CA2167803C - Manufacture of paper - Google Patents
Manufacture of paper Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2167803C CA2167803C CA002167803A CA2167803A CA2167803C CA 2167803 C CA2167803 C CA 2167803C CA 002167803 A CA002167803 A CA 002167803A CA 2167803 A CA2167803 A CA 2167803A CA 2167803 C CA2167803 C CA 2167803C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- starch
- suspension
- sheet
- retention aid
- particles
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 11
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 255
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 255
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 253
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 136
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000003311 flocculating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 75
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 aluminium modified colloidal silica Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 16
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 16
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 64
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 37
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229920006317 cationic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 15
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920006318 anionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003657 drainage water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 3
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- DPBJAVGHACCNRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CN(C)CCOC(=O)C=C DPBJAVGHACCNRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- NJSSICCENMLTKO-HRCBOCMUSA-N [(1r,2s,4r,5r)-3-hydroxy-4-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyloxy-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl] 4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)O[C@H]1C(O)[C@@H](OS(=O)(=O)C=2C=CC(C)=CC=2)[C@@H]2OC[C@H]1O2 NJSSICCENMLTKO-HRCBOCMUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003926 acrylamides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229940048053 acrylate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004985 dialkyl amino alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 2
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- PQUXFUBNSYCQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,3-difluorophenyl)ethanone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC(F)=C1F PQUXFUBNSYCQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 240000003183 Manihot esculenta Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016735 Manihot esculenta subsp esculenta Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016383 Zea mays subsp huehuetenangensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920006322 acrylamide copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004103 aminoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Inorganic materials [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001175 calcium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011132 calcium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011111 cardboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007385 chemical modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyandiamide Chemical compound NC(N)=NC#N QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006158 high molecular weight polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009973 maize Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004530 micro-emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007764 o/w emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001592 potato starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940047670 sodium acrylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002195 soluble material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005613 synthetic organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
- D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
- D21H23/04—Addition to the pulp; After-treatment of added substances in the pulp
- D21H23/06—Controlling the addition
- D21H23/14—Controlling the addition by selecting point of addition or time of contact between components
- D21H23/16—Addition before or during pulp beating or refining
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/21—Macromolecular organic compounds of natural origin; Derivatives thereof
- D21H17/24—Polysaccharides
- D21H17/28—Starch
Landscapes
- Paper (AREA)
- Polarising Elements (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Electric Cables (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9410965A GB9410965D0 (en) | 1994-06-01 | 1994-06-01 | Manufacture of paper |
| GB9410965.9 | 1994-06-01 | ||
| PCT/GB1995/001259 WO1995033096A1 (en) | 1994-06-01 | 1995-06-01 | Manufacture of paper |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2167803A1 CA2167803A1 (en) | 1995-12-07 |
| CA2167803C true CA2167803C (en) | 2005-11-01 |
Family
ID=10756015
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002167803A Expired - Fee Related CA2167803C (en) | 1994-06-01 | 1995-06-01 | Manufacture of paper |
Country Status (21)
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5876563A (en) * | 1994-06-01 | 1999-03-02 | Allied Colloids Limited | Manufacture of paper |
| GB9624031D0 (en) * | 1996-11-19 | 1997-01-08 | Allied Colloids Ltd | Manufacture of paper |
| GB2323100B (en) * | 1996-11-29 | 2001-06-06 | Cellcat Gmbh | Polysaccharide particles, method for producing them and their use |
| GB9719472D0 (en) * | 1997-09-12 | 1997-11-12 | Allied Colloids Ltd | Process of making paper |
| US5942087A (en) * | 1998-02-17 | 1999-08-24 | Nalco Chemical Company | Starch retention in paper and board production |
| US6099689A (en) * | 1998-02-17 | 2000-08-08 | Nalco Chemical Company | Production of paper and board products with improved retention, drainage and formation |
| ID28511A (id) * | 1998-08-28 | 2001-05-31 | Ciba Spec Chem Water Treat Ltd | Pembuatan kertas |
| DE10326738B4 (de) * | 2003-06-13 | 2010-08-19 | Papiertechnische Stiftung | Verfahren zur Einbringung von Stärke als Masseadditiv und beim Sprühen bei der Herstellung von Papier, Pappe und Karton |
| BR112015007620A2 (pt) * | 2012-10-05 | 2017-07-04 | Specialty Minerals Michigan Inc | suspensão de carga e uso na fabricação de papel |
| ES2744317T3 (es) | 2016-06-22 | 2020-02-24 | Buchmann Ges Mit Beschraenkter Haftung | Producto de fibra multicapa con un ritmo de migración inhibido de hidrocarburos aromáticos o saturados y procedimiento para su fabricación |
| EP3899136B1 (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2022-12-21 | Kemira Oyj | A process for producing paper or board and a product thereof |
| CN114150527B (zh) * | 2021-12-17 | 2023-04-25 | 杭州绿邦科技有限公司 | 一种助留助滤剂 |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2729561A (en) * | 1952-08-26 | 1956-01-03 | John C Marrone | Blowing dry starch into a papermaking furnish |
| US4347100A (en) * | 1981-05-21 | 1982-08-31 | The Chemithon Corporation | Strength of paper from mechanical or thermomechanical pulp |
| GB8822577D0 (en) * | 1988-09-26 | 1988-11-02 | Blue Circle Ind Plc | Papermaking filler compositions |
| EP0499448A1 (en) * | 1991-02-15 | 1992-08-19 | Ciba Specialty Chemicals Water Treatments Limited | Production of paper |
| US5126014A (en) * | 1991-07-16 | 1992-06-30 | Nalco Chemical Company | Retention and drainage aid for alkaline fine papermaking process |
-
1994
- 1994-06-01 GB GB9410965A patent/GB9410965D0/en active Pending
-
1995
- 1995-06-01 DE DE69525018T patent/DE69525018T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-01 CA CA002167803A patent/CA2167803C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-06-01 NZ NZ287496A patent/NZ287496A/en unknown
- 1995-06-01 AT AT01114439T patent/ATE325925T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-06-01 PT PT01114439T patent/PT1143068E/pt unknown
- 1995-06-01 DK DK95921013T patent/DK0711370T3/da active
- 1995-06-01 DK DK01114439T patent/DK1143068T3/da active
- 1995-06-01 WO PCT/GB1995/001259 patent/WO1995033096A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1995-06-01 AU AU26227/95A patent/AU688911B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1995-06-01 BR BR9506248A patent/BR9506248A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-06-01 ES ES01114439T patent/ES2262578T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-01 DE DE69534985T patent/DE69534985T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-01 EP EP95921013A patent/EP0711370B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-01 ZA ZA954520A patent/ZA954520B/xx unknown
- 1995-06-01 AT AT95921013T patent/ATE212091T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-06-01 ES ES95921013T patent/ES2170149T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-01 EP EP01114439A patent/EP1143068B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-01 KR KR1019960700476A patent/KR100385038B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-06-01 IN IN655MA1995 patent/IN190864B/en unknown
- 1995-06-01 IL IL11397395A patent/IL113973A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-06-01 PT PT95921013T patent/PT711370E/pt unknown
- 1995-06-01 JP JP50052996A patent/JP3801629B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-06-05 TW TW084105619A patent/TW275654B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1996
- 1996-01-29 FI FI960396A patent/FI120631B/fi active IP Right Grant
- 1996-01-31 NO NO19960416A patent/NO321456B1/no unknown
- 1996-01-31 MX MX9600430D patent/MX9600430A/es not_active IP Right Cessation
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |