CA2121136C - Cigarette filter - Google Patents
Cigarette filter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2121136C CA2121136C CA002121136A CA2121136A CA2121136C CA 2121136 C CA2121136 C CA 2121136C CA 002121136 A CA002121136 A CA 002121136A CA 2121136 A CA2121136 A CA 2121136A CA 2121136 C CA2121136 C CA 2121136C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- filaments
- acetate
- spinning solution
- cellulose
- diameter
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
- A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
- A24D3/14—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as additive
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
- A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
- A24D3/08—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as carrier or major constituent
- A24D3/10—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as carrier or major constituent of cellulose or cellulose derivatives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
- A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
- A24D3/067—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters characterised by functional properties
- A24D3/068—Biodegradable or disintegrable
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
- A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
- A24D3/16—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of inorganic materials
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
- D01F2/24—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from cellulose derivatives
- D01F2/28—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from cellulose derivatives from organic cellulose esters or ethers, e.g. cellulose acetate
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
Described are methods of manufacturing a cellulose-acetate bundle. the filaments making up the bundle being produced by extruding a solution containing, in addition to cellulose-(2,5)-acetate and solvent, non-toxic compounds which are only slightly soluble in the solution and whose molecular diameter is at least 30% less than the diameter of the filaments. Water-soluble or bacteriologically degradable organic compounds, in particular starch, starch derivatives or dextrins, are used as the additives.
Description
212113fi wo 93/07771 PCT/AT92/00126 F I L E, Pt~t"1'~1 T H i S A hl~Ei~dt?'C'D~
~f~'T'TRANShATION
Cigarette filter Modern cigarette filters are almost exclusively produced =r an cellulose-(2,5)-acetate. In ccmparison with the paper and wadding filters which were used earlier, that material affords the advantage that the elongate bundle which serves for manufacture of the filters can - J be produced in a wide variety or specifications, in particular in rega~ri to the filament cross-section, and can be easily processed to =orm filters which in turn can be used in high-sPe~ cigarette producing machines. The filters which are produced fran cellulose acetate also look good in the smoked condition. The 'hardeners' triacetin (glycerol triacetate) or triethylene glycol diacetate, which are added to one bundle (not at the earlier stage to the filaments) in production of ~,he filter butts impart to the filter a high degree of selectivity i=~
relation to some constituents in the tobacco smoke, which are hazmful in terms of health, such as phenols and N-nitrosamines.
The disadvantage of that material in canparison with chemically unmodified cellulose is due to its slow degradability by micro-organisms. In accordance with recent research, pure cellulose-(2,5)-acetate in the form of filter 'cutts is degraded by micro-organisms upon canposting _under optimi.~n conditions in between around 6 and 9 months file a period of between 12 and 15 months is to be reckoned W th, in the aqueous medium of purification plants. Such degradation is made more difficult by virtue of the canpactness of the filters, by the additrcn of the above-mentioned 'hardeners', and by their adsorbed tobacco smoke condensate.
It can be assumed that, due to those relatively long degradation times upon canposting and in purification plants, the problem o=
'environmental pollution ~y cigarette filters' is not resolved at the present tune.
While the advantages of cellulose acetate filters which are usual at the present time are maintained as completely as possible, such filters are to be modified in such a way that microbia degradation is markedly accelerated in comparison with the amount of time required as specified in the most recent relevant literature.
The specified object is attained if cigarette filters are manufactured using elongate bundles which have been produced in accordance with the methods of the present invention.
Thus, an aspect of the invention provides a method of manufacturing a cellulose acetate elongate bundle formed of filaments, wherein the filaments are produced by extrusion of a spinning solution which contains cellulose-(2,5)-acetate, a solvent and at least one additive which is soluble in water, but difficult to dissolve in the spinning solution.
Preferably, the additive is employed in a proportion of 0.1 -5% by weight with respect to the cellulose-(2,5)-acetate.
Preferably, the additive is in the form of particles which have a diameter of at least 300 less than the diameter of the filaments.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a method of manufacturing a cellulose acetate elongate bundle formed of filaments, wherein the filaments are produced by extrusion of a spinning solution which contains cellulose-(2,5)-acetate, a solvent and at least one additive, which is a bacteriologically degradable organic compound. Preferably, the additive is in the form of particles which have a diameter of at least 300 less than the diameter of the filaments. Preferably, the bacteriologically degradable organic compound is starch, a starch derivative or dextrin.
Di- and trisaccharides, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts of organic and some mineral acids (for example magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, etc) can be considered as water-soluble materials which can be used in accordance with the invention.
Under the influence of moisture the water-soluble material is dissolved out of the cigarette filters and thus destroys the structure of the individual filaments. The large surface area which results in that situation in respect of the filament fragments which remain behind permits faster microbial degradation of the cellulose-(2,5)-acetate.
If on the other hand starch, chemically or biologically partially degraded starch, starch derivatives, starch-bearing products such as grain flour or dextrins are suspended in the spinning solution, those additives are degraded by micro-organisms of the bottoms in purification plants and the like. In this case also therefore the structure of the individual filaments of the smoked cigarette filters is destroyed and further microbiological degradation of the cellulose-(2,5)-acetate which remains behind is facilitated and accelerated.
In another aspect, the invention provides a cigarette filter produced as described herein.
~f~'T'TRANShATION
Cigarette filter Modern cigarette filters are almost exclusively produced =r an cellulose-(2,5)-acetate. In ccmparison with the paper and wadding filters which were used earlier, that material affords the advantage that the elongate bundle which serves for manufacture of the filters can - J be produced in a wide variety or specifications, in particular in rega~ri to the filament cross-section, and can be easily processed to =orm filters which in turn can be used in high-sPe~ cigarette producing machines. The filters which are produced fran cellulose acetate also look good in the smoked condition. The 'hardeners' triacetin (glycerol triacetate) or triethylene glycol diacetate, which are added to one bundle (not at the earlier stage to the filaments) in production of ~,he filter butts impart to the filter a high degree of selectivity i=~
relation to some constituents in the tobacco smoke, which are hazmful in terms of health, such as phenols and N-nitrosamines.
The disadvantage of that material in canparison with chemically unmodified cellulose is due to its slow degradability by micro-organisms. In accordance with recent research, pure cellulose-(2,5)-acetate in the form of filter 'cutts is degraded by micro-organisms upon canposting _under optimi.~n conditions in between around 6 and 9 months file a period of between 12 and 15 months is to be reckoned W th, in the aqueous medium of purification plants. Such degradation is made more difficult by virtue of the canpactness of the filters, by the additrcn of the above-mentioned 'hardeners', and by their adsorbed tobacco smoke condensate.
It can be assumed that, due to those relatively long degradation times upon canposting and in purification plants, the problem o=
'environmental pollution ~y cigarette filters' is not resolved at the present tune.
While the advantages of cellulose acetate filters which are usual at the present time are maintained as completely as possible, such filters are to be modified in such a way that microbia degradation is markedly accelerated in comparison with the amount of time required as specified in the most recent relevant literature.
The specified object is attained if cigarette filters are manufactured using elongate bundles which have been produced in accordance with the methods of the present invention.
Thus, an aspect of the invention provides a method of manufacturing a cellulose acetate elongate bundle formed of filaments, wherein the filaments are produced by extrusion of a spinning solution which contains cellulose-(2,5)-acetate, a solvent and at least one additive which is soluble in water, but difficult to dissolve in the spinning solution.
Preferably, the additive is employed in a proportion of 0.1 -5% by weight with respect to the cellulose-(2,5)-acetate.
Preferably, the additive is in the form of particles which have a diameter of at least 300 less than the diameter of the filaments.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a method of manufacturing a cellulose acetate elongate bundle formed of filaments, wherein the filaments are produced by extrusion of a spinning solution which contains cellulose-(2,5)-acetate, a solvent and at least one additive, which is a bacteriologically degradable organic compound. Preferably, the additive is in the form of particles which have a diameter of at least 300 less than the diameter of the filaments. Preferably, the bacteriologically degradable organic compound is starch, a starch derivative or dextrin.
Di- and trisaccharides, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts of organic and some mineral acids (for example magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, etc) can be considered as water-soluble materials which can be used in accordance with the invention.
Under the influence of moisture the water-soluble material is dissolved out of the cigarette filters and thus destroys the structure of the individual filaments. The large surface area which results in that situation in respect of the filament fragments which remain behind permits faster microbial degradation of the cellulose-(2,5)-acetate.
If on the other hand starch, chemically or biologically partially degraded starch, starch derivatives, starch-bearing products such as grain flour or dextrins are suspended in the spinning solution, those additives are degraded by micro-organisms of the bottoms in purification plants and the like. In this case also therefore the structure of the individual filaments of the smoked cigarette filters is destroyed and further microbiological degradation of the cellulose-(2,5)-acetate which remains behind is facilitated and accelerated.
In another aspect, the invention provides a cigarette filter produced as described herein.
Claims (16)
1. A method of manufacturing a cellulose acetate elongate bundle of filaments, which comprises extruding filaments of cellulose acetate from a spinning solution which contains cellulose-(2,5)-acetate, a solvent, and at least one non-toxic compound which is soluble in water but difficult to dissolve in the spinning solution wherein the non-toxic water-soluble compound is employed in a proportion of 0.1 - 5%
by weight with respect to the cellulose-(2,5)-acetate and is in the form of particles having a diameter of at least 30% less than the diameter of the filaments.
by weight with respect to the cellulose-(2,5)-acetate and is in the form of particles having a diameter of at least 30% less than the diameter of the filaments.
2. A method of manufacturing a cellulose acetate elongate bundle of individual filaments, which comprises extruding individual filaments of cellulose acetate from a spinning solution which contains cellulose-(2,5)-acetate, a solvent and at least one non-toxic bacteriologically degradable organic compound which is difficult to dissolve in the spinning solution, wherein the bacteriologically degradable organic compound is in the form of particles having a diameter of at least 30% less than the diameter of the filaments.
3. A method according to claim 2, wherein the bacteriologically degradable organic compound is selected from starch, starch derivatives and dextrins.
4. A cigarette filter which is manufactured using a bundle of filaments manufactured by the method as set forth in claim 1, 2 or 3.
5. A method of manufacturing a cellulose acetate elongate bundle formed of filaments, which comprises extruding filaments of cellulose acetate from a spinning solution which contains cellulose-(2,5)-acetate, a solvent and at least one additive which is soluble in water but difficult to dissolve in the spinning solution and which is suspended in the spinning solution.
6. A method according to claim 5, wherein the additive is employed in a proportion of 0.1 - 5% by weight with respect to the cellulose-(2,5)-acetate.
7. A method according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the additive is in the form of particles which have a diameter of at least 30% less than the diameter of the filaments.
8. A method of manufacturing a cellulose acetate elongate bundle of filaments, which comprises extruding filaments of cellulose acetate from a spinning solution which contains cellulose-(2,5)-acetate, a solvent and at least one additive which is a bacteriologically degradable organic compound suspended in the spinning solution.
9. A method according to claim 8, wherein the additive is in the form of particles which have a diameter of at least 30% less than the diameter of the filaments.
10. A method according to claim 8 or 9, in which the additive is starch, a starch derivative or dextrin.
11. A cigarette filter comprising a bundle of filaments of cellulose acetate wherein the filaments contain a bacteriologically degradable organic compound incorporated within the individual filaments making up the bundle when a spinning solution containing cellulose-(2,5)-acetate, a solvent and the bacteriologically degradable organic compound suspended in the spinning solution evaporates during production of the filaments.
12. A cigarette filter as claimed in claim 11 wherein the bacteriologically degradable compound is starch, a starch derivative or dextrin.
13. A cigarette filter comprising a bundle of filaments produced from a spinning solution which includes cellulose acetate and a material which is in the form of particles having a diameter that is at least 30% less than that of the filaments and is water soluble but is difficult to dissolve in the spinning solution, wherein the material is distributed within the individual filaments making up the bundle and is selected from the group consisting of disaccharides, trisaccharides and alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts of organic or mineral acids.
14. A cigarette filter comprising a cellulose acetate elongate bundle produced according to the method of any one of claims 5 to 10.
15. A method according to claim 5, 6 or 7, wherein the additive is selected from the group consisting of disaccharides, trisaccharides and alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts of organic or mineral acids.
16. A cigarette filter as claimed in claim 11 or 12, wherein the biodegradable compound is in the form of particles which have a diameter that is at least 30% less than that of the filaments.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ATA2101/91 | 1991-10-22 | ||
| AT0210191A AT396862B (en) | 1991-10-22 | 1991-10-22 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A CELLULOSE ACETATE CABLE AND CIGARETTE FILTER THEREOF |
| PCT/AT1992/000126 WO1993007771A1 (en) | 1991-10-22 | 1992-10-16 | Cigarette filter |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2121136A1 CA2121136A1 (en) | 1993-04-29 |
| CA2121136C true CA2121136C (en) | 2001-03-06 |
Family
ID=3527777
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002121136A Expired - Lifetime CA2121136C (en) | 1991-10-22 | 1992-10-16 | Cigarette filter |
Country Status (15)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0609284B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH07500385A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100264527B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1053563C (en) |
| AT (2) | AT396862B (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2121136C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE59205875D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0609284T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2085650T3 (en) |
| GE (1) | GEP19991509B (en) |
| GR (1) | GR3019451T3 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2083146C1 (en) |
| UA (1) | UA27822C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1993007771A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA928128B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1301076C (en) * | 2004-05-26 | 2007-02-21 | 长沙卷烟厂 | Polymer additive for cigarette filtering tips and its use |
| WO2011019646A1 (en) * | 2009-08-11 | 2011-02-17 | R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Degradable filter element |
| EP3072405A1 (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2016-09-28 | Cordenka GmbH & Co. KG | Cigarette filter |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0622407A1 (en) * | 1993-04-28 | 1994-11-02 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | Polymer blend composed of cellulose acetate and starch acetate used to form fibers, films and plastic materials and a process to prepare said blends |
| DE4322967C1 (en) * | 1993-07-09 | 1994-10-13 | Rhodia Ag Rhone Poulenc | Cellulose acetate filter tow, production thereof and use thereof as tobacco smoke filter element |
| DE4322965C1 (en) * | 1993-07-09 | 1994-10-06 | Rhodia Ag Rhone Poulenc | Filter tow, manufacture thereof, and use thereof as tobacco smoke filter element |
| WO1997005790A1 (en) * | 1995-08-04 | 1997-02-20 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. | Filter medium and cigarette filter made with the use of the same |
| DE19536505A1 (en) * | 1995-09-29 | 1997-04-10 | Biotec Biolog Naturverpack | Biodegradable filter material and process for its manufacture |
| US5922110A (en) * | 1998-01-21 | 1999-07-13 | Dcv, Inc. | Water-soluble, biodegradable filter, and process of using same |
| WO2000053832A1 (en) | 1999-03-11 | 2000-09-14 | Japan Tobacco Inc. | Biodegradable cellulose acetate constructions and tobacco filter |
| CN1972884B (en) | 2004-05-24 | 2014-03-26 | 英美烟草(投资)有限公司 | Molecularly imprinted polymers selective for nitrosamines and methods of using the same |
| US7585441B2 (en) * | 2004-06-25 | 2009-09-08 | Celanese Acetate, Llc | Process of making cellulose acetate tow |
| DE102008051579A1 (en) | 2008-10-14 | 2010-04-15 | Rhodia Acetow Gmbh | Biodegradable plastic and use thereof |
| JP5192982B2 (en) * | 2008-10-22 | 2013-05-08 | ピジョン株式会社 | Nonwovens and hygiene products |
| JP5192981B2 (en) * | 2008-10-22 | 2013-05-08 | ピジョン株式会社 | Nonwovens and hygiene products |
| RU2693531C1 (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2019-07-03 | Сергей Николаевич Ким | Method of producing filtering plug from acetate-cellulose fiber |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB8712617D0 (en) * | 1987-05-28 | 1987-07-01 | British American Tobacco Co | Tobacco smoke filters |
| US4964426A (en) * | 1988-09-28 | 1990-10-23 | Eastman Kodak Company | Tobacco smoke filters and process for production thereof |
-
1991
- 1991-10-22 AT AT0210191A patent/AT396862B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1992
- 1992-10-16 RU RU9294021652A patent/RU2083146C1/en active
- 1992-10-16 DE DE59205875T patent/DE59205875D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-10-16 DK DK92921347.8T patent/DK0609284T3/en active
- 1992-10-16 AT AT92921347T patent/ATE135892T1/en active
- 1992-10-16 ES ES92921347T patent/ES2085650T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-10-16 GE GEAP19922490A patent/GEP19991509B/en unknown
- 1992-10-16 CA CA002121136A patent/CA2121136C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-10-16 UA UA94005431A patent/UA27822C2/en unknown
- 1992-10-16 EP EP92921347A patent/EP0609284B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-10-16 KR KR1019940701133A patent/KR100264527B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-10-16 WO PCT/AT1992/000126 patent/WO1993007771A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1992-10-16 JP JP5507272A patent/JPH07500385A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-10-21 CN CN92112850A patent/CN1053563C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-10-21 ZA ZA928128A patent/ZA928128B/en unknown
-
1996
- 1996-03-28 GR GR960400815T patent/GR3019451T3/en unknown
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1301076C (en) * | 2004-05-26 | 2007-02-21 | 长沙卷烟厂 | Polymer additive for cigarette filtering tips and its use |
| WO2011019646A1 (en) * | 2009-08-11 | 2011-02-17 | R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Degradable filter element |
| US8434498B2 (en) | 2009-08-11 | 2013-05-07 | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Degradable filter element |
| US9770053B2 (en) | 2009-08-11 | 2017-09-26 | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Degradable filter element |
| EP3072405A1 (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2016-09-28 | Cordenka GmbH & Co. KG | Cigarette filter |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GEP19991509B (en) | 1999-03-05 |
| ATA210191A (en) | 1993-05-15 |
| EP0609284A1 (en) | 1994-08-10 |
| AT396862B (en) | 1993-12-27 |
| ES2085650T3 (en) | 1996-06-01 |
| GR3019451T3 (en) | 1996-06-30 |
| KR100264527B1 (en) | 2000-09-01 |
| UA27822C2 (en) | 2000-10-16 |
| KR940702696A (en) | 1994-09-17 |
| EP0609284B1 (en) | 1996-03-27 |
| ATE135892T1 (en) | 1996-04-15 |
| CA2121136A1 (en) | 1993-04-29 |
| CN1053563C (en) | 2000-06-21 |
| DK0609284T3 (en) | 1996-05-20 |
| WO1993007771A1 (en) | 1993-04-29 |
| ZA928128B (en) | 1993-05-04 |
| CN1072580A (en) | 1993-06-02 |
| DE59205875D1 (en) | 1996-05-02 |
| RU2083146C1 (en) | 1997-07-10 |
| JPH07500385A (en) | 1995-01-12 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKEX | Expiry | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |
Effective date: 20121016 |