AU660677B2 - Multilayered glass laminate having enhanced resistance to penetration by high velocity projectiles - Google Patents

Multilayered glass laminate having enhanced resistance to penetration by high velocity projectiles Download PDF

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Publication number
AU660677B2
AU660677B2 AU17504/92A AU1750492A AU660677B2 AU 660677 B2 AU660677 B2 AU 660677B2 AU 17504/92 A AU17504/92 A AU 17504/92A AU 1750492 A AU1750492 A AU 1750492A AU 660677 B2 AU660677 B2 AU 660677B2
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AU
Australia
Prior art keywords
glass
laminate
thickness
penetration
plies
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Ceased
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AU17504/92A
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AU1750492A (en
Inventor
Charles Anthony Smith
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EIDP Inc
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EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
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Publication of AU1750492A publication Critical patent/AU1750492A/en
Application granted granted Critical
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10064—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising at least two glass sheets, only one of which being an outer layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0407—Transparent bullet-proof laminatesinformative reference: layered products essentially comprising glass in general B32B17/06, e.g. B32B17/10009; manufacture or composition of glass, e.g. joining glass to glass C03; permanent multiple-glazing windows, e.g. with spacing therebetween, E06B3/66
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/56—Damping, energy absorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/584—Scratch resistance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
    • B32B2307/734—Dimensional stability
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2571/00—Protective equipment
    • B32B2571/02—Protective equipment defensive, e.g. armour plates, anti-ballistic clothing

Description

OPI DATE 28/06/93 AOJP DATE 02/09/93 PPLN. ID 1504/92III PCT NUMBER PCT/US91/0875111 AU9217504
(PCT)
(51) International Patent Clas ification 5 (11) International Publication Number: WO 93/10973 B32B 17/10, 27/08 Al (43) International Publication Date: 10 June 1993 (10.06.93) (21) International Application Number: PCT/US91/08751 Published With international search report.
(22) International Filing Date: 27 November 1991 (27.11.91) With amended claims.
(71) Applicant (for all designated States except US): E.I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS AND COMPANY [US/US]; 1007 Market Street, Wilmington, DE 19898 ;US).
(72) Inventor; and Inventor/Applicant (for US only) SMITH, Charles, Anthony [US/US]; 3 Lynnwood Drive, Vienna, WV 26105
(US).
(74) Agents: CORLE, James, T. et al.; E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Legal/Patent Records Center, 1007 Market Street, Wilmington, DE 19898 (US).
(81) Designated States: AU, BB, BG, BR, CA, CS, FI, HU, JP, KP, KR, LK, MC, MG, MN, MW, NO, PL, RO, SD, SU, US, European patent (AT, BE, CH, DE, DK, ES, FR, GB, GR, IT, LU, NL, SE), OAPI patent (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, ML, MR, SN, TD, TG).
(54) Title: MULTILAYERED GLASS LAMINATE HAVING ENHANCED RESISTANCE TO PENETRATION BY HIGH VELOCITY PROJECTILES lO V V N V V V 16 18 24 14 24 22 (57) Abstract A multilayered glass laminate having enhanced resistance to spalling and penetration by high velocity projectiles consists of at least three plies of glass 12, 14) with layers of plasticized polyvinyl butyral (16, 18, 20) therebetween and having permanently bonded to an outer layer of one of said plies of glass (14) a thin composite consisting of an adhesive energy absorbing layer (22) and a dimensionally stable polyester film (24).
WO 93/10973 PCr/US9, /088?5 1
TITLE
MULTILAYERED GLASS LAMINATE HAVING ENHANCED RESISTANCE TO PENETRATION BY HIGH VELOCITY PROJECTILES BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to glass laminates having enhanced resistance to penetration by high velocity projectiles. More particularly, the invention relates to relatively thin glass laminates which not only stop glass from spalling when impacted by small and medium caliber bullets but also stops penetration of the laminates by the bullets or other small high velocity projectiles.
Various types of transparent laminated structures have been disclosed for protecting personnel from flying splinters and fragments of glazing materials which are released when a high velocity projectile strikes the structure. In U.S. 3,658,636 thick plates of an amorphous polyamide are formed into a sandwich structure with silicate glass. U.S. 2,861,021 describes a structure in which polymethyl methacrylate sheets are laminated with 2 0 polyvinyl butyral and faced with a layer of a polyamide, polyester or regenerated cellulose sheet. Multiple plies of glass and polyvinyl butyral are used in combination with a plastic interlayer as an impact absorption section in the structure disclosed in U.S. 4,130,684.
The problem of spalling of an anti-abrasion layer which is applied to a laminate using polycarbonate sheets is addressed in U.S. 4,812,359 by applying a thin polycarbonate sheet having an abrasion-resistant self-healing coating. A similar laminate which includes an internal elastic expansion core with a thin polycarbonate sheet covered with an antiabrasive which can be replaced is disclosed in U.S. 4,879,183. British Patent 828,381 discloses a five layer laminate consisting of two layers of glass, two layers of polyvinyl butyrate and a central layer of polyethylene terephthalate. Published UK Application 2 156 736A discloses an impact resistant laminate comprising a number of glass sheets which are laminated together with a rear polycarbonate sheet which is said to be resistant to spalling.
A problem with most "bullet resistant" structures is that they have a thickness in excess of that which can be accommodated in usual glazing applications. Some structures are effective in controlling spalling but are not effective in stopping penetration of the larninate by a projectile. Most of the structures re!y n incorporating layers of various materials in the laminated structure. This complicates manufacture and increases costs since different materials require different laminating techniques.
It has been found that by p-rmanently bonding a very thin composite consisting of an adhesive layer and a dimensionally stable polyester film to multiple plies of glass with layers of plasticized polyvinyl butyral there between, a glass laminate of substantially reduced thickness is provided which is capable of resisting penetration of high velocity projectiles with little, if any, spalling from the inner rear face of the laminate.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION This invertion provides a laminated glazing to which is S-attached a permanent, energy absorbing thin plastic composite 2 consisting of an adhesive energy absorbing layer, such as polyvinyl butyral, and a strong, dimensionally stable, chemical and abrasion resistant layer, such as a layer of polyester film which may be coated with a polysiloxane or other abrasion resistant coating. The e: thin plastic composite prevents spalling from the surface of the Soe: glazing to which it has been laminated. Surprisingly, in addition to stopping glass from spalling, the composite increases the integrity and penetration resistance of the constructions to which it is laminated when they are impacted by bullets or other projectiles 'estriking the opposite surface. By retaining the surface glass and holding the construction together, and by other mechanisms not fully understood, penetration resistance is substantially enhanced 315/95JB17504.NP,2 far beyond what would be expected of such a thin composite structure.
In accordance with this invention there is provided a multilayered glass laminate having enhanced resistance to spalling and penetration by high velocity projectiles consisting of from three to sevan plies of glass, each ply having a thickness from 3.175 to 6.35 mm, with layers of plasticized polyvinyl butyral resin therebetween, said laminate having permanently bonded to an outer layer of one of said plies of glass a thin composite consisting of an adhesive, energy absorbing layer and a dimensionally stable, chemical resistant polyester film, said composite having a thickness not greater than 2 mm, said polyester film having a thickness of from 0.0762 to 0.381 mm and said adhesive layer having a thickness from 0.381 to 1.524 mm. Anti-spalling and penetration resistant structures having an overall reduction in thickness of 20% or more as compared to known glass laminates used in bullet resistant glazing applications are provided by this invention. Preferably, three to seven plies of glass adhered together with adhesive layers of the preferred polyviny), butyral are used. I; to be understood that the relative thickness and number of plies of glass of the structures of this invention will be determined by the "threat level", i.e. the size and velocity of projectiles which are expected to be encountered.
The polyvinyl butyral adhesive sheeting may be selected from the many commercially available grades of plasticized polyvinyl butyral. A particularly desirable product of the type disclosed in Moynihan, US Patent 4,292,372 is sold by E.I. Dq Pont de Nemours and Company under the trademark Butacite®.
Other known adhesive material for glass laminates such as polyurethane may also be used. The polyester film may be of the type disclosed in Know, US Patent 4,072,779, and may be coated 3/5195JB17504.NP,2 3 with an abrasion resistant material as disclosed in that patent. The glass may be selected in accordance with ASTM specifications, Designation C 1172-91. The glass may be tempered or annealed.
Tempered glass is generally preferred.
Brief Description of the Drawings FIGS. 1 and 2 are sections through the edge of a projectile resistant laminate according to the invention.
Detailed Description Referring to FIG. 1, a projectile resistant laminate comprises three sheets 10, 12 and 14 of glass. Glass sheet 10 is positioned in a direction likely to receive an impact from a projectile, e.g. a bullet, on its face 11. Sheets 10, 12 and 14 are bonded together by interlayers of polyvinyl butyral which are from 15 to 60 mils (0.381 to 1.528 mm) thick. A polyethylene terephthalate film 24 from 3 to 15 mils (0.0762 to 0.381 mm) thick is bonded to glass sheet 14 by an interlayer of polyvinyl butyral.
•iv•: ,p go 3/5/95JB17504.NP,3 WO 93/10973 PCT/US91/08751 4 FIG. 2 shows the laminate of FIG. 1 having an abrasion resistant coating 26 adhered to the outer surface of polyethylene terephthalate film 24. Coating 26 may be a silanol coating from 1 to microns thick of the type disclosed in US Pat. 4,469,743 and US Pat.
4,177,315.
The laminated structure of this invention may be prepared by known laminating methods. Polyvinyl butyral film is interleaved between glass sheets 10, 12 and 14. A composite comprised of polyethylene terephthalate film 24 and polyvinyl butyral film 22 is then positioned over the ear face of glass sheet 14. A coverplate is placed over the assembly, the assembly is edge taped and placed in an airtight bag and subjected to a vacuum. The evacuated assembly is then autoclaved while the bag is maintained under reduced pressure.
The invention will be further illustrated by the following examples.
EXAMPLES
Laminated glass test panels were prepared by sandwiching polyvinyl butyral sheeting having a thickness of 30 mils (0.762 mm) between 2 0 one foot (304.8 mm)squares of nominal 100 mil (2.54 mm) thick glass.
Selected panels included a composite bonded to an outer layer of one of the plies of glass consisting of a layer of a Butacite® polyvinyl butyral sheet having a thickness of 15 mils (0.381 mm) and a polyester film having a thickness of 0.007 inch (0.178 A Single shot from a .38 caliber handgun was fired at the center of each panel from a distance of 15 feet (4.572 Spall was measured as grams of glass ejecting from the backside of the laminate. Spall designated was not measured but was estimated to be in the range from about 50 to 100 grams, designated in the range from 10 to grams, and less than about 0.2 grams. The results of the tests are set out in the following table.
WO 93/10973 Pcr'/US91/08751 TABLE I STANDARD GLASS COMPOSITE GLASS LAMINATE
LAMINATE
NO. OF THICKNESS PENETRATE SPALL THICKNESS PENETRATE SPALL PLIES (mM) (gr) (mM) 0(9n) 4 11.94 YES 85.1 12.45 NO 0.0 4 12.95 NO 0.0 4 12.45 NO 0.0 4 12.45 YES 15.24 NO 10.3 15.75 NO 0.0 15.24 NO 15.49 NO 0.0 15.24 YES 15.49 NO 0.0 15 NO 15.75 NO 0.0 15 YES 6 18.3 NO 13.7 6 18 NO 7 21.34 NO 9.5 J 7 21.34 NO 0.0 7 21.84 NO 8 24.38 NO 0.29 27.94 NO 9 27.94 NO Results similar to those obtained with 4 plies of glass plus a composite as shown above are obtained using 3 plies of glass plus a composite having a total thickness of about 12.5 nam.
In Table 2 the data from Table 1 is condensed and reformated to show a percentage of penetration versus sample constructionthickness and the ratio of penetrations to the number of samples tested for each type.
Focusing on the samples each with 4 plies of glass, the standard laminate was penetrated, whereas the sample having the same number of plies plus the composite shield is only penetrated 25% of the time. In tests where the composite was not penetrated, no spall was generated. This improvement resulted from the addition of a polyethylene terephthalate and polyvinyl butyral adhesive film of only 22 mils (0.559 mm) thick as compared to a glass laminate thickness of about 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) (an increase of 6.4% in thickioess). The same pattern can be seen for the samples each containing plies of glass, where the number of data sets is greater. In this case, the WO 93/10973 PC/US91/08751 6 addition of the composite reduces the penetration frequency from 40% to 0% with an increase of only 3.3% in thickness. It is obvious when comparing plies of Standard Glass Laminate that more protection is afforded when 4 plies of the same thickness of glass is used in the Composite Glass Laminate of the present invention. Even increasing the laminate thickness to 0.6 inch (15.24 mm), (5 plies of laminated glass) only reduced the actual penetration to 40% (a 27.7% increase in thickness).To obtain 0% penetration with the standard construction, 6 plies of glass were necessary.
.0 TABLE 2 STANDARD GLASS COMPOSITE GLASS LAMINATE
LAMINATE
NO. THKNSS PENE- RATIO SPALL YHKNSS PENE- RATIO SPALL PLIES (mm) TRATE (gn) (mm) TRATE (gm) 4 11.94 100% 1/1 85.1 12.7 25% 1/4 0.0 15.24 40% 2/5 10.3 15.62 0% 0/4 0.0 6 18.3 0% 0/2 13.7 7 21.59 0% 0/3 8 24.38 0% 0/1 0.2 9 27.94 0% 0/1 11 35.56 0% 0/1 0.0

Claims (3)

1. A multilayered glass laminate having enhanced resistance to spalling and penetration by high velocity projectiles consisting of from three to seven plies of glass, each ply having a thickness from 3.175 to 6.35 mm, with layers of plasticized polyvinyl butyral resin therebetween, said laminate having permanently bonded to an outer layer of one of said plies of glass a thin composite consisting of an adhesive, energy absorbing layer and a dimensionally stable, chemical resistant polyester film, said composite having a thickness not greater than 2 mm, said polyester film having a thickness of from 0.0762 to 0.381 mm and said adhesive layer having a thickness from 0.381 to 1.524 mm.
2. The laminate of Claim 1 wherein said adhesive layer is plasticized polyvinyl butyral.
3. The laminate of Claim 2 wherein said polyester film is coated with an abrasion resistant coating. DATED this 3rd day of May, 1995. 20 E.I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS AND COMPANY a By their Patent Attorneys: CALLINAN LAWRIE o* 0 i Q *o j 3/5/95JB17504.NP,7
AU17504/92A 1991-11-27 1991-11-27 Multilayered glass laminate having enhanced resistance to penetration by high velocity projectiles Ceased AU660677B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BR9107330A BR9107330A (en) 1991-11-27 1991-11-27 Multilayer glass laminate with superior resistance to shattering and penetration of projectiles at high speed
CA002123980A CA2123980A1 (en) 1991-11-27 1991-11-27 Multilayered glass laminate having enhanced resistance to penetration by high velocity projectiles
PCT/US1991/008751 WO1993010973A1 (en) 1991-11-27 1991-11-27 Multilayered glass laminate having enhanced resistance to penetration by high velocity projectiles

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
AU1750492A AU1750492A (en) 1993-06-28
AU660677B2 true AU660677B2 (en) 1995-07-06

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AU17504/92A Ceased AU660677B2 (en) 1991-11-27 1991-11-27 Multilayered glass laminate having enhanced resistance to penetration by high velocity projectiles

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EP (1) EP0621826A4 (en)
JP (1) JP3073524B2 (en)
KR (1) KR100196753B1 (en)
AU (1) AU660677B2 (en)
BR (1) BR9107330A (en)
CA (1) CA2123980A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1993010973A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI100009B (en) * 1994-10-20 1997-08-15 Tamglass Ltd Oy Method and apparatus for laminating glass sheets
WO2001064598A1 (en) 2000-03-02 2001-09-07 Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. Interlayer film for laminated glass and laminated glass
KR100372374B1 (en) * 2000-10-30 2003-02-19 조동하 Manufacture method of bulletproof glass
KR101025474B1 (en) * 2008-11-26 2011-04-04 주식회사 휠코리아 Bullet proof glass
US20150202845A1 (en) * 2012-08-03 2015-07-23 Corning Incorporated Multi-layer transparent light-weight safety glazings

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4072779A (en) * 1972-08-28 1978-02-07 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Polyethylene terephthalate film
US4242403A (en) * 1976-08-02 1980-12-30 Libbey-Owens-Ford Company Automotive glazing units and method of producing the same
US4956227A (en) * 1988-11-16 1990-09-11 Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd. Laminated structure

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2181635A1 (en) * 1972-04-24 1973-12-07 Ppg Industries Inc Laminated glass - protected from abrasion and bursting
US4952457A (en) * 1988-12-05 1990-08-28 Monsanto Company Laminated safety glass and polymeric laminate for use therein

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4072779A (en) * 1972-08-28 1978-02-07 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Polyethylene terephthalate film
US4242403A (en) * 1976-08-02 1980-12-30 Libbey-Owens-Ford Company Automotive glazing units and method of producing the same
US4956227A (en) * 1988-11-16 1990-09-11 Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd. Laminated structure

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Publication number Publication date
EP0621826A1 (en) 1994-11-02
EP0621826A4 (en) 1995-04-26
JP3073524B2 (en) 2000-08-07
WO1993010973A1 (en) 1993-06-10
JPH07503414A (en) 1995-04-13
CA2123980A1 (en) 1993-06-10
BR9107330A (en) 1996-01-02
KR100196753B1 (en) 1999-06-15
AU1750492A (en) 1993-06-28

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