CA2148900A1 - Panel and post pre-finished permanent formwork system - Google Patents
Panel and post pre-finished permanent formwork systemInfo
- Publication number
- CA2148900A1 CA2148900A1 CA 2148900 CA2148900A CA2148900A1 CA 2148900 A1 CA2148900 A1 CA 2148900A1 CA 2148900 CA2148900 CA 2148900 CA 2148900 A CA2148900 A CA 2148900A CA 2148900 A1 CA2148900 A1 CA 2148900A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- edge
- panel
- post
- perimeter
- receiving
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
- E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
- E04B2/8652—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with ties located in the joints of the forms
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/16—Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material
- E04B1/163—Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material with vertical and horizontal slabs, only the vertical slabs being partially cast in situ
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
- E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
- E04B2/8635—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with ties attached to the inner faces of the forms
- E04B2/8641—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with ties attached to the inner faces of the forms using dovetail-type connections
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
- E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
- E04B2002/867—Corner details
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
- E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
- E04B2002/8688—Scaffoldings or removable supports therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
- E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
- E04B5/32—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements
- E04B2005/322—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with permanent forms for the floor edges
Abstract
A permanent pre-finished formwork is built from an assortment of panels and posts that cooperate to facilitate variable casting dimensions and shapes. Individual panels can be removed from the formwork to permit access to the formwork interior prior to casting. In a preferred embodiment, the posts are characterized by a series of longitudinal channels that cleave the sides of the posts. The edges of the panels are designed to be retained within the post channels so that enclosed cells can be built to receive concrete. The panels between cells have holes in them that permit both concrete and reinforcing rods to pass through.
Description
214~00 Panel and Post Pre-finished Permanent Formwork System by Fred Filer Sally Filer and Ethan Filer This invention relates to a pre-finished formwork to be used for the casting of mainly concrete structures.
Formworks can generally be described as either temporary or permanent. A temporary formwork usually consists of sheets of heavy plywood which are erected in place by skilled workers to form the shape of the desired concrete structure and are removed from the completed concrete structure after the concrete has reached the required stage of hardness that 15 allows the formwork to be removed without ~l~m~ging or weakening the structure. The temporary formwork must then be removed from the worksite. The use of temporary formwork requires considerable labour and transportation costs.
A permanent formwork usually consists of lightweight forms erected in place to form the 20 shape of the concrete structure. It remains perm~n~ntly in place after the structure has been completed. As the forms are generally light weight and can be placed by unskilled workers, labour and transportation costs are greatly reduced.
214891~) Conventional permanent formworks suffer from four disadvantages.
The formworks require additional external finishing or protection to render them 5 weather-tight. The result is that additional labour, material and time must be consumed.
The formworks are of a specific fixed size, having unchangeable dimensions. Therefore on-site modifications to existing plans can be difficult and time consuming. Also, an inventory of special purpose connector parts is generally needed.
The interior of the formwork is in~ccessihle between the time that it has been erected and the time that concrete is invested therein. It is challenging to insert reinforcing rods under such circumstances. Generally, reinforcing rods must be pushed into the formworks from the end or outside corners of the formworks. Subsequent adjustment or connecting of the reinforcing 15 rods is very difficult. Building inspectors and engineers have trouble inspecting the interior of the formwork and tradesmen have difficulty inserting service conduits and panels of foamed plastic insulation which could otherwise be advantageously inserted at this stage.
Finally, the formwork can be placed and concrete invested therein for only one storey of a 20 building at a time. Thereafter, a floor must be placed and subsequently another storey similarly built upon this floor. The result is an lln.~ightly break line on the exterior face of the structure.
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United States Patent number 5,216,863 granted to Nessa and Pettersen on June 8, 1993 for a "Formwork Comprising a Plurality of Interconnectable Formwork Elements", teaches a typical permanent formwork comprised of interconnectable formwork elements. The 5 formwork is basically a system of interconnectable plastic tubes which when joined together become a series of hollow columns into which concrete is poured. The concrete flows between the columns through holes in one side of the plastic tubes. The formwork remains permanently in place on the concrete structure.
10 The '863 formwork system has a number of disadvantages. It requires the manufacture of a specific corner element for use at a turning point or junction point of the formwork, and as the elements are substantially cylindrical in form and not adjustable as to diameter, dimension specific elements must be manufactured to obtain specific wall thicknesses, and the formwork cannot be erected and invested incrementally but must be assembled and invested as a unit.
15 Also, this formwork does not provide interconnection devices for the addition of elements to a previously completed structure.
A further disadvantage of the '863 formwork system is that horizontal reinforcing rods cannot 20 readily be installed from a facing wall of the formwork because the formwork must be fully assembled before reinforcing rods are placed. As a result, the reinforcing rods must generally be pushed into the formwork elements from the outside corners of the formwork.
The 863' formwork system allows very limited access to the interior of the formwork after assembly. Access can only be gained from a facing side of the formwork if an access point has been pre-designed into the formwork; otherwise, all access must be through the tops of the 5 tubes. If the formwork is built to such a height that the concrete being poured must fall more than eight feet, there is a concern that aggregate separation may occur. Pouring concrete under such conditions is made even more challenging if the formwork tubes are latticed with reinforcing bars because such crowding in the formwork further restricts the delivery options for the concrete.
Finally, the parallel tubular formwork geometry taught in the 863' patent produces castings having a corrugated cross section rather than a uniform thickness. The corrugated cross section results in a regular pattern of weak spots in the c~ctings.
15 What is needed is a pre-finished permanent formwork system having a set of elements that cooperate to facilitate variable casting dimensions and shapes and to permit easy access to the interior of a formwork prior to casting. The formwork system should provide for easy insertion of reinforcing rods and should be capable of forming multiple storey formworks. It should work with concrete and other hardenable materials.
The present invention is directed to such a formwork system.
According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a containment apparatus, comprising: a first panel having a first edge, a second edge opposing the first edge, a third edge adjacent to the first edge, a fourth edge opposing the third edge, a first surface bounded by the first, second, third and fourth edges, and a second surface opposing the first surface, a second 5 panel having a first edge, a second edge opposing the first edge, a third edge adjacent to the first edge, a fourth edge opposing the third edge, a first surface bounded by the first, second, third and fourth edges, and a second surface opposing the first surface, means for connecting the first edge of the first panel to the second edge of the second panel, and means for connecting the first edge of the second panel to the second edge of the first panel, thereby 10 enclosing a volume. In one embodiment, the means for connecting the first edge of the first panel to the second edge of the second panel is a post having a first end, a second end and a perimeter fully extending between the first end and the second end wherein means for receiving the first panel is disposed on the perimeter and adapted to releasably retain the first edge of the first panel, and means for receiving the second panel is disposed on the perimeter 15 and adapted to releasably retain the second edge of the second panel. The means for receiving the first panel might be a channel cleaving the perimeter of the post and the channel might extend longit~l-lin~lly between the first end and the second end of the post. The means for receiving the first panel might be a compression fitting disposed on the perimeter of the post.
In another embo~iment the means for connecting the first edge of the first panel to the 20 second edge of the second panel is a post having a first end, a second end and a perimeter extending between the first end and the second end wherein the first edge of the first panel is fused to the perimeter and means for receiving the second panel is disposed on the perimeter 21489~0 and adapted to releasably retain the second edge of the second panel. In either embodiment, the first panel might define an aperture extending between and passing through the first surface and the second surface.
5 According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a kit of parts for building a cont linment apparatus, comprising: a first panel having a first edge, a second edge opposing the first edge, a third edge adjacent to the first edge, a fourth edge opposing the third edge, a first surface bounded by the first, second, third and fourth edges, and a second surface opposing the first surface, a second panel having a first edge, a second edge opposing the first 10 edge, a third edge adjacent to the first edge, a fourth edge opposing the third edge, a first surface bounded by the first, second, third and fourth edges, and a second surface opposing the first surface, means for connecting the first edge of the first panel to the second edge of the second panel, and means for connecting the first edge of the second panel to the second edge of the first panel, thereby enclosing a volume.
According to a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a panel for constructing a containment apparatus, the containment apparatus having a post adapted to receive and releasably retain the panel, the panel comprising: a first edge, a second edge opposing the first edge, a third edge adjacent to the first edge, a fourth edge opposing the third edge, a first 20 surface bounded by the first, second, third and fourth edges, and a second surface opposing the first surface, wherein the first edge is adapted to be received and releasably retained by the post. The first edge might define a ridge extending between the third edge and the fourth edge 21~8900 and being adapted to be received and releasably retained within the post. In one embodiment, the panel further includes an arm projecting from the first face intermediate the first edge and the second edge and defining a channel extending between the third edge and the fourth edge adapted to receive and releasably retain the edge of a panel. In another embodiment, the panel 5 is characterized by an aperture fully extending between and passing through the first surface and the second surface. The perimeter of the aperture might be circular or might include a notch adapted to receive and releasably retain a reinforcing rod. In yet another embodiment, the panel is composed of first and second independent abutting sub-panels, the first sub-panel completely defining the third edge of the panel and the second sub-panel completely defining 10 the fourth edge of the panel.
According to yet another aspect of the invention, there is provided a post for use in connecting the first edge of a first panel and the second edge of a second panel in a containment apparatus, the post comprising: a first end, a second end, and a perimeter fully 15 extending between the first end and the second end wherein means for receiving the first panel is disposed on the perimeter and adapted to releasably retain the first edge of the first panel, and means for receiving the second panel is disposed on the perimeter and adapted to releasably retain the second edge of the second panel. The means for receiving the first panel might be a channel cleaving the perimeter of the post. The cross-section of the channel might 20 be bulbous, T-shaped or substantially triangular and the channel might extend longit~l~inally between the first end and the second end of the post. Alternatively, the means for receiving the first panel might be a compression fitting or a fusion joint disposed on the perimeter of the 214891~0 post. In one embodiment, the post has a longitudinal axial bore extending between the first end and the second end. In another embodiment, the post has a third panel receiving means is disposed on the perimeter.
5 According to still another aspect of the invention, there is provided a member for buttressing a containment apparatus having a post as described above, comprising: a first end adapted to be received and releasably retained in the third panel receiving means, and a second end adapted to oppose a substantially immovable surface.
10 According to yet another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of connecting panels to form a containment apparatus, comprising: erecting a first panel having a first edge, a second edge opposing the first edge, a third edge adjacent to the first edge, a fourth edge opposing the third edge, a first surface bounded by the first, second, third and fourth edges, and a second surface opposing the first surface, erecting a second panel having a first edge, a 15 second edge opposing the first edge, a third edge adjacent to the first edge, a fourth edge opposing the third edge, a first surface bounded by the first, second, third and fourth edges, and a second surface opposing the first surface, erecting a post having a first end, a second end and a perimeter fully extending between the first end and the second end wherein means for receiving the first panel is disposed on the perimeter and adapted to releasably retain the first 20 edge of the first panel, and means for receiving the second panel is disposed on the perimeter and adapted to releasably retain the second edge of the second panel, connecting the first edge 21~8~0~
of the first-panel to the means for receiving the first panel, and connecting the second edge of the second panel to the means for receiving the second panel.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of increment~lly 5 investing a containment apparatus having a panel having a first edge, a second edge opposing the first edge, a third edge adjacent to the first edge, a fourth edge opposing the third edge, a first surface bounded by the first, second, third and fourth edges, and a second surface opposing the first surface, ~ivherein the panel is composed of first and second independent abutting sub-panels, the first sub-panel completely defining the third edge of the panel and the 10 second sub-panel completely defining the fourth edge of the panel, the method comprising:
ensuring that the second sub-panel is not connected in place in the containment apparatus, investing the cont~inment apparatus to a level insufficient to overrun the first sub-panel, inserting the second sub-panel, and investing the cont~inment apparatus to a level insufficient to overrun the second sub-panel.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of bracing a containment apparatus having a post, the post being characterized by a bore, the method comprising: inserting a section of loop termin~tecl reinforcing rod into the bore of the post, threading an elongated rigid member through the loop in the reinforcing rod, and adjusting 20 the reinforcing rod to retain the rigid member against the containment apparatus.
According to still another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of buttressing a containment apparatus having a post, the post having a bore, the method comprising:
inserting the first end of a bent reinforcing rod into the bore of the post, inserting the second end of the bent reinforcing rod into the bore of the post, abutting the first end of an elongated 5 rigid member against the containment apparatus, abutting the second end of the member against a substantially immovable surface, and securing a middle portion of the member to a middle portion of the bent reinforcing rod.
According to a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of buttressing a 10 containment apparatus having a post, the post having means for receiving a panel, the method comprising: abutting the first end of an elongated rigid member against the post, the first end of the member being adapted to be received and releasably retained in means for receiving a panel, and abutting the second end of the member against a substantially immovable surface.
15 These and other features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with reference to the following description, appended claims, and accompanying drawings, where:
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a formwork embodying one aspect of the invention.
Figure 2 is a plan view of the formwork of Figure 1, ~et~iling the interconnection of the components.
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Figure 3A is a plan view of one embodiment of the panel component of the formwork of Figure 1.
Figure 3B is a plan view of an alternative embodiment of the panel component of the formwork of Figure 1.
5 Figure 4A is an elevation view of the panel component of Figure 3A.
Figure 4B is an elevation view of the panel component of Figure 3B.
Figure 5 is a perspective view of the panel component of Figure 3B.
Figure 6A is a plan view of one embodiment of the spacer component of the formwork of Figure 1.
10 Figure 6B is a plan view of an alternative embodiment of the spacer component of the formwork of Figure 1.
Figure 7A is an elevation view of the spacer component of Figure 6A.
Figure 7B is an elevation view of the spacer component of Figure 6B.
Figure 8 is a plan view of one embodiment of the post component of the formwork of Figure 1.
Figure 9 is an elevation view of the post component of Figure 8.
Figure lOA is a plan view of one embodiment of the post component of the formwork of Figure 1.
Figure lOB is a plan view of an alternative embodiment of the post component of the formwork of Figure 1.
Figure 10C is a plan view of an alternative embodiment of the post component of the formwork of Figure 1.
Figure lOD is a plan view of an alternative embodiment of the post component of the formwork of Figure 1.
Figure lOE is a plan view of an alternative embodiment of the post component of the formwork of Figure 1.
5 Figures llA - llC are a series of perspective views illustrating the assembly of a formwork embodying the invention.
Figure 12 is a plan view of a formwork embodying the invention, illustrating a simple formwork configuration.
Figure 13 is a plan view of a formwork embodying the invention, illustrating a more complex formwork configuration than that illustrated in Figure 12.
Figure 14 is a plan view of a formwork embodying the invention, illustrating a formwork following a curved path.
Figure 15 is an elevation view of a formwork embodying the invention, illustrating a formwork for an arch and a pitched roof-line.
Figure 16 Is a plan view of a cell configuration for a formwork embodying the lnventlon.
Figure 17 is a perspective view of a partial formwork embodying the invention, illustrating an insertion path for reinforcing rod. 0 Figures 18A-18C are a series of perspective views of a formwork embodying the invention, illustrating the incremental investment of casting material.
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21489~0 Figures 19A-19E are a series of perspective views of a formwork embodying the invention, illustrating a multi-storey investment of casting material.
Figure 20 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a system for bracing and buttressing a formwork embodying the invention.
With reference now to Figures 1 and 2, a formwork embodying the invention is generally illustrated at 20. The formwork 20 is a network of cells, each being generally illustrated at 22.
Each cell 22 is a tubular shell assembled from an assortment of continuous panels 40 and perforated spacers 60 which are connected together by a plurality of channelled posts 80. The 10 panels 40, spacers 60, and posts 80 are preferably made from extruded polyvinylchloride because it is substantially weather-tight, has relatively high impact resistance, does not requiring finishing and is colourable. Other materials displaying some of the above properties could also be appropriate. Other materials might include metals such as extruded aluminium, other plastics, rubbers or composites, and even wood or wood fibre building products.
With reference now to Figures 3A and 4A, a panel, generally illustrated at 40a, is shown in greater detail, having first and second ends 42a, 44a, first and second edges 46a, 48a and first and second faces 50a, 52a. The first and second faces 50a, 52a are substantially parallel and define the thickness of the panel 40a between them. A preferred thickness of approximately 1 20 mm strikes a balance between the strength required to withstand the pressures resulting from the investment of concrete and the amount of PVC required to manufacture the formwork.
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The thickness of the panel 40b swells locally along the first and second edges 46a, 48a, which may be either bulbous or angular.
With reference now to Figures 3B, 4B, and 5, an alternative embodiment of a panel is 5 illustrated at 40b. The panel 40b has first and second ends 42b, 44b, first and second edges 46b, 48b and first and second faces 50b, 52b. The first and second faces 50b, 52b are substantially parallel and define the thickness of the panel 40b between them. A preferred thickness of approximately 1 mm strikes a balance between the strength required to withstand the pressures resulting from the investment of concrete and the amount of PVC required to 10 manufacture the formwork. The thickness of the panel 40b swells locally along the first and second edges 46b, 48b, which may be either bulbous or angular. Extending either perpendicularly or obliquely from the first face 50b intermediate the first and second edges 46b, 48b is a T-shaped female connector 54b defining a channel 56b corresponding in size and shape to the male first and second edges 66, 68 of a spacer 60 (to be further described 15 hereinbelow) so as to be able to receive and hold snugly one such spacer 60 by one of its edges 66, 68.
With reference now to Figures 6A, 6B, 7A, and 7B, a spacer 60 is shown in greater detail, having first and second ends 62, 64, first and second edges 66, 68 and first and second faces 70, 20 72. The first and second faces 70, 72 are substantially parallel and define the thickness of the spacer 60 between them. A preferred thickness of approximalely 1 mm strikes a balance between the strength required to withstand the pressures resulting from the investment of 1~' 21~8900 concrete and the amount of PVC required to manufacture the formwork. The thickness of the spacer 60 swells locally along the first and second edges 66, 68, which may be either bulbous or angular. The thickness and shape of the swollen edges 66, 68 correspond to the edges 46, 48 of the panels 40. The spacer 60 is further characterized by a plurality of apertures 5 74a, 74b passing completely through the spacer 60, extending between the first face 70 and the second face 72. The apertures 74 are sized both to easily accept a reinforcing rod 1000 (not part of the invention) and to permit concrete to flow therethrough. If a reinforcing rod 1000 is placed in corresponding notches 76 in the apertures 74b of adjacent spacers 60, the resulting formwork 20 will have improved rigidity and linearity.
With reference now to Figures 8 and 9, a post 80 is shown in greater detail, having first and second ends 82, 84 and a plurality of sides continuous 86' and cleft sides 86". Each post 80 defines a plurality of radial channels 88, each channel 88 running longituc~in ~lly along the post 80. Each channel 88 is characterized by a cavity 90 which constricts to a narrow slot 92 that 15 radiates outward to cleave an adjacent side 86" of the post 80. The size and shape of the cavity 90 correspond to the edges 46, 48 of the panels 40 and the edges 66, 68 of the spacers 60 so as to be able to receive and snugly hold a panel 40 or a spacer 60 therein.
With reference now to Figures 10A, lOB, lOC, lOD, and 10E, five further embodiments of the 20 posts 80 will now be described.
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2l~89oo With reference now to Figure lOA, a cylindrical post is generally illustrated at 80a, having first and second ends 82a, 84a (not shown) and a circumferential edge 86a. Each post 80a defines a plurality of radial channels 88a, each channel 88a running longit~1rlinally along the post 80a.
Each channel 88a is characterized by a cavity 90a which constricts to a narrow slot 92a that 5 radiates outward, cleaving the circumferential edge 86a of the post 80a.
With reference now to Figure lOB, a rectangular cross-section post is generally illustrated at 80b, having first and second ends 82b, 84b (not shown) and a plurality of sides 86b. Each post 80b defines a plurality of radial chann~l~ 88b, each channel 88b running longitudinally along 10 the post 80b. Each channel 88b is characterized by a triangular cross-section cavity 90b which constricts to a narrow slot 92b that radiates outward to cleave an adjacent side 86b of the post 80b.
With reference now to Figure lOC, a rectangular cross-section post is generally illustrated at 15 80c, having first and second ends 82c, 84c (not shown) and a plurality of sides 86c. Each post 80c defines a plurality of radial channels 88c, each channel 88c, running longitudinally along the post 80c. Each channel 88c is characterized by a T-shaped cross-section cavity 90c which constricts to a narrow slot 92c that radiates outward to cleave an adjacent side 86c of the post ~Oc.
With reference now to Figure lOD, a rectangular cross-section post is generally illustrated at 80d, having first and second ends 82d, 84d (not shown) and a plurality of sides 86d. Each post l'l 80d defines a plurality of radial channels 88d, each channel 88d, running longit~l~linally along the post 80d. Each channel 88d is characterized by a T-shaped cross-section cavity 90d which constricts to a narrow slot 92d that radiates outward to cleave an adjacent side 86d of the post 80d. The post 80d is characterized by a longitudinal axial aperture 96d extending between the 5 first and second ends 82d, 84d. The post 80d is further characterized by four longitudinal troughs 98d extending between the first and second ends 82d, 84d at the intersection of adjacent sides 86d.
With reference now to Figure lOE, an octagonal post is generally illustrated at 80e, having first 10 and second ends 82e, 84e (not shown) and a plurality of continuous sides 86e', cleft sides 86e", and divided sides 86e"'. Each post 80e defines a plurality of radial channels 88e, each channel 88e running longit~l~inally along the post 80e. Each channel 88e is characterized by a cavity 90e which constricts to a narrow slot 92e that radiates outward to cleave an adjacent side 86e"
of the post 80e. A panel 40e having first and second ends 42e, 44e, (not shown) first and 15 second edges 46e, 48e and first and second faces 50e, 52e joins two such octagonal posts 80e, cach edge 46e, 48e being fused to a divided side 86e"' of a post 80e.
With reference now to Figures llA through llC, the process of assembling a section 100 of formwork 120 will now be described. With reference specifically to Figure llA, the user first 20 threads the edges 146, 148 of a set of outside panels 140 through the channels 188 of a set of outside posts 180. The user follows this process to build sections of the outside perimeter of the formwork 120. With reference specifically to Figure 1 lB, the user then threads the first edge 166 of spacers 160 through the unoccupied channels 188 of the set of outside posts 180 either perpendicular or oblique to the plane of the panels 140. A set of inside posts 180' is then attached to the free second end 168 of the spacers 160 by threading the second end 168 into a free channel 188 of each of the inside posts 180'. With reference specifically to Figure 5 llC, a section 100 of the formwork 120 is completed by threading an inside set of panels 140' through the free channels 188 in the inside set of posts 180' so as to oppose the outside set of panels 140. When casting a foundation, the formwork 120 may be set upon a finished casted base or footing, or directly onto gravel or some other solid structure.
10 With reference now to Figures 12 through 16, various arrangements of formworks 20 and cells 22 will be considered. Figure 12 shows a plurality of panels 240, spacers 260 and posts 280 which have been arranged into a portion of formwork 220, generally illustrated at 200. A
perimeter of panels 240 are connected together by posts 280 so as to enclose a volume into which concrete may be cast. A plurality of spacers 260 are inserted transversely to join 15 unconnected adjacent posts 280 so as to increase the strength of the formwork portion 200 to resist the outward pressure of the concrete to be contained. The apertures 274 in the spacers 260 are sized and shaped to permit reinforcing bars 1000 to be inserted therethrough and to permit concrete cast within the formwork portion 200 to distribute throughout and reach an equilibrium level so that the result becomes a continuous construction coated with the 20 formwork 220 material. Reinforcing rods 1000 may be inserted either vertically within a cell 222, or hori~ontally or diagonally through appropriated apertures 274 in the spacers 260.
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21~8900 With reference now to Figure 13, another portion of formwork 320 is generally illustrated at 300. The formwork portion 300 illustrates the use of an intermediate row of posts 380"
between the outside posts 380 and the inside posts 380' to both widen that section of the formwork portion 300 and to connect spacers 360.
With reference now to Figure 14, a curved portion of formwork 420 is generally illustrated at 400. A section of the formwork portion 400 is made to follow a curved path through the intentional use of various panels 440 having differing widths. However, by using only spacers 460 having a uniform width, the thickness of the formwork 420 remains substantially constant 10 even around curves.
With reference now to Figure 15, an archway portion of formwork 520 is generally illustrated at 500. Figure 15 illustrates that the panels 540, spacers 560 (not shown) and posts 580 can be cut to length to fit around an archway form 1050 (not part of the invention) or to produce an 15 inclined roof-line 530. The panels 540, spacers 560, and posts 580 can be easily cut using ordinary tools such as knives, snips or saws. It should be understood that the archway form 1050 (not part of the invention) is supported in place by a support framework which is specifically designed and fabricated for that purpose and is not part of the invention.
20 The light weight and small size of the formwork 520 components permits joining of like components vertically. When such a join is to be made, it is advantageous that adjacent or near joins be staggered a reasonable amount so that no adjacent joins line up horizontally.
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With reference now to Figure 16, two cells 622a, 622b are shown in a portion 600 of formwork 620. Figure 16 illustrates an arrangement of panels 640b, posts 680, and spacers 660 to minimi7e the use of posts 680, which are the more expensive elements. By alternating posts 5 680 with panels 640b having T-shaped female connector 654b, the number of posts 680 can be reduced by half without red~lring the number of transversely connected spacers 660. It has been found that a particularly advantageous separation distance between parallel panels and spacers is four inches. This separation provides for a suitable tension in the formwork 620 for withstanding the expansion forces of the concrete. This separation also f~rilit~tes an inter-post 10 680 spacing of 16 inches which corresponds to the standard 16 inch separation between drywall studs in more conventional wooden or metal frame construction. Drywall screws can be driven directly into the plastic posts 680, thereby avoiding the need to anchor the screws into the concrete. It will be observed that the posts 680, having only three instead of four channels, integrate smoothly with the adjacent panels 640b. This combination of the panels 15 640b and posts 680 yields either a flush surface on which to mount drywall or an attractive wall surface in its own right.
With reference to Figure 17, a section of a formwork 720 is illustrated generally at 700. The inside set of panels 740' (not shown) have been removed to permit access to the inside of the 20 formwork section 700. This capability is useful for such purposes as inserting reinforcing rods 1000 (not part of the invention) into the section of formwork 700. The user may either thread the rods 1000 sequentially through a series of apertures 774 or, if the inside set of posts 780' 2l~89oo (not shown) have been removed, may breach the side of the selected apertures 774 as shown in Figure 17, so as to be able to laterally install the rods 1000 into all apertures 774 simultaneously. It should be understood that the user may wish to remove the outside set of panels 740 and posts 780 instead of the inside set of panels 740' and posts 780.
With reference now to Figures 18A, 18B, and 18C, the process of incrementally casting concrete will be described. It is necessary to place concrete into forms with care to prevent separation of the lighter and heavier parts, and this concern precludes dropping the concrete into place from any great height. Incremental casting is advantageous where the height of the 10 drop of the concrete when poured into the formwork could result in aggregate separation or where the height of a continuous pour is so great that the weight of the invested concrete could cause a blowout or bursting of the formwork.
A section of formwork 820 is illustrated generally at 800. The formwork section 800 includes 15 a set of outside panels 840 connected together by a set of outside posts 880. A set of spacers 860 thread into the outside posts 880 obliquely or perpendicularly to the outside set of panels 840. An inside set of panels 840' and posts 880' closes the formwork section 800 for casting concrete therein. Each of the inside panels 840' is made up of a separate upper segment 840a' and lower segment 840b'.
With reference specifically to Figures 18A and 18B, the inside panel upper segment 840a' has been removed to facilitate access to the inside of the formwork section 800 while concrete is ~1 21~890~
cast into place no higher than the top of the inside panel lower segment 840b'. With reference to Figure 18C, the inside panel upper segment 840a' has been reinserted so that casting may continue up to that height.
5 With reference to Figures 19A through 19E, a process is described for incrementally investing a section 900 of a formwork 920 to pour a multi-storey structure without showing a break line on the exterior wall of the structure. The formwork section 900 includes a set of outside panels 940 connected together by a set of outside posts 980. A set of spacers 960 thread into the outside posts 980 obliquely or perpendicularly to the outside set of panels 940. A set of 10 inside panels 940' and inside posts 980' closes the formwork section 900 for casting concrete therein. Each of the inside panels 940' is made up of a separate upper segment 940a' and lower segment 940b'. Each of the inside posts 980' is made up of a separate upper segment 980a' and lower segment 980b'. Each set of spacers is made up of a separate upper segment 960a and lower segment 960b.
With reference specifically to Figures 19A and 19B, the upper segments of the inside panels 940a', spacers 960a and inside posts 980a' have been removed to facilitate access to the inside of the formwork section 900 while concrete is cast into place no higher than the top of the lower segment of the inside panels 940b', spacers 960b and inside posts 980b'. With reference to 20 Figure 19C, either a floor slab 910 (not part of the invention) is cast in place or else a pre-cast slab is placed such that it almost abuts each of the set of outside panels 940. With reference to 21~8900 Figures 19D and l9E, the upper segments of the inside panels 940a', spacers 960a and inside posts 980c' have been reinserted so that casting may continue to that height.
With reference now to Figure 20, there will be described a system for bracing and buttressing 5 a section of formwork 1120 that is generally illustrated at 1100. The formwork section 1100 is an arrangement of panels 1140 and spacers 1160 interconnected by posts 1180. A plurality of reinforcing rods 1000 are inserted through the tops 1182 of certain of the posts 1180 and into the post's axial central bore (not shown). The formwork section 1100 is horizontally braced against a plurality of subst~nti~lly straight elongated bracing members 1005, such as wooden 10 planks. The bracing members 1005 are held against the formwork section 1100 by the loops termin~ting the reinforcing rods 1000.
The formwork section 1100 must be buttressed as well as braced. With reference still to Figure 20, the first end of a rigid elongated buttressing member 1006, such as a plank, is 15 abutted against a bracing member 1005. The second end of the buttressing member 1006 is abutted against a substantially immovable surface, such as the ground or an adjoining structure. A notch 1007 in the first end of the b~ essing member 1006 is adapted to receive and engage the bracing member 1005. The buttressing member 1006 may be further secured to the bracing member 1005 by means of a fastener such as a nail 1008. The buttressing 20 member 1006 may also be secured directly to the formwork section 1100 by means of a bent reinforcing rod 1001. Each end of the bent reinforcing rod 1001 is retained in the central bore (not shown) of a post 1180 while a middle portion of the bent reinforcing rod 1001 is secured o~
~1489 to the buttressing member 1006 by means of a fastener such as a bent nail, a loop, an eye or a lashing. A series of such b~ ressing members 1006 would be erected on each side of the formwork section 1100. An alternative arrangement (not shown) for buttressing the formwork section 1100 would be to engage the first end of each buttressing member 1006 5 directly into a spare outside channel (not shown) of a post 1180.
Although specific embodiments of the present invention have been described and illustrated, the present invention is not limited to the features of these embodiments, but includes all variations and modifications within the scope of the claims.
It should be appreciated that a formwork 20 used to build a structure may conveniently anchor subsequent additions by receiving and supporting some of the new panels 40, spacers 60 and posts 80 used to erect the formwork 20 for the new additions.
15 It is contemplated that the panels and spacers could be fitted with male connectors instead of female connectors and that the posts could be fitted with corresponding female connectors instead of male connectors.
It is also contemplated that the formwork cells could be used to contain non-hardenable 20 materials, such as earth, to form retaining walls and the like.
~1 2l489oo Although the panels and spacers are preferably planar, it is contemplated that other configurations could also be suitable. Although rectangular cells were described, other closed shapes such as triangular cells would also fit within the spirit of the invention. If curvilinear, a pair of connected panels could enclose a volume so as to receive and retain material.
Although the panels and spacers have been connected to the posts through tongue and groove joints, many other suitable joints will occur to those skilled in the art, including varieties of dovetail joints, mortise and tenon joints, and compression fittings.
Formworks can generally be described as either temporary or permanent. A temporary formwork usually consists of sheets of heavy plywood which are erected in place by skilled workers to form the shape of the desired concrete structure and are removed from the completed concrete structure after the concrete has reached the required stage of hardness that 15 allows the formwork to be removed without ~l~m~ging or weakening the structure. The temporary formwork must then be removed from the worksite. The use of temporary formwork requires considerable labour and transportation costs.
A permanent formwork usually consists of lightweight forms erected in place to form the 20 shape of the concrete structure. It remains perm~n~ntly in place after the structure has been completed. As the forms are generally light weight and can be placed by unskilled workers, labour and transportation costs are greatly reduced.
214891~) Conventional permanent formworks suffer from four disadvantages.
The formworks require additional external finishing or protection to render them 5 weather-tight. The result is that additional labour, material and time must be consumed.
The formworks are of a specific fixed size, having unchangeable dimensions. Therefore on-site modifications to existing plans can be difficult and time consuming. Also, an inventory of special purpose connector parts is generally needed.
The interior of the formwork is in~ccessihle between the time that it has been erected and the time that concrete is invested therein. It is challenging to insert reinforcing rods under such circumstances. Generally, reinforcing rods must be pushed into the formworks from the end or outside corners of the formworks. Subsequent adjustment or connecting of the reinforcing 15 rods is very difficult. Building inspectors and engineers have trouble inspecting the interior of the formwork and tradesmen have difficulty inserting service conduits and panels of foamed plastic insulation which could otherwise be advantageously inserted at this stage.
Finally, the formwork can be placed and concrete invested therein for only one storey of a 20 building at a time. Thereafter, a floor must be placed and subsequently another storey similarly built upon this floor. The result is an lln.~ightly break line on the exterior face of the structure.
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United States Patent number 5,216,863 granted to Nessa and Pettersen on June 8, 1993 for a "Formwork Comprising a Plurality of Interconnectable Formwork Elements", teaches a typical permanent formwork comprised of interconnectable formwork elements. The 5 formwork is basically a system of interconnectable plastic tubes which when joined together become a series of hollow columns into which concrete is poured. The concrete flows between the columns through holes in one side of the plastic tubes. The formwork remains permanently in place on the concrete structure.
10 The '863 formwork system has a number of disadvantages. It requires the manufacture of a specific corner element for use at a turning point or junction point of the formwork, and as the elements are substantially cylindrical in form and not adjustable as to diameter, dimension specific elements must be manufactured to obtain specific wall thicknesses, and the formwork cannot be erected and invested incrementally but must be assembled and invested as a unit.
15 Also, this formwork does not provide interconnection devices for the addition of elements to a previously completed structure.
A further disadvantage of the '863 formwork system is that horizontal reinforcing rods cannot 20 readily be installed from a facing wall of the formwork because the formwork must be fully assembled before reinforcing rods are placed. As a result, the reinforcing rods must generally be pushed into the formwork elements from the outside corners of the formwork.
The 863' formwork system allows very limited access to the interior of the formwork after assembly. Access can only be gained from a facing side of the formwork if an access point has been pre-designed into the formwork; otherwise, all access must be through the tops of the 5 tubes. If the formwork is built to such a height that the concrete being poured must fall more than eight feet, there is a concern that aggregate separation may occur. Pouring concrete under such conditions is made even more challenging if the formwork tubes are latticed with reinforcing bars because such crowding in the formwork further restricts the delivery options for the concrete.
Finally, the parallel tubular formwork geometry taught in the 863' patent produces castings having a corrugated cross section rather than a uniform thickness. The corrugated cross section results in a regular pattern of weak spots in the c~ctings.
15 What is needed is a pre-finished permanent formwork system having a set of elements that cooperate to facilitate variable casting dimensions and shapes and to permit easy access to the interior of a formwork prior to casting. The formwork system should provide for easy insertion of reinforcing rods and should be capable of forming multiple storey formworks. It should work with concrete and other hardenable materials.
The present invention is directed to such a formwork system.
According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a containment apparatus, comprising: a first panel having a first edge, a second edge opposing the first edge, a third edge adjacent to the first edge, a fourth edge opposing the third edge, a first surface bounded by the first, second, third and fourth edges, and a second surface opposing the first surface, a second 5 panel having a first edge, a second edge opposing the first edge, a third edge adjacent to the first edge, a fourth edge opposing the third edge, a first surface bounded by the first, second, third and fourth edges, and a second surface opposing the first surface, means for connecting the first edge of the first panel to the second edge of the second panel, and means for connecting the first edge of the second panel to the second edge of the first panel, thereby 10 enclosing a volume. In one embodiment, the means for connecting the first edge of the first panel to the second edge of the second panel is a post having a first end, a second end and a perimeter fully extending between the first end and the second end wherein means for receiving the first panel is disposed on the perimeter and adapted to releasably retain the first edge of the first panel, and means for receiving the second panel is disposed on the perimeter 15 and adapted to releasably retain the second edge of the second panel. The means for receiving the first panel might be a channel cleaving the perimeter of the post and the channel might extend longit~l-lin~lly between the first end and the second end of the post. The means for receiving the first panel might be a compression fitting disposed on the perimeter of the post.
In another embo~iment the means for connecting the first edge of the first panel to the 20 second edge of the second panel is a post having a first end, a second end and a perimeter extending between the first end and the second end wherein the first edge of the first panel is fused to the perimeter and means for receiving the second panel is disposed on the perimeter 21489~0 and adapted to releasably retain the second edge of the second panel. In either embodiment, the first panel might define an aperture extending between and passing through the first surface and the second surface.
5 According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a kit of parts for building a cont linment apparatus, comprising: a first panel having a first edge, a second edge opposing the first edge, a third edge adjacent to the first edge, a fourth edge opposing the third edge, a first surface bounded by the first, second, third and fourth edges, and a second surface opposing the first surface, a second panel having a first edge, a second edge opposing the first 10 edge, a third edge adjacent to the first edge, a fourth edge opposing the third edge, a first surface bounded by the first, second, third and fourth edges, and a second surface opposing the first surface, means for connecting the first edge of the first panel to the second edge of the second panel, and means for connecting the first edge of the second panel to the second edge of the first panel, thereby enclosing a volume.
According to a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a panel for constructing a containment apparatus, the containment apparatus having a post adapted to receive and releasably retain the panel, the panel comprising: a first edge, a second edge opposing the first edge, a third edge adjacent to the first edge, a fourth edge opposing the third edge, a first 20 surface bounded by the first, second, third and fourth edges, and a second surface opposing the first surface, wherein the first edge is adapted to be received and releasably retained by the post. The first edge might define a ridge extending between the third edge and the fourth edge 21~8900 and being adapted to be received and releasably retained within the post. In one embodiment, the panel further includes an arm projecting from the first face intermediate the first edge and the second edge and defining a channel extending between the third edge and the fourth edge adapted to receive and releasably retain the edge of a panel. In another embodiment, the panel 5 is characterized by an aperture fully extending between and passing through the first surface and the second surface. The perimeter of the aperture might be circular or might include a notch adapted to receive and releasably retain a reinforcing rod. In yet another embodiment, the panel is composed of first and second independent abutting sub-panels, the first sub-panel completely defining the third edge of the panel and the second sub-panel completely defining 10 the fourth edge of the panel.
According to yet another aspect of the invention, there is provided a post for use in connecting the first edge of a first panel and the second edge of a second panel in a containment apparatus, the post comprising: a first end, a second end, and a perimeter fully 15 extending between the first end and the second end wherein means for receiving the first panel is disposed on the perimeter and adapted to releasably retain the first edge of the first panel, and means for receiving the second panel is disposed on the perimeter and adapted to releasably retain the second edge of the second panel. The means for receiving the first panel might be a channel cleaving the perimeter of the post. The cross-section of the channel might 20 be bulbous, T-shaped or substantially triangular and the channel might extend longit~l~inally between the first end and the second end of the post. Alternatively, the means for receiving the first panel might be a compression fitting or a fusion joint disposed on the perimeter of the 214891~0 post. In one embodiment, the post has a longitudinal axial bore extending between the first end and the second end. In another embodiment, the post has a third panel receiving means is disposed on the perimeter.
5 According to still another aspect of the invention, there is provided a member for buttressing a containment apparatus having a post as described above, comprising: a first end adapted to be received and releasably retained in the third panel receiving means, and a second end adapted to oppose a substantially immovable surface.
10 According to yet another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of connecting panels to form a containment apparatus, comprising: erecting a first panel having a first edge, a second edge opposing the first edge, a third edge adjacent to the first edge, a fourth edge opposing the third edge, a first surface bounded by the first, second, third and fourth edges, and a second surface opposing the first surface, erecting a second panel having a first edge, a 15 second edge opposing the first edge, a third edge adjacent to the first edge, a fourth edge opposing the third edge, a first surface bounded by the first, second, third and fourth edges, and a second surface opposing the first surface, erecting a post having a first end, a second end and a perimeter fully extending between the first end and the second end wherein means for receiving the first panel is disposed on the perimeter and adapted to releasably retain the first 20 edge of the first panel, and means for receiving the second panel is disposed on the perimeter and adapted to releasably retain the second edge of the second panel, connecting the first edge 21~8~0~
of the first-panel to the means for receiving the first panel, and connecting the second edge of the second panel to the means for receiving the second panel.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of increment~lly 5 investing a containment apparatus having a panel having a first edge, a second edge opposing the first edge, a third edge adjacent to the first edge, a fourth edge opposing the third edge, a first surface bounded by the first, second, third and fourth edges, and a second surface opposing the first surface, ~ivherein the panel is composed of first and second independent abutting sub-panels, the first sub-panel completely defining the third edge of the panel and the 10 second sub-panel completely defining the fourth edge of the panel, the method comprising:
ensuring that the second sub-panel is not connected in place in the containment apparatus, investing the cont~inment apparatus to a level insufficient to overrun the first sub-panel, inserting the second sub-panel, and investing the cont~inment apparatus to a level insufficient to overrun the second sub-panel.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of bracing a containment apparatus having a post, the post being characterized by a bore, the method comprising: inserting a section of loop termin~tecl reinforcing rod into the bore of the post, threading an elongated rigid member through the loop in the reinforcing rod, and adjusting 20 the reinforcing rod to retain the rigid member against the containment apparatus.
According to still another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of buttressing a containment apparatus having a post, the post having a bore, the method comprising:
inserting the first end of a bent reinforcing rod into the bore of the post, inserting the second end of the bent reinforcing rod into the bore of the post, abutting the first end of an elongated 5 rigid member against the containment apparatus, abutting the second end of the member against a substantially immovable surface, and securing a middle portion of the member to a middle portion of the bent reinforcing rod.
According to a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of buttressing a 10 containment apparatus having a post, the post having means for receiving a panel, the method comprising: abutting the first end of an elongated rigid member against the post, the first end of the member being adapted to be received and releasably retained in means for receiving a panel, and abutting the second end of the member against a substantially immovable surface.
15 These and other features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with reference to the following description, appended claims, and accompanying drawings, where:
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a formwork embodying one aspect of the invention.
Figure 2 is a plan view of the formwork of Figure 1, ~et~iling the interconnection of the components.
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21~890~
Figure 3A is a plan view of one embodiment of the panel component of the formwork of Figure 1.
Figure 3B is a plan view of an alternative embodiment of the panel component of the formwork of Figure 1.
5 Figure 4A is an elevation view of the panel component of Figure 3A.
Figure 4B is an elevation view of the panel component of Figure 3B.
Figure 5 is a perspective view of the panel component of Figure 3B.
Figure 6A is a plan view of one embodiment of the spacer component of the formwork of Figure 1.
10 Figure 6B is a plan view of an alternative embodiment of the spacer component of the formwork of Figure 1.
Figure 7A is an elevation view of the spacer component of Figure 6A.
Figure 7B is an elevation view of the spacer component of Figure 6B.
Figure 8 is a plan view of one embodiment of the post component of the formwork of Figure 1.
Figure 9 is an elevation view of the post component of Figure 8.
Figure lOA is a plan view of one embodiment of the post component of the formwork of Figure 1.
Figure lOB is a plan view of an alternative embodiment of the post component of the formwork of Figure 1.
Figure 10C is a plan view of an alternative embodiment of the post component of the formwork of Figure 1.
Figure lOD is a plan view of an alternative embodiment of the post component of the formwork of Figure 1.
Figure lOE is a plan view of an alternative embodiment of the post component of the formwork of Figure 1.
5 Figures llA - llC are a series of perspective views illustrating the assembly of a formwork embodying the invention.
Figure 12 is a plan view of a formwork embodying the invention, illustrating a simple formwork configuration.
Figure 13 is a plan view of a formwork embodying the invention, illustrating a more complex formwork configuration than that illustrated in Figure 12.
Figure 14 is a plan view of a formwork embodying the invention, illustrating a formwork following a curved path.
Figure 15 is an elevation view of a formwork embodying the invention, illustrating a formwork for an arch and a pitched roof-line.
Figure 16 Is a plan view of a cell configuration for a formwork embodying the lnventlon.
Figure 17 is a perspective view of a partial formwork embodying the invention, illustrating an insertion path for reinforcing rod. 0 Figures 18A-18C are a series of perspective views of a formwork embodying the invention, illustrating the incremental investment of casting material.
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21489~0 Figures 19A-19E are a series of perspective views of a formwork embodying the invention, illustrating a multi-storey investment of casting material.
Figure 20 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a system for bracing and buttressing a formwork embodying the invention.
With reference now to Figures 1 and 2, a formwork embodying the invention is generally illustrated at 20. The formwork 20 is a network of cells, each being generally illustrated at 22.
Each cell 22 is a tubular shell assembled from an assortment of continuous panels 40 and perforated spacers 60 which are connected together by a plurality of channelled posts 80. The 10 panels 40, spacers 60, and posts 80 are preferably made from extruded polyvinylchloride because it is substantially weather-tight, has relatively high impact resistance, does not requiring finishing and is colourable. Other materials displaying some of the above properties could also be appropriate. Other materials might include metals such as extruded aluminium, other plastics, rubbers or composites, and even wood or wood fibre building products.
With reference now to Figures 3A and 4A, a panel, generally illustrated at 40a, is shown in greater detail, having first and second ends 42a, 44a, first and second edges 46a, 48a and first and second faces 50a, 52a. The first and second faces 50a, 52a are substantially parallel and define the thickness of the panel 40a between them. A preferred thickness of approximately 1 20 mm strikes a balance between the strength required to withstand the pressures resulting from the investment of concrete and the amount of PVC required to manufacture the formwork.
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The thickness of the panel 40b swells locally along the first and second edges 46a, 48a, which may be either bulbous or angular.
With reference now to Figures 3B, 4B, and 5, an alternative embodiment of a panel is 5 illustrated at 40b. The panel 40b has first and second ends 42b, 44b, first and second edges 46b, 48b and first and second faces 50b, 52b. The first and second faces 50b, 52b are substantially parallel and define the thickness of the panel 40b between them. A preferred thickness of approximately 1 mm strikes a balance between the strength required to withstand the pressures resulting from the investment of concrete and the amount of PVC required to 10 manufacture the formwork. The thickness of the panel 40b swells locally along the first and second edges 46b, 48b, which may be either bulbous or angular. Extending either perpendicularly or obliquely from the first face 50b intermediate the first and second edges 46b, 48b is a T-shaped female connector 54b defining a channel 56b corresponding in size and shape to the male first and second edges 66, 68 of a spacer 60 (to be further described 15 hereinbelow) so as to be able to receive and hold snugly one such spacer 60 by one of its edges 66, 68.
With reference now to Figures 6A, 6B, 7A, and 7B, a spacer 60 is shown in greater detail, having first and second ends 62, 64, first and second edges 66, 68 and first and second faces 70, 20 72. The first and second faces 70, 72 are substantially parallel and define the thickness of the spacer 60 between them. A preferred thickness of approximalely 1 mm strikes a balance between the strength required to withstand the pressures resulting from the investment of 1~' 21~8900 concrete and the amount of PVC required to manufacture the formwork. The thickness of the spacer 60 swells locally along the first and second edges 66, 68, which may be either bulbous or angular. The thickness and shape of the swollen edges 66, 68 correspond to the edges 46, 48 of the panels 40. The spacer 60 is further characterized by a plurality of apertures 5 74a, 74b passing completely through the spacer 60, extending between the first face 70 and the second face 72. The apertures 74 are sized both to easily accept a reinforcing rod 1000 (not part of the invention) and to permit concrete to flow therethrough. If a reinforcing rod 1000 is placed in corresponding notches 76 in the apertures 74b of adjacent spacers 60, the resulting formwork 20 will have improved rigidity and linearity.
With reference now to Figures 8 and 9, a post 80 is shown in greater detail, having first and second ends 82, 84 and a plurality of sides continuous 86' and cleft sides 86". Each post 80 defines a plurality of radial channels 88, each channel 88 running longituc~in ~lly along the post 80. Each channel 88 is characterized by a cavity 90 which constricts to a narrow slot 92 that 15 radiates outward to cleave an adjacent side 86" of the post 80. The size and shape of the cavity 90 correspond to the edges 46, 48 of the panels 40 and the edges 66, 68 of the spacers 60 so as to be able to receive and snugly hold a panel 40 or a spacer 60 therein.
With reference now to Figures 10A, lOB, lOC, lOD, and 10E, five further embodiments of the 20 posts 80 will now be described.
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2l~89oo With reference now to Figure lOA, a cylindrical post is generally illustrated at 80a, having first and second ends 82a, 84a (not shown) and a circumferential edge 86a. Each post 80a defines a plurality of radial channels 88a, each channel 88a running longit~1rlinally along the post 80a.
Each channel 88a is characterized by a cavity 90a which constricts to a narrow slot 92a that 5 radiates outward, cleaving the circumferential edge 86a of the post 80a.
With reference now to Figure lOB, a rectangular cross-section post is generally illustrated at 80b, having first and second ends 82b, 84b (not shown) and a plurality of sides 86b. Each post 80b defines a plurality of radial chann~l~ 88b, each channel 88b running longitudinally along 10 the post 80b. Each channel 88b is characterized by a triangular cross-section cavity 90b which constricts to a narrow slot 92b that radiates outward to cleave an adjacent side 86b of the post 80b.
With reference now to Figure lOC, a rectangular cross-section post is generally illustrated at 15 80c, having first and second ends 82c, 84c (not shown) and a plurality of sides 86c. Each post 80c defines a plurality of radial channels 88c, each channel 88c, running longitudinally along the post 80c. Each channel 88c is characterized by a T-shaped cross-section cavity 90c which constricts to a narrow slot 92c that radiates outward to cleave an adjacent side 86c of the post ~Oc.
With reference now to Figure lOD, a rectangular cross-section post is generally illustrated at 80d, having first and second ends 82d, 84d (not shown) and a plurality of sides 86d. Each post l'l 80d defines a plurality of radial channels 88d, each channel 88d, running longit~l~linally along the post 80d. Each channel 88d is characterized by a T-shaped cross-section cavity 90d which constricts to a narrow slot 92d that radiates outward to cleave an adjacent side 86d of the post 80d. The post 80d is characterized by a longitudinal axial aperture 96d extending between the 5 first and second ends 82d, 84d. The post 80d is further characterized by four longitudinal troughs 98d extending between the first and second ends 82d, 84d at the intersection of adjacent sides 86d.
With reference now to Figure lOE, an octagonal post is generally illustrated at 80e, having first 10 and second ends 82e, 84e (not shown) and a plurality of continuous sides 86e', cleft sides 86e", and divided sides 86e"'. Each post 80e defines a plurality of radial channels 88e, each channel 88e running longit~l~inally along the post 80e. Each channel 88e is characterized by a cavity 90e which constricts to a narrow slot 92e that radiates outward to cleave an adjacent side 86e"
of the post 80e. A panel 40e having first and second ends 42e, 44e, (not shown) first and 15 second edges 46e, 48e and first and second faces 50e, 52e joins two such octagonal posts 80e, cach edge 46e, 48e being fused to a divided side 86e"' of a post 80e.
With reference now to Figures llA through llC, the process of assembling a section 100 of formwork 120 will now be described. With reference specifically to Figure llA, the user first 20 threads the edges 146, 148 of a set of outside panels 140 through the channels 188 of a set of outside posts 180. The user follows this process to build sections of the outside perimeter of the formwork 120. With reference specifically to Figure 1 lB, the user then threads the first edge 166 of spacers 160 through the unoccupied channels 188 of the set of outside posts 180 either perpendicular or oblique to the plane of the panels 140. A set of inside posts 180' is then attached to the free second end 168 of the spacers 160 by threading the second end 168 into a free channel 188 of each of the inside posts 180'. With reference specifically to Figure 5 llC, a section 100 of the formwork 120 is completed by threading an inside set of panels 140' through the free channels 188 in the inside set of posts 180' so as to oppose the outside set of panels 140. When casting a foundation, the formwork 120 may be set upon a finished casted base or footing, or directly onto gravel or some other solid structure.
10 With reference now to Figures 12 through 16, various arrangements of formworks 20 and cells 22 will be considered. Figure 12 shows a plurality of panels 240, spacers 260 and posts 280 which have been arranged into a portion of formwork 220, generally illustrated at 200. A
perimeter of panels 240 are connected together by posts 280 so as to enclose a volume into which concrete may be cast. A plurality of spacers 260 are inserted transversely to join 15 unconnected adjacent posts 280 so as to increase the strength of the formwork portion 200 to resist the outward pressure of the concrete to be contained. The apertures 274 in the spacers 260 are sized and shaped to permit reinforcing bars 1000 to be inserted therethrough and to permit concrete cast within the formwork portion 200 to distribute throughout and reach an equilibrium level so that the result becomes a continuous construction coated with the 20 formwork 220 material. Reinforcing rods 1000 may be inserted either vertically within a cell 222, or hori~ontally or diagonally through appropriated apertures 274 in the spacers 260.
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21~8900 With reference now to Figure 13, another portion of formwork 320 is generally illustrated at 300. The formwork portion 300 illustrates the use of an intermediate row of posts 380"
between the outside posts 380 and the inside posts 380' to both widen that section of the formwork portion 300 and to connect spacers 360.
With reference now to Figure 14, a curved portion of formwork 420 is generally illustrated at 400. A section of the formwork portion 400 is made to follow a curved path through the intentional use of various panels 440 having differing widths. However, by using only spacers 460 having a uniform width, the thickness of the formwork 420 remains substantially constant 10 even around curves.
With reference now to Figure 15, an archway portion of formwork 520 is generally illustrated at 500. Figure 15 illustrates that the panels 540, spacers 560 (not shown) and posts 580 can be cut to length to fit around an archway form 1050 (not part of the invention) or to produce an 15 inclined roof-line 530. The panels 540, spacers 560, and posts 580 can be easily cut using ordinary tools such as knives, snips or saws. It should be understood that the archway form 1050 (not part of the invention) is supported in place by a support framework which is specifically designed and fabricated for that purpose and is not part of the invention.
20 The light weight and small size of the formwork 520 components permits joining of like components vertically. When such a join is to be made, it is advantageous that adjacent or near joins be staggered a reasonable amount so that no adjacent joins line up horizontally.
/~
2l~89o~
With reference now to Figure 16, two cells 622a, 622b are shown in a portion 600 of formwork 620. Figure 16 illustrates an arrangement of panels 640b, posts 680, and spacers 660 to minimi7e the use of posts 680, which are the more expensive elements. By alternating posts 5 680 with panels 640b having T-shaped female connector 654b, the number of posts 680 can be reduced by half without red~lring the number of transversely connected spacers 660. It has been found that a particularly advantageous separation distance between parallel panels and spacers is four inches. This separation provides for a suitable tension in the formwork 620 for withstanding the expansion forces of the concrete. This separation also f~rilit~tes an inter-post 10 680 spacing of 16 inches which corresponds to the standard 16 inch separation between drywall studs in more conventional wooden or metal frame construction. Drywall screws can be driven directly into the plastic posts 680, thereby avoiding the need to anchor the screws into the concrete. It will be observed that the posts 680, having only three instead of four channels, integrate smoothly with the adjacent panels 640b. This combination of the panels 15 640b and posts 680 yields either a flush surface on which to mount drywall or an attractive wall surface in its own right.
With reference to Figure 17, a section of a formwork 720 is illustrated generally at 700. The inside set of panels 740' (not shown) have been removed to permit access to the inside of the 20 formwork section 700. This capability is useful for such purposes as inserting reinforcing rods 1000 (not part of the invention) into the section of formwork 700. The user may either thread the rods 1000 sequentially through a series of apertures 774 or, if the inside set of posts 780' 2l~89oo (not shown) have been removed, may breach the side of the selected apertures 774 as shown in Figure 17, so as to be able to laterally install the rods 1000 into all apertures 774 simultaneously. It should be understood that the user may wish to remove the outside set of panels 740 and posts 780 instead of the inside set of panels 740' and posts 780.
With reference now to Figures 18A, 18B, and 18C, the process of incrementally casting concrete will be described. It is necessary to place concrete into forms with care to prevent separation of the lighter and heavier parts, and this concern precludes dropping the concrete into place from any great height. Incremental casting is advantageous where the height of the 10 drop of the concrete when poured into the formwork could result in aggregate separation or where the height of a continuous pour is so great that the weight of the invested concrete could cause a blowout or bursting of the formwork.
A section of formwork 820 is illustrated generally at 800. The formwork section 800 includes 15 a set of outside panels 840 connected together by a set of outside posts 880. A set of spacers 860 thread into the outside posts 880 obliquely or perpendicularly to the outside set of panels 840. An inside set of panels 840' and posts 880' closes the formwork section 800 for casting concrete therein. Each of the inside panels 840' is made up of a separate upper segment 840a' and lower segment 840b'.
With reference specifically to Figures 18A and 18B, the inside panel upper segment 840a' has been removed to facilitate access to the inside of the formwork section 800 while concrete is ~1 21~890~
cast into place no higher than the top of the inside panel lower segment 840b'. With reference to Figure 18C, the inside panel upper segment 840a' has been reinserted so that casting may continue up to that height.
5 With reference to Figures 19A through 19E, a process is described for incrementally investing a section 900 of a formwork 920 to pour a multi-storey structure without showing a break line on the exterior wall of the structure. The formwork section 900 includes a set of outside panels 940 connected together by a set of outside posts 980. A set of spacers 960 thread into the outside posts 980 obliquely or perpendicularly to the outside set of panels 940. A set of 10 inside panels 940' and inside posts 980' closes the formwork section 900 for casting concrete therein. Each of the inside panels 940' is made up of a separate upper segment 940a' and lower segment 940b'. Each of the inside posts 980' is made up of a separate upper segment 980a' and lower segment 980b'. Each set of spacers is made up of a separate upper segment 960a and lower segment 960b.
With reference specifically to Figures 19A and 19B, the upper segments of the inside panels 940a', spacers 960a and inside posts 980a' have been removed to facilitate access to the inside of the formwork section 900 while concrete is cast into place no higher than the top of the lower segment of the inside panels 940b', spacers 960b and inside posts 980b'. With reference to 20 Figure 19C, either a floor slab 910 (not part of the invention) is cast in place or else a pre-cast slab is placed such that it almost abuts each of the set of outside panels 940. With reference to 21~8900 Figures 19D and l9E, the upper segments of the inside panels 940a', spacers 960a and inside posts 980c' have been reinserted so that casting may continue to that height.
With reference now to Figure 20, there will be described a system for bracing and buttressing 5 a section of formwork 1120 that is generally illustrated at 1100. The formwork section 1100 is an arrangement of panels 1140 and spacers 1160 interconnected by posts 1180. A plurality of reinforcing rods 1000 are inserted through the tops 1182 of certain of the posts 1180 and into the post's axial central bore (not shown). The formwork section 1100 is horizontally braced against a plurality of subst~nti~lly straight elongated bracing members 1005, such as wooden 10 planks. The bracing members 1005 are held against the formwork section 1100 by the loops termin~ting the reinforcing rods 1000.
The formwork section 1100 must be buttressed as well as braced. With reference still to Figure 20, the first end of a rigid elongated buttressing member 1006, such as a plank, is 15 abutted against a bracing member 1005. The second end of the buttressing member 1006 is abutted against a substantially immovable surface, such as the ground or an adjoining structure. A notch 1007 in the first end of the b~ essing member 1006 is adapted to receive and engage the bracing member 1005. The buttressing member 1006 may be further secured to the bracing member 1005 by means of a fastener such as a nail 1008. The buttressing 20 member 1006 may also be secured directly to the formwork section 1100 by means of a bent reinforcing rod 1001. Each end of the bent reinforcing rod 1001 is retained in the central bore (not shown) of a post 1180 while a middle portion of the bent reinforcing rod 1001 is secured o~
~1489 to the buttressing member 1006 by means of a fastener such as a bent nail, a loop, an eye or a lashing. A series of such b~ ressing members 1006 would be erected on each side of the formwork section 1100. An alternative arrangement (not shown) for buttressing the formwork section 1100 would be to engage the first end of each buttressing member 1006 5 directly into a spare outside channel (not shown) of a post 1180.
Although specific embodiments of the present invention have been described and illustrated, the present invention is not limited to the features of these embodiments, but includes all variations and modifications within the scope of the claims.
It should be appreciated that a formwork 20 used to build a structure may conveniently anchor subsequent additions by receiving and supporting some of the new panels 40, spacers 60 and posts 80 used to erect the formwork 20 for the new additions.
15 It is contemplated that the panels and spacers could be fitted with male connectors instead of female connectors and that the posts could be fitted with corresponding female connectors instead of male connectors.
It is also contemplated that the formwork cells could be used to contain non-hardenable 20 materials, such as earth, to form retaining walls and the like.
~1 2l489oo Although the panels and spacers are preferably planar, it is contemplated that other configurations could also be suitable. Although rectangular cells were described, other closed shapes such as triangular cells would also fit within the spirit of the invention. If curvilinear, a pair of connected panels could enclose a volume so as to receive and retain material.
Although the panels and spacers have been connected to the posts through tongue and groove joints, many other suitable joints will occur to those skilled in the art, including varieties of dovetail joints, mortise and tenon joints, and compression fittings.
Claims (43)
1. A containment apparatus, comprising:
(a) a first panel having a first edge, a second edge opposing the first edge, a third edge adjacent to the first edge, a fourth edge opposing the third edge, a first surface bounded by the first, second, third and fourth edges, and a second surface opposing the first surface, (b) a second panel having a first edge, a second edge opposing the first edge, a third edge adjacent to the first edge, a fourth edge opposing the third edge, a first surface bounded by the first, second, third and fourth edges, and a second surface opposing the first surface, (c) means for connecting the first edge of the first panel to the second edge of the second panel, and (d) means for connecting the first edge of the second panel to the second edge of the first panel, thereby enclosing a volume.
(a) a first panel having a first edge, a second edge opposing the first edge, a third edge adjacent to the first edge, a fourth edge opposing the third edge, a first surface bounded by the first, second, third and fourth edges, and a second surface opposing the first surface, (b) a second panel having a first edge, a second edge opposing the first edge, a third edge adjacent to the first edge, a fourth edge opposing the third edge, a first surface bounded by the first, second, third and fourth edges, and a second surface opposing the first surface, (c) means for connecting the first edge of the first panel to the second edge of the second panel, and (d) means for connecting the first edge of the second panel to the second edge of the first panel, thereby enclosing a volume.
2. A containment apparatus as in Claim 1 wherein the means for connecting the first edge of the first panel to the second edge of the second panel is a post having a first end, a second end and a perimeter fully extending between the first end and the second end wherein means for receiving the first panel is disposed on the perimeter and adapted to releasably retain the first edge of the first panel, and means for receiving the second panel is disposed on the perimeter and adapted to releasably retain the second edge of the second panel.
3. A containment apparatus as in Claim 2 wherein the means for receiving the first panel is a channel cleaving the perimeter of the post.
4. A containment apparatus as in Claim 3 wherein the channel extends longitudinally between the first end and the second end of the post.
5. A containment apparatus as in Claim 2 wherein the means for receiving the first panel is a compression fitting disposed on the perimeter of the post.
6. A containment apparatus as in Claim 1 wherein the means for connecting the first edge of the first panel to the second edge of the second panel is a post having a first end, a second end and a perimeter extending between the first end and the second end wherein the first edge of the first panel is fused to the perimeter and means for receiving the second panel is disposed on the perimeter and adapted to releasably retain the second edge of the second panel.
7. A containment apparatus as in Claim 6 wherein the means for receiving the second panel is a channel cleaving the perimeter of the post.
8. A containment apparatus as in Claim 7 wherein the channel extends longitudinally between the first end and the second end of the post.
9. A containment apparatus as in Claim 6 wherein the means for receiving the second panel is a compression fitting disposed on the perimeter of the post.
10. A containment apparatus as in Claim 1 wherein the first panel defines an aperture extending between and passing through the first surface and the second surface.
11. A kit of parts for building a containment apparatus, comprising:
(a) a first panel having a first edge, a second edge opposing the first edge, a third edge adjacent to the first edge, a fourth edge opposing the third edge, a first surface bounded by the first, second, third and fourth edges, and a second surface opposing the first surface, (b) a second panel having a first edge, a second edge opposing the first edge, a third edge adjacent to the first edge, a fourth edge opposing the third edge, a first surface bounded by the first, second, third and fourth edges, and a second surface opposing the first surface, (c) means for connecting the first edge of the first panel to the second edge of the second panel, and d) means for connecting the first edge of the second panel to the second edge of the first panel, thereby enclosing a volume.
(a) a first panel having a first edge, a second edge opposing the first edge, a third edge adjacent to the first edge, a fourth edge opposing the third edge, a first surface bounded by the first, second, third and fourth edges, and a second surface opposing the first surface, (b) a second panel having a first edge, a second edge opposing the first edge, a third edge adjacent to the first edge, a fourth edge opposing the third edge, a first surface bounded by the first, second, third and fourth edges, and a second surface opposing the first surface, (c) means for connecting the first edge of the first panel to the second edge of the second panel, and d) means for connecting the first edge of the second panel to the second edge of the first panel, thereby enclosing a volume.
12. A kit as in Claim 11 wherein the means for connecting the first edge of the first panel to the second edge of the second panel is a post having a first end, a second end and a perimeter fully extending between the first end and the second end wherein means for receiving the first panel is disposed on the perimeter and adapted to releasably retain the first edge of the first panel, and means for receiving the second panel is disposed on the perimeter and adapted to releasably retain the second edge of the second panel.
13. A kit as in Claim 12 wherein the means for receiving the first panel is a channel cleaving the perimeter of the post.
14. A kit as in Claim 13 wherein the channel extends longitudinally between the first end and the second end of the post.
15. A kit as in Claim 12 wherein the means for receiving the first panel is a compression fitting disposed on the perimeter of the post.
16. A kit as in Claim 11 wherein the means for connecting the first edge of the first panel to the second edge of the second panel is a post having a first end, a second end and a perimeter extending between the first end and the second end wherein the first edge of the first panel is fused to the perimeter and means for receiving the second panel is disposed on the perimeter and adapted to releasably retain the second edge of the second panel.
17. A kit as in Claim 16 wherein the means for receiving the second panel is a channel cleaving the perimeter of the post.
18. A kit as in Claim 17 wherein the channel extends longitudinally between the first end and the second end of the post.
19. A kit as in Claim 16 wherein the means for receiving the second panel is a compression fitting disposed on the perimeter of the post.
20. A kit as in Claim 11 wherein the first panel defines an aperture extending between and passing through the first surface and the second surface.
21. A panel for constructing a containment apparatus, the containment apparatus having a post adapted to receive and releasably retain the panel, the panel comprising:
(a) a first edge, (b) a second edge opposing the first edge, (c) a third edge adjacent to the first edge, (d) a fourth edge opposing the third edge, (e) a first surface bounded by the first, second, third and fourth edges, and (f) a second surface opposing the first surface, wherein the first edge is adapted to be received and releasably retained by the post.
(a) a first edge, (b) a second edge opposing the first edge, (c) a third edge adjacent to the first edge, (d) a fourth edge opposing the third edge, (e) a first surface bounded by the first, second, third and fourth edges, and (f) a second surface opposing the first surface, wherein the first edge is adapted to be received and releasably retained by the post.
22. A panel as in Claim 21 wherein the first edge defines a ridge extending between the third edge and the fourth edge and being adapted to be received and releasably retained within the post.
23. A panel as in Claim 21 and further including an arm projecting from the first face intermediate the first edge and the second edge and defining a channel extending between the third edge and the fourth edge adapted to receive and releasably retain the edge of a panel.
24. A panel as in Claim 21 further characterized by an aperture fully extending between and passing through the first surface and the second surface.
25. A panel as in Claim 24 wherein the perimeter of the aperture is circular.
26. A panel as in Claim 24 wherein the perimeter of the aperture includes a notch adapted to receive and releasably retain a reinforcing rod.
27. A panel as in either Claim 21 or Claim 24 wherein the panel is composed of first and second independent abutting sub-panels, the first sub-panel completely defining the third edge of the panel and the second sub-panel completely defining the fourth edge of the panel.
28. A post for use in connecting the first edge of a first panel and the second edge of a second panel in a containment apparatus, the post comprising:
(a) a first end, (b) a second end, and (c) a perimeter fully extending between the first end and the second end wherein means for receiving the first panel is disposed on the perimeter and adapted to releasably retain the first edge of the first panel, and means for receiving the second panel is disposed on the perimeter and adapted to releasably retain the second edge of the second panel.
(a) a first end, (b) a second end, and (c) a perimeter fully extending between the first end and the second end wherein means for receiving the first panel is disposed on the perimeter and adapted to releasably retain the first edge of the first panel, and means for receiving the second panel is disposed on the perimeter and adapted to releasably retain the second edge of the second panel.
29. A post as in Claim 28 wherein the means for receiving the first panel is a channel cleaving the perimeter of the post.
30. A post as in Claim 29 wherein the channel has a bulbous cross-section.
31. A post as in Claim 29 wherein the channel has a T-shaped cross-section.
32. A post as in Claim 29 wherein the channel has a substantially triangular cross-section.
33. A post as in Claim 29 wherein the channel extends longitudinally between the first end and the second end of the post.
34. A post as in Claim 28 wherein the means for receiving the first panel is a compression fitting disposed on the perimeter of the post.
35. A post as in Claim 28 wherein the means for receiving the first panel is a fusion joint.
36. A post as in Claim 28 further defining a longitudinal axial bore extending between the first end and the second end.
37. A post as in Claim 28 wherein a third panel receiving means is disposed on the perimeter.
38. A member for buttressing a containment apparatus having a post as in Claim 37, comprising:
(a) a first end adapted to be received and releasably retained in the third panel receiving means, and (b) a second end adapted to oppose a substantially immovable surface.
(a) a first end adapted to be received and releasably retained in the third panel receiving means, and (b) a second end adapted to oppose a substantially immovable surface.
39. A method of connecting panels to form a containment apparatus, comprising:
(a) erecting a first panel having a first edge, a second edge opposing the first edge, a third edge adjacent to the first edge, a fourth edge opposing the third edge, a first surface bounded by the first, second, third and fourth edges, and a second surface opposing the first surface, (b) erecting a second panel having a first edge, a second edge opposing the first edge, a third edge adjacent to the first edge, a fourth edge opposing the third edge, a first surface bounded by the first, second, third and fourth edges, and a second surface opposing the first surface, (c) erecting a post having a first end, a second end and a perimeter fully extending between the first end and the second end wherein means for receiving the first panel is disposed on the perimeter and adapted to releasably retain the first edge of the first panel, and means for receiving the second panel is disposed on the perimeter and adapted to releasably retain the second edge of the second panel, (d) connecting the first edge of the first panel to the means for receiving the first panel, and (e) connecting the second edge of the second panel to the means for receiving the second panel.
(a) erecting a first panel having a first edge, a second edge opposing the first edge, a third edge adjacent to the first edge, a fourth edge opposing the third edge, a first surface bounded by the first, second, third and fourth edges, and a second surface opposing the first surface, (b) erecting a second panel having a first edge, a second edge opposing the first edge, a third edge adjacent to the first edge, a fourth edge opposing the third edge, a first surface bounded by the first, second, third and fourth edges, and a second surface opposing the first surface, (c) erecting a post having a first end, a second end and a perimeter fully extending between the first end and the second end wherein means for receiving the first panel is disposed on the perimeter and adapted to releasably retain the first edge of the first panel, and means for receiving the second panel is disposed on the perimeter and adapted to releasably retain the second edge of the second panel, (d) connecting the first edge of the first panel to the means for receiving the first panel, and (e) connecting the second edge of the second panel to the means for receiving the second panel.
40. A method of incrementally investing a containment apparatus having a panel having a first edge, a second edge opposing the first edge, a third edge adjacent to the first edge, a fourth edge opposing the third edge, a first surface bounded by the first, second, third and fourth edges, and a second surface opposing the first surface, wherein the panel is composed of first and second independent abutting sub-panels, the first sub-panel completely defining the third edge of the panel and the second sub-panel completely defining the fourth edge of the panel, the method comprising:
(a) ensuring that the second sub-panel is not connected in place in the containment apparatus, (b) investing the containment apparatus to a level insufficient to overrun the first sub-panel, (c) inserting the second sub-panel, and (d) investing the containment apparatus to a level insufficient to overrun the second sub-panel.
(a) ensuring that the second sub-panel is not connected in place in the containment apparatus, (b) investing the containment apparatus to a level insufficient to overrun the first sub-panel, (c) inserting the second sub-panel, and (d) investing the containment apparatus to a level insufficient to overrun the second sub-panel.
41. A method of bracing a containment apparatus having a post, the post being characterized by a bore, the method comprising:
(a) inserting a section of loop terminated reinforcing rod into the bore of the post, (b) threading an elongated rigid member through the loop in the reinforcing rod, and (c) adjusting the reinforcing rod to retain the rigid member against the containment apparatus.
(a) inserting a section of loop terminated reinforcing rod into the bore of the post, (b) threading an elongated rigid member through the loop in the reinforcing rod, and (c) adjusting the reinforcing rod to retain the rigid member against the containment apparatus.
42. A method of buttressing a containment apparatus having a post, the post having a bore, the method comprising:
(a) inserting the first end of a bent reinforcing rod into the bore of the post, (b) inserting the second end of the bent reinforcing rod into the bore of the post, (c) abutting the first end of an elongated rigid member against the containment apparatus, (d) abutting the second end of the member against a substantially immovable surface, and (e) securing a middle portion of the member to a middle portion of the bent reinforcing rod.
(a) inserting the first end of a bent reinforcing rod into the bore of the post, (b) inserting the second end of the bent reinforcing rod into the bore of the post, (c) abutting the first end of an elongated rigid member against the containment apparatus, (d) abutting the second end of the member against a substantially immovable surface, and (e) securing a middle portion of the member to a middle portion of the bent reinforcing rod.
43. A method of buttressing a containment apparatus having a post, the post having means for receiving a panel, the method comprising:
(a) abutting the first end of an elongated rigid member against the post, the first end of the member being adapted to be received and releasably retained in means for receiving a panel, and (b) abutting the second end of the member against a substantially immovable surface.
(a) abutting the first end of an elongated rigid member against the post, the first end of the member being adapted to be received and releasably retained in means for receiving a panel, and (b) abutting the second end of the member against a substantially immovable surface.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2148900 CA2148900A1 (en) | 1995-05-08 | 1995-05-08 | Panel and post pre-finished permanent formwork system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2148900 CA2148900A1 (en) | 1995-05-08 | 1995-05-08 | Panel and post pre-finished permanent formwork system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2148900A1 true CA2148900A1 (en) | 1996-11-09 |
Family
ID=4155803
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2148900 Abandoned CA2148900A1 (en) | 1995-05-08 | 1995-05-08 | Panel and post pre-finished permanent formwork system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2148900A1 (en) |
-
1995
- 1995-05-08 CA CA 2148900 patent/CA2148900A1/en not_active Abandoned
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