CA2152687C - Tunnel-driving machine - Google Patents
Tunnel-driving machine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2152687C CA2152687C CA002152687A CA2152687A CA2152687C CA 2152687 C CA2152687 C CA 2152687C CA 002152687 A CA002152687 A CA 002152687A CA 2152687 A CA2152687 A CA 2152687A CA 2152687 C CA2152687 C CA 2152687C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tunnel
- driving machine
- shield
- set forth
- lost
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- XMQFTWRPUQYINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N bensulfuron-methyl Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1CS(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NC1=NC(OC)=CC(OC)=N1 XMQFTWRPUQYINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/40—Devices or apparatus specially adapted for handling or placing units of linings or supporting units for tunnels or galleries
- E21D11/403—Devices or apparatus specially adapted for handling or placing units of linings or supporting units for tunnels or galleries combined with the head machine
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
- E21D9/08—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield
- E21D9/087—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines
- E21D9/0873—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines the shield being provided with devices for lining the tunnel, e.g. shuttering
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
A tunnel-driving machine includes rotating drilling tools. At least one support capable of being placed against the tunnel wall or tubbings is provided. A lost shield is arranged in the region of the drilling tools so as to be displaceable in the advance direction. The shield is supported via abutment arms in the advance direction on the driving machine or on a pressing means or the end faces of set tubbings.
Description
The invention relates to a tunnel-driving machine comprising rotating drilling tools including at least one support capable of being placed against the .tunnel wall or tubbings.
A tunnel-driving machine of the initially defined kind can be taken, for instance, from DE-A1 3114899. This known arrangement is a tunnel-driving machine comprising a rotating drilling head and suitable for hard rock or firm ground. The drilling head is equipped with roller bits or picks. In addition, an erector is provided for transfering tubbings.
This machine is clamped against the end faces of the tubbings via abutment arms extending obliquely forwards and in the direction towards the tunnel wall, and the advancing force for the drilling head is absorbed by the end faces of the tubbings.
Naturally, such an arrangement cannot always be used without risk in case of teary rock. In particular, if drilling tools are employed which are not arranged on a full-surface disc but are arranged merely on rotating arms of corresponding tools, the fact that the tunnel tube is not supported as far as immediately to the face of work causes the region in the immediate vicinity of the face of work to be jeopardized. With the known arrangemenments, the region between the end faces of the tubbings at which the abutment arms engage and the face of work remains largely unprotected, at least sections of this region being permanently unsecured.
The invention aims at providing a tunnel-driving machine of the initially defined kind, with which the danger of downfalls of backs or wall parts in the region of the face of work or of the drilling tools is avoided even in case of teary rock and a support is obtained as tar as immediately to the face of work. To achieve this object, the invention essentially consists in that a lost shield is arranged in the region of the drilling tools so as to be displaceable in the advance direction and that the shield is supported via abutment arms in the advance direction on the driving machine, on a pressing means or on the end faces of set tubbings.
The expression "lost shield" refers to a shield that is "lost" in the tunnel when the tunnel-driving machine is removed from the tunnel-driving site, i.e. the lost shield remains in, its last position at the tunnel-driving site when the tunnel-driving machine is removed from the tunnel-driving site (the tunnel tube). Such a lost shield being arranged to be displaceable in the advance direction renders feasible securing of the remaining region of the tunnel tube between the set tubbings and the face of work by means of the displaceable lost shield, the support and/or the introduction of force for the reaction forces of the tunnel-driving machine, furthermore, occurring via the end faces of set tubbings or suitable pressing means in a known manner.
A tunnel-driving machine of the initially defined kind can be taken, for instance, from DE-A1 3114899. This known arrangement is a tunnel-driving machine comprising a rotating drilling head and suitable for hard rock or firm ground. The drilling head is equipped with roller bits or picks. In addition, an erector is provided for transfering tubbings.
This machine is clamped against the end faces of the tubbings via abutment arms extending obliquely forwards and in the direction towards the tunnel wall, and the advancing force for the drilling head is absorbed by the end faces of the tubbings.
Naturally, such an arrangement cannot always be used without risk in case of teary rock. In particular, if drilling tools are employed which are not arranged on a full-surface disc but are arranged merely on rotating arms of corresponding tools, the fact that the tunnel tube is not supported as far as immediately to the face of work causes the region in the immediate vicinity of the face of work to be jeopardized. With the known arrangemenments, the region between the end faces of the tubbings at which the abutment arms engage and the face of work remains largely unprotected, at least sections of this region being permanently unsecured.
The invention aims at providing a tunnel-driving machine of the initially defined kind, with which the danger of downfalls of backs or wall parts in the region of the face of work or of the drilling tools is avoided even in case of teary rock and a support is obtained as tar as immediately to the face of work. To achieve this object, the invention essentially consists in that a lost shield is arranged in the region of the drilling tools so as to be displaceable in the advance direction and that the shield is supported via abutment arms in the advance direction on the driving machine, on a pressing means or on the end faces of set tubbings.
The expression "lost shield" refers to a shield that is "lost" in the tunnel when the tunnel-driving machine is removed from the tunnel-driving site, i.e. the lost shield remains in, its last position at the tunnel-driving site when the tunnel-driving machine is removed from the tunnel-driving site (the tunnel tube). Such a lost shield being arranged to be displaceable in the advance direction renders feasible securing of the remaining region of the tunnel tube between the set tubbings and the face of work by means of the displaceable lost shield, the support and/or the introduction of force for the reaction forces of the tunnel-driving machine, furthermore, occurring via the end faces of set tubbings or suitable pressing means in a known manner.
In a particularly simple mariner, the configuration according to the invention is chosen such that the lost shield comprises at least one inwardly projecting flange or stop for the application of the abutment arms and the support on set tubbings. The lost shield, which is displaceable in the longitudinal direction or advance direction, is connected with the shield part by pressing means in a non-positive manner since it is to be displaced in the advance direction while -2a-21~268~
providing an appropriate support of the machine at the same time. The pressing means, thus, is connected with the shield part in a non-positive manner and the abutment face of the shield part may get into abutment on the pressing means. It is essential that the lost shield can be entrained while simultaneously ensuring an appropriate support, for instance, via the end faces of set tubbings, for which purpose the abutment arms engage, for instance, at the end faces of set tubbings in an outwardly pivotable manner between the inwardly projecting flange or stop of the lost shield and the end faces of the set tubbings.
In order to guarantee full security against descending rocks, the lost shield according to an advantageous embodiment externally embraces set tubbings by a portion of its~jacket, wherein the lost shield between the flange or stop and its rear end preferably has an axial length at least corresponding to the axial length of a tubbing. Such dimensioning of the length of the lost shield ensures the full security of the rock in the rear region of the shield body, wherein it is possible to move the shield further immediately upon a knock-off and to set another tubbing in the already secured region.
The cutter wheel with such a configuration may be designed to be open as is frequently the case, in particular, with teary rocks. By using a lost shield, a support in this case may yet be obtained as far as to the front edge of the drilling tool, wherein the configuration preferably is chosen such that the 215268' lost shield overlaps the drilling tools as far as to the face of work.
In order not to affect the displaceabil.ity of the lost shield relative to the tunnel-driving machine in any way, the inwardly projecting flange or the stop advantageously extends over partial circumferential regions of the lost shield, which, in at least one rotatory position of the drilling tools, register with free regions of the same such that, at a standstill of the drilling tool, displacement of the lost shield is readily feasible even beyond the front edge of the drilling tool, if necessary. However, such a position is important, in particular, for the safe retraction of the _ drilling tool, since it is that position in which the lost shield is to remain on the face of work. In order to be able to safely retract the drilling tool, it may be advantageous to design radially external regions in a tiltable manner, wherein larger wings capable of being tilted backwards from the face of work may be provided. Such a design has the advantage. that no separate precutting is required for the purpose of tilting in the drilling tool. After having pivoted in the abutment arms, the driving machine may readily be removed from the tunnel tube for purposes of repair and conversion with the shield body remaining in the tunnel tube. An alternative embodiment provides for additional driving presses arranged on the abutments of the abutment arms and pressed against the end faces of the tubbings, wherefor dragging of the shield may be omitted in this embodiment. This has the advantage that the safety of the teary rock is ensured by the lost shield between the drilling head and set tubbings during the complete driving procedure.
In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail by way of an exemplary embodiment of a tunnel-driving machine and its alternative embodiment schematically illustrated in the drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 is a side view of a tunnel-driving machine according to the invention;
Fig. 2 is a view in the direction of arrow II of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is a view onto the lost shield in the direction of arrow II, seen from a position behind the cutting tool; and Figs. 4 and 5 are side views of an alternative embodiment of the tunnel-driving machine according to the invention in different working positions.
In Fig. 1 a tunnel-driving machine is denoted by 1. The tunnel-driving machine comprises cutting tools 2 formed by cutters fixed on rotating arms 3. In the tunnel tube tubbings 4 are set, the foremost of which tubbings has an end face 5 oriented towards the face of work 6. Abutment arms 7 are provided, which are pivotable radially outwards by means of hydraulic cylinder-piston aggregates 8 and can be pressed against the end faces 5 of the tubbings 4. Adjustment of the drilling tools 2 in the advance direction 9 may be effected by the abutment arms 7. In addition, the tunnel-driving machine can be stabilized within the tunnel tube by radial supports 10 as well as, if required, a rear support 11. In the ~1~2687 illustration according to Fig. 1, an erector arm 12 is, furthermore, schematically shown, by which tubbings may be set at the tunnel wall.
The arms 3 of the drilling tool may be pivoted backwards by means of hydraulic cylinder-piston aggregates 13 in order to move the tunnel-driving machine 1 again out of the tunnel tube opposite to the advance direction 9.
In the region of the cutting tools 2 and of the arms 3, respectively, a lost shield 14 is arranged, whose rear edge 15 overlaps at least one tabbing segment 4. A radially inwardly projecting support 16 is visible, via which the lost shield 14 may be displaced in the advance direction 9 by means of the abutment arms 7, the front end 17 of the lost shield 14 overlapping the rotating arms 3 and the drilling tools 2, respectively.
As is apparent from the illustrations according to Figs.
2 and 3, free spaces 18 are each provided between circumferentially neighboring arms 3 carrying the drilling tools 2. The tabbing segments 4 are pivoted out into their positions at the periphery of the tunnel tube via erector arms 12, as is apparent, in particular, from Fig. 3. The radially inwardly projecting annular brim 16 of the lost shield 14 may extend in the circumferential direction over partial regions substantially corresponding to the central angles of the free spaces 18 and registering with the same in a particular rotatory position of the cutting tools. By pivoting the arms 3 backwards, the projection of the cutting tools alternatively 2m2ss7 may be brought to a circumference that is smaller than the inner circumference of the flange or annular brim 16 such that, also by such a measure, the extraction of the tunnel-driving machine 1 is feasible even if the annular flange 16 extends over the entire circumference.
In the interior of the tunneling machine, a discharging means 19 is schematically indicated. The erector arms 12 are supported on part of the tunneling machine 1 so as to be displaceable in the longitudinal direction of the tunneling machine.
Figs. 4 and 5 represent an alternative embodiment of the tunnel-driving machine 1, in which additional driving presses ~~, provided on the abutments 21 of the abutment arms 7 are pressed against the end faces 5, Fig. 4 illustrating.the 15 starting position with the driving presses retracted and Fig.
5 depicting the tunnel-driving machine after a working stroke.
providing an appropriate support of the machine at the same time. The pressing means, thus, is connected with the shield part in a non-positive manner and the abutment face of the shield part may get into abutment on the pressing means. It is essential that the lost shield can be entrained while simultaneously ensuring an appropriate support, for instance, via the end faces of set tubbings, for which purpose the abutment arms engage, for instance, at the end faces of set tubbings in an outwardly pivotable manner between the inwardly projecting flange or stop of the lost shield and the end faces of the set tubbings.
In order to guarantee full security against descending rocks, the lost shield according to an advantageous embodiment externally embraces set tubbings by a portion of its~jacket, wherein the lost shield between the flange or stop and its rear end preferably has an axial length at least corresponding to the axial length of a tubbing. Such dimensioning of the length of the lost shield ensures the full security of the rock in the rear region of the shield body, wherein it is possible to move the shield further immediately upon a knock-off and to set another tubbing in the already secured region.
The cutter wheel with such a configuration may be designed to be open as is frequently the case, in particular, with teary rocks. By using a lost shield, a support in this case may yet be obtained as far as to the front edge of the drilling tool, wherein the configuration preferably is chosen such that the 215268' lost shield overlaps the drilling tools as far as to the face of work.
In order not to affect the displaceabil.ity of the lost shield relative to the tunnel-driving machine in any way, the inwardly projecting flange or the stop advantageously extends over partial circumferential regions of the lost shield, which, in at least one rotatory position of the drilling tools, register with free regions of the same such that, at a standstill of the drilling tool, displacement of the lost shield is readily feasible even beyond the front edge of the drilling tool, if necessary. However, such a position is important, in particular, for the safe retraction of the _ drilling tool, since it is that position in which the lost shield is to remain on the face of work. In order to be able to safely retract the drilling tool, it may be advantageous to design radially external regions in a tiltable manner, wherein larger wings capable of being tilted backwards from the face of work may be provided. Such a design has the advantage. that no separate precutting is required for the purpose of tilting in the drilling tool. After having pivoted in the abutment arms, the driving machine may readily be removed from the tunnel tube for purposes of repair and conversion with the shield body remaining in the tunnel tube. An alternative embodiment provides for additional driving presses arranged on the abutments of the abutment arms and pressed against the end faces of the tubbings, wherefor dragging of the shield may be omitted in this embodiment. This has the advantage that the safety of the teary rock is ensured by the lost shield between the drilling head and set tubbings during the complete driving procedure.
In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail by way of an exemplary embodiment of a tunnel-driving machine and its alternative embodiment schematically illustrated in the drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 is a side view of a tunnel-driving machine according to the invention;
Fig. 2 is a view in the direction of arrow II of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is a view onto the lost shield in the direction of arrow II, seen from a position behind the cutting tool; and Figs. 4 and 5 are side views of an alternative embodiment of the tunnel-driving machine according to the invention in different working positions.
In Fig. 1 a tunnel-driving machine is denoted by 1. The tunnel-driving machine comprises cutting tools 2 formed by cutters fixed on rotating arms 3. In the tunnel tube tubbings 4 are set, the foremost of which tubbings has an end face 5 oriented towards the face of work 6. Abutment arms 7 are provided, which are pivotable radially outwards by means of hydraulic cylinder-piston aggregates 8 and can be pressed against the end faces 5 of the tubbings 4. Adjustment of the drilling tools 2 in the advance direction 9 may be effected by the abutment arms 7. In addition, the tunnel-driving machine can be stabilized within the tunnel tube by radial supports 10 as well as, if required, a rear support 11. In the ~1~2687 illustration according to Fig. 1, an erector arm 12 is, furthermore, schematically shown, by which tubbings may be set at the tunnel wall.
The arms 3 of the drilling tool may be pivoted backwards by means of hydraulic cylinder-piston aggregates 13 in order to move the tunnel-driving machine 1 again out of the tunnel tube opposite to the advance direction 9.
In the region of the cutting tools 2 and of the arms 3, respectively, a lost shield 14 is arranged, whose rear edge 15 overlaps at least one tabbing segment 4. A radially inwardly projecting support 16 is visible, via which the lost shield 14 may be displaced in the advance direction 9 by means of the abutment arms 7, the front end 17 of the lost shield 14 overlapping the rotating arms 3 and the drilling tools 2, respectively.
As is apparent from the illustrations according to Figs.
2 and 3, free spaces 18 are each provided between circumferentially neighboring arms 3 carrying the drilling tools 2. The tabbing segments 4 are pivoted out into their positions at the periphery of the tunnel tube via erector arms 12, as is apparent, in particular, from Fig. 3. The radially inwardly projecting annular brim 16 of the lost shield 14 may extend in the circumferential direction over partial regions substantially corresponding to the central angles of the free spaces 18 and registering with the same in a particular rotatory position of the cutting tools. By pivoting the arms 3 backwards, the projection of the cutting tools alternatively 2m2ss7 may be brought to a circumference that is smaller than the inner circumference of the flange or annular brim 16 such that, also by such a measure, the extraction of the tunnel-driving machine 1 is feasible even if the annular flange 16 extends over the entire circumference.
In the interior of the tunneling machine, a discharging means 19 is schematically indicated. The erector arms 12 are supported on part of the tunneling machine 1 so as to be displaceable in the longitudinal direction of the tunneling machine.
Figs. 4 and 5 represent an alternative embodiment of the tunnel-driving machine 1, in which additional driving presses ~~, provided on the abutments 21 of the abutment arms 7 are pressed against the end faces 5, Fig. 4 illustrating.the 15 starting position with the driving presses retracted and Fig.
5 depicting the tunnel-driving machine after a working stroke.
Claims (11)
1. In a tunnel-driving machine of the type including rotating drilling tool means having at least one support means capable of being placed against a tunnel wall or set tubbings, the improvement comprising a lost shield arranged in a region of said drilling tool means so as to be displaceable in an advance direction and abutment arm means adapted to support said lost shield in the advance direction.
2. A tunnel-driving machine as set forth in claim 1, wherein said lost shield is supported by said abutment arm means on said tunnel-driving machine.
3. A tunnel-driving machine as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a pressing means and wherein said lost shield is supported by said abutment arm means on said pressing means.
4. A tunnel-driving machine as set forth in claim 1, wherein said lost shield is supported by said abutment arm means on end faces of set tubbings.
5. A tunnel-driving machine as set forth in claim 1, further comprising at least one inwardly projecting flange or stop provided on said lost shield for engagement of said abutment arm means.
6. A tunnel-driving machine as set forth in claim 1, further comprising at least one inwardly projecting flange or stop provided on said lost shield for support on set tubbings.
7. A tunnel-driving machine as set forth in claim 1, wherein said lost shield has a jacket and externally embraces set tubbings by a portion of said jacket.
8. A tunnel-driving machine as set forth in claim 1, wherein said lost shield overlaps said drilling tool means as far as to a face of work.
9. A tunnel-driving machine as set forth in claim 1, wherein said lost shield between a flange or stop and a rear end of said lost shield has an axial length at least corresponding to the axial length of a tubbing.
10. A tunnel-driving machine as set forth in claim 1, wherein said drilling tools means have free regions and inwardly projecting flange or stop extends over partial circumferential regions of said lost shield, said partial circumferential regions registering with said free regions of said drilling tool means in at least one rotatory position of said drilling tools means.
11. A tunnel-driving machine as set forth in claim 1, further comprising additional driving press means arranged on said abutment arm means on abutments thereof and pressed against end faces of tubbings.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT0127194A AT405080B (en) | 1994-06-28 | 1994-06-28 | TUNNEL DRIVING MACHINE |
| ATA1271/94 | 1994-06-28 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2152687A1 CA2152687A1 (en) | 1995-12-29 |
| CA2152687C true CA2152687C (en) | 2006-03-14 |
Family
ID=3510275
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002152687A Expired - Lifetime CA2152687C (en) | 1994-06-28 | 1995-06-27 | Tunnel-driving machine |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AT (1) | AT405080B (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2152687C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE29510386U1 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1277196B1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1180910A (en) * | 1966-12-24 | 1970-02-11 | Mavor & Coulson Ltd | Tunnelling Apparatus. |
| US4260194A (en) * | 1978-11-01 | 1981-04-07 | Messerschmitt-Bolkow-Blohm Gmbh | Method and device for producing underground cavities using a driving shield |
| GB2145134B (en) * | 1983-08-20 | 1987-02-04 | Anderson Strathclyde Plc | Circular heading machine |
-
1994
- 1994-06-28 AT AT0127194A patent/AT405080B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1995
- 1995-06-27 DE DE29510386U patent/DE29510386U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-27 CA CA002152687A patent/CA2152687C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-28 IT IT95MI001383A patent/IT1277196B1/en active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2152687A1 (en) | 1995-12-29 |
| AT405080B (en) | 1999-05-25 |
| ATA127194A (en) | 1998-09-15 |
| DE29510386U1 (en) | 1995-08-31 |
| IT1277196B1 (en) | 1997-11-05 |
| ITMI951383A1 (en) | 1996-12-28 |
| ITMI951383A0 (en) | 1995-06-28 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |
Effective date: 20150629 |