A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Paul D. Jenkins; D. Michael Jones; Michael Szelke
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Ferring BV
Priority date: 1993-12-03
Filing date: 1994-11-30
Publication date: 1995-06-08
Also published as: US5939560A; HUT76274A; CN1141033A; PL182723B1; NO962269L; JPH09509921A; FI962315A; JP3970317B2; PL314838A1; NO962269D0; US6201132B1; CZ289931B6; WO1995015309A1; FI962315A0; AU1113395A; IL111785A0; CN1079792C; FI115629B; HU9601508D0; KR100347828B1

Abstract

Compounds selected from those of general formula A-B (Groups I and II) and <IMG> and <IMG> (Group III) where B is <IMG> and A is selected iron specified aminoacyl compounds are inhibitors of DP-IV mediated processes.

Description

ENZYME INHIE~ITORS
Bac3cvround - =
DP-IV (EC 3.4.14.5) is a membrane-bound s~tine protease first identified in rat kidney by its ability to cleave dipeptides from the N-terminus of certan peptides ¢Iopsu-Havu, V.K.
and Glenner, G.G., ~istochemie 1966 7, 197~. The dipeptides must be of the t,Ype X-Pro or X-Ala where X = any amino acid. X-Proline is more ef~lcicntly cleaved than X-Ala _ DP-IV is widely disttibuted in manmalian tissnes and is found in great abundance in the kidney intestinal epithelium and placenta (Yaron, A. and Naider, F., Critical Reviews in Biochem. ~rol. Biol. 1993, 28 (I), 31~. ~n the human immune syst~m the en~yme isexpressed almQst exclusively by aciYa~ed T-lymphocytes of the CD4+ type where the enzyrne has been shown to be synonymous with the cell-surface antigen CD26.
The exact role of DP-IV in hnman physiology is not completely understood but recent research has shown that the en~ytne clearly has a major role in human physiology and pathophysiology, eg.
(a) The immune tesponse: DP-lV expression is increased in T-cells upon mitogenic or antiaenic ~hm~ nll (Mattem, T. et a., Scand. J. ~mtnunol. 1991, ~, 737). It has been repQrted that inhibitors of DP-IV and antibodies to DP-IV suppress the proliferation of mitogen- and anigen-stirnulated T-cells in a dose-dependant manner (Schon, E. et al., Biol. Chem. rroppe-Sev~er 19917 ~, 3~5 and refs. witbin).
Various other functions of T-lymphocytes such as cytokine production, Il:-2 mediated cell proliferation and B-cell helper activity have been shown to be dependant on DP-IV activity (Schon, E. et a., Scand ~. Immunol. 1989, ~, 1~7).
. Recently, DP-IV inhibitors based on bULU~UIill~ where reported (Flentke, G.R et al., Proc. Nat~. Acad. Sci. US~ 1991, ~ 1556) which, although unstable, were effective in inhibiting antigen-induced lYIL~ O~YLC proliferation and IL-~ production in murine CD4+ T-helper cells. Such boronic acid inhibitors have been shown to have an effect in vivo in mice causing :~U~ iUII of antiSody production induced by immutle chalIenge (Kubot~ T. et al., Clin E~p. ~mtnunol. 199~7 ~27 192). Other recent papers aso provide evidence for the involvement of DP-IV in the immune response (eg. Tanaka7 T. et al.7 Proc. Na~l. Acad. Sci. NY 19937 ~g 4586; Hegen, M.
et al., Cel~ ~mmun. 1993, ~ ~49; Subrananyan, M. et a., ~. rmmuno~. 1993, l~û, 2544).

The Impor~Lnce of DP-lV is atttibuted by some Lnvestigators to iLs cell-suIface association wiLh the ~ " ,., ~ rhosph~t~ CD4~ (Torirnoto, Y et al.. J.
~rmu~nol 1991, ~, ?514). Tne CD~.5 - DP-LV association is possibly disrupted by DP-LV in_ibitors cr non-active sile ligands. CD45 is kno~rn to be an integral component of T-cell signalling ~b) Recently, a press release from tne Pasteur Lnsilule in Parls (and sllhs~ rriy a pr~$~-~t~n~ by A G. Hovanessian at the ~th CenL Gardes Meeting, Paris. 25-77th : :~
October 19g3) repor.ed that DP-IV was essential for the penetration and irlfectiviy of HLV-I and HLV-_ Yirnses in CD4 T-ceLls. The French gmup claimed that DP-IV
interacted with and tnay have cleaved the V3 loop of the gp L2~ envelope glyco-protein of the YLrUS They a~so repor~ed that ilahibitors or antdbodies to DP-LV
successfully preYented entry of the virLLs into cells. It was known previously that there is a selecive decIease of CD26 expression in T ceLls hmm HIV-l infected individuals (Valle-~lazquez, ~L et a~., J ~rnrn~mo~. 199?, ~, 3073), and that HlV-l Ta~ protein binds to DP-LV (SUIJIaLU~IY~. U~ M. ~t al, J f7un~no~. I993, 150, 2544).
(c) It has been shown recendy that lung endotheLial DP-LV is an adhesion molecule for lung-metastanc rat breasl and proslate carcinoma ceLLs (Johnson, ~C el aL, J. Ceil.
Bio~. 1993, l2l, 1423). DP-LV is known to birld to fibroneclin and sor e metastatic mmour cerLs are known to car;y ~arge amountS of Eibronecin on their sur~ace.
(d) DP-lV has been shown to associate with the enzyme adenosine L~eaminase (ADA)on the surface o T-ceLls (K~meok~, J. et a~., Science, 1993, ~, 460'). ADA
deiciency causes severe combined ,1~ y disease (SCID) in humans.
This ADA-CD~6 interacrLon may proYide clues w the y~luy~lya;ulO~y of SCID.
~e) High levels of DP-IV e~cpression have been found Ln hutnan skin fibroblast ceLls Erom patienrs with psoriasis, rh-umawid arLhritis (RA) and ~ichen planns (Raynaud, ~. et al., ~. Ce~. PkYsio~. ~39~, ~, 3'7~). ~
(f) High DP-IV ac~iviy has been found in tissue 1~ Erom patients with benign prostate hyy~ uy~ly and in yll ~ 5 These are prostate d~ived organeLles imporant for the . "~ of sperm forward moti'Lity (Vanhoof, G. et al., Fur J. Clin. C~em. Clin. 3iocftem. 1992, ~2, 333)-.

tg) DP-IV has been shown to be res~onsible Eor t Le degradation and inactiYation of circulating peptides with penultin~ate pr~ine or a~anine at the N-terminus, eg.
substarLce P. growth homnone relcasing Eactor and members of the glucag~n/YasoactiYe intestinal peptide ~amily (Menthein, R. et al., E,ur. J. 3iochem.
1993, ~, 82,).
(h) Raised leYels of DP-IV haYe been obserYed in the gingiYa of patients with p~rinfinntiti~ (Cox, S.W. et aL, Arch. Ora~. Biol. 1992, 37, 167).
(i) There are also a number oE other reports of raised (or sometimes lowered) leYels of DP-IV in Yarious pathological conditions.
It follows from the aboYe that potent inhubitors of DP-~ may be useful as drugs for the treatment of human disease. S uch inhibitors could be useful as:
(a) r",.",l ,,,~ ,c~ .L~, eg. in organ ~n~pl~n~ inn; cytokine release supprcssants eg.
in Yarious ~ diseases such as in~l~mmr ~ory bowel diseasc, multiple sclerosis7 RA.
(b) Drugs for the preYention of HIV entry into T-cells and therefore useEul in the p~u~l~yld~L~ and treatment oE AIDS.
(c) Drugs for the preYention oE metastases, particular~y oE breast a~Ld prostate tumours to the lungs.
(d) Agents to treat ri~rmrtnlngi~ rl diseases, eg. psoriasis, lichen planus.
(e) Drugs to suppress sperm motility and therefore act as male ,ullL~i,lnivr~ agents.
(E) Agcnts beneficial in benign prostate lly~ tLU~ y.
Inhibitors of DP-IV
The only ~u~!~L;Livr, inhibitors oE DP-IV en~yme activity reported so Ear are the unstab~e boronic acids (t~ 30 ' 90 min at ~H 7) mentioned abovc. (BachoYchin et al., WO
91/16339, October 1991) having Ki Yalues in the nanomolar range forDP-~V, and simple amino-acid yyLLulLdidcs or thiazolides (Neubert et al.. DD 296 075 A5, Nûvember 1991) which haYe only modest potency (Ki > û. 1 ,~LM). Amino-acyl proLne aldehydes claimed in the same Germarl patent cannot be synthesised due to a facile i~ , rnn~,ns~inn of the N-temlinal amino group with the aldehyde function.

2 1 7~066 We now disclose highly potent competitiYe inhibitors of DP-IV (with Ki values in the 10-6 - 10-1 rar~ge) which are also chemically stable (t~ > 24 h). They fall into three broad groups of ~ JUUll~.b (Groups I, II and m).
GROUP I
These are molecules designed to bind tightly in the active site of DP-IV and to inhibit its proteolytic actiYity without irlterfering with attachment oE any æcessory ligands which may bind to the surface of DP-IV (i.e not at its actiye site) Such Group I ~u~ uul d~
could be useful as u~ ullo~u~L~ , anti-EIIV infectiYity agents; agents to suppress release of certain cytokines (eg. IL-2, L-6, ~-INF) from ætivated T-cells. The boronic æids and pyrrolidides referred to earlier also fall into this category.
GROUP II
These are evolYed from Group I, ~ Ll~ however they contain long-chain extensionsto the side-chains of the arnino-acid defined as A in the general structure. The resulting compounds bind tightly to the actiYe-site of DP-IV but the long-chain extensions protrude fIom the en~yme active site and serYe to prevent the attachment of any other ligand which may bind to the surface of DP-IV. Such compounds could haYe the same uses as Group I
compounds but in addition could block the interaction of DP-IV with (i) CD45 ~li) the gp 120 Y3 loop of HIV-I (iii) tumour cell surface fibronectin (iY) any other ligand important for T-cell activation, Yirus entrY into T-c~lls or tumour cell adhesion.
GROUP ID: .~
This group comprises noYel dimers in which two active-site directed inhibitors of DP-IV
are linked via the side-chains of their arnino-acid residues designated A in the general structure by a long chain. Such dimers can inhibit two molecules of DP-IV UU~ U~y and also prevent æcessory ligands binding to the surfæe of DP-IV. These dimers would haYe the same uses as Group II compounds but nnay be more effectiYe.

-21 7806~
The invention provides inhibitors of DP-IV mediated proces~es7 the inhibitors being oF
general Formula: -~--A -B
A-B (Groups I and ~:[) or ~ ~/ (Group \~--A - B
where B is ~CH7,~X n =l or2;
y ¦ m=0,lor2;
_(CH2 ~ = CH2, O, S,~SO~SO2 CH ' NH or NR~ where Rl - lower alk,YI (Cl to C6);
A is attached to Y;
-Y = -N, -CH or =C (when the -CO group oF A is replaced with CH= or CF=);
R= H, CN1 CHO, B~OH)2, C_C-R7, or CH=N-R8;
R7 = H, F, lower alk,Yl (Cl to C6), CN~ NO2, ORg, CO2R9 or CORg;
R8= Ph, O~, OR9, OCOR9,orOBn;
R9 = lower aL~yl (Cl - C6); and eimer ~ or both ~'s may be absent.
The structure of A is dependent on the n~ture o~ R in mo~ety B and on the nature of the group to which the resulting compound belongs.
GrouP I CornPounds (a) R=H
A is an -amino-acyl group dcIiYed from an a-amino-acid bearing a cy~1oS~1;rh~hrside-chain (e.g. C4 tO Clo, mono or bicyclic) whose ring may contain one or more~ e.ù~LluLlla e.g~ L-cyclohe:cylglycine, L-cyclopentylglycine, L-decanydro-naphthylglycine, L-piperidylglycine;
-A is a ~- mino-acyl group of general Formula ~ C~I-NH2 where p = 1 - 6 and the ring may also contain (CH7~ 1 one or more ~ .ùcLu-~ ~a replacing ClI2 unit(s).
CH-CO-Both a and ~-amino acyl groups in (a) above m~y contain unsaturation in their nngs e.g.
~, ¢Xc~ -H~N CO-ar,d also may contain one or more '~ UA 111111 (b~ R = CN; C~C-R7 or C~=N-R~
A is as deEined in ~a) above but in addition may be derived Erom any L-a-amino acid bearL~Lg a lipophilic side-chain, eg. Ile.
(c) R = C~IO or B~QII)?
A is a ~-amino-acyl group as deEined in (a) above. The resulting A-B ~u~ ouL~l~
are stable, urlike a-arninoac~l derivatives oE the same type which urLdergo a facile in~rlo~ r cyclisation. In compounds (c) B(O~ may be present as a bororat~
ester eg.
~ - Me or O ~J
~le Me these being labilc in water giving the Eree boronic acids.

1 -- , .
Group II Compounds Where R = H, CN, C_C-R7 or CH=N-R8, A is an cc-amino acid derivativé whose side-chain caIies a functional group which is derivatised to produce a long chPin terminating in Yaious groups R3. A may be of the Eollowing three types of structure:
H2N~ (CH~) -'CO-D or >~ (CH2)~-S02-D
CO CO
I

where a = 1- 5; D = G-(CH~ -(R4)q-R3; G=O,NH,orNMe;
b = 0-12; q = 0-5;
D~ = D with G, O;
R4 = Z-NH-(CH2)C- or NH-Z(C~)C- where c = 1-12 and Z = CO, CH2 or SO2;
and R3 = CO2H or ester [e.g. any lower aLcyl, fiuoroalXyl or cycloaL~yl (Cl to C3), or aromatic or L~ , uaL~ tic (5 or 6-membered rings,mono- or bicylic) ester] thereof; CONH2; CONHNH2; CONRsR6; CONHNR5R6; PO3H
(or ester thereof e.g. as defined under C02H); SO3H; S2NH2;
SO2NR5R6; OH; OR5; aryl or heteroaryl (e.g. 5 or 6-membered rings, monocyclic or bicycLc) [including substirutcd aryl or heteroaryl with preferably chosen from F, Cl, I, Br, OH, OR5, NO2, ~ SO3H, SO2NH2, ~02NRsR6, NH2, ~R5R6, C02R5, CF3~ CN~
CONH2, CONR5R6. NHCO2R5, CHt:NR5)NR5R6 NH-CH(:NR5)NR5R6 arld R51; NH~; NR5R6; NHCO2Rs; NHS02NR5R6;
NHCOR5; NH-S02Rs; NH-CH(:NR5)NR5R6; NHCONR5R6; sugar (which may be artached via an ether or a glycosidic bond);
co-Al~ n~ (attached via the -NH~) eg. ~1",,~5~ or ~ tn~Pmin~ N~CO-~ s~, or NHcs-~min~ F~r In the above definition of R3 "sugar" refers to any carbohydrate or n~ llr and R5 and R6 are L,ld~ d~ selected from H and allcyl, fluoroallcyl and cycloallcyl groups (of up w ~ atoms), aryl, heteroaryl and aLcylheteroaryl groups (of up w 11 atoms) or Rs and R6 together comprise a chain and (C3 w C3) H2N H2N /:~, (U) ~ (CH2)~NRIE >~-E
fo or CO
where Rl = H, Me; ~he ring may also contain more k~
E = J~(C~E~)b~(R4)q~R3; J - C07 CH~ or SO~; and a, b, q, R3 and R4 as def~ed under (i) N R~ H~N / \ -(iii) > < or ~ OL
CO OL CO - =
. I
where R2 - H or Me; ~he ring may also con~ain one or re hc~clvd~uu,s, L = (CX2)d~[CO]r~(CH2)b~(R4)q~R3 or (CH2)~~NRI~(C~)b~(R4)q~R3;
r=Oorl;d=0-4;e=~-4;andb,q,R3andR4 as defined under (i).
&rûuD III
Group m compounds are defined by the general formula:
~--A-B
\~--A-B
where ~ = CE~2, 0, NH, CO, S, SO~, Ph or NMe and, l l l~ T~ y, ~ = CH~, O, NH, CO, S, SO~, Ph or NMe.
These compounds are ~.y~ ;~I dimers Ihey may have any B sttucture as defined previously. A may be chosen from any group lI structure [(;), ~li) or (iu)], but in this case îhe terminal group R3 in eæh A residue is deleted and replaced with a shared ~y~L~
group [~ ] which connect3 the two halves of the dimer, tl~ may be absent, in which case both ~'s arc joined together to constitute the chain l~nking the two A-B moieties;
alterr,atively both ~'s may be absent in which case ~ solely joins the two A-B moieties, 21 7806~
g The strllcture of ~ must of course be chemically feasible eg. N.H-CO-NH, CO-NH-CO-, SO2-NMe-SO2; it will be obvious to those skil!ed in tbe art which structures ar? not ieasible, eg -Nr~L-NEI-Nr~-. A specific possible exa_ple is shown in Table 7.
rLn such compounds as described under Groups II and m certain -CH2- groups present in the long chains c~uld be replaced with knowu biUia~J~LCL a eg. -O- without affecting inhibitory or binding activi~ towards DP-rV. A1SQ such groupings as -CONHCH2C~2N~LCO if they occur courd be replaced by eg -CO-N N-CO-Fur~her, for rnmrr,lln~l~ in Groups r, rr and m any amide bond conrLecting A and B or any amide in the side chains of A (in Groups rr and m) may be replaced by known biu;avaLL,Les oE amides eg.
-CO-N replaced by -CO-C-- ; CF=C ; -Cr~L2-N
CEr=C\; -CS-N
See Table 8 for examples of such r~rl~?m~n~
Biocl~ r All compounds were tested in vitro against pure hu_an DP-IV (purchased from M 8c E, Copenhagen, Denmark). ~Lhihition ot- DP-rV was ~trrmin~l using tne f~ n-~r~nt substrate Ala-Pro-AFC (Km 0.8 ~1) at three rr,nr~ntr~nr~n~ for each inhibiwr. A typical assay (total volume 0.4 ml) comprised sodium Hepes 83.3 mM, EDTA 1.67 mM, BSA 1.5 - F
mg ml-l pH ~.8, DP-rV ~5 ~U ml-l, inhibitQr (in 10 mM acetate pH 4.0). The reaction was started by the addition of substrate and readings taken every 30 s ~or 75 m;n, excitarion at 395 nm, emission 450 nm. Ki values were deterrrlined using Dixon plots.

Chemistry 15~ E7camples of ~u~ uu~d~ synthesised are shown in Tables 1- 8 ~ollowed by schemes and r~ "",. "lAI details ~or ~he preparation oE diferent structural types. All final products were ~ Lcliacd by ~AB mass a~ LLU~ Ly and purity assessed by reverse phase hplc; all ,"~ werc ~ ~Lclia~d by IH NMR
Table 9 shows selected Ki values against DP-IV deterrnined for inhibitors of different structural types.
, ~ .

Table 1 Examples of Group i (a) ( )n ~N~
A R
Calculated FAB Mass Nc~ A X R n Fon~ula Mol. Wt. spec- [M+Hl+
H~N~ CH2 H 1 C11H20N2 196.2 197.2 2 [~,~ CHz H 1 ClzH22N2 210.2 211.2 HzN
I

H2N~ CH2 H 1 CloH20N2 184.2 185 2 . 4 ~" CH2 H 1 C12H20N2 208.2 209.2 HzN
cis ~ CH2 H 1 C~H20N2 196.1 1972 Calculat~d FAB Mass - -No. A X R n F(~rrnula . -Mcl. Wt. sp~c. ~M+~l+
NH o - -6 ~ CH2 H 1 C~lH20NZ0 1g6.1 19T.2 trans ~J

T ~
frar1s ~J CH2 H 1 C~1H1bN2 194.1 195.2 yH2 `~"~
trans ~ CH2 H 1 C~oH1sN2 182.1 183 2 NH o 9 ~ CH2 H 1 C~1H~4N2O 190.1 191.2 ~ ~ NH2 10 ~, ~ CH~ H ~ Cl3H~,N,O æ~z æ~.e 21 7~066 Table 2 Examples oF Group I (b) RyX~
A R
Calculated FA8 Mass No. A X n i~ R Formula Moi Wt~ s~ec. iM+Hl+
1t H-lle CH2 1 H CN C~lH~gN3O 2093 210.2 12 H-Lys(Z) CH2 1 H CN C jgH2sN4O3 - 353.2 359 2 3 H-Pr~ CH2 l H CN C~oH~sN3O 193.1 194.1 <S>
14 HN~ CH2 1 H CN CgH13N30S 211 1 212.2 ~\S
15 HN~ CH2 1 H CN CsH13N3S 211.1 2122 ,.. O
16 ~CH2 1 H CN C,3H2tN3O 23~.2 236.3 HzN~
~, 7 1CH2 1 H CN C12H~sN3 221.2 ~7 7 H N~

~ 21 7~066 Calcelated FAB Mass No. A X n R~ R Forrnuia Moi. Wt. spec. ~M+Hl HzN CH2 1 H CN Cl,H,gN3O 209.2 210.2 19 H-lle S l H CN C10Hl7N3OS 27.1 z28.1 H-lle S 1 CN H C~oH~7N30S Z7.t 228.1 21 [~ S 1 H CN C~2H1gN30S 253.1 254.1 H2N--b--22 H-LYs(~) s 1 H CN C,~H24N4O3s 376.2 377.2 23 ~ S l H CN C~H~7N30S 2391 240.2 2 ~/
24 H-lle o l H CN C,cH~7N3O2 211.1 212.2 25 H-lle CH2 2 H CN C,2H21N3O 223 2 Z4.2 26 H-lle S Z H CN C11H,9N3OS 241 1 242.1 27 H-lle SO2 _ 1 H CN C~CH~N3o3s 259.l 260.1 .-fi H-lle S ~ O l H CN C~cH~7N3o2s 243.1 z44.1 29 H-lle S ~O l H CN C~oH~7N3O2S 243.1 244.2 ~ 21 78066 Calcula~e~i FA8 Ma Nc. A X n R~ R Fcnnula Mc~. Wt. s~ec. ~M+Hl+
30 ~ CH2 1 H CN Cl2HlgN3O Z1.2 z2.2 NHz O
31 (~/ CH2 1 H CN Cl2HlgN3O Z1.2 2Z.2 ..

32 a~ CH2 1 H CN c~lHl7N3 207.2 2û8.2 oNHz 33 <~J GH2 1 H CN CllHl7N30 20~.2 20~.2 34 Q~ CHz 1 H CN c~2Hl7N3 219.1 22~.1 NH~ o 35 ""f~ CH2 1 H CN Cl2H~7N3 219.t Z0.1 NHz C

Ca~culated FAB Mass No. A X n R~ R Fonnula Mol. Wt. spec. IM+H~+
CH2 1 H CN C~2HlgN30 Z1.2 Z2.~ -NHz o 1~1 37 ~ CH2 1 H CN C12Hl7N3O ~19.l ZO.1 NH, O

-21 7~066 Tai~le 3 Exampies of G~oup I (c) x ~)n A R
Calculated FAi3 Mass Nc. A X i~ n Formuia Mol. W~. spec. ~M+HI+
33 Q ,, CH2 CHO 1 C~zH20N2O2 224 2 225 2 Q

39 HzN ~ CH2 CHO l Cl1Hl8N2O2 210.2 211.2 HzNQ~ CH2 CHO 1 cl1H18N202 210.2 211.2 HzN '~ CH2 B' 1 C2~H33BN203 360~ 3613 42 ""~ CH2 B~ l C2,H3sBN2O3 374.3 37~.t NHl O
43 ~ CH2 B' 1 C2,H35BN2O3 374.3 37~.1 ~NHz 44 ~"~ CHz B' 1 C2,H33BN2O3 ~72.3 3733 Calculated FA8 Mass No. A X F n Fon-nula Mol. W~. spec. IM+Hl+

45 \~/ CH2 8- 1 C2,H338Ni!OI 37~3 3~3 3 ~ -o 3,= _ -.

21 7~066 Table 4 EXamples of Group 11 (i) Q
(CH2)n<X~( )m H2N~ ~R
o Calculated FAB Mass Nc. n Q X m H Formula Mo~. Wt. spec. [M+Hl+
- , 46 1 -CONHCH2C02Bn CH2 -1 H C17Hz3N304 333.2 3342 47 1 -CONHCH2C02H CH2 l H C10Hl7N304 2431 244.2 48 1 -CONH(CH2)3C02H CH2 1 H C12H2,N304 271.2 272.2 49 1 -CONH(CH2)2CO2E3n CH2 1 H C18HzsN304 347.2 34~3.2 ~0 1 -CONH(CH2)2COzH CH2 1 H C11H1gN304 257.1 253.2 51 1 -CONH(CH2)5CO2E~n CH2 1 H C21H3,N304 3~93 3903 52 1 -CONH(CH2)sCO2H CH2 1 H C~4HZsN304 2992 3û0 2 53 1 -coNH(cH2l3co2Bn CH2 1 H C~gH27N30i 361.2 3622 r 54 2 -CONHCH2CO2E~n CH2 1 H C19HzsN30,~, 347 ~ 343.2 2 -CONHCH2CO2H CH2 1 H Ct,H1"N30,, 2571 25~31 56 2 -CONH(CH2~2C02Bn CH2 ~ H C~gHz7N304 361.2 3623 ~7 2 -CONH(CI~2)3CO2Bn CHz 1 H Cz~H29N30,t 37S.2 37S.3 58 2 -CONH(CH2)3C02H CH2 1 H C,3HZ3N30~ 2852 236.2 Calcula~ed FAB Mass No. n (~ X m R FotTnu~a Mc!. W~. ~pec [M+Hl+
59 2 -CONH(CH2)sCO28n CH2 1 H C22H33N3O4 403.3 404.3 60 2 -CONH(CH2~CO2H CH2 l H ClsH27N3o4 313.2 314.Z
31 2 -coNH(cH2)2co2H CH2 l H C,2H21N3O4 271.2 272.2 62 2 -CONH(CH2)7CO28n CH2 1 H C24H37N3O4 4313 432.4 63 2 -CONH(CH2)7CO2H CHz l H C,7H31N3o4 341.3 342 5 64 2 -CONH(CH2~7CONH- CH2 l H C2~tH4sNsos 531.3 532.3 (CH2)3NHZ
65 2 -CONH(CH2)6CONH- CH2 l H C29H4~tN4Os ~30 4 531.2 (CH2)sCO28n 66 2 -CONH(CH2~fiCONH- CH2 1 H C22H40N4Os 440 3 441.3 (CH2)sCO2H
67 2 -CONH(CH2~7CONH- CH2 1 H C20H3sNSo3 397 3 398.3 (CH2)3NH2 68 2 -CONH(CH2)11CO28n CH2 1 H C23H4sN3O~ 487.3 483.4 69 2 -CONH(CH2),tCO2H CH2 1 H C21H30N3O4 3973 3983 70 2 -CONH(CH2)3CO28n CH2 1 H C23H35N3O4 417.3 418.3 71 2 -CONH(CH2~8COzH CH2 1 H C,6H29N3O4 327.2 3232 72 2 -CONH(CH2~sCONH- CH2 1 H Cl7H29F3N4O3 394.2 39~.3 CH2C~3 Calculated FAB Mass Nc. n-, Q X m R Forrnula Mol. W~. s~ec. IM+Hl+
73 2 -CONH(CH2)sCONH- CH2 l H Cl9H29F7N4O3 494.2 495.2 CH2(CF2)2CF3 74 2 -CONH(CH2)sCONH- CH2 1 H CZ1H4~N4o4 412,3 413.2 (CH2)6OH
75 2 -CONHtCH2)sCONH- CH2 l H C24H33N403 430,3 431.2 ~CH2)3Ph 75 2 -CONH(CH2)sCONH- CH2 1 H C2sH~oN403 444.3 445 2 (CH2)4Ph 77 2 -CONH(CH2)sCON- CH2 1 H C23H44N~O3 424.3 425.3 (n~u)2 7a 2 -CONH(CH2)sCON- CH2 l H C27Hs2N4o3 480.4 481.4 (nH ~)2 79 2 -CONH(CH2)sCONH- CH2 1 H C22H34N4O3 402.3 403.4 CH2Ph 80 2 -CONH(CH2)4CO2~n CH2 1 H C21H3lN3o4 389,2 3903 8~ 2 -CONH(CH2)4CO2H CH2 l H C,4H25N3O4 299.2 3003 82 2 -CONH(CH2)sCONH- CH2 1 H C~7H3zN403 340.3 341.3 CH2CH3 ,-83 2 -CONH(CH2)6OH CH2 1 H C~sH29N3o3 299.2 3ao.3 84 2 -CONH(CH2)sCO-1-Pi,o CH2 1 H C2oH36N4O3 380,3 381.4 85 2 -CONH(CH2)sCONH2 CH2 l H C,5H26N4O3 312.2 313.3 .

Calculated FA8 Mass Nc. [l O X m F~ F~rmula Mcl. Wt. spec IM+H1+ ~ _ a5 2 -CONH(CHz)~CONH- CH2 1 H C2sH43N4O3 452 4 453.5 (CH2)9CH3 87 2 -CONH~cH2)scoNH- CH2 1 H C22H42N4O3 410.3 411.4 ~CH2)6CH3 88 Z -CONH(CH2)sCONH- CH2 1 H CzH,~,N403 408.3 40g4 CH2Ch 89 2 -CONH(CH2)sCONH- CH2 I H C2sH4~N5os 503.3 SQ4.4 (CH2)3NHZ
9Q 2 -CONH(CH2)sCONH- CH2 1 H Cl~H35NsO3 369~3 370.3 (CH2)3NH2 91 2 -CONH(CHz)5CONH- CH2 1 H C,gH37N7O3 4113 412.4 (CH2)3-Gua 92 2 -CONH(CH2)sCONH- CH2 1 H C21H32N4O~S 4~3.2 46g.2 Ph(4-SO3H) 33 2 -CONH(CH2)5CONH-4- CH2 1 H C2,H43NsO3 4353 436 3 Pip(1 -8n) 94 2 -CONH(CH2)5CONH- CH2 1 H C2~H37NsO3 395.3 393~3 4-Pip 95 2 -CONH(CH2)4N(Z)- CH2 1 H C32H4sNsOs 595 3 596.3 (CH2)3NHZ
96 2 -CONH(CH2)4NH- CH2 1 H C~3H33NsO2 327.2 328.2 (cH2)3NH2 -- ~3 --Calculated FA~ Mass No. n Q X m R Fo~rnula Mol. W~. spec- [M+Hl+
97 2-CONH~CH2)sCO2Bn CH2 1 CN C23H32N4O4 428.3 429.3 ga 3-CONH~CH2)sCONH- CH2 l H C30H4sN45 544.4 ~45.2 (CH2~sCOzBn 9g 3-CONH~CH2)8CONH- CHz l H C23H42N4O5 454 3 455 3 ~CH2~sCo2H
1W 3-CONH~CH2)sCO2Bn CH2 1 H C23H35N3O4 417.3 418.2 131 3 -CONH(CH2)sCO2H CH2 1 H C,8H29N3O4 327.2 328.2 102 2 -SO2NH~CH2)sCO2H CHz 1 H C,,,H27N30~S 349.2 350.2 103 2 -CONH(CH2)8NH-G' CH2 1 H C24H45N5o7s 547 4 548.5 OH
HO~ OH
G = NH O ~OH
~S

Table S
Examples of Group ll (ii) - /NHQ
m H2N--~ N 1~
o Calculated FA8 Mass No. n Q X m R Formula Mcl. Wt. spec. ~M+Hl+
104 1 -CO(CHz)6C02H CH2 1 H C,sH27N3O4 313.2 314.3 1rj5 1 -CO(CH2)sCO2Bn CH2 l H C22H33N3O4 403.3 404 3 106 3 -Co(CH2)4CO2H CHz 1 H c15H27N3O4 3~3.2 314.3 107 3 -CO(CH2)4CO2Me CH2 1 H C~6H2gN3O4 327.2 323.3 103 4 -CO(CH2)sNH2 CHz l H C16H32N4O2 3123 3133 4 -CO(CH2)3NH2 CH2 1 H C,4H2qN~O2 2~4.2 z35 2 110 4 -CO(CH2)3NHSO2Pfp CH2 1 H C2,,H27F5N.,04S 514.2 5152 111 4 -CO(CH2)3NHCOPfp CH2 1 H C2~H27FsN4o3 478.2 479 2 112 4 -CO(CH2)3NHSOz~ CH2 1 H C~6H2gF3N4O4s 430.2 431.3 113 4 CO(CH2)l1NHCO- CH2 1 H C~7H53N5os 657.5 858.6 (CH2)sNHZ
114 4 -CO(GH2)l,NH- CH2 1 H C29Hs7NsO3 5Z3-4 5Z44 CO(CH2~)6NHz Calculated FA8 Mass Nc n Q X m H F~rmula - M~l. Wt. spec. ~M+HI+
115 4 -CO(CH2)sNHCO- CH2 l H C36H6oN8o6 672.5 673.6 (CHz)sNHCO(CH2~s NHZ
116 4 -CO~CHz)sNHCO~ CH2 1 H C26Hs4N6o4 538.4 539.4 (cH2)sNHco(cH2)s-NHz 117 4 -CO(CH2)3CO2H CH2 1 H C~sH27N3o4 313.2 314.3 118 4 -Co(cH2)3co23n CH2 1 H C22H33N3O4 4033 404.3 11g 4 -co(cH2)6NH2 CH2 1 H c~7H34N4O2 326.3 327.3 120 4 -CO(CH2)7NH2 CH2 1 H ClgH36N4O2 340.3 341.3 121 4 -CO(CH2)16Me CH2 1 H C26HssN3o2 4~5 4 466.4 122 4 CO(CH2)6-Gua CH2 1 H C,~H33N6O2 368.3 36g.3 123 4 -so2(cH2)7cH3 CH2 1 H Cl6H37N3O3S 375.3 376.3 124 4 -CO(CH2)l1NH2 CH2 1 H C22H44N4O2 396.4 397.4 125 4 -COCH2NHZ CH2 l H C20H30N4O4 3902 3g1.3 126 4 -CO(CH2)2NHZ CH2 1 H C21H32N~O~ 404.2 405-3 127 4 -CO(CH2~3NHZ CH2 1 H C22H34N4O~ 418.3 41g.3 128 4 -CO(CH2)2NH2 CH2 1 H Cl2H24N4O2 256.2 257.2 - Calculated - FA~ Mass No. n Q 1~ . ~n R Forrnula Mol. Wt. speG. ~M+H
12~3 4 -CO(CH2~NHZ CH2 1 H C24H36N404 446.3 447.4 13~ 4 -COCH2-G~a CHz 1 H Cl3H2sN6o2 293.2 2g9.3 131 4 -CO(CH2)2NH2 CH2 1 H C13H26N4O2 27~ 2 271.3 132 4 -CO(CH2)2-Gua CH2 1 H C~4H23NsO2 312,2 313,3 133 4 -CO(CH213-Gua CH2 1 H C~jH30NsO2 326 3 327.3 13~ 4 -CO(CH2)s-Gua CH2 1 H C,7H34N602 3~4,3 355,3 135 4 -CO(CH2)6NH2 CH2 1 CN C16H33NsO2 351.3 352,4 6 4 co(cHz)7NH2 CH~ 1 CN C,9H~5N~O~ 36;3 366~

-Table 6 Examples of ~roup 11 (iii) y ' X~( ) H2N~ y o Calculated FAB Mass No. F R1 X n Y F~mnula Mcl. W~. s~ec. IM+Hl+
137 H -OCHzCONH(CH2~5- CHz 1 H C1sH2lN3Os 329.Z 330.3 138 H -OCH2CONH(CH2~5- CH2 1 H C22H33N3Os 419.3 42Q 3 C028n 139 H -OCH2CONH(CH2)~- CH2 1 H C2lH3~N3Os 405.2 406 3 C028n 140 H -OCH~CONH(Cli21~- CH2 1 H C"H25N30~ 31~.2 316.3 141 CH3 -OCH3 CH2 1 H CgHtaN22 186.1 137.2 142 CH3 -OC2Hs CH2 l H C~H2~N2O2 200.1 2012 143 CH3 -O(CH2)sCH3 CH2 1 H Cl.~H2aN22 256.2 257.3 144 CH3 -OCH2CONH(CH2)~ CH2 1 H C23H3sN3Os 433 3 434 3 C028n 145 CH3 -OCH2CONH(cH2)5- CH2 1 H Cl6H29N35 343.2 344.3 Calcuiated FAB Mass No. F F~1 X n Y Forrnula Mol. Wt. sp~c. [M+H~+
146 CH3 -OCH2CONH(CH2)4- CH2 l H C22H33N3Os 419.2 420.3 C028n 147 CH3 -OCH2CONH(CH2)4- CH2 l H C1sH27N3os 32~.2 ~0.3 ~ 21 78066 - 2~ -Table 7 Examp~e of Group 111 Ca~cu~ated FA8 Mass No S~ruc~ure Formula Mol. W~. spe~- [M+Hl+ ~=
O~NH(CHz)~iNH ~O
H2N' C CN H,N~(~CN 61!;.4 O O

Tabie 8 Specific examples of compo~nds A-B, containin~ amide bond biois~steres.
Calculated FA8 Mass Nc. A-B Forrnula Mol. Wt. spec. ~M+Hl+ . . .
149 ~ ~/ C11H21N 1~7.Z 1riS.2 NHz 1!;0 ~ CN C 2H20N2 192.2 ~193 2 NHz 151 ~ 'CN Cl2H20N2 192.2 1g3 Z
NHz 152 ~ C~oH2oN2S 2rJO.1 201.2 Tabls 9 S~leaed Ki values agains~ DP-IV.
Nc. Kl (MJ
2 6.4x 7 7.6x~
11 2.2 x 1o~
1.7 x 10 23 s.o x 10-~
~s 37x10 3a 9.8 x 10~
44 2 0 x 10-9 59 1.5 X 10-7 68 1.8 x 10-7 97 5.0 x 10-110 2.5 x 10-7 1.7X 10~
9.4 x 10-7 .7 x 104 Schematic Representations ~or General Preparation oE all Classes of Cornpounds Table 1 Compolmds can be made by an adaption o~ the gene~al rol~te described by E. Schon et al., ~3iol C~lem. Hoppe Seyler, l99l, 3n, 305 311.
Table ~
(a) R: -CN
~ X ~( ) PyBop ~ ( )n Boc-A OEI + HN NH~ ~ Boc-A-N
POCl3 ~ ( )n ~+ ~X`( ~r~
pyridine, Boc-A-N--~CN ~ H-A-N ~CN
imidazole X=S mCPBA
()y ~X,(~
Boc-A-N 1~ CN
H+
r ()y X ~
I ~,A -N --C~f y = I . ~

21 7~066 (b) R: -CH=NPh ~X~( ) CH~Cl2 ~X~( ) Boc-A-ONSu + HN ~OH ~ Boc-A-N ~OH
DMP ~ Boc-A-N O
CH~
(I) (I) PhNH2, ~ Boc-A-N NPh H > H-A-N NPh Tolllene, OR
(c) R: CH=N
RIONH~ HU~ goc-A-N 1~= I ~ H-A-N ~N--OR
pyridine7 DMF N OR
For Rl = -Ac (II) Y' ~ ~ Boc-A-N --N OAc ~ H-A-N I~= N--oAc = H) (d) R = -C=CR
Ph3P CBr4~ gOc-A-N =<B} ( ) + ~ H-A-N l = C--R
Br (iii) H+
Table 3 , ~ P~pared by method of: W.W. Bacho~chin et al., (a) R = -B ~ ~. Bio~. Cflem., 19gS), 265, 373~-3743.
(b) R = CHO (I) H+ ~ ~X~( ) Table 4 (W, P = Protecting groups; pl, p2 _ Groups as descr~bed in ~u~ ulldillg tables) (a) R = CN
O O
( )n OP HN ~I~NH2 ( )n~ PX
Boc-N ~ o Boc-N ~ N ~, NH2 H o PyBop, CH2Cl27 Et3N H O O
(i) remoYe P ~=
(ii) HONSu, WSCD
O O
~NH(CH2)mP2 (i) H2N(CH2)mP ~ONSu ~ ~X~ (ii) rnodify pl p2 1 ~ ~
Boc-NH ~ N NH2 if required Boc-N ~r N ~NH2 POC13 (m) pyridine, imidazole O O
~ NH(C~12)mP2 )~ NH(C~H2)mP2 ~ -- ~
Boc-N J--lr N ~ N H2N ~ N ~]~ CN
H O C O
SO2CI SO2NH(CH2)mP
( )n f X (i) H2N (CH2)mP ( )n (b) Boc-N N ~R (ii) modify pl _ p2 Boc-N ~r N
~ if required O
(~) complete synthesis as above (I~) was prepared via method of G. Luisi et al., Tet. Lett., 1993, 34, 2391-~39~.
(c) For R = H, modi~y above procedure as d~scribed fo~ Table 1 e:carnples.

-Table 5 (a) R = CN
N~W ~X~ NHW
( )n HN ~NH7 ( )n X
Boc-N ~ O ~ Boc-N ~ N ~ NH
H o PyBop, CH~Cl2. ~t3N o ~ -NHCO(CH2)~nP
() X
(i) Remove W ~n ~ ~
o ' Boc-N ~r N J~ NH2 ( ) P~C~ ONSu P(CH2)mS02C~
~orsulphonamide J (I) modify P P
(ii) POC13, pyridine, imidazole NHCO(CH~) I
Boc-N lr N CN
H O
H+
NHCO(CH2)nnP I
( )n X .-,' ~N ~ N ~ CN
o (b) R = H, modify above procedure as described for Table I e~amples.

- 3fi -Table 6 Use method described for Table 5 exar~ples ~or preparation of (VI) from (V) R OW R OH
(a) Boc-N X~ HXr Y
(V) (VI) (i) NaH
r (ii) Rl - 8r (iii) H+
R ORI
X~ ~X~
Y = H, CN, -C=NPh, -C=NORI,-CraCR2 o R O
(i) NaH I ~X,( ) (ii) Br ~f OCH3 80c-N ~r N ~~y O O
' ' ~ NH(CH~),nP
(i) LiOH, H20, dicxar~ R ~ O
(ii) H2N(CH2)~,~P, PyBop ~ ~X~( )n ~iii) ~ H2N ~r N ~~

Tahle 7 Standald coup~ing, dehydration and ~I~Jt~ sequence siruiiar to ahove schemes.
,~L ONS u ( )n ~X~
Boc-HN ~rN ~ N~H2 (III) 0.5 molar equivalent H2N(CH2)mNH2 NH(CH2)mNH ( )n ~ BocNH ~ N~ NH2 Boc-N~ 1'~
(i) POCI~, pyridine (ii) H+
~ ~(cHz)mNH ( )n ~
H2N ~ H2N ~ N CN
,.

a le T b 8 (a) Boc-N Q ~ ~ R ~ R` ~5 I~I-Boc NH~
(b) Boc-N ~ T Q o ToluenG1 ~ ~ o - NH-Boc (i) (LtO)~POCN ~ ~
LiCN, DMF y CN HT y CN
(ii) SmI~, THF, R ~J R ~J
'BuOH ~ I
NH-Boc NH2 rnioamides were prepared by the method described by K Clausen et al. ~etrahedron, ~981, 37, 3635-3639 Other arnide bioisosteres can be prepared from literature precedent.
(A.~. Spatola in "Chernistry and R;.~ y of Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins", Vol. m~ ~. Weinstein E~, Marc~l Dek~er, New Yor~:, 1983, p. 267).

E~v~ l Details fQr SPecific Examples EXAMPL,E I
2-~S)-Cyano-l-isol~u~,yll!yllulidine (11) H- [le-N
CN
Di-i~v~uu~yl~,tllylamine was added to a soludon of H-ProNH2. HCl (225 mg, 1.50 mmol) in dry CH2Cl2 (15 cm3) until the pH was adjusted to 9. BocIleONSu was added in one portion arLd tbe tnixture stirred Eor 16 h, under a nitrogen aL~v~ .,lG. The solvent was evaporated and the residue treated in the standard way, i.e. tne residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate (60 cm;) and û~3 N KEIS04 solution (10 cm3). The organic layer was further washed with saturated NaCHO3 soludon (10 cm3), water (10 cm3) and brine (5 cm3). The solution was dried (ha2SO4) and evaporated at reduced pressure. The crude product was passed down a short plug of silica gel, eluting with hexane:ethyl acetate, (10:90 to 0:100) to yield 301 mg (92%) of BoclleProNH2 as a colourless foam.
IH N~ (CDC13), ~ (ppm); 690 (IH, br.s); 5.51 (lH, br.s); 5.18 tlH, d, J = 9.6 Hz);
4.62 (lH, dd, J = 2.6, 7.0 Hz); 4.29 (lH, dd, J = 8.4, 9.2 Hz); 3.79 - 3.58 (2H, m); 2.36 (lHl m); 2.09 - 157 (5H, m~; 1.43 (9H, s); 1.17 (lH, m); 0.95 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Ez);
0.90 (3H, t, J = 7.3 Hz).
Imida201e (84 mg, 1.24 mmol) was added to a solution of BocIleProNH2 in dry pyridine (10 cm3), under a nitrogen atmosphere. The soludon was cooled to -35C, before the dropwise addition of POCI3 (0.25 cm3, 2.48 mmol). The reaction was stirred at -30CC to -20C for 60 mim The soludon was then evaporated and tne crude residue subjected to column chromatography (silica gel) to yield 180 mg (94%) of 2-(S)-cyano-l-[N-(t-bu~vi~y~ubvl,yl) isoleucyl]~.y~lvlidi-lc as a colourless oil.
IH NMR (CDC13), ~ (ppm); 5.14 (lH, d, J = 9.2 Hz); 4.g0 (lH, dd, J = 2.6, 7.1 Hz);
4.22 (lH, dd, J z 7:9, 9.1 Hz); 3.81 (IH, m), 3.71 (lH, m), 2.30 - 2.12 (4H, m); 1.75 (IH, m); 1.60 (lH, m); 1.42 (9H, s); 1.19 tlH, m); 0.97 ~3H, d, J = 6.9 H2); 0.91 (3H, t, J = 7.3 Hz).
13C NMR (CDCI3), ~ (ppm); 171.7, 155.6, 118.0, 79.6, 56.0, 46.5, 46.0, 37.8, 29.6, 28.1, 25.0, 24.2, 15.2, 10.9.

Deprotection was carried out by stirring with trilluuLu~L~ acid ~or 60 min. Evaporation and lyoFhiTi~A~ion from water af~orded 60 mg oE 2-(S)-cyano-l-iavl u~ylyyllulidine (11) as a white7 fluf~y solid.
FAB Mass Spec: Calculated ~09.3, ~ound (M+H)+ = 210.2.
H NMR (DzO), ~ (ppm); 4.3 (IH, m); 3 64 (lH, d, J = 5.6 Hz~; 3.16 (2H, m); 1.86 -1~48 (5H, m); 0.98 (lH, m); 0.68 (IH, m); 0.51 (3H, d, J = 6.9 Hz); 0.38 (3H, t, ~ = 7.3 Hz).
NMTR (D20), ~i (ppm); 169.7, 119.7, 57.3, 48.6, 48.1, 36.9, 30.2, 25.8, 24.5, 15.4, 11.5.
EXAMPLE TWO
H-GlurNH(CH~)7CONH(CH~)3NHZ~pyrrolidide (64) o ~NH(CH~)7CONH(ClI2)3NHZ
Di-;~vyluyyl~;llyl~LI~, was added to a solution of BocGlu(OH)pylrolidide (193 mg, 0.64 mmol) and PyBop (500 mg, 0.96 rnmol) in CH2CI2 (6 cm3) to adjust the pH of the mixture to 9. After stirring for 5 min, a solution of benzyl 8-amino-octanoate (220 mg, 0.77 rnnnol) in CH2Cl2 (5 cm3) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temp ~or 16 h. The reaction was wori~ed up in the standard procedure aa described in e~ample one. The crude residue was subjected to colurnn ~ ly (1% to 3~o methanol in ethyl acctate) to obtain 344 mg (99%) of Boc{~lu[N~ItC~q)7CO~Bn]yyllvliLLdc as a colourless solid.
IH NMR (CDa3), ~ (ppm); 735 (5H, s); 6.63 (lH, br.t, ~ = 6.7 Hz); 5.65 (lH, d, J =
8.3 Hz); 5.11 (2H, sj; 4.36 (lH, dt, J = 2.6, 8.9 Hz); 3.55 - 3.20 (6H, m); 2.34 (2H, t, J
= 7.3 Hz); 2.26 (2H, dd, J = 5.6, 7.3 Hz); 2.11 - 1.48 (IOH, m); 1.43 (9EI, s); 1.32 -1.27 (6H, m).

Hydrogen gas was bubbled through a solution of BocGlu[NH(CHz)7COzBn]pyrrolidide (230 mg, 0.43 mmol) in ethyl acetate (10 cm3), containing 10% pallddium on charcoal (50 mg). After g0 min, the reaction Yessel was ffushed with nitrogen, the solution filtercd through a pad of celite and the solvent evaporated to yield 187 mg (98%) of BocGlu~lH(CH2)7CO2H]pyrrolidide as a colourless oil.
Di-isopropyl~ yld~,~"lc was added to a solution of BocGlu[NH(CHz)7COzH]pyrrolidide (125 mg, 0.28 mrnol) and PyBop (221 mg, 0.43 mmol) in CH2Clz (10 cm3) to adjust the pH of the solution to 9. After stirring for 5 min, a solution of ZNH(CHz)3NH2. HCl (90 mg, 0.37 mmol) and di-isu~ulu~yl~Lllyldllfill~, (38 mg, 0.37 mmol) was added in one portion. The solution was stirred for 18 h then trea~ed in the standard procedure as described Eor example one. The crude residue was subjected to column ~ U~CLU~ Y
(2% to 15~o methanol in ethyl aceLate) to afford 151 mg (85%) of BocG~u[NH(CHz)7CONH(CH2)3NHZlpyrrolidide as a colourless oi~.
IH NMR (CDC13), b (ppm); 7.35 (SH, s); 6.60 (IH, br.t, J = 7.2 Hz); 6.14 (lH. br.t, J
= 7.2 Hz); 5.63 (IH, d, J = 83 Hz); 5.39 (IE~, br.t, J = 5.6 Hz); 5.10 (2H, s); 4.38 (lH, dt, J = 2.3, 9.2 Hz); 3.52 - 3.13 (lOH, m); 2.26 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz); 2.17 (2H, t, J = 7.6 Hz); I.g8 -1.48 (12H, m); 1.44 (9H, s); 1.38 - 1.23 (6H, m).
A solution of BocGlutNH(CHz)7CONH(C~z)3NHZ]~y~ulidi~ (14 mg, 0.022 mmol) in 4N HCl/dio~can was sri}red for 45 min. The solvent was evaporatcd and the residue dissolYed in water, filtered and Iyophilised to yield 13 mg of H-Glu[NH(CHz)7CONH(CHz)3NHZlpyrrolidide (64) as a colourless oil.
FAB Mass Spec: Calculated 5313, Found (M+H)~ = 532.3.
-- ~2 -EXA~fPLE I~REE
H-Lys[CO(CH2)3l~HSO2,Pfp]pyrrolidide (110) NHC0/- ~ NHS~ F
<J F F
H~N
o ZNH(CH2)3CO~NSu (570 mg, 1.7 mmol~ was added in one portion to a solution of l-tN-(t-buLu~y~LlJuLIyl)lysyl]pyrrolidine (745 mg, 2.2 r~mol) in dry CH~Cl~. The pH was adjusted to 9 wit'n di-isopropylethylamine and the mixture sti~d for 60 min. The solvent wa3 evaporated and the residue treated in the standard procedure as described for example one. Column uluuuud~u,,ldLuhy (lOO~o ethyl acetate to 15% methanol in ethyl acetate) afforded 620 mg (68%) of BocI.ys[CO(CH~)3NH~pyr~olidide.
lH NMR (CDC13), o (ppm); 7.42 (5H, s); 6.31 (lH, br.t, J = 65 HZ); 5~8 (lH, d, J =
8.9 Hz); 5.39 (lH, br.t, J = 6.9 Hz); 5.17 (2H, s); 4.44 (lH, m); 3.72 - 3 '70 (8H, m);
2.29 (2H, t. J - 7.3 HZ); ~.14 - 1.83 (8H, m); 1.78 - 1.41 (4H, m); 1.43 (9H7 S).
Hydrogen gas was bubbled through a mixture of BocLystCO(C~2)3NHZlyy..ulidi~ (620mg, 1.16 mmol) and lû% palladium on charcoal in methanol (10 cm3) contairling one molecular eq,uivalen~ of 2N HCL After 60 mirL, the redction was flushed with nitrogen, and filtered through celite. Evaporation of the solvent afforded 282 mg (49%) ofBocLys[CO(CH~)3NH2. HCl~pyrrolidide. This product was dissolved in CH2CI2 (lû cm3) and stirredL under a nitrogen atmosphere. Di-i7UyLu~yl~ yl~LLL-c was added to adjust the pH to 9 befor~ the introduction of y~ dLluolub ~ Fnnyl chloride (45 mg, 0.17 mmol). This mixture was stirred for 16 h. The solvent was evaporated and the crude material treated in the standard procedure described in example one. Column clLLullld~u~;L~ylly (100% ethyl acetate to lû% methanol in ethyl acetaîe) af~orded 33 mg (31%) of BocLystCO(CH2)3NHSO~Pfp]pyrrolidide as a colourless oil.

~ 2178066 IH NMR (C~Cl3?1 ~ (ppm); 7.19 (IH, b}.t, J = 6.3 Hz); 6.18 (lH, br.t, J = 6.6 Hz);

5.5û (IH, d, J = 8,4 Hz); 4.38 (lH, m); 3.65 - 3.16 (8H, m); 2.36 (2H, t, J = 6.8 Hz);
2.01-1.82 (8H, m); 1.6~ - 1.41 (4H, m); 1.43 (9H, s).
This product was stirred in LiLluuLua ~Lic acid (10 cm3) for 30 min. The solvent was evaporated and the residue dissolYed in water, filtered and Iyophilised to yield 30 mg of H-Lys[CO(CH~)3NHSO2Pfp~Prl (110) as a colourless oil.
FAB Mass Spec: ~alclllated 514.2; Found (h'.+H)+ = 515.æ
EXA MPL E FOUl~
H-Thr~(CH2)~CH3~1yLlu~idid~ (143) ~0/\/
H2N /~
o Pyrrolidine (0.88 g, 12.4 mmol) was added to a soludon of BocThrONSu (3.0 g, 9.5mmol) in dry CHIL~12 (30 cm3), under a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction waS stirred for 60 min at room LC~u~ LluL~. Ihe so~vent vas evaporated and the residue was treated in the standard procedure as described for exarnple one. The residue was subjected to colur~n ~ uu.~Lu~ Auhy ~hexane:ethyl acetate, 30:70) to afford 2.50 g (96%) of 1-~-(t-buLu~yu~ubul~yl)th~ onylJpyrrolidine as a colourless oil.
IH NMR (CDC13), ~ (ppm); 5.52 ~IH, d, J = 6.5 Hz); 4.30 (IE~, d, J = 7.4 Hz); 4.16 (2H, m); 3.72 (IH, m); 3.46 (3H, m); 1.98 -1.82 (4H, m); 1.43 (9H, 5); 1.19 ~3H, dl J
= 7.1 Hz) Sodium hydride (17 mg, 0.70 mtnol) waS added to a solution of 1-[N-~t-buLu~y~,~ub~ yl) thr~onyl]py~rolidine in dry THF, at 0C, under a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at 0C for 15 min before the introduction of n-hexyl iodide (200 mg, 0.94 mmol).
The reaction was then allowed to stir at rwm temperatLLre for 16 h. The solvent was evaporated and the residue treated in the standard manner as described in example one.
The crude product was subjectcd to column ~hluu~dLù~d~uhy (llc~dulc.~,dly~ acetate, 40:6t)) to afford 25 mg (~0%~ of Boc~hr[(CH~)5CH3]pyrrolidide (143).
IH N~R (CDC13), ~ (ppm); 5.50 (IH, d, J = 6.9 Hz); 4.48 (lH, m); 3.70 - 3.32 (7X, m); 1.92 - 1.80 (OEI, m); 1.5~ (2H, m); 1.42 (9H, s), 1.30 (6X, m); 1.22 (8H, d, ~ = 6.9 Hz); 0.83 ~3H, t, J = 7.9 H~).
BocThr[(CH2)5CX3~pyrro~idide (20 mg, 0.06 mmol) waS stirred in 4N HCI/dioxan (5 crn3) for 60 min. The solvent was cvaporated, the residue taken up in water, filtered and Iyophilised to yield H-Thr[(CH2)5CH3~pyrrolidide (20 mg) as an orange oil. The product waS purified by reverse phase HPLC to afford 15 mg of (143) as a colourless oil.
FAB Mass Sp~c: Calculated 256.2, Found (M+H~+ = 257.3.
EXAMPLE FIVE
H-Ile-\lr[CH=CHlPyrrolidide ~149) o NH~
1.6 N nButyl lithium (0.50 cm3, û.7~ mmol) was added to a stirred solution of ~,lu~ yl Lli~h".-yl~ l l bromide (287 mg, 0.69 mmol) in dry THF (6 cm3), rLnder a nitrogen dLLUU~y~ the Lcuu~ Lul~i at -30C After stir~ing ~or 60 min, the solution waS further coolcd to -50C subsequent to the dropwise addition of a solution ofN-(t-~uLu,~y~l)ollyl)-L-isoleucinal (125 mg, 0.58 mmol, prepared by the method of Fehrentz and Castro, Synthes;s, 1983, 676), in dry THF (4 cm3). After the final addition, the reaction was allowed to slowly attain rwm t~,~U~ dLU~ c, over 3.5 h.

21 ,78066 The rcaction was quenched with sarurated ammonium chlolide solution (2 cm3~ This was diluted with water (10 cm3) and extracted with diethyl ether (3 A 20 cm3). The combined ethereal layers were washed with water (10 cm3), dlied (Na~SO4) and eYaporated to yield 187 mg (>100%) of crude product. Colur~n L,;LLulLLdLut~ Ly (90:iO7 hexane:Et~O) a~forded 53 mg (34%) of Boc-r~e-~LCH=CX~pyrrolidide a3 a colourless oil.
lH NMR (CDCl3), ~ (ppm); û.84 (3H, t, J = 6.9 Hz~; 0.91 (3E. d7 J = 7.3 Hz); 108(lH, m); 1.44 (9H, s); 1.48 (lH, m); 1.64 (5H, m); ~ 24 - 2 45 (4H, m); 4.08 (lH, br.s); 4.41 (lH, br.s); 5.12 (lH, dt, J = ~3, 8.9 Hz).
13C NMR(CDCl3) ~ tppm); 155.8, 147.4, 119.1, 79.2, 54.8, 40.1, 342r 7.9.6, 28.9,26.8,26.6,26.1, 15.0, 12.1.
Treatment of this product with 4N HWdioAan for 35 min removed the Boc-protectinggroup. The reaction was evaporated, the residue dissolved in water, fiItered andIyophilised to yield 24 mg (63%) of E-Ile ~ll[CH=CH]pyrrolidide (149) as a foamy solid.
FAB Ma3s Spec: Calculated 167.2rFound (~IfH)+ -168.
EXAMPT FS S~ A~ SEVEN
H-Ile[(2R)-cyaLIo-~(CH=CH)pyrrolidiLiel (150) ~L-Ile[(~S)-cyLarLo-~(CH=~H)pyrrolidide] (151) J `f ~CN I J,` CN
NlJL~
N-tt-Bu~u~y~dLl)u~lyl)-L-isoleucinal (2.40 g, 11.2 mmol) and ~-oxy-l-triphenyl-r~ y~lopentane (4.61 g, 13.4 mmol, prepared by method of E.O. Eouse and H.
Babed, ~. Org. Chem., 1~63, ~, 90) were heated, a~ reflux, in toLuene, under a nitrogen a~nosphere. A~er lS h, the miAture was cooled, and ~he solven~ evaporated Columnchr~m:~n~rArhy (8û:20, h~A~Ile~ yl acetate) of tbe crude residue afforded 2.33 g ~74%) of Boclle-~v~CH=CH]pyrrolidin-2~ne as a colourless oil.

~ 2178066 -- ~6 -IH NMR (CDC3), ~ (ppm); 6.29 (IH, dt, J = 2.6, 9 2 Hz); 4.59 (lH, br.d); 4.17 (lH, m), 2 82 (lH, m); 2.66 - 2.50 (2El, m); 2.34 (2H, t, J = 7 8 Hz); 1.96 (2H, q, J = 7 6 Hz); 1.44 (lH, m); 1.43 (9H, s); 1.12 (lH, m), 0.89 (3El, d J c5 3 Hz); 0.88 (3H, t~ J
= 6.9 Hz).
DiethylLy~v~llo~L~Llloacetate (0.30 cm3, 1.92 mmol) was added to a solution of BocI:e-~ CH~ pyrrolidin-2-one (180 rng, 0.64 mmol) and LiCN (0 5 M in D~, 3.84 cm3, 1.92 mmnl) in dry D~E (2 cm3), under a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction was stirred at room LCLU~ LL1C for 30 rLun. The m~xtD~ was dilu~ed with water (20 cm;) and then extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 30 cm3) The combined or~anic layers were washed witb water (5 x 10 cm3), dried (Na~SO4) and evaporated to afford 360 mg (>100%) of crude product. A portion of this crude cyano-phosphonate (284 mg, 0.64 mmol) wasdissolved in dry THF, and strrred under nitrogen. te~r-Butanol (47 mg, 0.64 mmol) was added, followed by the dropwise addition of a solution of samarium t~) iodide (01 M in T~F, 19.2 cm3, 1.92 mmol). After the final addition, the reaction was stirred for a further 30 _in before the addition of 2N HCI (~0 cm3~. The mixmre was extracted with dierhyl ether (3 x 30 cm3). The combirled etbereal layers were washed with 10% Na~S2O~
solution ~10 cm3), water (2 xlO cm3) and brine (2 x 10 cm3). The solution was dried (Na~SO4), evaporated and the crude residue subjected to column ~hn~m~t~rhy (90:10, h~.~.CLll~l ace ate) to yield l22 mg (66%) of a Llia~icl~u~.Lic mixture of Bocrle[2-(RS)-cyano-~lr(CH=CE[)pyrrolidine~ as a colourless oil.
IH NMR (CDCl3), ~ tppm); 5.52 (lH, d, J = 9.6 Hz); 4.5 (lH, br.s); 4.12 (lH, m);3.35 (lH, m); Z.57 (lH, m); 2.38 (lH, m); 2.17 (lH, rLI); 191 (2H, m); 1.69 (2H, m);
1.53 (lH, m); 1.43 (9H, s); 1.12 (lH, m); 0.92 (1.5 H, d, J =73 Hz); 0.91(1.5 H, d, J
= 7.3 Hz); 0.89 (1.5 H, d, J = 6.6 Hz); 0.86 (1.5 H, t, J = 6.9 Hz).
Treatment of this ~ mixnrre with 4N HCVdioxan for 60 min removed the protecting group. Ev~u~LiLIll of the solvent and subsequent reverse phase HPLC of the residue afforded the rvvo pure di~LclcoL~
(150), (47 mg, 60%) FAB Mass Spec: Calculated 192 2, Found (M+H)+= 193 2 (151), (28 mg, 36%) FAB Mass Spec: Calculated 192.2, Found tM+H)+ = 193.2.
Preparative methods described herein in relation to Tables 1 - 8 and in examples one to seven form parr of the present invention.

Abbre~iatidns Boc tert-Bu-ylu~y~ ~ l l,dllyl Bn Benzyl BSA Bovine serum albumin Bu n-Butyl Ch Cyclohexyl DMF Dimethyl~otmamide DMP Dess-Martin Periodane EDTA ELIIy~ r Li~ acid FAB Fast atom ~- ." ,l ,~ l ~l " " "
Gua Guanidinyl HPLC Xigh ~ . r~.1, I IA 11~ r liquid chromatogaphy Hx n-Hexyl Mass Spec Mass ~ LIuu~.ly mCPBA r~eta-Chlu~ u~ uic acid Mol Wt Molec~ll~ weight ONSu N-O-Succinimide Pfp P~llL~Iuulu~henyl Ph Phenyl Pip Piperidyl Prl PyITolidide Py PyTidine PyBop Br.l~ I-yl-oxy-~is-pylrdlidino-phosphonium [luùluLJl~u~h~
WSCD Water soluble ~ ~Iii~id~
Z Brll~.ylù~y(~lJOIlyl

Claims

-48-

1. Inhibitors of DP-IV mediated processes selected from those of general formula A-B (Groups I and II) and and (Group III) where B is n=1 or 2;
m=0, 1 or 2;
X=CH2, O, S, SO, SO2, NH or NR1 where R1=lower alkyl (C1 to C6);
-Y = -N, -CH or=C (when the -CO group of A is replaced with -CH=or-CF=);
R = H, CN, CHO, B(OH)2, C=C-R7, or CH=N-R8 where R7 =H,F, lower alkyl (C1to C6), CN, NO2, OR9, CO2R9 or COR9;R9 = lower alkyl (C1 to C6); R8 = Ph, OH, OR8, OCOR9 or OBn; A is attached to Y;
and wherein for the Group I compounds (a) when R is H, A is an .alpha.-amino-acyl group derived from an .alpha.-amino-acid bearing a cycloaliphatic side-chain or is a .beta.-amino-acyl group of general formula where p is 1 to 6, the ring in either case optionally having unsaturation and/orheteroatom substitution;
(b) when R = CN, C = C-R7 or CH = N-R8, A is as defined at (a) and in addition may be derived from any L-.alpha.-amino acid bearing a lipophilic side-chain;
(c) and when R=CHO or B(OH)2, A is a .beta.-amino-acyl group as defined under (a);

for the Group II compounds, R is H, CN, CC-R7 or -CH=N-R8 and A is (i) or where a = 1 -5; D = -G(CH2)b-(R4)q-R3; G = O, NH or NMe; b = O - 12; q =
O -5; D1 = D with G = O; R4 = Z-NH-(CH2)c - or NH-Z-(CH2)c - where c = 1 -12 and Z = CO, CH2 or SO2; R3 = CO2H or ester thereof, CONH2, CONHNH2, CONR5R6, CONHNR5R6, PO3H or ester thereof, SO3H, SO2NH2, SO2NR5R6, OH, OR5, substituted or unsubstituted aryl or heteroaryl, NH2, NR5R6, NHCO2R5, NHSO2NR5R6, -NHCOR5, NH-SO2R5, NH-CH(:NR5)NR5R6, NHCONR5R6, sugar, CO-aminosugar, NHCO-aminosugar or -NHCS-aminosugar; and R5 and R6 are independently selected from H and lower alkyl, fluoroalkyl and cycloalkyl groups of up to 8 atoms and aryl, heteroaryl and alkyl heteroaryl groups of up to 11 atoms or R5 and R6 may together comprise a chain (C3 to C8); or is (ii) or where R1 = H or Me, the ring may contain more heteroatoms, E = J-(CH2)b-(R4)q-R3, J = CO, CH2 or SO2, and a, b, q, R3 and R4 are as defined under (i);
or is (iii) or where R2=H or ME, the ring may contain one or more heteroatoms, and L =
(CH2)d-[CO]r-(CH2)b-(R4)q-R3 or (CH2)c-NR1-(CH2)b-(R4)q-R3 where r = 0 or 1, d =0 - 4, e = 2 - 4, and b, q, R3 and R4 are as defined under (i);

and for the Group III compounds, each B may have any identity defined therefor above, each A may be chosen from any Group II structure (i), (ii) or (iii) above with the terminal groups R3 in the A residues replaced with a shared group --.omega.- or --- or -.omega.-, and and .omega. are selected independently from CH2, O, NH, CO, S, SO2, Ph and NMe;
and wherein in Groups II and III at least one CH2 group in a chain may be replaced by a bioisostere thereof or any amide group which connects A and B
in a Group I, II or III compound or which is in a side-chain of A in a Group II or III compound may be replaced by an amide bioisostere.

2. An inhibitor of a DP-IV mediated process selected from examples 1 - 152 of Tales 1 to 8 herein.

3. The use of a compound according to claim 1 or 2 for the preparation of a medicament for inhibiting DP-IV mediated processes.

4. A method of treating or preventing disorder due to a DP-IV mediated process in a patient, which comprises administering to the patient a DP-IV inhibiting amount of compound according to claim 1 or 2.

5. A pharmaceutical composition containing a DP-IV inhibiting amount of compound according to claim 1 or 2.