CA2122250C - Method for testing containers, use of the method, and a testing device - Google Patents
Method for testing containers, use of the method, and a testing device Download PDFInfo
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- CA2122250C CA2122250C CA002122250A CA2122250A CA2122250C CA 2122250 C CA2122250 C CA 2122250C CA 002122250 A CA002122250 A CA 002122250A CA 2122250 A CA2122250 A CA 2122250A CA 2122250 C CA2122250 C CA 2122250C
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/26—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors
- G01M3/32—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for containers, e.g. radiators
- G01M3/3281—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for containers, e.g. radiators removably mounted in a test cell
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/26—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors
- G01M3/32—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for containers, e.g. radiators
- G01M3/3236—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for containers, e.g. radiators by monitoring the interior space of the containers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/26—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors
- G01M3/32—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for containers, e.g. radiators
- G01M3/3236—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for containers, e.g. radiators by monitoring the interior space of the containers
- G01M3/3272—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for containers, e.g. radiators by monitoring the interior space of the containers for verifying the internal pressure of closed containers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/26—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors
- G01M3/32—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for containers, e.g. radiators
- G01M3/3281—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for containers, e.g. radiators removably mounted in a test cell
- G01M3/329—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for containers, e.g. radiators removably mounted in a test cell for verifying the internal pressure of closed containers
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)
- Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
- Automatic Analysis And Handling Materials Therefor (AREA)
- Measurement Of Levels Of Liquids Or Fluent Solid Materials (AREA)
- Packages (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Table Devices Or Equipment (AREA)
- Devices For Use In Laboratory Experiments (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention concerns a method and device for testing containers, the method calling for a difference in pressure to be generated between the pressure inside the container and the pressure immediately surrounding the container, the behaviour of one of these pressures permitting the gastightness of the container to be assessed. A pressure value is stored and subsequently compared with one of the pressures, the stored pressure value being stored electronically and compared with at least one value of the output signal from a pressure sensor. The container is housed in an enclosure which is connected to a pressure or suction line, and a pressure-value storage unit, a comparator unit and a pressure sensor are associated with the pressure or suction line.
Description
METHOD FOR TESTING CONTAINERS, USE OF THE METHOD, AND A TESTING DEVICE
This invention pertains to a method for manufacturing tight containers and a testing device and arrangement for testing containers.
This invention pertains to a testing device such as is known from US-PS 5,029,464 and EP-A-O 313 678 and EP-A-O 432 143.
From these items a way is known that a pressure differential is to be created between a pressure in the interior of the container and a pressure in said container's environment in order to test the gas tightness of containers and, from the behavior of one of the pressures, it is to be established whether the container under test satisfies the gas-tightness conditions or volume conditions or not.
In this process the container to be tested is placed in a sealing chamber that is connected to a pressure medium source or a suction source; said arrangement is_to be used to create the above-mentioned pressure differential. After the pressure differential is created, a pressure value for the environment of the container is stored as a starting condition in a reference pressure chamber, which is placed in front of a pressure differential sensor, and is compared with subsequent pressure values for the environment of the container.
The above-mentioned documents are thus declared to be an integral part of the present description.
A drawback to the known method is the fact that a pressure differential sensor with extremely accurate control valves must be provided to ensure that even very small leaks or slight deviations of the container volume from a nominal volume are detected.
This invention pertains to a method for manufacturing tight containers and a testing device and arrangement for testing containers.
This invention pertains to a testing device such as is known from US-PS 5,029,464 and EP-A-O 313 678 and EP-A-O 432 143.
From these items a way is known that a pressure differential is to be created between a pressure in the interior of the container and a pressure in said container's environment in order to test the gas tightness of containers and, from the behavior of one of the pressures, it is to be established whether the container under test satisfies the gas-tightness conditions or volume conditions or not.
In this process the container to be tested is placed in a sealing chamber that is connected to a pressure medium source or a suction source; said arrangement is_to be used to create the above-mentioned pressure differential. After the pressure differential is created, a pressure value for the environment of the container is stored as a starting condition in a reference pressure chamber, which is placed in front of a pressure differential sensor, and is compared with subsequent pressure values for the environment of the container.
The above-mentioned documents are thus declared to be an integral part of the present description.
A drawback to the known method is the fact that a pressure differential sensor with extremely accurate control valves must be provided to ensure that even very small leaks or slight deviations of the container volume from a nominal volume are detected.
The goal set for the present invention is to simplify this known method significantly. The present invention accordingly provides a method for manufacturing containers which are tested on predetermined test conditions, in which containers are construed and a pressure difference is created between a pressure inside the container and a pressure in its environment, and from the behavior of one of the pressures it is established whether the container satisfies predetermined test conditions, wherein, after said one of the pressures reaches a predetermined test value as said pressure difference is being created and after creation of said pressure differences, in an equalization phase said one of said pressures rereaches said predetermined test value, the change in pressure of said one of the pressures is measured with a pressure sensor and with respect to said predetermined test value immediately after the time at which said one of said pressures rereaches said predetermined test value and utilizing results of said measuring for establishing whether the container satisfies said predetermined test conditions.
The present invention also provides a test arrangement for testing containers, said arrangement comprising a pressure or suction source, which can be effectively connected to a container to be tested with respect to its interior and exterior pressure for creating a pressure difference between said interior and exterior pressures, at least one pressure sensor, an electronic pressure-value storage arrangement and a comparator unit, wherein the pressure sensor is a converter that converts an input-side pressure value into an output-side electrical signal, and means for feeding the output of the sensor, on the one hand, and the output of said electronic pressure-value storage arrangement, on the other to said comparator unit to commence a measuring test interval at a point in time immediately after the input-side pressure value of said sensor reaches a predetermined test value as said pressure difference is being created and after creation of said pressure difference, in an equalization phase said one of said pressures rereaches said predetermined test value.
The present invention further provides a method for manufacturing a tight container comprising: construing a container; establishing a differential pressure between a first pressure in the interior of said container and a second pressure in the vicinity of said container; monitoring at least one of said first and second pressures and generating an electrical monitoring output signal; storing said electrical output signal at a first moment to generate a stored signal; comparing said electrical output signal at a second deferred moment with said stored signal and concluding from a result signal of said comparing, whether said container is tight or not; further comparing said stored signal with said electric output signal at said first moment, the result signal of said further comparing being exploited as a zero offset signal.
Accordingly, a pressure differential sensor is no longer used, nor are pneumatic storage chambers; instead, the pressure that is of interest is determined by means of a relative-pressure sensor and converted into an electrical signal; when checking for leaks, this signal is stored at a predetermined time and compared with at least one subsequent value that is determined by this same sensor. When checking volume, a pressure value is pre-specified and stored as a basis for comparison. This obviates the need for awkward devices of the previously known type, namely the pressure differential sensor and, in particular, the stop valves that are quite difficult as regards control characteristics.
The method of the invention is implemented in a configuration wherein an electrical output signal of the sensor is compared to one or more predetermined values, e.g., on a computer into which the sensor output is entered. A
value of the sensor output signal is stored as a pressure value. Either the pressure in the interior of the container or that in the environment of the container is increased or decreased, and a value of the pressure in the container or in the environment of the container is measured.
In a preferred embodiment, both the source connection to admit the pressure medium or to ensure suction and the sensor input are hooked up to either the interior of the container or the container's environment.
The creation of the pressure differential can be done in different ways, with which the specialist is well acquainted from the above-mentioned documents. Thus, for example, the pressure differential can be created by carrying out pressurization or suction at a predetermined level for a predetermined time, and then analyzing both a pressure value that is reached and its plot. In addition, pressurization can be done to a predetermined pressure differential, and then the plot of the pressure value that is of interest can be observed.
As is known from the above-mentioned documents, pressurization can also be accomplished by precharging a pre-chamber to a predetermined pressure and then discharging said chamber into the container or into an enclosure that is formed by a sealable chamber.
When checking volume, a volume that is dependent on the volume of the container, either the interior volume of said container itself or its volume differential compared to a testing chamber, can be pressurized by a predetermined quantity of pressure medium, or a predetermined amount of gas can be removed from this volume. The volume of the container is then determined from the resulting pressure.
4a Of course, the values that are measured are compared with nominal values or nominal plots, as is also known from the above-mentioned documents.
Storage, wherein the pressure in the environment of the container is increased or decreased and a value of the pressure of the environment of the container is measured, is preferably undertaken in such a way that, with control at a predetermined time, an analog/digital converter is enabled to convert the sensor output signal, and the then stationary output signal of this analog/digital converter is used as a reference value for the subsequent analysis of the sensor output signal. In this process, either another analog/digital converter can be installed behind the sensor output and the output signal of the latter converter can then be digitally compared to that of the storage unit A/D
converter or, preferably, a D/A converter is placed immediately behind the storage A/D converter and thus the stored, re-converted signal is fed as an analog reference signal to an analog comparator unit, to which the output signal of the sensor is also fed directly.
In addition, and wherein the pressure in the environment of the container is increased or decreased and a value of the pressure of the environment is measured, a null balance is preferably undertaken by determining, essentially during the value storage process at the comparator, whether an output signal of the device encompasses the null value, at least approximately; if a signal appears that deviates from the null value or from a predetermined minimum value, then said signal is used as a null-balance signal.
Preferred embodiments of the test arrangement of the invention for testing containers comprise a pressure or suction source which can be effectively connected to a container to be tested with respect to its interior and exterior pressure, at least one pressure sensor, an 4b electronic pressure-value storage arrangement and a comparator unit. The pressure sensor is a converter that converts an input-side pressure value into an output-side electrical signal. Means are provided for feeding the output of the sensor, on one hand, and the output of the electronic pressure-value storage arrangement, on the other to the comparator unit to commence a measuring test interval at a point in time immediately after the input-side pressure value of the sensor reaches risingly a predetermined test value and rereaches the predetermined test value diminishingly.
The invention is hereinafter explained by way of examples, using figures.
Here:
Fig. 1 shows a schematic of an arrangement of the invention, in which the pressurization source and suction source are connected to the environment of the container;
Fig. 2 shows a schematic, as per Fig. 1, of a section of the system as shown in Fig. 1, in another embodiment;
Fig. 3 similar to Fig. 2, shows the section of a third embodiment;
Fig. 4 similar to Fig. 2, shows the section of another preferred embodiment;
Fig. 5 shows a functional block diagram of a preferred arrangement as described by the invention for implementing a test method of the invention;
Fig. 6 provides a purely schematic illustration of the plot of a measurement curve.
As mentioned, Fig. 1 schematically depicts a closed container 1 that is to be checked for leaks or to determine its volume; said container may, for example, be already filled and be in a testing chamber 3. Chamber 3 can be sealed by means of, for example, insert cover 5. Via a controlled valve 7, the test volume, here the volume differential between chamber 3 and container l, is pressurized by means of a suction or pressure source 9 in such a way that a pressure gradient is created across the walls of container 1. In this embodiment, source 9 empties into chamber 3.
At or in chamber 3 is another relative-pressure sensor 11, which converts the input-side pressure value into an electrical output signal. Via a storage control circuit, as indicated in the schematic by S, electrical output signal el from sensor 11 is stored in a storage unit 13 in response to a control signal s that is emitted by a time control unit (not shown). Output signal elofrom storage unit 13 is fed to a comparator unit 15 as a pressure reference value. Output signal el of sensor 11 is present directly at said comparator unit's second input. After reference value elo is stored, the plot of the pressure in chamber 3 is monitored at compa~ator unit 15.
Let us now first consider leakage testing. If container 1 is sealed and storage has been done in storage unit 13, then sensor output signal el will remain at stored value e1o once all differential-induced shape changes in container 1 have subsided. On the output side of comparator 15, a comparison result that at least approximately equals zero indicates that container 1 is sealed.
If leaks are present in container 1, after reference value elo is stored as mentioned signal value el will vary depending on the direction of the pressure gradient across the container wall; the higher the rate of variation, the larger the leak. On the output side of comparator 15 there will be an output signal. The value of this output signal is a function of the change in pressure in chamber 3 from the reference pressure associated with the stored pressure reference value elo.
Comparing the output signal of comparator unit 15 with predetermined nominal values (not shown) provides an indication, on the one hand, as to whether a leak is present as well as, on the other, as to how large said leak is.
Depending on the containers to be tested, minor leaks may be tolerated.
If the leak in container 1 is large, then absolutely no pressure differential will develop across the walls of container 1: the pressures between the interior of the container and its environment will quickly equalize via the leak. Then, however, on the output side of comparator 15 a null signal will appear, i.e., just as in the case of a sealed container, and lead to testing errors.
Therefore, as indicated by the dotted lines; preferably after value elo is stored in storage unit 13, this stored value is compared to a reference value ref at another comparator unit 17. The output signal of other comparator unit 17 indicates whether a large leak is present or not. Either when a predetermined amount of pressure medium is allowed to enter chamber 3 or when a predetermined amount of gas is removed from said chamber, in the case of a large leak the pressure value indicated by reference value ref will not be reached;
this will cause the test result at container 1 to be indicated by the output signal of other comparator 17.
To test volume, a predetermined amount of pressure medium is fed to chamber 3 or a predetermined amount of gas is removed therefrom. As indicated by dotted lines at refs, storage unit 13 is used here as a reference-value storage unit in which reference values corresponding to the nominal volumes of containers that are to be tested are prestored. By comparing above-mentioned volume reference values refs and the pressure value that actually arises corresponding to el in the volume differential in chamber 3 that is dependent on the interior volume of container 1, i.e., from the output signal of comparator unit 15, a determination is made as to whether container 1 has nominal volume or not, or how large the nominal/actual volume differential is.
In the case of the embodiment shown in Fig. 2, where the references used in Fig. 1 are used for the same parts, only source 9 empties into chamber 3. Via a sealed closure 19, the input of sensor 11 is connected to the interior of container 1 that is fitted with an opening. The electronic analyzer, which is placed behind sensor 11, is depicted just as in Fig. 1.
As in Fig. 2, Fig. 3 shows another variant in which, compared to Fig. 2, the arrangements of source 9 and sensor 11 are switched.
In the case of the arrangement shown in Fig. 4, on the one hand source 9 empties into the interior of a container 1 via sealing connection 19 [and on the other] the input of sensor 11 is connected to the interior of container 1. The electronic analyzer shown in Fig. 1, to which sensor 11 is connected, is provided here as well. The embodiment shown in Fig. 1 or Fig. 4 is preferably used.
Fig. 5 shows, in the form of a block diagram, a preferred embodiment of analysis unit I that is partially outlined with dotted lines in Fig. 1. In the preferred embodiment, the output signal of sensor 11 is fed to a converter stage 21, which on the input side comprises an analog/digital converter 21a, which is immediately followed by an digital/analog converter 21b. Like the output signal of sensor 11, the output of digital/analog converter 21b is fed to a differential amplifier unit 23 that is of a known design. The output of differential amplifier unit 23, corresponding to comparator unit 15 of Fig. 1, is connected to another amplifier stage 25, whose output is overlaid 28 on the input signal to amplifier 25 via a storage element 27.
Converter unit 21 and storage unit 27 are controlled via a timing signal generator 29. This arrangement works as follows To store value elo as shown in Fig. 1, from timing signal generator 29 at measurement point tl in Fig. 6 after the pressure reaches risingly a predetermined test value 1 and rereaches the predetermined test value diminishingly as shown in Fig. 6, a conversion cycle at converter unit 21 is enabled, at which point signal value eloappears at the input of differential amplifier unit 23. At essentially the same time, timing signal generator 29 preferably actuates storage unit 27, causing the output signal value of amplifier 25 to be fed back as a null-value-balance signal to the amplifier input. If when value elo was stored the output signal of amplifier 25 was not equal to zero, then this signal value is used as a null compensation signal via storage unit 27. By nulling the signal from amplifier stage 25 at time tl in Fig. 6, the output signal from amplifier stage 25 from time tl over the measuring time interval from tl to t2 will be a function of the change in pressure in chamber 3 from the reference pressure associated with the stored value e1o at time ti. Thus, the arrangement permits the direct measurement of the change in pressure in the chamber during the measuring time interval tl-tZ using pressure sensor 11, without the need for use of a reference pressure chamber or a differential pressure sensor as in the prior art.
As indicated in reference to Fig. 1, the detection of major leaks can be done in different ways by, e.g., feeding the output signal value of converter unit 21 to another 9a comparator (not shown), where said output signal value is compared to reference signal value ref as indicated in Fig. 1 or, as indicated by dotted lines at S1, by switching the differential amplifier output, which is otherwise connected to sensor 11, to a reference potential, such as to ground, immediately before or after, and preferably after, storage unit 27 is set, and then on the output side of amplifier unit 25 directly testing the value of e1o to 1~
determine whether said value has reached the reference value as per ref of Fig. 1 or not.
Unlike what is indicated in the case of the preferred embodiments mentioned above, it is readily possible to omit the second converter stage, namely digital/analog converter 21b, and instead, as indicated at 22b by dotted lines, to provide an analog/digital converter and then subsequently to process both signals, i.e., elo and el, digitally.
To check volume, either volume reference values are pre-entered at converter unit 21, provided, as indicated by dotted lines at refs, or another digital storage unit is connected to digital/analog converter 21b directly in order to convert input digital volume reference values into the corresponding analog signals and thus to use the arrangement shown to perform volume measurement as well.
The unit that is shown is exceptionally well suited for in-line testing of containers such as in a carrousel conveyor for, e.g., bottles, plastic bottles, etc.
In principle, it is also possible, after a predetermined test pressure is reached, to compare the electrical output signal of the sensor to this value or to several pre-entered values; this can be done on, e.g., a computer, where the sensor output is read in. The differential with respect to the set test pressure, i.e., the pressure drop, is determined by computer (compared to a boundary value entered into the computer or to a value that is determined from a reference leak) .
The present invention also provides a test arrangement for testing containers, said arrangement comprising a pressure or suction source, which can be effectively connected to a container to be tested with respect to its interior and exterior pressure for creating a pressure difference between said interior and exterior pressures, at least one pressure sensor, an electronic pressure-value storage arrangement and a comparator unit, wherein the pressure sensor is a converter that converts an input-side pressure value into an output-side electrical signal, and means for feeding the output of the sensor, on the one hand, and the output of said electronic pressure-value storage arrangement, on the other to said comparator unit to commence a measuring test interval at a point in time immediately after the input-side pressure value of said sensor reaches a predetermined test value as said pressure difference is being created and after creation of said pressure difference, in an equalization phase said one of said pressures rereaches said predetermined test value.
The present invention further provides a method for manufacturing a tight container comprising: construing a container; establishing a differential pressure between a first pressure in the interior of said container and a second pressure in the vicinity of said container; monitoring at least one of said first and second pressures and generating an electrical monitoring output signal; storing said electrical output signal at a first moment to generate a stored signal; comparing said electrical output signal at a second deferred moment with said stored signal and concluding from a result signal of said comparing, whether said container is tight or not; further comparing said stored signal with said electric output signal at said first moment, the result signal of said further comparing being exploited as a zero offset signal.
Accordingly, a pressure differential sensor is no longer used, nor are pneumatic storage chambers; instead, the pressure that is of interest is determined by means of a relative-pressure sensor and converted into an electrical signal; when checking for leaks, this signal is stored at a predetermined time and compared with at least one subsequent value that is determined by this same sensor. When checking volume, a pressure value is pre-specified and stored as a basis for comparison. This obviates the need for awkward devices of the previously known type, namely the pressure differential sensor and, in particular, the stop valves that are quite difficult as regards control characteristics.
The method of the invention is implemented in a configuration wherein an electrical output signal of the sensor is compared to one or more predetermined values, e.g., on a computer into which the sensor output is entered. A
value of the sensor output signal is stored as a pressure value. Either the pressure in the interior of the container or that in the environment of the container is increased or decreased, and a value of the pressure in the container or in the environment of the container is measured.
In a preferred embodiment, both the source connection to admit the pressure medium or to ensure suction and the sensor input are hooked up to either the interior of the container or the container's environment.
The creation of the pressure differential can be done in different ways, with which the specialist is well acquainted from the above-mentioned documents. Thus, for example, the pressure differential can be created by carrying out pressurization or suction at a predetermined level for a predetermined time, and then analyzing both a pressure value that is reached and its plot. In addition, pressurization can be done to a predetermined pressure differential, and then the plot of the pressure value that is of interest can be observed.
As is known from the above-mentioned documents, pressurization can also be accomplished by precharging a pre-chamber to a predetermined pressure and then discharging said chamber into the container or into an enclosure that is formed by a sealable chamber.
When checking volume, a volume that is dependent on the volume of the container, either the interior volume of said container itself or its volume differential compared to a testing chamber, can be pressurized by a predetermined quantity of pressure medium, or a predetermined amount of gas can be removed from this volume. The volume of the container is then determined from the resulting pressure.
4a Of course, the values that are measured are compared with nominal values or nominal plots, as is also known from the above-mentioned documents.
Storage, wherein the pressure in the environment of the container is increased or decreased and a value of the pressure of the environment of the container is measured, is preferably undertaken in such a way that, with control at a predetermined time, an analog/digital converter is enabled to convert the sensor output signal, and the then stationary output signal of this analog/digital converter is used as a reference value for the subsequent analysis of the sensor output signal. In this process, either another analog/digital converter can be installed behind the sensor output and the output signal of the latter converter can then be digitally compared to that of the storage unit A/D
converter or, preferably, a D/A converter is placed immediately behind the storage A/D converter and thus the stored, re-converted signal is fed as an analog reference signal to an analog comparator unit, to which the output signal of the sensor is also fed directly.
In addition, and wherein the pressure in the environment of the container is increased or decreased and a value of the pressure of the environment is measured, a null balance is preferably undertaken by determining, essentially during the value storage process at the comparator, whether an output signal of the device encompasses the null value, at least approximately; if a signal appears that deviates from the null value or from a predetermined minimum value, then said signal is used as a null-balance signal.
Preferred embodiments of the test arrangement of the invention for testing containers comprise a pressure or suction source which can be effectively connected to a container to be tested with respect to its interior and exterior pressure, at least one pressure sensor, an 4b electronic pressure-value storage arrangement and a comparator unit. The pressure sensor is a converter that converts an input-side pressure value into an output-side electrical signal. Means are provided for feeding the output of the sensor, on one hand, and the output of the electronic pressure-value storage arrangement, on the other to the comparator unit to commence a measuring test interval at a point in time immediately after the input-side pressure value of the sensor reaches risingly a predetermined test value and rereaches the predetermined test value diminishingly.
The invention is hereinafter explained by way of examples, using figures.
Here:
Fig. 1 shows a schematic of an arrangement of the invention, in which the pressurization source and suction source are connected to the environment of the container;
Fig. 2 shows a schematic, as per Fig. 1, of a section of the system as shown in Fig. 1, in another embodiment;
Fig. 3 similar to Fig. 2, shows the section of a third embodiment;
Fig. 4 similar to Fig. 2, shows the section of another preferred embodiment;
Fig. 5 shows a functional block diagram of a preferred arrangement as described by the invention for implementing a test method of the invention;
Fig. 6 provides a purely schematic illustration of the plot of a measurement curve.
As mentioned, Fig. 1 schematically depicts a closed container 1 that is to be checked for leaks or to determine its volume; said container may, for example, be already filled and be in a testing chamber 3. Chamber 3 can be sealed by means of, for example, insert cover 5. Via a controlled valve 7, the test volume, here the volume differential between chamber 3 and container l, is pressurized by means of a suction or pressure source 9 in such a way that a pressure gradient is created across the walls of container 1. In this embodiment, source 9 empties into chamber 3.
At or in chamber 3 is another relative-pressure sensor 11, which converts the input-side pressure value into an electrical output signal. Via a storage control circuit, as indicated in the schematic by S, electrical output signal el from sensor 11 is stored in a storage unit 13 in response to a control signal s that is emitted by a time control unit (not shown). Output signal elofrom storage unit 13 is fed to a comparator unit 15 as a pressure reference value. Output signal el of sensor 11 is present directly at said comparator unit's second input. After reference value elo is stored, the plot of the pressure in chamber 3 is monitored at compa~ator unit 15.
Let us now first consider leakage testing. If container 1 is sealed and storage has been done in storage unit 13, then sensor output signal el will remain at stored value e1o once all differential-induced shape changes in container 1 have subsided. On the output side of comparator 15, a comparison result that at least approximately equals zero indicates that container 1 is sealed.
If leaks are present in container 1, after reference value elo is stored as mentioned signal value el will vary depending on the direction of the pressure gradient across the container wall; the higher the rate of variation, the larger the leak. On the output side of comparator 15 there will be an output signal. The value of this output signal is a function of the change in pressure in chamber 3 from the reference pressure associated with the stored pressure reference value elo.
Comparing the output signal of comparator unit 15 with predetermined nominal values (not shown) provides an indication, on the one hand, as to whether a leak is present as well as, on the other, as to how large said leak is.
Depending on the containers to be tested, minor leaks may be tolerated.
If the leak in container 1 is large, then absolutely no pressure differential will develop across the walls of container 1: the pressures between the interior of the container and its environment will quickly equalize via the leak. Then, however, on the output side of comparator 15 a null signal will appear, i.e., just as in the case of a sealed container, and lead to testing errors.
Therefore, as indicated by the dotted lines; preferably after value elo is stored in storage unit 13, this stored value is compared to a reference value ref at another comparator unit 17. The output signal of other comparator unit 17 indicates whether a large leak is present or not. Either when a predetermined amount of pressure medium is allowed to enter chamber 3 or when a predetermined amount of gas is removed from said chamber, in the case of a large leak the pressure value indicated by reference value ref will not be reached;
this will cause the test result at container 1 to be indicated by the output signal of other comparator 17.
To test volume, a predetermined amount of pressure medium is fed to chamber 3 or a predetermined amount of gas is removed therefrom. As indicated by dotted lines at refs, storage unit 13 is used here as a reference-value storage unit in which reference values corresponding to the nominal volumes of containers that are to be tested are prestored. By comparing above-mentioned volume reference values refs and the pressure value that actually arises corresponding to el in the volume differential in chamber 3 that is dependent on the interior volume of container 1, i.e., from the output signal of comparator unit 15, a determination is made as to whether container 1 has nominal volume or not, or how large the nominal/actual volume differential is.
In the case of the embodiment shown in Fig. 2, where the references used in Fig. 1 are used for the same parts, only source 9 empties into chamber 3. Via a sealed closure 19, the input of sensor 11 is connected to the interior of container 1 that is fitted with an opening. The electronic analyzer, which is placed behind sensor 11, is depicted just as in Fig. 1.
As in Fig. 2, Fig. 3 shows another variant in which, compared to Fig. 2, the arrangements of source 9 and sensor 11 are switched.
In the case of the arrangement shown in Fig. 4, on the one hand source 9 empties into the interior of a container 1 via sealing connection 19 [and on the other] the input of sensor 11 is connected to the interior of container 1. The electronic analyzer shown in Fig. 1, to which sensor 11 is connected, is provided here as well. The embodiment shown in Fig. 1 or Fig. 4 is preferably used.
Fig. 5 shows, in the form of a block diagram, a preferred embodiment of analysis unit I that is partially outlined with dotted lines in Fig. 1. In the preferred embodiment, the output signal of sensor 11 is fed to a converter stage 21, which on the input side comprises an analog/digital converter 21a, which is immediately followed by an digital/analog converter 21b. Like the output signal of sensor 11, the output of digital/analog converter 21b is fed to a differential amplifier unit 23 that is of a known design. The output of differential amplifier unit 23, corresponding to comparator unit 15 of Fig. 1, is connected to another amplifier stage 25, whose output is overlaid 28 on the input signal to amplifier 25 via a storage element 27.
Converter unit 21 and storage unit 27 are controlled via a timing signal generator 29. This arrangement works as follows To store value elo as shown in Fig. 1, from timing signal generator 29 at measurement point tl in Fig. 6 after the pressure reaches risingly a predetermined test value 1 and rereaches the predetermined test value diminishingly as shown in Fig. 6, a conversion cycle at converter unit 21 is enabled, at which point signal value eloappears at the input of differential amplifier unit 23. At essentially the same time, timing signal generator 29 preferably actuates storage unit 27, causing the output signal value of amplifier 25 to be fed back as a null-value-balance signal to the amplifier input. If when value elo was stored the output signal of amplifier 25 was not equal to zero, then this signal value is used as a null compensation signal via storage unit 27. By nulling the signal from amplifier stage 25 at time tl in Fig. 6, the output signal from amplifier stage 25 from time tl over the measuring time interval from tl to t2 will be a function of the change in pressure in chamber 3 from the reference pressure associated with the stored value e1o at time ti. Thus, the arrangement permits the direct measurement of the change in pressure in the chamber during the measuring time interval tl-tZ using pressure sensor 11, without the need for use of a reference pressure chamber or a differential pressure sensor as in the prior art.
As indicated in reference to Fig. 1, the detection of major leaks can be done in different ways by, e.g., feeding the output signal value of converter unit 21 to another 9a comparator (not shown), where said output signal value is compared to reference signal value ref as indicated in Fig. 1 or, as indicated by dotted lines at S1, by switching the differential amplifier output, which is otherwise connected to sensor 11, to a reference potential, such as to ground, immediately before or after, and preferably after, storage unit 27 is set, and then on the output side of amplifier unit 25 directly testing the value of e1o to 1~
determine whether said value has reached the reference value as per ref of Fig. 1 or not.
Unlike what is indicated in the case of the preferred embodiments mentioned above, it is readily possible to omit the second converter stage, namely digital/analog converter 21b, and instead, as indicated at 22b by dotted lines, to provide an analog/digital converter and then subsequently to process both signals, i.e., elo and el, digitally.
To check volume, either volume reference values are pre-entered at converter unit 21, provided, as indicated by dotted lines at refs, or another digital storage unit is connected to digital/analog converter 21b directly in order to convert input digital volume reference values into the corresponding analog signals and thus to use the arrangement shown to perform volume measurement as well.
The unit that is shown is exceptionally well suited for in-line testing of containers such as in a carrousel conveyor for, e.g., bottles, plastic bottles, etc.
In principle, it is also possible, after a predetermined test pressure is reached, to compare the electrical output signal of the sensor to this value or to several pre-entered values; this can be done on, e.g., a computer, where the sensor output is read in. The differential with respect to the set test pressure, i.e., the pressure drop, is determined by computer (compared to a boundary value entered into the computer or to a value that is determined from a reference leak) .
Claims (47)
1. A method for manufacturing a container which is tested on predetermined test conditions, in which the container is construed and a pressure difference is created between a pressure inside the container and a pressure in its environment, and from the behavior of one of the pressures it is established whether the container satisfies predetermined test conditions, wherein, after said one of the pressures reaches a predetermined test value as said pressure difference is being created and after creation of said pressure differences, in an equalization phase said one of said pressures rereaches said predetermined test value, the change in pressure of said one of the pressures is measured with a pressure sensor and with respect to said predetermined test value immediately after the time at which said one of said pressures rereaches said predetermined test value and utilizing results of said measuring for establishing whether the container satisfies said predetermined test conditions.
2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the test pressure value is stored electronically and subsequently the stored value is compared to at least one value of an output signal of said pressure sensor.
3. Method according to claim 2, wherein the storage is accomplished at least in part by means of an analog/digital converter that is enabled at a predetermined time at which said one of the pressures rereaches said predetermined test value to perform conversion.
4. Method according to claim 1, wherein an electrical output signal of the sensor is compared to one or more predetermined values.
5. Method according to claim 1, wherein a value of an output signal of said sensor is stored as a pressure value.
6. Method according to claim 1, wherein the pressure in the interior of the container is increased or decreased and a value of the pressure of the interior of the container is measured.
7. Method according to claim 1, wherein the pressure in the interior of the container is increased or decreased and a value of the pressure of the environment of the container is measured.
8. Method according to claim 1, wherein the pressure in the environment of the container is increased or decreased and a value of the pressure of the interior of the container is measured.
9. Method according to claim 1, wherein the pressure in the environment of the container is increased or decreased and a value of the pressure of the environment of the container is measured.
10. Method according to claim 1, wherein an amplifier element is located in series with said pressure sensor, an output signal of said amplifier element being used before the comparison is made, as a null-balance signal.
11. Method according to claim 1, wherein said utilizing involves testing the gas tightness of the containers.
12. Method according to claim 1, wherein said utilizing involves testing the volume of the container.
13. Method according to claim 1, wherein said pressure sensor provides an output signal, the change in said output signal over a measuring time interval t1 to t2 being used to provide an indication of said change in pressure of said one of the pressures.
14. Method according to claim 13, wherein said step of utilizing results of said measuring includes comparing said indication of said change in pressure of said one of the pressures with a predetermined nominal value therefor to establish whether the container satisfies predetermined test conditions.
15. Test arrangement for testing containers, said arrangement comprising a pressure or suction source, which can be effectively connected to a container to be tested with respect to its interior and exterior pressure for creating a pressure difference between said interior and exterior pressures, at least one pressure sensor, an electronic pressure-value storage arrangement and a comparator unit, wherein the pressure sensor is a converter that converts an input-side pressure value into an output-side electrical signal, and means for feeding the output of the sensor, on the one hand, and the output of said electronic pressure-value storage arrangement, on the other to said comparator unit to commence a measuring test interval at a point in time immediately after the input-side pressure value of said sensor reaches a predetermined test value as said pressure difference is being created and after creation of said pressure difference, in an equalization phase said one of said pressures rereaches said predetermined test value.
16. Arrangement according to claim 15, wherein, to test for leaks, means are provided to feed the output of the sensor to the input of the electronic pressure-value storage arrangement.
17. Arrangement according to claim 15, further comprising a container connection, which can be sealed to a container opening, said container connection being equipped with an input for said sensor and a source connection.
18. Arrangement according to claim 15, further comprising a container connection equipped with an input for said sensor which can be sealed to a container opening and a sealable chamber to receive a container, into which said source empties.
19. Arrangement according to claim 15, further comprising a container connection equipped with a source connection, that can be sealed to an opening of the container and a sealable chamber to receive the container at or in which a sensor input is provided.
20. Arrangement according to claim 15, wherein a sealable chamber to receive the container is provided.
21. Arrangement according to claim 15, wherein the pressure-value storage arrangement is a pair of analog/digital//digital/analog converters connected one after the other.
22. Arrangement according to claim 15, wherein an amplifier is placed after the sensor output; and means are provided for storing the output signal of said amplifier in a controlled manner and, once stored, for acting on the input signal of the amplifier as a null-balance signal.
23. Arrangement according to claim 15, wherein, to test volume said electronic pressure-value storage arrangement comprises a storage unit that can be set externally.
24. A method for manufacturing a tight container comprising:
construing a container with a wall;
establishing a differential pressure between a first pressure in an interior of said container along an inside of the wall, and a second pressure along an outside of the wall;
monitoring at least one of said first and second pressures and generating an electrical monitoring output signal;
storing said electrical output signal at a first moment to generate a stored signal;
comparing said electrical output signal at a second deferred moment with said stored signal and concluding from a result signal of said comparing, whether said container is tight or not;
further comparing said stored signal with said electric output signal at said first moment, the result signal of said further comparing being exploited as a zero offset signal.
construing a container with a wall;
establishing a differential pressure between a first pressure in an interior of said container along an inside of the wall, and a second pressure along an outside of the wall;
monitoring at least one of said first and second pressures and generating an electrical monitoring output signal;
storing said electrical output signal at a first moment to generate a stored signal;
comparing said electrical output signal at a second deferred moment with said stored signal and concluding from a result signal of said comparing, whether said container is tight or not;
further comparing said stored signal with said electric output signal at said first moment, the result signal of said further comparing being exploited as a zero offset signal.
25. The method of claim 24, further comprising the step of comparing said result signal of said comparing with one or more than one predetermined values.
26. The method of claim 24, wherein said differential pressure is established by increasing or reducing said first pressure, thereby monitoring of said second pressure.
27. The method of claim 24, wherein said differential pressure is established by increasing or reducing said second pressure, thereby monitoring said first pressure.
28. The method of claim 24, further comprising establishing said pressure difference by increasing or reducing said second pressure, thereby monitoring said second pressure.
29. The method of claim 24, wherein establishing said differential pressure is performed by increasing or reducing said first pressure, thereby monitoring said first pressure.
30. The method of claim 24, wherein said storing comprises analog to digital converting said electrical output signal at said first moment.
31. The method of claim 30, further comprising digital to analog reconverting said analog to digital converted output signal.
32. The method of claim 24, further comprising storing said result signal of said further comparing.
33. The method of claim 32, further comprising superimposing said stored result signal of said further comparing to said result signal.
34. The method of claim 24, further comprising performing said storing delayed by a predetermined time period with respect to terminating establishing said differential pressure.
35. The method of claim 24, further comprising varying at least one of said first and second pressures for establishing said differential pressure increasingly, stopping said varying and performing said storing after said differential pressure established starts to decrease.
36. The method of claim 35, further comprising the step of detecting said differential pressure being decreasing by detecting when said differential pressure rereaches a value, which was already reached by said increasing differential pressure.
37. A test arrangement for containers comprising a pressure or suction source operationally connected to the inside of a container to be tested or to a sealed cavity wherein said container resides and at least one pressure sensor, the input thereof being operationally connected to said inside of said container or to said sealed cavity outside said container and generating an electrical output signal at its output, the output of said pressure sensor being operatively connected to the input of a storage unit having an output, the output of said storage unit and the output of said sensor being operatively connected to inputs of a comparing unit, the output of said comparing unit being operatively connected to a further storage unit, the output of said further storage unit being operatively connected to a zero offset adjusting input of the arrangement.
38. The test arrangement of claim 37, further comprising an input of said sensor, said input of said sensor and said source being removably applicable to an opening of a container.
39. The arrangement of claim 37, further comprising a test chamber sealingly closable for receiving a container to be tested.
40. The arrangement of claim 39, said sensor comprising an input applicable to the inside of the container in said chamber, said source being connected to said chamber.
41. The arrangement of claim 39, said sensor comprising an input connected to said chamber, said source being connected to said chamber.
42. The arrangement of claim 39, wherein said sensor comprises an input connected to said chamber and said source is applicable to an opening of a container in said chamber.
43. The arrangement of claim 37, said storage unit comprising an analog to digital converter, the analog input of said converter being operatively connected to the output of said sensor.
44. The arrangement of claim 43, the digital output of said analog to digital converter being operatively connected to a digital input of a digital to analog converter, the analog output of said digital to analog converter being operatively connected to said comparing unit.
45. The arrangement of claim 37, wherein the output of said further storage unit is operatively connected to an input of an amplifier unit.
46. The arrangement of claim 37, further comprising a control unit, said control unit enabling said storage unit and said further storage unit substantially simultaneously.
47. A method for manufacturing containers which are tested on predetermined leak conditions, in which there is generated a leak indicative output signal of a sensor and from the behavior of said output signal it is established whether the container satisfies predetermined leak test conditions, comprising the steps of:
storing said output signal at a first moment to generate a stored signal;
comparing said output signal at a second deferred moment with said stored signal and concluding from a result signal of said comparing, whether said container fulfills said leak condition; and further comparing said stored signal with said output signal at said first moment, the result signal of said further comparing being exploited as a zero offset signal.
storing said output signal at a first moment to generate a stored signal;
comparing said output signal at a second deferred moment with said stored signal and concluding from a result signal of said comparing, whether said container fulfills said leak condition; and further comparing said stored signal with said output signal at said first moment, the result signal of said further comparing being exploited as a zero offset signal.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CH1992/000173 WO1994005991A1 (en) | 1992-08-27 | 1992-08-27 | Method of testing containers, use of the method and a test device for carrying out the method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2122250A1 CA2122250A1 (en) | 1994-03-17 |
| CA2122250C true CA2122250C (en) | 2006-04-11 |
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| CA002122250A Expired - Fee Related CA2122250C (en) | 1992-08-27 | 1992-08-27 | Method for testing containers, use of the method, and a testing device |
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| EP (2) | EP0789235B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH07500675A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100290792B1 (en) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3353442B2 (en) * | 1994-01-31 | 2002-12-03 | 株式会社デンソー | Leak inspection method and device |
| JP2859553B2 (en) * | 1995-02-02 | 1999-02-17 | 大塚テクノ株式会社 | Method for inspecting molding defects of plastic molded articles for medical use |
| US5750881A (en) * | 1995-07-13 | 1998-05-12 | Chiron Diagnostics Corporation | Method and apparatus for aspirating and dispensing sample fluids |
| EP0786655B1 (en) * | 1997-05-07 | 2002-07-24 | Martin Lehmann | Procedure for leak testing of closed containers, test chamber, device and installation therefor |
| EP0786654A3 (en) | 1997-05-07 | 1997-12-10 | Martin Lehmann | Installation for leak testing of containers |
| EP0791814A3 (en) * | 1997-05-26 | 1997-11-26 | Martin Lehmann | Method for leak testing and leak testing apparatus |
| AU2003200113B2 (en) * | 1997-05-26 | 2004-12-16 | Wilco Ag | Method and Apparatus for Leak Testing |
| US6082184A (en) * | 1997-05-27 | 2000-07-04 | Martin Lehmann | Method for leak testing and leak testing apparatus |
| AU759192B2 (en) * | 1997-05-26 | 2003-04-10 | Wilco Ag | Method and apparatus for leak testing |
| US6840087B2 (en) | 2000-09-26 | 2005-01-11 | Martin Lehmann | Method and apparatus for leak testing closed containers |
| PT1320738E (en) * | 2000-09-26 | 2009-05-21 | Martin Lehmann | Method and apparatus for leak testing closed containers |
| DE10124225B4 (en) * | 2001-05-18 | 2006-03-02 | Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance S.A. | Method and device for determining the permeation of a barrier layer |
| US7343080B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2008-03-11 | Idc, Llc | System and method of testing humidity in a sealed MEMS device |
| US20080081000A1 (en) | 2006-09-29 | 2008-04-03 | Macleod John | Integrity testing of vials for test sensors |
| CN101424581B (en) * | 2007-11-02 | 2010-08-25 | 英华达（上海）科技有限公司 | Sealing test device and method thereof |
| SG189688A1 (en) * | 2008-03-31 | 2013-05-31 | Atmi Packaging Inc | Apparatus and method for the integrity testing of flexible containers |
| JP2012122756A (en) * | 2010-12-06 | 2012-06-28 | Fukuda:Kk | Leakage inspection device |
| US8534120B1 (en) | 2012-09-14 | 2013-09-17 | Advanced Scientifics, Inc. | Test system and method for flexible containers |
| RU2548059C1 (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2015-04-10 | Открытое акционерное общество "Военно-промышленная корпорация "Научно-производственное объединение машиностроения" | Gas cylinder pressure monitoring method |
| CN109679822A (en) | 2013-12-10 | 2019-04-26 | Abec 公司 | Apparatus and operation method |
| JP2018029442A (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2018-02-22 | ファナック株式会社 | Electric motor |
| CA3077598A1 (en) | 2017-10-03 | 2019-04-11 | Abec, Inc. | Reactor systems |
| SG11202009954VA (en) | 2018-04-11 | 2020-11-27 | Carrier Corp | Pressure controlled cargo container for controlled atmosphere applications |
| RU2690010C9 (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2019-08-26 | Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Национальный исследовательский Томский политехнический университет" | Devices for measuring time variations of pressure of liquid or gas |
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| US2784373A (en) | 1953-03-02 | 1957-03-05 | Nat Res Corp | High-vacuum device |
| US4459843A (en) * | 1982-07-06 | 1984-07-17 | Durham La Moyne W | Apparatus and method for testing containers |
| US4542643A (en) * | 1983-11-25 | 1985-09-24 | S. Himmelstein And Company | Fluid leak testing method |
| EP0313678B1 (en) | 1987-10-28 | 1992-06-17 | Martin Lehmann | Method and device for testing the tightness of a hollow body and utilisation of the method |
| DE4042421A1 (en) * | 1990-06-02 | 1992-04-30 | Martin Lehmann | Container volume measuring method |
-
1992
- 1992-08-12 CH CH252392A patent/CH685887A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-08-27 AT AT97107486T patent/ATE278182T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-08-27 DK DK92917546T patent/DK0619015T3/en active
- 1992-08-27 JP JP6506717A patent/JPH07500675A/en active Pending
- 1992-08-27 AT AT92917546T patent/ATE160444T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-08-27 DK DK97107486T patent/DK0789235T3/en active
- 1992-08-27 WO PCT/CH1992/000173 patent/WO1994005991A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1992-08-27 KR KR1019940701383A patent/KR100290792B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-08-27 DE DE59209032T patent/DE59209032D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-08-27 BR BR9206682A patent/BR9206682A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-08-27 ES ES97107486T patent/ES2227633T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-08-27 EP EP97107486A patent/EP0789235B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-08-27 RU RU94019976A patent/RU2123674C1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-08-27 AU AU24377/92A patent/AU2437792A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1992-08-27 CA CA002122250A patent/CA2122250C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-08-27 EP EP92917546A patent/EP0619015B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-08-27 ES ES92917546T patent/ES2111079T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1997
- 1997-11-28 GR GR970403188T patent/GR3025539T3/en unknown
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1998
- 1998-09-24 HK HK98110947A patent/HK1010112A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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2008
- 2008-08-22 RU RU2008134582/28A patent/RU2008134582A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CA2122250A1 (en) | 1994-03-17 |
| DK0619015T3 (en) | 1998-07-27 |
| EP0619015A1 (en) | 1994-10-12 |
| KR100290792B1 (en) | 2002-02-28 |
| RU2008134582A (en) | 2010-02-27 |
| ATE160444T1 (en) | 1997-12-15 |
| CH685887A5 (en) | 1995-10-31 |
| JPH07500675A (en) | 1995-01-19 |
| EP0789235B1 (en) | 2004-09-29 |
| BR9206682A (en) | 1995-10-24 |
| GR3025539T3 (en) | 1998-02-27 |
| ATE278182T1 (en) | 2004-10-15 |
| RU2123674C1 (en) | 1998-12-20 |
| EP0789235A2 (en) | 1997-08-13 |
| ES2111079T3 (en) | 1998-03-01 |
| WO1994005991A1 (en) | 1994-03-17 |
| EP0789235A3 (en) | 1998-04-15 |
| HK1010112A1 (en) | 1999-06-11 |
| AU2437792A (en) | 1994-03-29 |
| DK0789235T3 (en) | 2005-01-10 |
| DE59209032D1 (en) | 1998-01-02 |
| ES2227633T3 (en) | 2005-04-01 |
| EP0619015B1 (en) | 1997-11-19 |
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