CA2136104A1 - Universal rotary power-generating machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention refers to a universal rotary power-generating machine that turns the pressure energy of fluids directly into mechanical or electric energy, depending on the demand, or changes the state parameters of the working fluid so that the operating principle, the construction form, and the efficiency may not undergo significant modifications when the working fluid (water, air, steam, gases, exhaust or exit gases, oil or combinations of such fluids) is changed. The technical problem solved by the invention is the development of a multifunctional URPM of simple and rugged construction, balanced, compact, reliable, with uniform running, having an improved efficiency as compared with existing power-generating machines, which reduces the speeding-up and braking times under 1.5 s (from 0 rpm to max rpm or from max rpm to 0 rpm) by the mere closing of the general supply valve for the working fluid, without a separate braking system being required.

Description

WO 9~/21895 PCT/R094/00001 Specification I, UNlVERSAL ROTARY POWER-GENERAnNG MACHINE

,.

10 ELD OF THE lNVE~TTQN

The present invention relates to a universal rotary power-generating rnachille (URPM~ which transforms the pressure ener~y of certain working fluids in~o mechanical 15 or electric energy, depending on the demand, or changes the state parameters of the working f~uid so that the operating principle. the construction fonn, and the efficiency n~ay not undergo significant modifications when the working ~3uid (water, air, steam, gases, exhaust or e~t gases, oil or combinations of such fluids) is changed, th~s machine 20 being able to run on any of the mentioned fluids.

BRIEF DESCRIP~ON OF THE PRIOR ART

The existing r~ y power-g~nera~Dg machines have a number of disadvantages, such as:
. Iow ~ffici~
3 0 . they do not ~un on a diversified ra~ge of working fluids (with different machines with dif~erent characteristics are required), . big size and weigbt, . high pnme cost, . complex co~struc~on, . big worldng~fluid consump~don, .Ihigh de~r~e of enviro~ment pollution, . special works and skilled perso~nel are required ~or repail~ and ma~ntena~ce, . non-unifolm running, ~-. e~nstance of dead centTes in operation, . strong noise and vibra~ons, . manu~actunng difficulhes with small-size machi~es, . Iong spe dillg-up and bralcing ~mes.

WO 94/218~5 ~ 1 3 61 0 ¦ PCT/R094tOOOOI

SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT ~NVENTION

The purpose of Ihe inven~ion is the development of a multifunclional URPM
having important advantages for ecology achieved by the highly-efficient utilization of primaly and other energies due to the ad~pted func~ional and constructiGn solution, at a low prime cost allowing its quick implementation in economy and industly.
The technical problem solved by the invention is the development of a 10 multifunctionaJ URPM of simple and rugged construction, balanced, cornpact, reliable, with a unifonn runnillg that reduces the speeding-up and braking times under 1.5 s tfrom O rpm ~o max rpm or from max rpm to 0 rpm), and whose efficiency is improved as compared with existing power-generating machines ~rst of all due to the highly-efficient 15 utilisation of primaTy and other energies.
The URPM according to the invention eliminates the disadvantages mentioned earlier owing to the fact that its constrllctions includes only a few active parts of which 20 only one is in motion~ this being the rotor which operates between two stator pla~es, an upper plate and a lower one, where the direct transformation of the pressure energy of the worki~g iluid into mechanical ener~y OCcUJS, which mechanical ener~y - in its turn -is further transmit~ed to the exterior through the upper part of the machine by means of a shaft fasteDed in the central recess of ~he rotor which has no bearing at either end, : or is transfonned into electric ener~y, this being possible by equipping the ro~or - in its ce~tral recess - with a magnetic circuit in ~he centre of which a sheath is fastened 30 housing the relevant winding ~the magnetic circuit7 a round magnet fil~nly attached to the ro~or, rotates together with the latter round the windings or the winding housed in the sheath). Each stator plate has all active sufface coming in ~ntact with the rotor and an inactiv~ one, through which the admission of the wolking fluid eo the rotor occurs.
35 In ~eir tum, the ac~ve surfaces of the stator plates are divided into positive zones (coming in contact wit~ the rotor~ and negative zones not coming in contact with the rotor. The stator plates are posihoned opposite each other (mirror image) by means of a distance ling and dis~ributing caps, which also clamp them on the distaDce ling which 40 is dimensioned so that an optima~ framing of the rotor by the stator plates is achieved (the st~tor plates, the rotor1 and the distarlce ri~g are provided w~th a glinding stoc}c for the cases where a readjustment of the assembly they form is desired). On the upper distnbuting cap a stuffing-box system is mounted allowing ~he electric cable or the shaft necessaly for transmitting the mechanical energy to the extenor to come out of ~he machine. If the rotor is not equipped for transmitting the mechanical energy to the extenor or generatillg electric energy~ Lhe machine can operate to change the state WO 94/2l8gs ;~ 131~10 4 PCT/R094/00001 parameters of the worlcing fluid. The machine can be fastened, for example. on a support b~ ~clding, on thc lo~cl- distributing c;~p. ~ flan~.c through thc holcs of ~hich th~ bol~
or any other fastening device suited to the purpose are fixed. On the route travelled by the working ~luid before entering the distributing caps pressure gauges and spherical valves are mounted allowing the input-parame~er control operations to be effected with the view of the self-suspension phenomeDon being obtained at the ro~or. As URPM runs at high rotational speeds, its friction losses are very small due to the w~y the suspension of the rotor9 which may be hydrodynamic, pneumatic or a colnbinati()n of ~he two, is achieved. The extra quantitative losses (leaks) are elimiDated by the hydrodynamic be~rings,which are lealcproof. The rotor h~s double blading and s~nmetrical admission on both faces, which allows the compensation of the axial travel (appearance of self-suspension) and the way the rotor and the stator plates come in contact ensures the radlal cumpenation (if the rotor is balanced during manufacturing, the compensation of 15 its axial travel is achieved pe:fectly). The symmetrical construction of URPM. the shape of ~tator plates, the rotor shape, the way the rotor and the stator plates come in contact, the admission of the worhng ~iuid to the rotor"he uniform loading of rotor blading, the angle at which the worl~ing fluid jet enters the rotor blading, the absence of axial bearings1 t~e absence of conventional radial bearings, the dynamic balancing of the rotor 2 during manufactunng, the value of the deviation angle of the working-f~uid jet determi~ed by its inlet and outlet from the rotor blading, the angles of the working-fluid jet at the outlet from the stator plates, the distance ring and the dis~ributing caps, the ratio of the positive surfaces of the rotor to the negative ones, the ratio of the positive surfaces of the rotor ~o the `positive contac~ suffaces of stator, plates, the matenals out of which the whole machine is made or associated matenals (metals, metal alloys, non-metals, glass, ceramics alloyed with Si or Ge, basalt, plastic materials, sintered powders, all of these with or without ma~netic properties etc.), as we31 as the absence of deac~
centres in ope~ation, ensure URPM a number of advantages, such as:
. absolute uniform running~ which can be controlled manually or automatically;

3 0 absence of secondary effects conductive to modifica~ion of the static and dynamic bala~ce of the machine;
. shonening of speeding-up or braking times u~der 1,5 s;
. relatively great practical possibili~y of execution a~ very small sizes;
. simple construction;
. small size arld weight;
. Iow plime cost;
. eliminabon or reduction of environment pollution, epending on the working ~uid used;
. small noise and ~ibratio~ls;
. small vvorking-fluid consumption;

Wo 94/21895 ~13 ~ 1 0 4 PCT/R094/00001 ~;
. elimination of a numbe~ of problems pertaining to running and maintenal.~e l-~oll;s due to thc f~ct th~t n0 spcci~liæd personncl is necd~cl to pcrform thes~
operations;
. running on a diversified range of workin~ fluids, without the operating principle, construction forrn or efficiency undergoing significant modifications URPM allows the solution of a whole series of ecological and financial problems caused by the high ener~y demand of both big and sma~l companies. dwellings.
household, tourism etc. as i~. mounting and dismounting do not require special facilities. Braking is effected quickly and simply by closing ~he supply with working fluid totally or partialy. ln the case of totai closing. braking is done in m~ s. irrespective of the rotational speed and mass of the rotor, since it depends on ~he speed at which the total closing of the working fluid supply is performed ~with automatic closing, braking is ~erformed very quickly because the cIosing speed is high). The working ~uid is allowed to pass through the machine only if the rotor is in motion. If, on purpose or accidentally, a load bigger than the power resulting from the action of the working ~uid on the rotor is applied to the latter, it stops aDd the circuit of the working fluid is interrupted due to the absence of rotor motion, which makes it impossible for the rotor to carry the working f~uid from the space of the positive zone of s~tor plates to the space of the negative zo~e of st~tor plates with the view of its evacuation to the exterior through the distance ring and ~he distributing caps. The tightness of the rotor in motion or at a standstill relative to the active surfaces of the stator plates is perfect and achieved continuously.
An example of realisabon of the invention is g~ven ~e10w, jD cor~junction with Fig.
1 to 10 represeDti~g:
BRIEF DI~SCRIPIION OF THE DRAWINGS
.
. Fig. 1 - Cross sec~ion of URPM for electric energy;
3 0 . Fig. 2 - Upper stator plate;
. Fig. 3 - Lower stator piate;
. Fig. 4 - Rotor, . Fig. 5 - ~istance ling;
. Fig. 6 - Upper distributing cap;
~5 . Fig. 7 - Lc~wer distributing cap;
. Fig. 8 - Cross section of URPM ~or mechanical energy;
. Fig. 9 - Cross section of URPM for changing the state parameters of the working fluid;
. Fig.l O - Schematic diag~am.

Wo 94/2l8ss ~ ~ 3 61 0 4 PCT/R094/OOOOl DErAlLED DESC~lPrION OFTHE U~ L ROTARY
PO~ CI~NL~}~ATl~C l\,lACIIINr The universal rotary power-generating machine (VRPM), according to the invention, is composed of: supply nipple 1. distributin,~ cap 2. stator plate 3~ rotor 4.
distance ring 5, cap 6, inner packing 7, outer packing 8, stuffing-box 9. magnetic circuit I0, winding 11. sheath I2, electric cable ]3, centring bolt 14, adjusting screw I5, shaft 16.
ln accordance with the invention, the working ~luid enters tangentially through the supply f nipple 1. the distntbllting cap 2 ensunng the supply with working fluid through the stator t plate 3 of rotor 4, the positioning of which is prvvided by the distance ring 5. cap 6 il prevents the working ~uid from entering the centra1 zone of rotor 4, forcing it to pass through s~ator plate 3 to come to work in the blading of ro~or 4, the stator plates 3 ensure a uniforrn loadi~g of both f~ces of rotor 4, which - togetber with an ~dequate control of t~e input parameters of the working fluid - makes it possible to compensate the axial travels (appearance of self-suspension) and to set rotor 4 in motion. Tbe rotational motion of rotor 4 allows the filling and emptying of the blading three times duling a full rotation. The filling of the blading occurs in the active zone of stator plates 3 and the emptying - in the negative zone of stator plates 3, and, as a result, rotor 4 has a big carlying capacity relative to its size. Rotor 4 transforms the pressure energy of the 2~ working fluid direc~ly into mechani~al energy, which can be transmitted to the extenor according to Fig. 8, or in electric ener~y in accordance with Fig. 1. If the change of sta~e parameters of the worl~ng fluid is intended, the machine will look as shown in Fig. 9.
Rotor 4 has the form shown in Fig. 4, with the blading symmetrically made on both : faces, on each ~ace there are eight cells shaped like sphere quarters, placed equidistantly and symmetrically on a division circle of radius R and forming between them an angle = 45, the space be~ween two conseeutive cells - measured on the division circle of radius R - is equal to ~he radius r of the sphere of which the sphere of which the cell fonns a part, between the length of the divisioD circle of radius R~ the cells~ and the spaces between them there e~sts the re3ation 2 II R = 16 r. Stator plates 3 are . represe~ted in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, according to which the active zone of stator plates 3 is divided into SLY sec~ions, of which three - which come iD contac~ with rotor 4 - cover an a~g3e ~ = 65 and are called positive su~faces, and the other three - which cover an angle ~B = 55 each - are called negative surfaces. The ~ransi~io~ from a positive sufface to a negative surface occurs at an aDgle ~ = 45. Stator p}ates 3 have three nozles each, placed at an a~gle y = 120, one on each positive sec~ion of stator plates 3 andpositioned on a division circle of radius R. The nozles are tangent to the division circle of radius R and folm an angle ~ = 45 with the positive surface OD which they are 3 8 located. The distance ring 5 is represented in Fig. 5, acc{)rding to which it has six sections 1' wl) ~4121895 f'' ¦ ~ ~3 ~ PCT/ROg4/00001 Of which three ensure the outflow of the working fluid and cover an angle ~ = 65 éa~n~
and thc other thrcc cnsurc thc optimal framing of thc rotor ~ between the t~40 stator plates 3 and the dismountable assembling of the m~chine by means of distributing caps 2; they cover ~n angle ~3 = 5~ each. The working ~uid which has worked in the blading of rotor 4 undergoes a deviation of 180 (at the impact a~ainst the bladin~ of ~rotor 4).
i~s parameters can also be controlled via the spherical valves and the manometers mounted at the machine inlet. On the surf'aces of rotor 4 there are not points which, during a full rota~iQns, are in permanent contact with stator plates 3. The ratio of ~he 10 positive surface on the faces of rotor 4 to its negative surface is 1. The ratio o'f the positive surfaces o~ rotor 4 and the positive surfaces of stator plates 3 with ~ hich the first come in contact is 1. The rotor faces bave a taper ~ = 6,5. and the positive surfaces of stator plates 3 - its conjugate ~ - 6.~). The negative surfaces of st~tor plates 3 also h~ve a taper ~ = 6,5~, so tha~ between the positive sur~ace and ~he negative surface of 15 stator plates 3 there is an angle ~ ~ = 13. For a good taking over of the working fluid which has worked jD the blading of rotor 4 and its routing to Lhe exterior. the angle ~
= 6,5 also exists on the distance ring 5 and the distnbuting caps 2. The inner packing 7 prevents the working ~uid from entering the central zone, and the oulher packing 8 ? 0 prevents the working ~uid from f~,lowing out to the exterior ~efore it has worked in the blading of rotor 4. A stuffïng -box system 9 ensures the ~ransmission to the exterior of the electric energy through tbe electr,ic cable 13 or of the mechanical energy by means of the sbaft 16 in accordance with Fig 8. In the central recess of rotor 4 a magnetic circuil I0 25 can be iixed, which - by rotating round the wiDding Il housed in sheath 12 - be~ns to produ&e electric ener~y. and the sheath 12 is fas~ened in a cel~tred manner relative to the 27 magDetic circuit I0, via tbe caps 6. the ~olt 14, and the adjustin~ ~re~

Claims

C l A I M S

1. Universal rotary power-generating machine (URPM), in accordance with the invention, characterized by the fact that it transforms the pressure energy of certain working fluids in mechanical or electric energy, depending on the demand, or changes the state parameters of the working fluid so that the operating principle, the construction form, and the efficiency may not undergo significand modifications when the working fluid (water, air, steam, gases, exhaust or exit gases, oil or combinations of such fluids) is changed, with the view of obtaining a highly-efficient utilisation of primary and other energies, at a low prime cost allowing its quick implementation in economy and industry, with great advantages for ecology, composed of: supply nipple 1, distributing cap 2, stator plate 3, rotor 4, distance ring 5, cap 6, inner packing 7, outer packing 8, stuffing-box 9, magnetic circuit 10, winding 11, sheath 12, electric cable 13. centering bolt 14, adjusting screw 15, and shaft 16. The working fluid enters tangentially through the supply nipple 1, the distributing cap 2 ensuring the supply with working fluid through the stator plate 3 of rotor 4, the positioning of which is provided by the distance ring 5, cap 6 prevents the working fluid from entering the central zone of rotor 4, forcing it to pass through stator plate 3 to come to work in the blading of rotor 4, the stator plates 3 ensure a uniform loading of both faces of rotor 4, which - together with an adequate control of the input parameters of the working fluid - makes it possible to compensate the axial travels (appearance of self suspension) and to set rotor 4 in motion. The rotational motion of rotor 4 allows the filling and emptying of the blading three times during a full rotation. The filling of the blading occurs in the active zone of stator plates 3, and the emptying - in the negative zone of stator plates 3, and as a result, rotor 4 has a big carrying capacity relative to its size. Rotor 4 transforms the pressure energy of the working fluid directly into mechanical energy, which can be transmitted to the exterior according to Fig. 8, or in electric energy in accordance with Fig. 1. If the change of state parameters of the working fluid is intended, the machine will look as shown in Fig. 9.
Rotor 4 has the form shown in Fig. 4, with the blading symmetrically made on both faces, on rach face there are eight cells shaped like sphere quarters, placed equidistantly and symmetrically on a division circle of radius R and forming between them an angle ? = 45?, the space between two consecutive cells - measured on the division circle of radius R - is equal to the radius r of the sphere of which the cell forms a part, between the length of the division circle of radius R, the cells and the spaces between them there exists the relation 2 ? R = 16 r. Stator plates 3 are represented in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, according to which the active zone of stator plates 3 is divided into six sections, of which three - which come in contact with rotor 4 - cover an angle .alpha. = 65° and are called positive surfaces, and the other three - which cover an angle .beta. =55° each - are called negative surfaces. The transition from a positive surface to a negative surface occurs at an angle .delta. = 45°. Stator plates 3 have three nozzles each, placed at an angle .gamma. = 120°, one on each positive section of stator plates 3 and positioned on a division circle of radius R. The nozzles are tangent to the division circle of radius R and form an angle ? = 45° with the positive surface on which they are located. The distance ring 5 is represented in Fig. 5, according to which it has six sections of which three ensure the outflow of the working fluid and cover an angle .alpha. = 65° each, and the other three ensure the optimal framing of the rotor 4 between the two stator plates 3 and the dismountable assemnling of the machine by means of distributing caps 2; they cover an angle .beta. = 55°
each. At the impact against the blading of rotor 4 the working fluid undergoes adeviation of 180°; its parameters can also be controlled via the spherical valves and the manometers mounted at the machine inlet. On the surface of rotor 4 there are no points which, in operation, are in permanent contact with stator plates 3. The ratio of the positive surface on the faces of rotor 4 to its negative surfaces is 1. The ratio of the positive surfaces of rotor 4 to the positive surfaces of stator plates 3 with which the first come in contact is 1. The rotor faces have a taper ? = 6.5, and the positive surfaces of stator plates 3 - its conjugate (? = 6.5°). The negative surfaces of stator plates 3 also have a taper ? = 6.5°, so,that between the positive surface and the negative surface of stator plates 3 there is an angle 2 ? = 13°. For a good taking over of the working fluid which has worked in the blading of rotor 4 and its routing to the exterior, the angle ? =
6.5° also exists on the distance ring 5 and the distributing caps 2. The inner packing 7 prevents the working fluid from entering the central zone, and the outer packing 8 prevents the working fluid from folowing out to the exterior before it has worked in the blading of rotor 4. A stuffingbox system 9 ensures the transmission to the exterior of the electric energy through the electric cable 13 or of the mechanical energy by means of the shaft 16 in accordance with Fig. 8. In the central recess of rotor 4 a magnetic circuit 10 can be fixed, which - by rotating round the winding 11 housed in sheath 12 - begins to produce electric energy, and the sheath 12 is fastened in a centred manner relative to the magnetic circuit 10, via the caps 6, the bolt 14, and the adjusting screw 15.