EP0609284B1 - Cigarette filter - Google Patents

Cigarette filter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0609284B1
EP0609284B1 EP92921347A EP92921347A EP0609284B1 EP 0609284 B1 EP0609284 B1 EP 0609284B1 EP 92921347 A EP92921347 A EP 92921347A EP 92921347 A EP92921347 A EP 92921347A EP 0609284 B1 EP0609284 B1 EP 0609284B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cellulose
acetate
filaments
compounds
bundle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92921347A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0609284A1 (en
Inventor
Hubert Klus
Günther HAYN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Austria Tabakwerke AG
Original Assignee
Austria Tabakwerke AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Austria Tabakwerke AG filed Critical Austria Tabakwerke AG
Publication of EP0609284A1 publication Critical patent/EP0609284A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0609284B1 publication Critical patent/EP0609284B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/14—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as additive
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/08—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as carrier or major constituent
    • A24D3/10—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as carrier or major constituent of cellulose or cellulose derivatives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/067—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters characterised by functional properties
    • A24D3/068—Biodegradable or disintegrable
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/16—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of inorganic materials
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
    • D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F2/24—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from cellulose derivatives
    • D01F2/28—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from cellulose derivatives from organic cellulose esters or ethers, e.g. cellulose acetate

Definitions

  • Modern cigarette filters are almost exclusively made from cellulose (2.5) acetate. Compared to the paper and cotton filters used previously, this material offers the advantage that the cable used for filter production can be produced in a variety of specifications, in particular with regard to the fiber cross section, and is easy to process into filters which in turn can be used in high-speed cigarette making machines .
  • the filters made from cellulose acetate also look good when smoked.
  • the "hardener" triazetin (glycerol triacetate) or triethylene glycol diacetate added to the cable (not already the fibers) during the production of the filter rods give the filter a high selectivity towards some health-threatening ingredients of tobacco smoke, such as phenols and N-nitrosamines.
  • Suitable water-soluble materials according to the invention are di- and trisaccharides, alkali and alkaline earth salts of organic and some mineral acids (e.g. magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, etc.).
  • organic and some mineral acids e.g. magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, etc.
  • starch chemical or biologically partially degraded starch, starch derivatives, starch-containing products such as cereal flour, dextrins are suspended in the spinning solution, these additives are broken down by soil microorganisms in sewage treatment plants, etc.
  • the structure of the individual fibers of the smoked cigarette filter is destroyed and the further microbiological degradation of the remaining cellulose (2,5) acetate is facilitated and accelerated.

Abstract

Described are methods of manufacturing a cellulose-acetate bundle, the filaments making up the bundle being produced by extruding a solution containing, in addition to cellulose-(2,5)-acetate and solvent, non-toxic compounds which are only slightly soluble in the solution and whose molecular diameter is at least 30 % less than the diameter of the filaments. Water-soluble or bacteriologically degradable organic compounds, in particular starch, starch derivatives or dextrins, are used as the additives.

Description

Moderne Zigarettenfilter werden fast ausschließlich aus Zellulose-(2,5)-azetat erzeugt. Gegenüber den früher verwendeten Papier- und Wattefiltern bietet dieses Material den Vorteil, daß das zur Filterherstellung dienende Kabel in einer Vielfalt von Spezifikationen, insbesondere hinsichtlich des Faserquerschnitts, hergestellt werden kann und leicht zu Filtern zu verarbeiten ist, die ihrerseits bei schnellaufenden Zigarettenerzeugungsmaschinen verwendet werden können. Die aus Zelluloseazetat hergestellten Filter sehen auch in berauchtem Zustand gut aus. Die dem Kabel (nicht schon den Fasern) bei der Erzeugung der Filterstäbchen zugegebenen "Härter" Triazetin (Glyzerintriazetat) bzw. Triäthylenglykoldiazetat verleihen dem Filter hohe Selektivität gegenüber einigen gesundheitlich bedenklichen Inhaltsstoffen des Tabakrauchs, wie Phenolen und N-Nitrosaminen.Modern cigarette filters are almost exclusively made from cellulose (2.5) acetate. Compared to the paper and cotton filters used previously, this material offers the advantage that the cable used for filter production can be produced in a variety of specifications, in particular with regard to the fiber cross section, and is easy to process into filters which in turn can be used in high-speed cigarette making machines . The filters made from cellulose acetate also look good when smoked. The "hardener" triazetin (glycerol triacetate) or triethylene glycol diacetate added to the cable (not already the fibers) during the production of the filter rods give the filter a high selectivity towards some health-threatening ingredients of tobacco smoke, such as phenols and N-nitrosamines.

Der Nachteil dieses Materials gegenüber chemisch nicht modifizierter Zellulose ist durch seine langsame Abbaubarkeit durch Mikroorganismen gegeben. Nach neueren Forschungsarbeiten wird reines Zellulose-(2,5)-azetat in der Form von Filterstäbchen bei einer Kompostierung unter optimalen Bedingungen in rund 6 bis 9 Monaten durch Mikroorganismen abgebaut, im wässrigen Medium von Kläranlagen ist mit 12 bis 15 Monaten zu rechnen (vgl. "Degradiation of cellulose acetate filters in the environment" Paper presented at the CORESTA meeting of September 1991 in Utrecht by H.M. Lowe and J.N.T. White). Erschwert wird dieser Abbau durch die Kompaktheit der Filter, durch die Beigabe der oben erwähnten "Härter" sowie durch ihr adsorbiertes Tabak-Rauchkondensat.The disadvantage of this material compared to chemically unmodified cellulose is its slow degradability by microorganisms. According to recent research, pure cellulose (2.5) acetate in the form of filter sticks is degraded by microorganisms in around 6 to 9 months during composting under optimal conditions; 12 to 15 months can be expected in the aqueous medium of sewage treatment plants (cf. "Degradation of cellulose acetate filters in the environment" Paper presented at the CORESTA meeting of September 1991 in Utrecht by HM Lowe and JNT White). This degradation is made more difficult by the compactness of the filters, by the addition of the "hardeners" mentioned above and by their adsorbed tobacco smoke condensate.

Man kann davon ausgehen, daß, bedingt durch diese relativ langen Abbauzeiten bei der Kompostierung und in Kläranlagen, das Problem "Umweltbelastung durch Zigarettenfilter" derzeit nicht gelöst ist. Die in EP 0 363 288 geoffenbarten Filter, bei denen die Fasern aus Zelluloseazetat mit einem Überzug aus Natriumcarbonat versehen sind, stellen in dieser Hinsicht keine Ausnahme dar.It can be assumed that, due to this relatively long breakdown time in composting and in sewage treatment plants, the problem of "environmental pollution caused by cigarette filters" has not yet been solved. The filters disclosed in EP 0 363 288, in which the fibers of cellulose acetate are provided with a coating of sodium carbonate, are no exception in this regard.

Unter möglichst vollständiger Beibehaltung der Vorteile derzeit üblicher Zelluloseazetatfilter sollen diese derart modifiziert werden, daß der mikrobielle Abbau gegenüber dem in der jünsten einschlägigen Literatur angegebenen Zeitbedarf deutlich beschleunigt wird.While maintaining the advantages of currently available cellulose acetate filters as completely as possible, they should be modified in such a way that the microbial degradation is significantly accelerated compared to the time required in the most recent relevant literature.

Die gestellte Aufgabe wird gelöst, wenn Zigarettenfilter unter Verwendung von Kabeln hergestellt werden, welche nach den Verfahren gemäß Patentanspruch 1 oder 2 hergestellt worden sind.The object is achieved when cigarette filters are manufactured using cables which have been produced by the method according to claim 1 or 2.

Als erfindungsgemäß einsetzbare wasserlösliche Materialien kommen Di- und Trisaccharide, Alkali- und Erdalkalisalze organischer und einiger Mineralsäuren (z.B. Magnesiumchlorid, Magnesiumsulfat, Natriumchlorid, Natriumsulfat, etc.) in Frage.Suitable water-soluble materials according to the invention are di- and trisaccharides, alkali and alkaline earth salts of organic and some mineral acids (e.g. magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, etc.).

Unter dem Einfluß von Feuchtigkeit wird das wasserlösliche Material aus den Zigarettenfiltern herausgelöst und somit die Struktur der Einzelfasern zerstört. Die sich dabei ergebende große Oberfläche der zurückbleibenden Faserbruchstücke ermöglicht einen schnelleren mikrobiellen Abbau des Zellulose-(2,5)-azetats.Under the influence of moisture, the water-soluble material is released from the cigarette filters and thus the structure of the individual fibers is destroyed. The resulting large surface area of the remaining fiber fragments enables faster microbial degradation of the cellulose (2,5) acetate.

Werden andererseits in der Spinnlösung Stärke, chemische oder biologisch partiell abgebaute Stärke, Stärkederivate, stärkehaltige Produkte wie Getreidemehl, Dextrine, suspendiert, so werden diese Zusatzstoffe durch Mikroorganismen des Bodens in Kläranlagen usw. abgebaut. Auch hier wird also die Struktur der Einzelfasern der berauchten Zigarettenfilter zerstört und der weitere mikrobiologische Abbau des zurückbleibenden Zellulose-(2,5)-azetats erleichtert und beschleunigt.On the other hand, if starch, chemical or biologically partially degraded starch, starch derivatives, starch-containing products such as cereal flour, dextrins are suspended in the spinning solution, these additives are broken down by soil microorganisms in sewage treatment plants, etc. Here too, the structure of the individual fibers of the smoked cigarette filter is destroyed and the further microbiological degradation of the remaining cellulose (2,5) acetate is facilitated and accelerated.

Claims (3)

  1. A method of manufacturing a cellulose acetate elongate bundle wherein the filaments forming the bundle are produced by extrusion of a spinning solution which in addition to cellulose-(2,5)-acetate and solvent contains non-toxic compounds which are difficult to dissolve in the spinning solution, with a proportion of 0.1 - 5% by weight with respect to the cellulose-(2,5)-acetate, the diameter of the compounds being at least 30% less than the diameter of the filaments, characterised in that water-soluble compounds are used as additives.
  2. A method of manufacturing a cellulose acetate elongate bundle wherein the filaments forming the bundle are produced by extrusion of a spinning solution which in addition to cellulose-(2,5)-acetate and solvent contains non-toxic compounds which are difficult to dissolve in the spinning solution, with a proportion of over 0.1% by weight with respect to the cellulose-(2,5)-acetate, the diameter of the compounds being at least 30% less than the diameter of the filaments, characterised in that bacterially degradable organic compounds, in particular starch or starch derivatives or dextrins, are used as additives.
  3. A cigarette filter which is produced using an elongate bundle of individual filaments containing cellulose-(2,5)-acetate, characterised in that the individual filaments contain a water-soluble compound or a bacterially degradable organic compound, in particular starch or starch derivatives or dextrins, so that under the influence of moisture the water-soluble compound can be dissolved out of the cigarette filter or the bacterially degradable organic compound is degradable by micro-organisms whereby the structure of the individual filaments is destroyed and further degradation of the cellulose-(2,5)-acetate is facilitated.
EP92921347A 1991-10-22 1992-10-16 Cigarette filter Expired - Lifetime EP0609284B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT2101/91 1991-10-22
AT0210191A AT396862B (en) 1991-10-22 1991-10-22 METHOD FOR PRODUCING A CELLULOSE ACETATE CABLE AND CIGARETTE FILTER THEREOF
PCT/AT1992/000126 WO1993007771A1 (en) 1991-10-22 1992-10-16 Cigarette filter

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0609284A1 EP0609284A1 (en) 1994-08-10
EP0609284B1 true EP0609284B1 (en) 1996-03-27

Family

ID=3527777

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92921347A Expired - Lifetime EP0609284B1 (en) 1991-10-22 1992-10-16 Cigarette filter

Country Status (15)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0609284B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH07500385A (en)
KR (1) KR100264527B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1053563C (en)
AT (2) AT396862B (en)
CA (1) CA2121136C (en)
DE (1) DE59205875D1 (en)
DK (1) DK0609284T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2085650T3 (en)
GE (1) GEP19991509B (en)
GR (1) GR3019451T3 (en)
RU (1) RU2083146C1 (en)
UA (1) UA27822C2 (en)
WO (1) WO1993007771A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA928128B (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5922110A (en) * 1998-01-21 1999-07-13 Dcv, Inc. Water-soluble, biodegradable filter, and process of using same

Families Citing this family (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0622407A1 (en) * 1993-04-28 1994-11-02 Hoechst Celanese Corporation Polymer blend composed of cellulose acetate and starch acetate used to form fibers, films and plastic materials and a process to prepare said blends
DE4322967C1 (en) * 1993-07-09 1994-10-13 Rhodia Ag Rhone Poulenc Cellulose acetate filter tow, production thereof and use thereof as tobacco smoke filter element
DE4322965C1 (en) * 1993-07-09 1994-10-06 Rhodia Ag Rhone Poulenc Filter tow, manufacture thereof, and use thereof as tobacco smoke filter element
WO1997005790A1 (en) * 1995-08-04 1997-02-20 Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. Filter medium and cigarette filter made with the use of the same
DE19536505A1 (en) * 1995-09-29 1997-04-10 Biotec Biolog Naturverpack Biodegradable filter material and process for its manufacture
ES2291193T3 (en) 1999-03-11 2008-03-01 Japan Tobacco Inc. BIODEGRADABLE CONSTRUCTIONS OF CELLULOSE ACETATE AND FILTER FOR TOBACCO.
CN1972884B (en) 2004-05-24 2014-03-26 英美烟草(投资)有限公司 Molecularly imprinted polymers selective for nitrosamines and methods of using the same
CN1301076C (en) * 2004-05-26 2007-02-21 长沙卷烟厂 Polymer additive for cigarette filtering tips and its use
US7585441B2 (en) * 2004-06-25 2009-09-08 Celanese Acetate, Llc Process of making cellulose acetate tow
DE102008051579A1 (en) 2008-10-14 2010-04-15 Rhodia Acetow Gmbh Biodegradable plastic and use thereof
JP5192981B2 (en) * 2008-10-22 2013-05-08 ピジョン株式会社 Nonwovens and hygiene products
JP5192982B2 (en) * 2008-10-22 2013-05-08 ピジョン株式会社 Nonwovens and hygiene products
US8434498B2 (en) * 2009-08-11 2013-05-07 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Degradable filter element
EP3072405A1 (en) * 2015-03-27 2016-09-28 Cordenka GmbH & Co. KG Cigarette filter
RU2693531C1 (en) * 2019-03-06 2019-07-03 Сергей Николаевич Ким Method of producing filtering plug from acetate-cellulose fiber

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8712617D0 (en) * 1987-05-28 1987-07-01 British American Tobacco Co Tobacco smoke filters
US4964426A (en) * 1988-09-28 1990-10-23 Eastman Kodak Company Tobacco smoke filters and process for production thereof

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, unexamined applications, C Field, Band 15, Nr. 500, 18. Dezember 1991 THE PATENT OFFICE JAPANESE GOVERNMENT, Seite 141 C 895, Nr. 3 - 219 862 ( DAICEL CHEM. IND. LTD. ) 27. September 1991 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5922110A (en) * 1998-01-21 1999-07-13 Dcv, Inc. Water-soluble, biodegradable filter, and process of using same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH07500385A (en) 1995-01-12
DE59205875D1 (en) 1996-05-02
GEP19991509B (en) 1999-03-05
CN1053563C (en) 2000-06-21
UA27822C2 (en) 2000-10-16
DK0609284T3 (en) 1996-05-20
KR100264527B1 (en) 2000-09-01
KR940702696A (en) 1994-09-17
AT396862B (en) 1993-12-27
GR3019451T3 (en) 1996-06-30
CA2121136A1 (en) 1993-04-29
WO1993007771A1 (en) 1993-04-29
ATA210191A (en) 1993-05-15
CN1072580A (en) 1993-06-02
ZA928128B (en) 1993-05-04
ATE135892T1 (en) 1996-04-15
RU2083146C1 (en) 1997-07-10
CA2121136C (en) 2001-03-06
ES2085650T3 (en) 1996-06-01
EP0609284A1 (en) 1994-08-10

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