CA2123980A1 - Multilayered glass laminate having enhanced resistance to penetration by high velocity projectiles - Google Patents
Multilayered glass laminate having enhanced resistance to penetration by high velocity projectilesInfo
- Publication number
- CA2123980A1 CA2123980A1 CA002123980A CA2123980A CA2123980A1 CA 2123980 A1 CA2123980 A1 CA 2123980A1 CA 002123980 A CA002123980 A CA 002123980A CA 2123980 A CA2123980 A CA 2123980A CA 2123980 A1 CA2123980 A1 CA 2123980A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- glass
- laminate
- plies
- penetration
- thickness
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10064—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising at least two glass sheets, only one of which being an outer layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/02—Plate construction
- F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
- F41H5/0407—Transparent bullet-proof laminatesinformative reference: layered products essentially comprising glass in general B32B17/06, e.g. B32B17/10009; manufacture or composition of glass, e.g. joining glass to glass C03; permanent multiple-glazing windows, e.g. with spacing therebetween, E06B3/66
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/56—Damping, energy absorption
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/584—Scratch resistance
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
- B32B2307/734—Dimensional stability
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2571/00—Protective equipment
- B32B2571/02—Protective equipment defensive, e.g. armour plates, anti-ballistic clothing
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
Abstract
A multilayered glass laminate having enhanced resistance to spalling and penetration by high velocity projectiles consists of at least three plies of glass (10, 12, 14) with layers of plasticized polyvinyl butyral (16, 18, 20) therebetween and having permanently bonded to an outer layer of one of said plies of glass (14) a thin composite consisting of an adhesive energy absorbing layer (22) and a dimensionally stable polyester film (24).
Description
WO g3~10973 PCI`/US91/087~1 ~".............. ^~
" ,TI, rLE
MULIILAYERED GLASS LAMINATE HA~ING
ENHANCED RESISTANCE TO PENETR~TION
- BY HIGH VELOCITY PROJECIILES
BACKGROUN~ OF THE INVE~mQN
This invention relates to glass laminates having enhanced ~:
resistance to penetration by high velocity projectiles. More particularly, the 0 invention relates to relatively thîn glass laminates which not only stop glass ~; -from spalling whe~ impacted by small alld medium caliber bullets but also stops penetration of the laminates by the bullets.or other small high velocity projectiles.
Various ~pes of transparent laminated structures have been disclosed for protecting personnel from ilying splinters and fragments of gla~g materials which are rele~sed when a high velocity projectile strilces tbe structure. In U.S. 3,658,636 thick plates of an amorphous polyamide are formed into a sandwich structure with silicate glass. U.S. 2,861,021 describes -a strucblre in which polymethyl methacrylate sheets are l~ated with 2 o polyvinyl bu~ral aIld faced with a layer of a polyamide, polyester or regenerated cellulose sheet. Multiple plies of glass and poly~nnyl butyral are used in combination vnth a plastic iIlterlayer as an impact absolption section in the structure disclosed in U.S. 4,130,684.
The problem of spalling of an anti-abrasion layer which is s applied to a laminate using polycarbonate sheets is addressed in U.S. 4,812,359 by applying a thin polyca~bonate sheet having an abrasion-resistant self-healing coating. A similar laminate which includes an in~ernal elastic e~pansion core with a thin polycarbonate sheet c~vered with an antiabrasive which can be replaced is disclosed in U.S. 4,879,183. British 3 0 Patent 828,381 discloses a five layer laminate consis~ng of two layers of glass, two layers of polyvinyl butyrate and a central layer of polyethylene terephthalate. Published UK Application 2 lS6 736A discloses an impact resistant laminate comprising a number of glass sheets which are laminated together with a rear polycarbonate sheet which is said to be resistant to spalli~g.
WO 93/10973 PCT/US91/087~;1 2~23~ 2 A problem with most "bullet resistant" structures is that they have a thichless in excess of that which can be accommodated in usual glazing applications. Some structures are effective in controlling spalling but are not effective in stopping penetration of the laminate by a projectile. Most of the structures rely on incorporating layers of various materials in the larninated structure. This complicates manufacture and increases costs since different materials require different laminating techniques. -~
It has been found that by permanently bonding a very thin composite consisting of an adhesive layer and a dimensionally stable polyester 0 film to multiple plies of glass with layers of plasticized polyvinyl butyral there between, a glass laminate of substantially reduced thickness is provided which is capable of resisting penetration of high velocity projectiles with little, if any, s spalling from the inner rear face of the laminate.
SUMM~RY OF THE I~VE~TION
This invention provides a laminated glazing to which is attached a permanent, energy absorbing thin plastic composite consisting of an adhesive energy absorbing layer, such as polyvinyl butyral, and a strong, dimensionally stable, chemical and abrasion resistant layer, sucb as a layer of polyester film which may be coated with a polysiloxane or other abrasion resistant coating. The thin plastic composite prevents spalling from the surface of the glazing to which it has been laminated. Surprisingly, in additionto stopping glass from spalling, the composite increases the integrity and penetration resistance of the constructions to which it is laminated when they 2 5 are impacted by bullets or other projectiles striking the opposite sur~ace. By retaining the surface glass and holding the construction together, and by other mechanisms not fully understood, penetration resistance is substantially enhanced far beyond what would be expected of such a thin composite structure.
3 o In accordance with this invention a multilayered glass laminate consisting of at least three plies of glass is prepared by interposing layers ofplasticized polyvinyl butyral between the plies of glass. The plies of glass each should have a thickness from about 1/8 to aboutl/4 inch (3.175 to 6.35 mm) and the polyvinyl butyral layer should have a thickness from about 15 to about 3 5 60 mils (0.381 to 1.524 mm). A thin composite consisting of an adhesive layer 34 Rec'd PCT/PTG ~14Y 93 3 212-398~CT~lJS 9 1 / 0 8 7 5 1 -of poly~inyl bu~rral having a thickness ~rom 15 to 60 mils (0381 to 1524 mm) and a polyester film having a thiekness from about 3 ~o about 15 mils (0.0762 ~:
to 0381 mm) is permanently bonded to an outer l~yer of the glass. The total thickness of the composite is not greater than about 2 mnL Anti-spalling and s penetratioD resistant s~ructures having an overall reduc~on in thickness of 20% or morc as compared to known glass laminatcs uscd in bullct rcsistant glazing applications a-c provided by this invcntion. Preferably, threc to seven plies of glass adhercd together with adbesivc layers of polyvi~l butyral are used. it is to bhe understood that the rclative ~hick~ness auld nu mb~er of plies of lO glass of the structurcs of this invention will be dctcrmi~ed by fhe ~thrcat levcl~,i.c. the size ~d velocity of projec~es w hicb are e~qpected to bhe -encountered.
The polyvinyl butyral adhesive sheeting may bc sclcctcd from thc many commercially available grades of plasticized polyvinyl bu~ral. a particularly desirable product of thc type disclosed in Moynihan, US Patent 4,292,372 is sold by E. I. Du Pont dc Ncmours and Company undcr the trademark Butacite. Other known adhesive material for glass laminates such as polyurethane may also be used. The polyester film may be of the type disclosed in Knox, US Patent 4,072,779, and may be coated witb an abrasion 2 o resistant material as disclosed in that patent. The glass may bc sclected in accordancewith ASI'M specifications, Designation C 1172-91. Tbe glass may bc tempcred or anncaled. Tempered glass is gencrally prefcrrcd.
Brief Descripdon of the Drawings -FIGS. 1 and 2 are sections through the edgc of a projcctile rcsistant laminatc according to the invendon.
Detailed Description Refcrring to FIG. 1, a projectile resistant lan~iDate comprises thrcc sheets l0, 12, and 14 of glass. Glass sheet 10 is positioned in a dircction likely to receive an impact from a projectile, e.g. a bullet, on its Iace 11.
Shccts 10, 12, and 14 are bonded togethcr by interlayers of poly~inyl butyral whicb arc from 15 to 60 mils (0.381 to 1.528 mm) thick. A polyetbylene tercphthalatc film 24 from 3 to 15 mils (0.0762 to 0.381 mm) thick is bonded 3s to glass sheet 14 by an interlayer of polyvinyl butyral.
5UBST~T~TE SH~T
WO 93/10973 PCI'/US91/08751 ~ 398' t':.~ 4~ -FIG. 2 shows the laminate of FIG. 1 having an abrasion resistant coating 26 adhered to the outer surface of polyethylene terephthalate film 24. Coating 26 may be a silanol coating from 1 to 20 ~ucrons thick of the type disclosed in US Pat. 4,469,743 and US Pat.
4,177,315.
The laminated structure of this invention may be prepared by known laminating methods. Polyvinyl butyral ~llm is interleaved between glass sheets 10, 12 and 14. ~A composite comprised of polyethylene terephthalate film 24 and polyvinyl butyral film 22 is then positioned over the rear face of glass sheet 14~ A coverplate is placed over the assembly, the assembly is edge taped and placed in an airtight bag and subjected to a ~ ~-vacuum. The evacuated assembly is then autoclaved while the bag is maintained under reduced pressure.
The invention will be further illustrated by the following e~amples.
EXAMPLES
Laminated glass test panels were prepared by sandwiching polyvinyl butyral sheeting having a thickness of 30 mils (0.762 mm) between 2 o one foot (304.8 rnm)squares of nominal 100 mil (2.54 mm) thick glass .
Selected panels included a composite bonded to an outer layer of one of the plies of Bass consisting of a layer of a Butacite~ polyvinyl butyral sheet having a thickness of 15 mils (0.381 mm) ~nd a polyester film having a thickness of ~-0.007 inch ~0.178 m). A Single shot from a .38 caliber handgun was fired at the center of each panel from a distance of 15 feet (4.572 m). Spall was -measured as grams of glass ejecting from the backside of the laminate. Spall designated "+ + + " was not measured but was estimated to be in the range from about 50 to 100 grams, designated "+ +" in the range from 10 to 15 grams, and "+" less than about 0.2 grams. The results of the tests are set out 3 o in the following table.
, ~ ....
WO 93/10973 PCI'/US91/08751 . ~
".~
!': i ; 1 21 2 3 9 8 0 , STANDARD GLASS COMPOSITE GLASS LAI~INATE
I,AMINATE
. ._ . . ............ .. _ NO. OF THIC~CNESSPE~NEI RATE SPALLTHIC~ESS PENETRATE SPALL
PLIE~S (mm~__ - ~(l~.m2 (mm) _ . (~ml 4 11.94 YES85.1 12 45NO 0.0 ~_ . -. _ 4 12 95NO 0.0 ~ _ _ ._ 4__ 12.45NO 0.0 4 12.45YES + + +
~ ... .
15.24 NO 10.3_15.75_ NO 0.0 15.24 NO + +15.49 _ NO 0.0 15.24 YES + + + 15.49 NO 0.0 _ NO 15.is NO 0.0 Y~S +~+
._ _ _ 6 18.3 NO 13.7 6 18_ NO + + _ 7 21.34 NO _ 9.5 7 21.34 NO 0.0_ 7 21.84 NO + +
8_ 24.38 NO 0.29 27.94 NO +9_ 27.94 NO +
Results similar to those obtained with 4 plies of glass plus a 5 composite as shown above are obtained using 3 plies of glass plus a composite having a total thickness of about 12.5 mm.
In TaUe 2 the data from Table 1 is condensed and reformated to show a percentage of penetration versus sample construction,thickness and the ratio of penetrations to the number of samples tested for each ~pe.
10 Focusing on the samples each with 4 plies of glass, the standard laminate waspenetrated, whereas the sample having the same number of plies plus the composite shield is only penetrated 2S% of the time. In tests where the composite was not penetrated, no spall was generated. This improvement resulted from the addition of a polyethylene terephthalate and polyvinyl butyral adhesive film of only 22 mils (Q559 mm) thick as compared to a glass laminate thickness of about O.S inch (12.7 mm) (an increase of 6.4~S in thickness). The same pattern can be seen for the samples each containing 5 plies of glass, where the number of data sets is greater. In this case, the ;
WO 93/10973 Pcr/vssl/o87~1 2~,398 ' '' addition of the composite reduces the penetration frequen~y from 40% to O~G
with an increase of only 3.3% in thickness. It is obvious when comparing 5 plies of Standard Glass Laminate that more protection is af~orded when 4 plies of the same thiclmess of glass is used in the Composite Glass Laminate 5 of the present iIIvention. Even increasing the laminate thickness to 0.6 inch (15.24 mm), (5 plies of laminated glass) only reduced the actual penetration to 40% (a 27.7% increase in thiclcness).To obtain 0% penetration unth the standard construction, 6 plies of glass were necessa~y.
STANDARD GL~SS COMPOSITE GL~SS L~MINATE
I~MINATE
No.~ TH~cNss . R~no sP~ THKNSS P~N~ RAno SPALL
PLIBS (mm) TR~TE . .__ ~m) (mm)_ TRAlE (~m) _ 4 11.94 100% 1/1 85.1 12.7 25% 1/4 0.0 . L_ _._ . .. _. .
15.24 40% _2l5 10.3 15.62 ~% 0/4 0 0 -6 18;3 O~Yo 0/2 ~ 13.7 7- 21.59 O~o 0/3 9 5 -. .. _ , . . _ 8 24.38 0%_ 0/1 0.2 - 9~ 27.94 oo~o-- 0/1 +
11 35.56 0% 0/1 0.0
" ,TI, rLE
MULIILAYERED GLASS LAMINATE HA~ING
ENHANCED RESISTANCE TO PENETR~TION
- BY HIGH VELOCITY PROJECIILES
BACKGROUN~ OF THE INVE~mQN
This invention relates to glass laminates having enhanced ~:
resistance to penetration by high velocity projectiles. More particularly, the 0 invention relates to relatively thîn glass laminates which not only stop glass ~; -from spalling whe~ impacted by small alld medium caliber bullets but also stops penetration of the laminates by the bullets.or other small high velocity projectiles.
Various ~pes of transparent laminated structures have been disclosed for protecting personnel from ilying splinters and fragments of gla~g materials which are rele~sed when a high velocity projectile strilces tbe structure. In U.S. 3,658,636 thick plates of an amorphous polyamide are formed into a sandwich structure with silicate glass. U.S. 2,861,021 describes -a strucblre in which polymethyl methacrylate sheets are l~ated with 2 o polyvinyl bu~ral aIld faced with a layer of a polyamide, polyester or regenerated cellulose sheet. Multiple plies of glass and poly~nnyl butyral are used in combination vnth a plastic iIlterlayer as an impact absolption section in the structure disclosed in U.S. 4,130,684.
The problem of spalling of an anti-abrasion layer which is s applied to a laminate using polycarbonate sheets is addressed in U.S. 4,812,359 by applying a thin polyca~bonate sheet having an abrasion-resistant self-healing coating. A similar laminate which includes an in~ernal elastic e~pansion core with a thin polycarbonate sheet c~vered with an antiabrasive which can be replaced is disclosed in U.S. 4,879,183. British 3 0 Patent 828,381 discloses a five layer laminate consis~ng of two layers of glass, two layers of polyvinyl butyrate and a central layer of polyethylene terephthalate. Published UK Application 2 lS6 736A discloses an impact resistant laminate comprising a number of glass sheets which are laminated together with a rear polycarbonate sheet which is said to be resistant to spalli~g.
WO 93/10973 PCT/US91/087~;1 2~23~ 2 A problem with most "bullet resistant" structures is that they have a thichless in excess of that which can be accommodated in usual glazing applications. Some structures are effective in controlling spalling but are not effective in stopping penetration of the laminate by a projectile. Most of the structures rely on incorporating layers of various materials in the larninated structure. This complicates manufacture and increases costs since different materials require different laminating techniques. -~
It has been found that by permanently bonding a very thin composite consisting of an adhesive layer and a dimensionally stable polyester 0 film to multiple plies of glass with layers of plasticized polyvinyl butyral there between, a glass laminate of substantially reduced thickness is provided which is capable of resisting penetration of high velocity projectiles with little, if any, s spalling from the inner rear face of the laminate.
SUMM~RY OF THE I~VE~TION
This invention provides a laminated glazing to which is attached a permanent, energy absorbing thin plastic composite consisting of an adhesive energy absorbing layer, such as polyvinyl butyral, and a strong, dimensionally stable, chemical and abrasion resistant layer, sucb as a layer of polyester film which may be coated with a polysiloxane or other abrasion resistant coating. The thin plastic composite prevents spalling from the surface of the glazing to which it has been laminated. Surprisingly, in additionto stopping glass from spalling, the composite increases the integrity and penetration resistance of the constructions to which it is laminated when they 2 5 are impacted by bullets or other projectiles striking the opposite sur~ace. By retaining the surface glass and holding the construction together, and by other mechanisms not fully understood, penetration resistance is substantially enhanced far beyond what would be expected of such a thin composite structure.
3 o In accordance with this invention a multilayered glass laminate consisting of at least three plies of glass is prepared by interposing layers ofplasticized polyvinyl butyral between the plies of glass. The plies of glass each should have a thickness from about 1/8 to aboutl/4 inch (3.175 to 6.35 mm) and the polyvinyl butyral layer should have a thickness from about 15 to about 3 5 60 mils (0.381 to 1.524 mm). A thin composite consisting of an adhesive layer 34 Rec'd PCT/PTG ~14Y 93 3 212-398~CT~lJS 9 1 / 0 8 7 5 1 -of poly~inyl bu~rral having a thickness ~rom 15 to 60 mils (0381 to 1524 mm) and a polyester film having a thiekness from about 3 ~o about 15 mils (0.0762 ~:
to 0381 mm) is permanently bonded to an outer l~yer of the glass. The total thickness of the composite is not greater than about 2 mnL Anti-spalling and s penetratioD resistant s~ructures having an overall reduc~on in thickness of 20% or morc as compared to known glass laminatcs uscd in bullct rcsistant glazing applications a-c provided by this invcntion. Preferably, threc to seven plies of glass adhercd together with adbesivc layers of polyvi~l butyral are used. it is to bhe understood that the rclative ~hick~ness auld nu mb~er of plies of lO glass of the structurcs of this invention will be dctcrmi~ed by fhe ~thrcat levcl~,i.c. the size ~d velocity of projec~es w hicb are e~qpected to bhe -encountered.
The polyvinyl butyral adhesive sheeting may bc sclcctcd from thc many commercially available grades of plasticized polyvinyl bu~ral. a particularly desirable product of thc type disclosed in Moynihan, US Patent 4,292,372 is sold by E. I. Du Pont dc Ncmours and Company undcr the trademark Butacite. Other known adhesive material for glass laminates such as polyurethane may also be used. The polyester film may be of the type disclosed in Knox, US Patent 4,072,779, and may be coated witb an abrasion 2 o resistant material as disclosed in that patent. The glass may bc sclected in accordancewith ASI'M specifications, Designation C 1172-91. Tbe glass may bc tempcred or anncaled. Tempered glass is gencrally prefcrrcd.
Brief Descripdon of the Drawings -FIGS. 1 and 2 are sections through the edgc of a projcctile rcsistant laminatc according to the invendon.
Detailed Description Refcrring to FIG. 1, a projectile resistant lan~iDate comprises thrcc sheets l0, 12, and 14 of glass. Glass sheet 10 is positioned in a dircction likely to receive an impact from a projectile, e.g. a bullet, on its Iace 11.
Shccts 10, 12, and 14 are bonded togethcr by interlayers of poly~inyl butyral whicb arc from 15 to 60 mils (0.381 to 1.528 mm) thick. A polyetbylene tercphthalatc film 24 from 3 to 15 mils (0.0762 to 0.381 mm) thick is bonded 3s to glass sheet 14 by an interlayer of polyvinyl butyral.
5UBST~T~TE SH~T
WO 93/10973 PCI'/US91/08751 ~ 398' t':.~ 4~ -FIG. 2 shows the laminate of FIG. 1 having an abrasion resistant coating 26 adhered to the outer surface of polyethylene terephthalate film 24. Coating 26 may be a silanol coating from 1 to 20 ~ucrons thick of the type disclosed in US Pat. 4,469,743 and US Pat.
4,177,315.
The laminated structure of this invention may be prepared by known laminating methods. Polyvinyl butyral ~llm is interleaved between glass sheets 10, 12 and 14. ~A composite comprised of polyethylene terephthalate film 24 and polyvinyl butyral film 22 is then positioned over the rear face of glass sheet 14~ A coverplate is placed over the assembly, the assembly is edge taped and placed in an airtight bag and subjected to a ~ ~-vacuum. The evacuated assembly is then autoclaved while the bag is maintained under reduced pressure.
The invention will be further illustrated by the following e~amples.
EXAMPLES
Laminated glass test panels were prepared by sandwiching polyvinyl butyral sheeting having a thickness of 30 mils (0.762 mm) between 2 o one foot (304.8 rnm)squares of nominal 100 mil (2.54 mm) thick glass .
Selected panels included a composite bonded to an outer layer of one of the plies of Bass consisting of a layer of a Butacite~ polyvinyl butyral sheet having a thickness of 15 mils (0.381 mm) ~nd a polyester film having a thickness of ~-0.007 inch ~0.178 m). A Single shot from a .38 caliber handgun was fired at the center of each panel from a distance of 15 feet (4.572 m). Spall was -measured as grams of glass ejecting from the backside of the laminate. Spall designated "+ + + " was not measured but was estimated to be in the range from about 50 to 100 grams, designated "+ +" in the range from 10 to 15 grams, and "+" less than about 0.2 grams. The results of the tests are set out 3 o in the following table.
, ~ ....
WO 93/10973 PCI'/US91/08751 . ~
".~
!': i ; 1 21 2 3 9 8 0 , STANDARD GLASS COMPOSITE GLASS LAI~INATE
I,AMINATE
. ._ . . ............ .. _ NO. OF THIC~CNESSPE~NEI RATE SPALLTHIC~ESS PENETRATE SPALL
PLIE~S (mm~__ - ~(l~.m2 (mm) _ . (~ml 4 11.94 YES85.1 12 45NO 0.0 ~_ . -. _ 4 12 95NO 0.0 ~ _ _ ._ 4__ 12.45NO 0.0 4 12.45YES + + +
~ ... .
15.24 NO 10.3_15.75_ NO 0.0 15.24 NO + +15.49 _ NO 0.0 15.24 YES + + + 15.49 NO 0.0 _ NO 15.is NO 0.0 Y~S +~+
._ _ _ 6 18.3 NO 13.7 6 18_ NO + + _ 7 21.34 NO _ 9.5 7 21.34 NO 0.0_ 7 21.84 NO + +
8_ 24.38 NO 0.29 27.94 NO +9_ 27.94 NO +
Results similar to those obtained with 4 plies of glass plus a 5 composite as shown above are obtained using 3 plies of glass plus a composite having a total thickness of about 12.5 mm.
In TaUe 2 the data from Table 1 is condensed and reformated to show a percentage of penetration versus sample construction,thickness and the ratio of penetrations to the number of samples tested for each ~pe.
10 Focusing on the samples each with 4 plies of glass, the standard laminate waspenetrated, whereas the sample having the same number of plies plus the composite shield is only penetrated 2S% of the time. In tests where the composite was not penetrated, no spall was generated. This improvement resulted from the addition of a polyethylene terephthalate and polyvinyl butyral adhesive film of only 22 mils (Q559 mm) thick as compared to a glass laminate thickness of about O.S inch (12.7 mm) (an increase of 6.4~S in thickness). The same pattern can be seen for the samples each containing 5 plies of glass, where the number of data sets is greater. In this case, the ;
WO 93/10973 Pcr/vssl/o87~1 2~,398 ' '' addition of the composite reduces the penetration frequen~y from 40% to O~G
with an increase of only 3.3% in thickness. It is obvious when comparing 5 plies of Standard Glass Laminate that more protection is af~orded when 4 plies of the same thiclmess of glass is used in the Composite Glass Laminate 5 of the present iIIvention. Even increasing the laminate thickness to 0.6 inch (15.24 mm), (5 plies of laminated glass) only reduced the actual penetration to 40% (a 27.7% increase in thiclcness).To obtain 0% penetration unth the standard construction, 6 plies of glass were necessa~y.
STANDARD GL~SS COMPOSITE GL~SS L~MINATE
I~MINATE
No.~ TH~cNss . R~no sP~ THKNSS P~N~ RAno SPALL
PLIBS (mm) TR~TE . .__ ~m) (mm)_ TRAlE (~m) _ 4 11.94 100% 1/1 85.1 12.7 25% 1/4 0.0 . L_ _._ . .. _. .
15.24 40% _2l5 10.3 15.62 ~% 0/4 0 0 -6 18;3 O~Yo 0/2 ~ 13.7 7- 21.59 O~o 0/3 9 5 -. .. _ , . . _ 8 24.38 0%_ 0/1 0.2 - 9~ 27.94 oo~o-- 0/1 +
11 35.56 0% 0/1 0.0
Claims (3)
1. A multilayered glass laminate having enhanced resistance to spalling and penetration by high velocity projectiles consisting of from three to seven plies of glass, each ply having a thickness from 3.175 to 635 mm, with layers of plasticized polyvinyl butyral resin therebetween, said laminate having permanently bonded to an outer layer of one of said plies of glass a thin composite consisting of an adhesive, energy absorbing layer and a dimensionally stable, chemical resistant polyester film, said composite having a thickness not greater than about 2 mm, said polyester film having a thickness of from about 0.762 to 0.381mm and said adhesive layer having a thickness from about 0.381 to 1,524 mm.
2. The laminate of Claim 1 wherein said adhesive layer is plasticized polyvinyl butyral.
3. The laminate of Claim 2 wherein said polyester film is coated with an abrasion resistant coating.
Priority Applications (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP04509315A JP3073524B2 (en) | 1991-11-27 | 1991-11-27 | Multilayer glass laminates with enhanced resistance to penetration by high velocity projectiles |
| CA002123980A CA2123980A1 (en) | 1991-11-27 | 1991-11-27 | Multilayered glass laminate having enhanced resistance to penetration by high velocity projectiles |
| PCT/US1991/008751 WO1993010973A1 (en) | 1991-11-27 | 1991-11-27 | Multilayered glass laminate having enhanced resistance to penetration by high velocity projectiles |
| AU17504/92A AU660677B2 (en) | 1991-11-27 | 1991-11-27 | Multilayered glass laminate having enhanced resistance to penetration by high velocity projectiles |
| EP92910144A EP0621826A4 (en) | 1991-11-27 | 1991-11-27 | Multilayered glass laminate having enhanced resistance to penetration by high velocity projectiles. |
| BR9107330A BR9107330A (en) | 1991-11-27 | 1991-11-27 | Multilayer glass laminate with superior resistance to shattering and penetration of projectiles at high speed |
| KR1019940701780A KR100196753B1 (en) | 1991-11-27 | 1991-11-27 | Multilayered glass laminate having enhanced resistance to penetration by high velocity projectiles |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002123980A CA2123980A1 (en) | 1991-11-27 | 1991-11-27 | Multilayered glass laminate having enhanced resistance to penetration by high velocity projectiles |
| PCT/US1991/008751 WO1993010973A1 (en) | 1991-11-27 | 1991-11-27 | Multilayered glass laminate having enhanced resistance to penetration by high velocity projectiles |
| BR9107330A BR9107330A (en) | 1991-11-27 | 1991-11-27 | Multilayer glass laminate with superior resistance to shattering and penetration of projectiles at high speed |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2123980A1 true CA2123980A1 (en) | 1993-06-10 |
Family
ID=27160042
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002123980A Abandoned CA2123980A1 (en) | 1991-11-27 | 1991-11-27 | Multilayered glass laminate having enhanced resistance to penetration by high velocity projectiles |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0621826A4 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3073524B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100196753B1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU660677B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9107330A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2123980A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1993010973A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FI100009B (en) * | 1994-10-20 | 1997-08-15 | Tamglass Ltd Oy | Method and apparatus for laminating glass sheets |
| TW574161B (en) | 2000-03-02 | 2004-02-01 | Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd | Interlayer film for laminated glass and laminated glass |
| KR100372374B1 (en) * | 2000-10-30 | 2003-02-19 | 조동하 | Manufacture method of bulletproof glass |
| KR101025474B1 (en) * | 2008-11-26 | 2011-04-04 | 주식회사 휠코리아 | Bullet proof glass |
| EP2879868A4 (en) * | 2012-08-03 | 2016-04-13 | Corning Inc | Multi-layer transparent light-weight safety glazings |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2181635A1 (en) * | 1972-04-24 | 1973-12-07 | Ppg Industries Inc | Laminated glass - protected from abrasion and bursting |
| CA1024293A (en) * | 1972-08-28 | 1978-01-10 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Polymeric film, laminated structures including such polymeric film and articles made from such laminated structures |
| US4242403A (en) * | 1976-08-02 | 1980-12-30 | Libbey-Owens-Ford Company | Automotive glazing units and method of producing the same |
| US4956227A (en) * | 1988-11-16 | 1990-09-11 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd. | Laminated structure |
| US4952457A (en) * | 1988-12-05 | 1990-08-28 | Monsanto Company | Laminated safety glass and polymeric laminate for use therein |
-
1991
- 1991-11-27 CA CA002123980A patent/CA2123980A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-11-27 EP EP92910144A patent/EP0621826A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1991-11-27 AU AU17504/92A patent/AU660677B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1991-11-27 WO PCT/US1991/008751 patent/WO1993010973A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1991-11-27 JP JP04509315A patent/JP3073524B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-11-27 KR KR1019940701780A patent/KR100196753B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-11-27 BR BR9107330A patent/BR9107330A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR100196753B1 (en) | 1999-06-15 |
| EP0621826A1 (en) | 1994-11-02 |
| JPH07503414A (en) | 1995-04-13 |
| BR9107330A (en) | 1996-01-02 |
| EP0621826A4 (en) | 1995-04-26 |
| AU660677B2 (en) | 1995-07-06 |
| AU1750492A (en) | 1993-06-28 |
| JP3073524B2 (en) | 2000-08-07 |
| WO1993010973A1 (en) | 1993-06-10 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Dead |