CA2124270A1 - Method and machine tool for finishing toothings - Google Patents
Method and machine tool for finishing toothingsInfo
- Publication number
- CA2124270A1 CA2124270A1 CA002124270A CA2124270A CA2124270A1 CA 2124270 A1 CA2124270 A1 CA 2124270A1 CA 002124270 A CA002124270 A CA 002124270A CA 2124270 A CA2124270 A CA 2124270A CA 2124270 A1 CA2124270 A1 CA 2124270A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- toothed wheel
- rotational
- working tool
- rotation
- axis
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
- B23F19/00—Finishing gear teeth by other tools than those used for manufacturing gear teeth
- B23F19/05—Honing gear teeth
- B23F19/057—Honing gear teeth by making use of a tool in the shape of an internal gear
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
- B23F19/00—Finishing gear teeth by other tools than those used for manufacturing gear teeth
- B23F19/05—Honing gear teeth
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
- B23F23/00—Accessories or equipment combined with or arranged in, or specially designed to form part of, gear-cutting machines
- B23F23/006—Equipment for synchronising movement of cutting tool and workpiece, the cutting tool and workpiece not being mechanically coupled
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
- B23F23/00—Accessories or equipment combined with or arranged in, or specially designed to form part of, gear-cutting machines
- B23F23/12—Other devices, e.g. tool holders; Checking devices for controlling workpieces in machines for manufacturing gear teeth
- B23F23/1218—Checking devices for controlling workpieces in machines for manufacturing gear teeth
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/41—Servomotor, servo controller till figures
- G05B2219/41055—Kind of compensation such as pitch error compensation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/45—Nc applications
- G05B2219/45214—Gear cutting
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/50—Machine tool, machine tool null till machine tool work handling
- G05B2219/50071—Store actual surface in memory before machining, compare with reference surface
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/50—Machine tool, machine tool null till machine tool work handling
- G05B2219/50216—Synchronize speed and position of several axis, spindles
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/50—Machine tool, machine tool null till machine tool work handling
- G05B2219/50227—Synchronize two axis by correcting for measured pitch errors
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
- Gear Processing (AREA)
- Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)
- Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
- Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
- Grinding-Machine Dressing And Accessory Apparatuses (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure A method of finishing teeth including tooth flanks of a toothed wheel with a machine tool includes the steps of engaging the toothed wheel with an abrasive working tool of the machine tool and rotating for at least one revolution the toothed wheel about an axis of rotation of the toothed wheel whereby the abrasive working tool is entrained with the toothed wheel load-free but in contact with the toothed flanks of the toothed wheel. During this one revolution, rotational deviations from an ideal rotational meshing between the toothed wheel and the abrasive working tool resulting from tooth inaccuracies are measured and saved. The toothed wheel is then finished with the abrasive working tool whereby the rotational movements about the axis of rotation of the toothed wheel and the rotational movement about the axis of rotation of the abrasive working tool are electronically coupled and the rotational deviations are added with reversed sign at each angular position for providing the nominal position value for the movement about the axis of rotation to be controlled. In an alternative embodiment it is also possible to drive the working tool and entrain without load the toothed wheel.
Description
212427~
METHOD AND MACHINE TOOL FOR FINISHING TOOTHINGS ~ -~
Background of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and a machine tool for fine-machining of toothings on : .
a machine tool whereby the toothed wheel or gear wheel to be machined is rotated about its axis of rotation and is engaged by the abraslve worklng tool that is rotated about its axis of rotation such that it comes into contact with the tooth flanks of the toothed wheel to be machined and whereby the rotational movement of the axis of rot~tion of the toothed wheel and the rotational movement of the axls of rotatlon of the abraslve working tool are electronically coupled. The material removal is carried out in general such that the axis of rotation of the workpiece on the one hand and of the abrasive working tool on the other hand extend relative to one another at a so-called axis cross angle. In some cases it also possible to provide a parallel arrangement of the axes of the tool and the workplece for the deslred material removal which then takeY place by the ~o-called high gliding durlng rolllng of the tooth flanges of the workpiece and the tool on one another.
212~
For the machining of toothed wheels after hardenlng different manufacturing processes are being u~ed at present. Generally, hobbed and hardened t~othed wheels are provlded with the final exact prof~le contour in a grinding operation. Sometimes, after completion of the yrinding operation, a tooth honing process ls performed in order to minlmize inaccuracies of the teeth remaining after grinding. The advantage of a honing process is that this process requlres only little time and is especially suitable for mass production.
In a tooth honing step the toothed wheel to be machined rotates about its axis of rotation.
It meshes with the honing tool which, in the case of an outer toothing to be machined, is in the form of an inner toothed ring. The honing tool also rotates about its axis of rotation. The inner toothing of the honing tool can be derived geometrically from the desired toothing geometry of the workpiece. In order to achieve material removal from a toothed wheel that is hard to machine, the honing tool is provided with abraslve particles. The machining is carried out such that, for example, the workpiece is drlvsn and the ~-~ 212427Q
tool follows with a certain amount of drag. By changing the direction of rotation (pu~h and pull), the two tooth flanks are machined.
The goal of the honing process i8 to minimize the tooth inaccuracies remaining after the grinding process. These tooth inaccuracies include deviations of the rotational trueness and of the profile (involute including the desired corrections) as w~ll as the line of the flanks.
Of special importance for a noise-reduced operation of the toothed wheel are single pitch errors and accumulated pitch errors.
High requirements with regard to the quality of the toothed wheels to be machined have led to the need for more efficient working tools for hardened toothed wheels. Regarding tooth honlng methods, solutions have been suggested in which the two rotational shafts of the workpiece and the working tool are no longer independently driven and are only connected by the drag of the part that is not being driven and in which the two rotational shafts are coupled with a defined coupling means. The latter is preferably done with the assistance of NC technology in an electronic manner ("electronic shaft").
- 2~L2~270 The goal of this measure was to average the tooth inaccuracies with the honing process, i.e., to minimize such tooth inaccuracies during rolling of the honlng tool on the workpiece, but also to eliminate such lnaccuracies by forcibly coupling the rotational shafts axi~.
Extensive tests have shown that with known honing tools and methods it is indeed possible to reduce the tooth inaccuracies substantially, especially devlations of the rotational trueness, of the contour of the flanks, and of the single pitch errors of the toothing.
However, it has been shown that especially the accumulated pltch error of the toothlng, even when electronlc shafts are being used for the honing process, the inaccuracies are still very great and, in general, are outside of the allowable tolerance range.
Obvlously, the conventional controls lelectronic shafts), are not able, due to the high rotational velocity of the workpiece and the honing tool, to timely detect rotational errors, i.e., deviations from the ideal rotation which are usually within the micrometer range, and to induce the requlred counter movement so that a ~-` 2~24270 corresponding correction of the abrasion process can occur.
It is therefore an obJect of the present invention to provide a method for finishing toothings that is able to reduce substantlally the critiaal accumulated pitch error and to provide for a toothlng of a high quality. The inventive goal, however, should be reached under the followlng condltion: the hard machining should be performed in the shortest possible amount of time and therefore a honing process ls considered for the present invention.
Brief Description of the Drawings This ob~ect, and other obJects and advantages of the pre~ent invention, will appear more clearly from the following speciflcatlon in conJunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 shows a workpiece and a working tool in engagement during the machining process; and Fig. 2 shows the course of the accumulated pitch error F
over the rotational angle of the toothed wheel.
212q~7~
Summary of the Invention Accord~ng to a first method of finishing teeth including tooth flanks of a toothed wheel with a machine tool according to the present invention is primarily characterized by the following steps:
a) Engaging the toothed wheel with an abraslve working tool of the machlne -tool~
b) Rotating for at least one revolution the toothed wheel about an axi8 of rotation :~.
of the toothed wheel; ~ .
c) Entrainlng the abrasive working tool with the toothed wheel load-free but in contact with the toothed flanks of the .
toothed wheel, :~
d) During the at least one revolution, measuring rotational devlatlons from an :~
ideal rotational meshing between the :
toothed wheel and the abrasive working tool resulting from tooth inaccuracie~
e) Saving the rotational deviations, f) Finishlng the toothed wheel with the abrasive working tool, wherein the step of finishing includes the following 212~2~
steps:
fl) Electronically coupling the rotat$onal movement about the axis of rotation 2 of the toothed wheel and the rotational movement about the axls of rotation of the abrasive working tool; and f2) Adding the rotational deviations with reversed sign at each angular position for providing the nominal position value of an angular position for the rotational movement about the axis of rotation to be controlled.
In a 8econd, alternative method of the present invention, the working tool is actively driven while the toothed wheel to be machined ls entrained by the workiny tool.
Preferably, the first and second methods further comprise the step of repeating steps a) to e) after completion of step b) for measuring present rotational deviations.
Advantageously, the first and second methods further comprise the step of continuing finishing of the toothed wheel pursuant to step fl) when the present rotational deviations are below a predetermined maxlmum.
212~27Q
In another embodiment of the present lnventlon, the flrst and second methods further comprise the step of continuing finishing of the toothed wheel according to step f) wherein in step f2) the present rotational deviations are added when the present rotational deviations surpass a predetermined maximum.
Advantageously, the step of repeating steps a) to e) and the step of continuing finishing of the toothed wheel are repeated until the present rotational deviatlons are below the predetermined maxlmum.
Advantageously, in the step b2) the rotational deviations are added only when the rotatlonal deviations surpass a predetermined value.
In another embodlment of the present invention, the first and second method further comprise the steps of measuring tooth inaccuracies of the abrasive working tool on a measuring device and in step f2) correctlng the nominal posltion value wlth the measured tooth lnaccuracies.
Preferably, the first and second methods further comprise the step of adJusting in step fl) the rotational movement about the axls of rotatlon -- 21~270 of the toothed wheel and the rotatlonal movement about the axis of rotation of the abrasive working tool relative to one another according to the measured tooth inaccuracies.
The present invention further relates to a machine tool for performlng the two methods of the present invention.
The measured rotational deviations of the workpiece from the ideal rotatlon (this could be called also a teach-in for the present inaccuracies of the toothing) are used in the finishing steps such that the measured rotational deviations have their sign reversed and are used to compensate the rotational movement so that exactly at the location~ at which the most material must be removed, the required hlgh materlal abrasion takes place. The technlcal control means of choice i9 a so-called electronic curve disk which is known as an electronic shaft coupliny system from printing, paper manufacturing, and textile machlnes~
With the inventive feature it is thu,~ ensured that even for the available control system~ a conslderable reduction of toothlng inaccuracies, in particular of accumulated pitch errors, can be _ g _ 212Q27Q ~
' ;' performed because the control knows in time when a deviation related to a tooth inaccuracy is coming up so that the control can counter this effect. The result after the honing process is a fla~less toothed wheel that with its error margins lies within the allowable tolerances.
When the most critical inaccuracies, viewed over the circumference of the toothed wheel, have been removed, it may be expedlent to continue the honing process with uncorrected angular positions, i.e., with an exact unmodified coupling.
Otherwise, there would be the risk that the correction now produces cups at those locations that have previously been preferably sub~ected to material removal. According to a further feature of the invention it is thus suggested that after ~ompletion of the finishing step a further measuring of the workplece takes place.
When it ls determined that the greatest inaccuracies have been removed, the honing proceYs is continued with uncorrected angular positions.
Otherwise, it is possible to further use correction values whereby preferably in this ~tep the newly measured present (current) values are being used.
~ ~ . . , -~- :
`~ 212~27Q
The sequence of finishing, measuring, finishing advantageously can be continued with corrected angular positions until the measured rotational deviations are below a predetermlned value. Then it is possible to continue machining with uncorrected angular position (ideal rotational coupliny). It is not necessarily required that the measured rotational deviatlons according to the steps a) to e~ of the inventive method must be considered over the complete circumference of the toothing when, for example, only at one or a few locations a high material removal is requlred as ls typical for accumulated pitch errors of toothings. In a further embodiment of the present invention it is suggested that the correction of the angular position for the rotational movement about the axis of rotation to be controlled is limited to those angular ranges in which the measured rotational devlations surpass a predetermined value of deviation from the ideal rotation.
It is al80 pos8ible that during measurlng of the lnaccuracles accordlng to the method teps a) to e) instead of a toothed wheel the abrasive tool ls rotated and the toothed wheel is entrained ln 21~270 a load-free manner but such that the tooth flanks are in contact with the abrasive tool. -~
For increasing the precision of the method it may be advantageous to ellminate the lnaccuracies of the tool whlch are usually always present, even when only in small amounts. This is inventively achieved such that the inaccuracies of the tool are measured on a separate measuring device. When determining the corrected angular positions by coupling, but also when performing corrections, the measured inaccuracies of the tool are used to compensate so that the effect of the tool on the ~-accuracy of ~he toothlng i9 elimlnated.
Description of Preferred Embodiments The present invention will now be descrlbed in detail with the aid of several specific embodiments utilizing Figures 1 and 2.
Fig. 1 shows the toothed wheel 1 to be machined. It has an axiY of rotation 2 about which it is rotated during the honlng process (direction of rotation A). The toothed wheel 1 me~hes with the abrasive working tool 3 which rotates about its axi8 of rotatlon 4 (directlon of rotation B). Represented i~ the simplest ~cenario for machining a spur gear wlth teeth that extend 7 ~
parallel to the axis of rotation 2 (straight toothlng). The inventive embodlments are also applicable for slanted toothings and for inner toothings. In the latter case, the tool has the shape of a spur gear with outer toothing (reference numeral 1 of Fig. 1 would then indicate the tool and reference numeral 3 would then indicate the workpiece). The axes of rotation 2 and 4 represented in Fig. 1 are shown to extend parallel to one another for reasons of simplification. Conventionally, the axes of rotation extend at an acute angls relative to one another, the so-called axis crossing angler ln order to generate the desired material removal.
The abrasive worklng tool (honing wheel) 3 has a counter contour corresonding to the contour of the workplece 1. Upon rolling of the working tool 3 and the wor~piece l, the working tool 3 generates at the workpiece 1 exactly the desired proflle. Materlal removal (abrasion) is performed because the contact surfaces between the workpiece and the working tool are provided (on the side of the working tool) with an abrasive material. It i~ pos~ible to use a working tool that is comprlsed entirely of an abraslve material that -7 ~ ~
:
can be dressed or trimmed and which, for example, is machlned with a diamond-studded trimming wheel to the desired profile. The tool may also be comprlsed of a metallic base body that has already been shaped to an equidistantly smaller shape and is comprised of a single layer of super-hard material (for example, CBN) with which the exactly required tool shape results. The rotatlonal movement about the axes 2 and 4 tdirection of rotation A and B) is electronically coupled (electronic shaft). This means that for each angular positlon of the shaft of the workpiece a corresponding angular position of the shaft of the working tool is present which are electronically exactly ad~usted and positioned.
According to the present invention, before the actual machining of the toothed wheel 1 to be machined, a complete revolution i8 carried out which is automatically performed by the machine tool control. The working tool 3 according to Fig. 1 is in engagement with the workpiece 1. The working tool 3 rotates without load together with tha workpiece 1 whereby however a certain braking moment is ensured so that contact between the toothed ~lanks of the workpiece 5 and of the ., . . ..:. - - .
:- :.,, -12~270 working tool 6 is ensured. It may be simpler ln certain cases to rotate the working tool 3 and to have the workpiece 1 follow. Of course, this embodiment is also part of the present lnvention.
During the rotation of the toothed wheel 1 the movement ls measured at the working tool 3 that follows the rotational movement, and especlally the rotatlonal deviations resulting from toothing inaccuracies of the workpiece 1 with respect to the ideal rotation are measured and saved. This is schematically shown in Fig. 2.
Over a complete revolution (2 r ~), the measured accumulated pitch error Fp is determined. For each angular position a corrected value (Delta Fp~
of the rotational coupling can be used so that especially at those locations where the most material removal i8 required an increased material removal is performed.
Subsequently, the honing procass ls performed. The rotational movements of workpiece 1 and working tool 3 are now electronically coupled (electronic shaft). However, the mea~ured deviations of rotation (Delta Fp) are used by the electronic control upon coupllng of the movement about the two axes of rotation for compensation.
- ~;
2~24270 The machlne tool control for each concrete angular posltlon determlnes a nominal position value that has been corrected by the previously measured and saved rotational deviation value.
The present invention is, of course, in no way restricted to the specific disclosure of the specification and drawings, but also encompasses any modifications wlthin the scope of the appended claims.
~, ;` ', ' , ' :` ` :
METHOD AND MACHINE TOOL FOR FINISHING TOOTHINGS ~ -~
Background of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and a machine tool for fine-machining of toothings on : .
a machine tool whereby the toothed wheel or gear wheel to be machined is rotated about its axis of rotation and is engaged by the abraslve worklng tool that is rotated about its axis of rotation such that it comes into contact with the tooth flanks of the toothed wheel to be machined and whereby the rotational movement of the axis of rot~tion of the toothed wheel and the rotational movement of the axls of rotatlon of the abraslve working tool are electronically coupled. The material removal is carried out in general such that the axis of rotation of the workpiece on the one hand and of the abrasive working tool on the other hand extend relative to one another at a so-called axis cross angle. In some cases it also possible to provide a parallel arrangement of the axes of the tool and the workplece for the deslred material removal which then takeY place by the ~o-called high gliding durlng rolllng of the tooth flanges of the workpiece and the tool on one another.
212~
For the machining of toothed wheels after hardenlng different manufacturing processes are being u~ed at present. Generally, hobbed and hardened t~othed wheels are provlded with the final exact prof~le contour in a grinding operation. Sometimes, after completion of the yrinding operation, a tooth honing process ls performed in order to minlmize inaccuracies of the teeth remaining after grinding. The advantage of a honing process is that this process requlres only little time and is especially suitable for mass production.
In a tooth honing step the toothed wheel to be machined rotates about its axis of rotation.
It meshes with the honing tool which, in the case of an outer toothing to be machined, is in the form of an inner toothed ring. The honing tool also rotates about its axis of rotation. The inner toothing of the honing tool can be derived geometrically from the desired toothing geometry of the workpiece. In order to achieve material removal from a toothed wheel that is hard to machine, the honing tool is provided with abraslve particles. The machining is carried out such that, for example, the workpiece is drlvsn and the ~-~ 212427Q
tool follows with a certain amount of drag. By changing the direction of rotation (pu~h and pull), the two tooth flanks are machined.
The goal of the honing process i8 to minimize the tooth inaccuracies remaining after the grinding process. These tooth inaccuracies include deviations of the rotational trueness and of the profile (involute including the desired corrections) as w~ll as the line of the flanks.
Of special importance for a noise-reduced operation of the toothed wheel are single pitch errors and accumulated pitch errors.
High requirements with regard to the quality of the toothed wheels to be machined have led to the need for more efficient working tools for hardened toothed wheels. Regarding tooth honlng methods, solutions have been suggested in which the two rotational shafts of the workpiece and the working tool are no longer independently driven and are only connected by the drag of the part that is not being driven and in which the two rotational shafts are coupled with a defined coupling means. The latter is preferably done with the assistance of NC technology in an electronic manner ("electronic shaft").
- 2~L2~270 The goal of this measure was to average the tooth inaccuracies with the honing process, i.e., to minimize such tooth inaccuracies during rolling of the honlng tool on the workpiece, but also to eliminate such lnaccuracies by forcibly coupling the rotational shafts axi~.
Extensive tests have shown that with known honing tools and methods it is indeed possible to reduce the tooth inaccuracies substantially, especially devlations of the rotational trueness, of the contour of the flanks, and of the single pitch errors of the toothing.
However, it has been shown that especially the accumulated pltch error of the toothlng, even when electronlc shafts are being used for the honing process, the inaccuracies are still very great and, in general, are outside of the allowable tolerance range.
Obvlously, the conventional controls lelectronic shafts), are not able, due to the high rotational velocity of the workpiece and the honing tool, to timely detect rotational errors, i.e., deviations from the ideal rotation which are usually within the micrometer range, and to induce the requlred counter movement so that a ~-` 2~24270 corresponding correction of the abrasion process can occur.
It is therefore an obJect of the present invention to provide a method for finishing toothings that is able to reduce substantlally the critiaal accumulated pitch error and to provide for a toothlng of a high quality. The inventive goal, however, should be reached under the followlng condltion: the hard machining should be performed in the shortest possible amount of time and therefore a honing process ls considered for the present invention.
Brief Description of the Drawings This ob~ect, and other obJects and advantages of the pre~ent invention, will appear more clearly from the following speciflcatlon in conJunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 shows a workpiece and a working tool in engagement during the machining process; and Fig. 2 shows the course of the accumulated pitch error F
over the rotational angle of the toothed wheel.
212q~7~
Summary of the Invention Accord~ng to a first method of finishing teeth including tooth flanks of a toothed wheel with a machine tool according to the present invention is primarily characterized by the following steps:
a) Engaging the toothed wheel with an abraslve working tool of the machlne -tool~
b) Rotating for at least one revolution the toothed wheel about an axi8 of rotation :~.
of the toothed wheel; ~ .
c) Entrainlng the abrasive working tool with the toothed wheel load-free but in contact with the toothed flanks of the .
toothed wheel, :~
d) During the at least one revolution, measuring rotational devlatlons from an :~
ideal rotational meshing between the :
toothed wheel and the abrasive working tool resulting from tooth inaccuracie~
e) Saving the rotational deviations, f) Finishlng the toothed wheel with the abrasive working tool, wherein the step of finishing includes the following 212~2~
steps:
fl) Electronically coupling the rotat$onal movement about the axis of rotation 2 of the toothed wheel and the rotational movement about the axls of rotation of the abrasive working tool; and f2) Adding the rotational deviations with reversed sign at each angular position for providing the nominal position value of an angular position for the rotational movement about the axis of rotation to be controlled.
In a 8econd, alternative method of the present invention, the working tool is actively driven while the toothed wheel to be machined ls entrained by the workiny tool.
Preferably, the first and second methods further comprise the step of repeating steps a) to e) after completion of step b) for measuring present rotational deviations.
Advantageously, the first and second methods further comprise the step of continuing finishing of the toothed wheel pursuant to step fl) when the present rotational deviations are below a predetermined maxlmum.
212~27Q
In another embodiment of the present lnventlon, the flrst and second methods further comprise the step of continuing finishing of the toothed wheel according to step f) wherein in step f2) the present rotational deviations are added when the present rotational deviations surpass a predetermined maximum.
Advantageously, the step of repeating steps a) to e) and the step of continuing finishing of the toothed wheel are repeated until the present rotational deviatlons are below the predetermined maxlmum.
Advantageously, in the step b2) the rotational deviations are added only when the rotatlonal deviations surpass a predetermined value.
In another embodlment of the present invention, the first and second method further comprise the steps of measuring tooth inaccuracies of the abrasive working tool on a measuring device and in step f2) correctlng the nominal posltion value wlth the measured tooth lnaccuracies.
Preferably, the first and second methods further comprise the step of adJusting in step fl) the rotational movement about the axls of rotatlon -- 21~270 of the toothed wheel and the rotatlonal movement about the axis of rotation of the abrasive working tool relative to one another according to the measured tooth inaccuracies.
The present invention further relates to a machine tool for performlng the two methods of the present invention.
The measured rotational deviations of the workpiece from the ideal rotatlon (this could be called also a teach-in for the present inaccuracies of the toothing) are used in the finishing steps such that the measured rotational deviations have their sign reversed and are used to compensate the rotational movement so that exactly at the location~ at which the most material must be removed, the required hlgh materlal abrasion takes place. The technlcal control means of choice i9 a so-called electronic curve disk which is known as an electronic shaft coupliny system from printing, paper manufacturing, and textile machlnes~
With the inventive feature it is thu,~ ensured that even for the available control system~ a conslderable reduction of toothlng inaccuracies, in particular of accumulated pitch errors, can be _ g _ 212Q27Q ~
' ;' performed because the control knows in time when a deviation related to a tooth inaccuracy is coming up so that the control can counter this effect. The result after the honing process is a fla~less toothed wheel that with its error margins lies within the allowable tolerances.
When the most critical inaccuracies, viewed over the circumference of the toothed wheel, have been removed, it may be expedlent to continue the honing process with uncorrected angular positions, i.e., with an exact unmodified coupling.
Otherwise, there would be the risk that the correction now produces cups at those locations that have previously been preferably sub~ected to material removal. According to a further feature of the invention it is thus suggested that after ~ompletion of the finishing step a further measuring of the workplece takes place.
When it ls determined that the greatest inaccuracies have been removed, the honing proceYs is continued with uncorrected angular positions.
Otherwise, it is possible to further use correction values whereby preferably in this ~tep the newly measured present (current) values are being used.
~ ~ . . , -~- :
`~ 212~27Q
The sequence of finishing, measuring, finishing advantageously can be continued with corrected angular positions until the measured rotational deviations are below a predetermlned value. Then it is possible to continue machining with uncorrected angular position (ideal rotational coupliny). It is not necessarily required that the measured rotational deviatlons according to the steps a) to e~ of the inventive method must be considered over the complete circumference of the toothing when, for example, only at one or a few locations a high material removal is requlred as ls typical for accumulated pitch errors of toothings. In a further embodiment of the present invention it is suggested that the correction of the angular position for the rotational movement about the axis of rotation to be controlled is limited to those angular ranges in which the measured rotational devlations surpass a predetermined value of deviation from the ideal rotation.
It is al80 pos8ible that during measurlng of the lnaccuracles accordlng to the method teps a) to e) instead of a toothed wheel the abrasive tool ls rotated and the toothed wheel is entrained ln 21~270 a load-free manner but such that the tooth flanks are in contact with the abrasive tool. -~
For increasing the precision of the method it may be advantageous to ellminate the lnaccuracies of the tool whlch are usually always present, even when only in small amounts. This is inventively achieved such that the inaccuracies of the tool are measured on a separate measuring device. When determining the corrected angular positions by coupling, but also when performing corrections, the measured inaccuracies of the tool are used to compensate so that the effect of the tool on the ~-accuracy of ~he toothlng i9 elimlnated.
Description of Preferred Embodiments The present invention will now be descrlbed in detail with the aid of several specific embodiments utilizing Figures 1 and 2.
Fig. 1 shows the toothed wheel 1 to be machined. It has an axiY of rotation 2 about which it is rotated during the honlng process (direction of rotation A). The toothed wheel 1 me~hes with the abrasive working tool 3 which rotates about its axi8 of rotatlon 4 (directlon of rotation B). Represented i~ the simplest ~cenario for machining a spur gear wlth teeth that extend 7 ~
parallel to the axis of rotation 2 (straight toothlng). The inventive embodlments are also applicable for slanted toothings and for inner toothings. In the latter case, the tool has the shape of a spur gear with outer toothing (reference numeral 1 of Fig. 1 would then indicate the tool and reference numeral 3 would then indicate the workpiece). The axes of rotation 2 and 4 represented in Fig. 1 are shown to extend parallel to one another for reasons of simplification. Conventionally, the axes of rotation extend at an acute angls relative to one another, the so-called axis crossing angler ln order to generate the desired material removal.
The abrasive worklng tool (honing wheel) 3 has a counter contour corresonding to the contour of the workplece 1. Upon rolling of the working tool 3 and the wor~piece l, the working tool 3 generates at the workpiece 1 exactly the desired proflle. Materlal removal (abrasion) is performed because the contact surfaces between the workpiece and the working tool are provided (on the side of the working tool) with an abrasive material. It i~ pos~ible to use a working tool that is comprlsed entirely of an abraslve material that -7 ~ ~
:
can be dressed or trimmed and which, for example, is machlned with a diamond-studded trimming wheel to the desired profile. The tool may also be comprlsed of a metallic base body that has already been shaped to an equidistantly smaller shape and is comprised of a single layer of super-hard material (for example, CBN) with which the exactly required tool shape results. The rotatlonal movement about the axes 2 and 4 tdirection of rotation A and B) is electronically coupled (electronic shaft). This means that for each angular positlon of the shaft of the workpiece a corresponding angular position of the shaft of the working tool is present which are electronically exactly ad~usted and positioned.
According to the present invention, before the actual machining of the toothed wheel 1 to be machined, a complete revolution i8 carried out which is automatically performed by the machine tool control. The working tool 3 according to Fig. 1 is in engagement with the workpiece 1. The working tool 3 rotates without load together with tha workpiece 1 whereby however a certain braking moment is ensured so that contact between the toothed ~lanks of the workpiece 5 and of the ., . . ..:. - - .
:- :.,, -12~270 working tool 6 is ensured. It may be simpler ln certain cases to rotate the working tool 3 and to have the workpiece 1 follow. Of course, this embodiment is also part of the present lnvention.
During the rotation of the toothed wheel 1 the movement ls measured at the working tool 3 that follows the rotational movement, and especlally the rotatlonal deviations resulting from toothing inaccuracies of the workpiece 1 with respect to the ideal rotation are measured and saved. This is schematically shown in Fig. 2.
Over a complete revolution (2 r ~), the measured accumulated pitch error Fp is determined. For each angular position a corrected value (Delta Fp~
of the rotational coupling can be used so that especially at those locations where the most material removal i8 required an increased material removal is performed.
Subsequently, the honing procass ls performed. The rotational movements of workpiece 1 and working tool 3 are now electronically coupled (electronic shaft). However, the mea~ured deviations of rotation (Delta Fp) are used by the electronic control upon coupllng of the movement about the two axes of rotation for compensation.
- ~;
2~24270 The machlne tool control for each concrete angular posltlon determlnes a nominal position value that has been corrected by the previously measured and saved rotational deviation value.
The present invention is, of course, in no way restricted to the specific disclosure of the specification and drawings, but also encompasses any modifications wlthin the scope of the appended claims.
~, ;` ', ' , ' :` ` :
Claims (18)
1. A method of finishing teeth including tooth flanks of a toothed wheel with a machine tool, said method comprising the steps of:
a) engaging the toothed wheel with an abrasive working tool of the machine tool;
b) rotating for at least one revolution the toothed wheel about an axis of rotation of the toothed wheel;
c) entraining the abrasive working tool with the toothed wheel load-free but in contact with tooth flanks of the toothed wheel;
d) during said at least one revolution, measuring rotational deviations from an ideal rotational meshing between the toothed wheel and the abrasive working tool resulting from tooth inaccuracies;
e) saving the rotational deviations;
f) finishing the toothed wheel with the abrasive working tool, wherein said step of finishing includes the following steps:
f1) electronically coupling the rotational movement about the axis of rotation of the toothed wheel and the rotational movement about the axis of rotation of the abrasive working tool; and f2) adding the rotational deviations with reversed sign at each angular position for providing the nominal position value of an angular position for the rotational movement about the axis of rotation to be controlled.
a) engaging the toothed wheel with an abrasive working tool of the machine tool;
b) rotating for at least one revolution the toothed wheel about an axis of rotation of the toothed wheel;
c) entraining the abrasive working tool with the toothed wheel load-free but in contact with tooth flanks of the toothed wheel;
d) during said at least one revolution, measuring rotational deviations from an ideal rotational meshing between the toothed wheel and the abrasive working tool resulting from tooth inaccuracies;
e) saving the rotational deviations;
f) finishing the toothed wheel with the abrasive working tool, wherein said step of finishing includes the following steps:
f1) electronically coupling the rotational movement about the axis of rotation of the toothed wheel and the rotational movement about the axis of rotation of the abrasive working tool; and f2) adding the rotational deviations with reversed sign at each angular position for providing the nominal position value of an angular position for the rotational movement about the axis of rotation to be controlled.
2. A method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of repeating steps a) to e) after completion of step b) for measuring present rotational deviations.
3. A method according to claim 2, further comprising the step of continuing finishing of the toothed wheel pursuant to step f1) when the present rotational deviations are below a predetermined maximum.
4. A method according to claim 3, further comprising the step of continuing finishing of the toothed wheel according to step f) wherein in the step f2) the present rotational deviations are added when the present rotational deviations surpass a predetermined maximum.
5. A method according to claim 4, wherein the step of repeating steps a) to e) and the step of continuing finishing of the toothed wheel are repeated until the present rotational deviations are below the predetermined maximum.
6. A method according to claim 1, wherein in the step b2) the rotational deviations are added only when the rotational deviations surpass a predetermined value.
7. A method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
measuring tooth inaccuracies of the abrasive working tool on a measuring device, and in the step f2) correcting the nominal value with the measured tooth inaccuracies.
measuring tooth inaccuracies of the abrasive working tool on a measuring device, and in the step f2) correcting the nominal value with the measured tooth inaccuracies.
8. A method according to claim 7, further comprising the step of adjusting in step f1) the rotational movement about the axis of rotation of the toothed wheel and the rotational movement about the axis of rotation of the abrasive working tool relative to one another according to the measured tooth inaccuracies.
9. A method of finishing teeth including tooth flanks of a toothed wheel with a machine tool, said method comprising the steps of:
a) engaging the toothed wheel with an abrasive working tool of the machine tool;
b) rotating the abrasive working tool about an axis of rotation of the abrasive working tool:
c) entraining the toothed wheel with the abrasive working tool load-free but in contact with tooth flanks of the abrasive working tool for at least one revolution of the toothed wheel about an axis of rotation of the toothed wheel;
d) during said at least one revolution, measuring rotational deviations from an ideal rotational meshing between the toothed wheel and the abrasive working tool due to tooth inaccuracies, e) saving the rotational deviations;
f) finishing the toothed wheel with the abrasive working tool, wherein said step of finishing includes the following steps:
f1) electronically coupling the rotational movement about the axis of rotation of the toothed wheel and the rotational movement about the axis of rotation of the abrasive working tool; and f2) adding the rotational deviations with reversed sign at each angular position for providing the nominal position value for the rotational movement about the axis of rotation to be controlled.
a) engaging the toothed wheel with an abrasive working tool of the machine tool;
b) rotating the abrasive working tool about an axis of rotation of the abrasive working tool:
c) entraining the toothed wheel with the abrasive working tool load-free but in contact with tooth flanks of the abrasive working tool for at least one revolution of the toothed wheel about an axis of rotation of the toothed wheel;
d) during said at least one revolution, measuring rotational deviations from an ideal rotational meshing between the toothed wheel and the abrasive working tool due to tooth inaccuracies, e) saving the rotational deviations;
f) finishing the toothed wheel with the abrasive working tool, wherein said step of finishing includes the following steps:
f1) electronically coupling the rotational movement about the axis of rotation of the toothed wheel and the rotational movement about the axis of rotation of the abrasive working tool; and f2) adding the rotational deviations with reversed sign at each angular position for providing the nominal position value for the rotational movement about the axis of rotation to be controlled.
10. A method according to claim 9, further comprising the step of repeating steps a) to e) after completion of step b) for measuring present rotational deviations.
11. A method according to claim 10, further comprising the step of continuing finishing of the toothed wheel pursuant to step f1) when the present rotational deviations are below a predetermined maximum.
12. A method according to claim 11, further comprising the step of continuing finishing of the toothed wheel according to step f) wherein in the step f2) the present rotational deviations are added when the present rotational deviations surpass a predetermined maximum.
13. A method according to claim 12, wherein the step of repeating steps a) to e) and the step of continuing finishing of the toothed wheel are repeated until the present rotational deviations are below the predetermined maximum.
14. A method according to claim 9, wherein in the step b2) the rotational deviations are added only when the rotational deviations surpass a predetermined value.
15. A method according to claim 9, further comprising the steps of:
measuring tooth inaccuracies of the abrasive working tool on a measuring device; and in the step f2) correcting the nominal value with the measured tooth inaccuracies.
measuring tooth inaccuracies of the abrasive working tool on a measuring device; and in the step f2) correcting the nominal value with the measured tooth inaccuracies.
16. A method according to claim 15, further comprising the step of adjusting in step f1) the rotational movement about the axis of rotation of the toothed wheel and the rotational movement about the axis of rotation of the abrasive working tool relative to one another according to the measured tooth inaccuracies.
17. A machine tool for carrying out the method according to claim 1.
18. A machine tool for carrying out the method according to claim 9.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4317306A DE4317306C2 (en) | 1993-05-26 | 1993-05-26 | Process for finishing the tooth flanks of gears |
| DEP4317306.3 | 1993-05-26 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2124270A1 true CA2124270A1 (en) | 1994-11-27 |
Family
ID=6488824
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002124270A Abandoned CA2124270A1 (en) | 1993-05-26 | 1994-05-25 | Method and machine tool for finishing toothings |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0631211B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3671378B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100342984B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1050080C (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE202223T1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9402076A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2124270A1 (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ284619B6 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4317306C2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2159532T3 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2128105C1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7172495B2 (en) | 2005-05-23 | 2007-02-06 | Emag Holding Gmbh | Method and apparatus using a sensor for finish-machining teeth |
Families Citing this family (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TW405470U (en) * | 1993-01-22 | 2000-09-11 | Toyota Motor Co Ltd | Apparatus for machining and measuring a gear shape |
| DE4321448C2 (en) * | 1993-06-29 | 1995-08-31 | Kapp Werkzeugmasch | Method for determining the total division error of a gear to be machined |
| CN1093948C (en) * | 1996-03-29 | 2002-11-06 | 格里森工场 | Method of evaluating workpiece for machining |
| DE19625285A1 (en) * | 1996-06-25 | 1998-01-02 | Kapp Werkzeugmasch | Method and device for the fine machining of the tooth flanks of a gear wheel on a machine tool |
| AT406836B (en) * | 1997-10-30 | 2000-09-25 | Miba Sintermetall Ag | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING A GEAR |
| DE10007499A1 (en) * | 2000-02-18 | 2001-09-06 | Klaus Daniels | Process for fine-machining gearwheel shaped workpieces involves rotating workpiece relative to first axis so that contact curve between tool and workpiece is in plane formed through first axis and a second axis orthogonal thereto |
| DE10027011A1 (en) * | 2000-05-31 | 2001-12-06 | Kapp Gmbh | Hard fine working process for radial teeth of gear wheel involves using abrasive tool with steel base body and teeth covered in abrasive grains |
| JP4517091B2 (en) * | 2000-10-20 | 2010-08-04 | 株式会社 神崎高級工機製作所 | Gear finishing by synchronous drive |
| JP3980375B2 (en) * | 2002-02-21 | 2007-09-26 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Gear grinding method and gear grinding apparatus |
| JP4635143B2 (en) * | 2002-04-19 | 2011-02-16 | 株式会社 神崎高級工機製作所 | Gear finishing by synchronous drive |
| JP4635142B2 (en) * | 2003-04-18 | 2011-02-16 | 株式会社 神崎高級工機製作所 | Gear finishing device and gear meshing method |
| DE102005028004B4 (en) * | 2005-06-17 | 2007-05-24 | Audi Ag | Method for producing a gear |
| WO2011043225A1 (en) * | 2009-10-05 | 2011-04-14 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Device and method for measuring tooth surface run-out, device and method for moulding grinding tool, and method for aligning teeth in a gear wheel grinding device |
| CN101920479A (en) * | 2010-04-13 | 2010-12-22 | 宁波超能液压有限公司 | Dividing device for honing machine |
| JP5308404B2 (en) * | 2010-06-16 | 2013-10-09 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Gear grinding method |
| DE102011082868B4 (en) * | 2011-09-16 | 2015-10-29 | Felsomat Gmbh & Co. Kg | Honing process with the introduction of a workpiece at a Wälzprüfstation and honing machine for performing the method |
| DE102015111663A1 (en) | 2015-07-17 | 2017-01-19 | Präwema Antriebstechnik GmbH | Method of honing gears |
| CN105710453B (en) * | 2016-03-17 | 2017-10-24 | 哈尔滨汽轮机厂有限责任公司 | Specific purpose tool for grinding one-level solar wheeling tooth set |
| DE102020007110A1 (en) | 2020-11-20 | 2022-05-25 | Gleason Switzerland Ag | Method for machining gears and tool designed for this purpose |
| CN112643144B (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2022-04-26 | 重庆市星极齿轮有限责任公司 | Gear honing processing device and gear honing method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1327601A (en) * | 1969-09-30 | 1973-08-22 | Moon Star Chemical Corp | Honing gear teeth |
| CH650183A5 (en) * | 1981-01-27 | 1985-07-15 | Reishauer Ag | METHOD FOR MACHINING A GEAR WITH A ROTATING TOOL. |
| DE3730249A1 (en) * | 1987-09-09 | 1989-04-06 | Karlheinz Bumm | Method and device for lapping bevel gears |
| JPH0398713A (en) * | 1989-09-12 | 1991-04-24 | Koganei Seiki Seisakusho:Kk | Finishing method for tooth surface of toothed wheel |
| JP2628924B2 (en) * | 1990-04-05 | 1997-07-09 | ファナック株式会社 | Gear pitch error correction method for numerical controller |
| DE4027628A1 (en) * | 1990-08-31 | 1992-03-05 | Wolters Peter Fa | DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING OR CONTROLLING LAEPP, HONING OR POLISHING MACHINES |
| JPH07110447B2 (en) * | 1990-11-21 | 1995-11-29 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Gear finishing device |
| ATE145069T1 (en) * | 1991-01-15 | 1996-11-15 | Kapp Werkzeugmasch | METHOD FOR HIGHLY PRECISE FINISHING OF PRE-PROFILED, HARDENED WORKPIECES |
| TW405470U (en) * | 1993-01-22 | 2000-09-11 | Toyota Motor Co Ltd | Apparatus for machining and measuring a gear shape |
-
1993
- 1993-05-26 DE DE4317306A patent/DE4317306C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1994
- 1994-05-13 CZ CZ941180A patent/CZ284619B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-05-13 EP EP94107461A patent/EP0631211B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-13 DE DE59409780T patent/DE59409780D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-05-13 ES ES94107461T patent/ES2159532T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-13 AT AT94107461T patent/ATE202223T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-05-19 JP JP13926994A patent/JP3671378B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-05-25 KR KR1019940011354A patent/KR100342984B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-05-25 CA CA002124270A patent/CA2124270A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-05-25 RU RU94018522A patent/RU2128105C1/en active
- 1994-05-25 CN CN94105839A patent/CN1050080C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-05-25 BR BR9402076A patent/BR9402076A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7172495B2 (en) | 2005-05-23 | 2007-02-06 | Emag Holding Gmbh | Method and apparatus using a sensor for finish-machining teeth |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0631211A3 (en) | 1997-01-08 |
| ES2159532T3 (en) | 2001-10-16 |
| JPH0751936A (en) | 1995-02-28 |
| CZ284619B6 (en) | 1999-01-13 |
| ATE202223T1 (en) | 2001-06-15 |
| BR9402076A (en) | 1994-12-13 |
| EP0631211B1 (en) | 2001-06-13 |
| DE59409780D1 (en) | 2001-07-19 |
| CN1102368A (en) | 1995-05-10 |
| CZ118094A3 (en) | 1995-01-18 |
| DE4317306C2 (en) | 1994-12-08 |
| EP0631211A2 (en) | 1994-12-28 |
| RU94018522A (en) | 1996-09-10 |
| RU2128105C1 (en) | 1999-03-27 |
| KR100342984B1 (en) | 2002-10-31 |
| JP3671378B2 (en) | 2005-07-13 |
| CN1050080C (en) | 2000-03-08 |
| DE4317306A1 (en) | 1993-10-28 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |