CA2110357A1 - Additive for lead-acid battery electrolyte - Google Patents
Additive for lead-acid battery electrolyteInfo
- Publication number
- CA2110357A1 CA2110357A1 CA 2110357 CA2110357A CA2110357A1 CA 2110357 A1 CA2110357 A1 CA 2110357A1 CA 2110357 CA2110357 CA 2110357 CA 2110357 A CA2110357 A CA 2110357A CA 2110357 A1 CA2110357 A1 CA 2110357A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- additive
- sulphate
- lead
- battery
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
An additive for an electrolyte for enhancing the efficiency and power recovery of lead-acid batteries is disclosed. The additive is capable of preventing sulphation of the polar plates of a lead-acid battery and minimizing the loss of active material from the positive plate of the battery. The additive is comprised of magnesium sulphate, aluminum sulphate, cadmium sulphate, tartaric acid and EDTA2 sodium in distilled water.
An additive for an electrolyte for enhancing the efficiency and power recovery of lead-acid batteries is disclosed. The additive is capable of preventing sulphation of the polar plates of a lead-acid battery and minimizing the loss of active material from the positive plate of the battery. The additive is comprised of magnesium sulphate, aluminum sulphate, cadmium sulphate, tartaric acid and EDTA2 sodium in distilled water.
Description
2ilO3~7 , _DDI~IVE FOR LEAD-ACID BAT~RY ~EC~ROLYTE
The present invention relates to the field of lead-acid batteries and in particular, to an additive for addition to an electrolyte for use in a lead-acid battery.
A lead-acid battery is comprised of a number of cells having a number of plates or electrodes separated by ion-permeable separators. Each plate is formed by a lead frame or grid which supports the active material. The most common active material is lead peroxide for the po~itive plate and porous lead casting, also referred to as spongy lead by those skilled in the art, for the negative plate.
The cells are filled with an electrolyte to cover the plates. In conventional lead-acid batteries, the electrolyte is sulphuric acid.
When a charged battery is put into a circuit, and electricity is drawn from it, internal current flow causes the active material of the plates to interact with the electrolyte according to the following reaction:
2Pb + 2PbO2 + 2HzSO4 + H20 ~ 2PbSO4 + 2PbO + 3H20 It can be seen from the above equation that the negative (Pb) and the positive (PbO2) plates are converted to lead sulphate. The sulphating process can be reversed by charging to convert the negative and positive plates back to spongy lead and lead peroxide, respectivPly. However, if a battery is left in a fully discharged state with the plates in the form of lead sulphate, the battery will eventually fail by an inability to take a charge.
Moreover, heavy sulphating of the positive plates can lead to mechanical stresses which can, in turn, lead to shedding of the active material and cracking of the grid.
The battery will then no longer be able to hold a charge.
'~ .. ~ : ~ : ', . - ', - .
3 ~ 7 Lead-acid batteries possess the advantages of having a high electromotive force (emf), an ability to be used in a wide temperature range, and a long shelf life under dry-state storage condition. However, disadvantages of lead-acid batteries include low electrical energy, low utilization of active material (lowest discharge rate is less than 60%~ and a limited life span.
The main factors affecting the performance life span of a lead-acid battery are the loss of active material from the positive plate, deformation and corrosion of the plate grid and sulphation of the polar plates. In an effort to solve the above problems, researchers in Great Britain, the United States and Japan have been conducting experiments to identify additives to supplement conventional lead-acid battery electrolyte. Additives such as AD-2 and VX-6, however, are helpful in overcoming the problems o~
sulphation but are unable to solve the problem associated with the loss of active material from the positive plate o~
the battery.
An object of the present invention is to provide an additive for addition to an electrolyte for a lead-acid battery to enhance the efficiency and power recovery of the battery.
Accordingly, one aspect of the invention provides an additive for an electrolyte of a lead-acid battery ~omprising magnesium sulphate, aluminum sulphate~ cadmium sulphate, tartaric acid and EDTA2 sodium in distilled water.
Another aspect of the invention provides for a method for preparing an additive for an electrolyte for a lead-acid battery comprising the steps of: (1) weighing the following materials according to weight percentage:
magnesium sulphate 3 - 10%, aluminum sulphate 15 -30%, cadmium sulphate 1 - 8%, tartaric acid 10 - 30%, EDTA2 2:~ ~ a3~7 sodium 1 - 5% and distilled water 18 - 70%; (2) adding the weighed materials in the same order into the distilled water; and ~3) stirring the solution until all the chemicals are dissolved.
Another aspect of the invention provides for a method for preparing an additive for an electrolyte for a lead-acid battery comprising the steps of~ weighing the following materials according to weight percentage:
magnesium sulphate 3 - 10%, aluminum sulphate 15 - 30%, cadmium sulphate 1 - 8%, tartaric acid 10 - 30%, EDTA2 sodium 1 - 5% and distilled water 18 - 70%; (2) adding the weighed materials to the distilled water; and ~3) stirring the solution until all the chemicals are dissolved.
In accordance with the present invention, the additive is able to prevent the polar plates of a lead-acid battery from sulphation, and to minimize the loss of active material from the positive plate. In addition, the additive improves low-temperature performance of the lead-acid battery due to the enhancement of the electrolytic activity.
The additive according to this invention consists of magnesium sulphate, aluminum sulphate, cadmium sulphate, tartaric acid and EDTA2 sodium in distilled water.
Preferably, the concentration of magnesium sulphate is in the range of from about 3 to 10% (by weight), the concentration of aluminum sulphate is in the range of from about 15 to 30%, the concentration of cadmium sulphate is in the range of from about 1 to 8%, the concentration of tartaric acid is in the range of from about 10 to 30%, and the concentration of ~DTA2 sodium is in the range of from about 1 to 5% in distilled water.
One method for preparing this additive is to first weigh the above materials in accordance with the percentage prescribed; then add the weighed materials in the order 3 ~ 7 given above into the distilled water; and, lastly, stir the solution until all the chemicals are dissolved.
Another method for preparation of the additive is to stir and dissolve the prescribed quantity of EDTA2 sodium in distilled water. Aluminum sulphate and magnesium sulphate are then added, separately or as a mixture thereof, to the EDTA2 sodium solution and the solution is stirred to dissolve the aluminum sulphate and magnesium sulphate. The prescribed amount of tartaric acid is then added and dissolved in the solution. Finally the prescribed amount of cadmium sulphate is added to the solution and dissolved therein.
The additive produced according to these methods is milky in appearance. A white precipitate may form which does not affect the ~uality. The additive is not corrosive, not volatile and tasteless. The additive should be stored at a temperature in the range of from about 0 to 40C.
The additive may be added to the electrolyte of old and new lead-acid batteries. In the case of a new lead-acid battery, a conventional electrolyte, having a density of 1.260 - 1.280, for example, is added to the battery and allowed to stand for 4 to 6 hours. The additive is then added to the electrolyte and the battery is allowed to stand for 24 hours. The battery may then be charyed, in a manner known to those skilled in the art, until the battery is sufficiently charged.
In the case of an old lead-acid battery, it is preferable that the battery does not have any mechanical damage and that the loss of active material is not too severe. The additive of the present invention is most effective on batteries wherein the charging capacity is not less than 70%. The additive is added to the electrolyte and -~`" ` 2~357 the battery is charged in a manner known to those skilled in the art.
Once the additive has been added to the electrolyte, it is not normally necessary to make further additions unless the plates and electrolyte are replaced. -The effective amount of the additive required varieis with the capacity of the storage battery as follows~
(a) Storage battery below 200 ampere-hour:
Amount per battery cell = Ampere-hour x 0.33 ml E.g. For a battery with 105 ampere-hour, each cell would require 105 x 0.33 ml, or 35 ml additive (b) Storage battery over 200 ampere-hour~
Amount per battery cell = Ampere-hour x 0.22 ml E.g. For a battery with 300 ampere-hour, each cell would require 300 x 0.22 ml, or 66 ml additive (c) For batteries used for emergency lights, motorcycles and miner's lamps, the effectiv~ amount of additive is 5 ml per cell.
The advantages of this invention are:
~a) extending the performance life span for both new and old lead-acid batteries;
(b) increasing the utilization of the active material;
(c) increasing the charging efficiency, reducing discharge and prolonging tha shelf life of the batteries:
(d~ enhancing the battery output power and improving the low-temperature starting performance of the battery;
and (e) reducing evaporation of the distilled water in the battery.
The following Example illustrates the invention.
Example 10 g of magnesium sulphate, 20 g of aluminum sulphate, 5 g of cadmium sulphate, 15 g of tartaric acid and `
6 ;~-~
3 g of EDTA2 sodium were added to 47 g of distilled water in the order prescribed above. The resulting solution was stirred sufficiently until all the chemicals were dissolved in the distilled water. The additive is thus formed. This additive can restore a sulphated motorcycle battery to be reused for another six months or longer.
The present invention relates to the field of lead-acid batteries and in particular, to an additive for addition to an electrolyte for use in a lead-acid battery.
A lead-acid battery is comprised of a number of cells having a number of plates or electrodes separated by ion-permeable separators. Each plate is formed by a lead frame or grid which supports the active material. The most common active material is lead peroxide for the po~itive plate and porous lead casting, also referred to as spongy lead by those skilled in the art, for the negative plate.
The cells are filled with an electrolyte to cover the plates. In conventional lead-acid batteries, the electrolyte is sulphuric acid.
When a charged battery is put into a circuit, and electricity is drawn from it, internal current flow causes the active material of the plates to interact with the electrolyte according to the following reaction:
2Pb + 2PbO2 + 2HzSO4 + H20 ~ 2PbSO4 + 2PbO + 3H20 It can be seen from the above equation that the negative (Pb) and the positive (PbO2) plates are converted to lead sulphate. The sulphating process can be reversed by charging to convert the negative and positive plates back to spongy lead and lead peroxide, respectivPly. However, if a battery is left in a fully discharged state with the plates in the form of lead sulphate, the battery will eventually fail by an inability to take a charge.
Moreover, heavy sulphating of the positive plates can lead to mechanical stresses which can, in turn, lead to shedding of the active material and cracking of the grid.
The battery will then no longer be able to hold a charge.
'~ .. ~ : ~ : ', . - ', - .
3 ~ 7 Lead-acid batteries possess the advantages of having a high electromotive force (emf), an ability to be used in a wide temperature range, and a long shelf life under dry-state storage condition. However, disadvantages of lead-acid batteries include low electrical energy, low utilization of active material (lowest discharge rate is less than 60%~ and a limited life span.
The main factors affecting the performance life span of a lead-acid battery are the loss of active material from the positive plate, deformation and corrosion of the plate grid and sulphation of the polar plates. In an effort to solve the above problems, researchers in Great Britain, the United States and Japan have been conducting experiments to identify additives to supplement conventional lead-acid battery electrolyte. Additives such as AD-2 and VX-6, however, are helpful in overcoming the problems o~
sulphation but are unable to solve the problem associated with the loss of active material from the positive plate o~
the battery.
An object of the present invention is to provide an additive for addition to an electrolyte for a lead-acid battery to enhance the efficiency and power recovery of the battery.
Accordingly, one aspect of the invention provides an additive for an electrolyte of a lead-acid battery ~omprising magnesium sulphate, aluminum sulphate~ cadmium sulphate, tartaric acid and EDTA2 sodium in distilled water.
Another aspect of the invention provides for a method for preparing an additive for an electrolyte for a lead-acid battery comprising the steps of: (1) weighing the following materials according to weight percentage:
magnesium sulphate 3 - 10%, aluminum sulphate 15 -30%, cadmium sulphate 1 - 8%, tartaric acid 10 - 30%, EDTA2 2:~ ~ a3~7 sodium 1 - 5% and distilled water 18 - 70%; (2) adding the weighed materials in the same order into the distilled water; and ~3) stirring the solution until all the chemicals are dissolved.
Another aspect of the invention provides for a method for preparing an additive for an electrolyte for a lead-acid battery comprising the steps of~ weighing the following materials according to weight percentage:
magnesium sulphate 3 - 10%, aluminum sulphate 15 - 30%, cadmium sulphate 1 - 8%, tartaric acid 10 - 30%, EDTA2 sodium 1 - 5% and distilled water 18 - 70%; (2) adding the weighed materials to the distilled water; and ~3) stirring the solution until all the chemicals are dissolved.
In accordance with the present invention, the additive is able to prevent the polar plates of a lead-acid battery from sulphation, and to minimize the loss of active material from the positive plate. In addition, the additive improves low-temperature performance of the lead-acid battery due to the enhancement of the electrolytic activity.
The additive according to this invention consists of magnesium sulphate, aluminum sulphate, cadmium sulphate, tartaric acid and EDTA2 sodium in distilled water.
Preferably, the concentration of magnesium sulphate is in the range of from about 3 to 10% (by weight), the concentration of aluminum sulphate is in the range of from about 15 to 30%, the concentration of cadmium sulphate is in the range of from about 1 to 8%, the concentration of tartaric acid is in the range of from about 10 to 30%, and the concentration of ~DTA2 sodium is in the range of from about 1 to 5% in distilled water.
One method for preparing this additive is to first weigh the above materials in accordance with the percentage prescribed; then add the weighed materials in the order 3 ~ 7 given above into the distilled water; and, lastly, stir the solution until all the chemicals are dissolved.
Another method for preparation of the additive is to stir and dissolve the prescribed quantity of EDTA2 sodium in distilled water. Aluminum sulphate and magnesium sulphate are then added, separately or as a mixture thereof, to the EDTA2 sodium solution and the solution is stirred to dissolve the aluminum sulphate and magnesium sulphate. The prescribed amount of tartaric acid is then added and dissolved in the solution. Finally the prescribed amount of cadmium sulphate is added to the solution and dissolved therein.
The additive produced according to these methods is milky in appearance. A white precipitate may form which does not affect the ~uality. The additive is not corrosive, not volatile and tasteless. The additive should be stored at a temperature in the range of from about 0 to 40C.
The additive may be added to the electrolyte of old and new lead-acid batteries. In the case of a new lead-acid battery, a conventional electrolyte, having a density of 1.260 - 1.280, for example, is added to the battery and allowed to stand for 4 to 6 hours. The additive is then added to the electrolyte and the battery is allowed to stand for 24 hours. The battery may then be charyed, in a manner known to those skilled in the art, until the battery is sufficiently charged.
In the case of an old lead-acid battery, it is preferable that the battery does not have any mechanical damage and that the loss of active material is not too severe. The additive of the present invention is most effective on batteries wherein the charging capacity is not less than 70%. The additive is added to the electrolyte and -~`" ` 2~357 the battery is charged in a manner known to those skilled in the art.
Once the additive has been added to the electrolyte, it is not normally necessary to make further additions unless the plates and electrolyte are replaced. -The effective amount of the additive required varieis with the capacity of the storage battery as follows~
(a) Storage battery below 200 ampere-hour:
Amount per battery cell = Ampere-hour x 0.33 ml E.g. For a battery with 105 ampere-hour, each cell would require 105 x 0.33 ml, or 35 ml additive (b) Storage battery over 200 ampere-hour~
Amount per battery cell = Ampere-hour x 0.22 ml E.g. For a battery with 300 ampere-hour, each cell would require 300 x 0.22 ml, or 66 ml additive (c) For batteries used for emergency lights, motorcycles and miner's lamps, the effectiv~ amount of additive is 5 ml per cell.
The advantages of this invention are:
~a) extending the performance life span for both new and old lead-acid batteries;
(b) increasing the utilization of the active material;
(c) increasing the charging efficiency, reducing discharge and prolonging tha shelf life of the batteries:
(d~ enhancing the battery output power and improving the low-temperature starting performance of the battery;
and (e) reducing evaporation of the distilled water in the battery.
The following Example illustrates the invention.
Example 10 g of magnesium sulphate, 20 g of aluminum sulphate, 5 g of cadmium sulphate, 15 g of tartaric acid and `
6 ;~-~
3 g of EDTA2 sodium were added to 47 g of distilled water in the order prescribed above. The resulting solution was stirred sufficiently until all the chemicals were dissolved in the distilled water. The additive is thus formed. This additive can restore a sulphated motorcycle battery to be reused for another six months or longer.
Claims (15)
1. An additive for an electrolyte of a lead-acid battery comprising magnesium sulphate, aluminum sulphate, cadmium sulphate, tartaric acid and EDTA2 sodium in distilled water.
2. An additive according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of magnesium sulphate is in the range of from about 3 to 10% by weight.
3. An additive according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of aluminum sulphate is in the range of from about 15 to 30% by weight.
4. An additive according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of cadmium sulphate is in the range of from about 1 to 8% by weight.
5. An additive according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of tartaric acid is in the range of from about 10 to 30% by weight.
6. An additive according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of EDTA2 sodium is in the range of from about 1 to 5% by weight.
7. An additive according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of magnesium sulphate is 10% by weight.
8. An additive according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of aluminum sulphate is 20% by weight.
9. An additive according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of cadmium sulphate is 5% by weight.
10. An additive according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of tartaric acid is 15% by weight.
11. An additive according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of EDTA2 sodium is 3% by weight.
12. A method for preparing an additive for an electrolyte for a lead-acid battery comprising the steps of:
(1) weighing the following materials according to weight percentage: magnesium sulphate 3 -10%, aluminum sulphate 15 - 30%, cadmium sulphate 1 - 8%, tartaric acid 10 - 30%, EDTA2 sodium l - 5% and distilled water 18 -70%;
(2) adding the weighed materials in the same order into the distilled water; and (3) stirring the solution until all the chemicals are dissolved.
(1) weighing the following materials according to weight percentage: magnesium sulphate 3 -10%, aluminum sulphate 15 - 30%, cadmium sulphate 1 - 8%, tartaric acid 10 - 30%, EDTA2 sodium l - 5% and distilled water 18 -70%;
(2) adding the weighed materials in the same order into the distilled water; and (3) stirring the solution until all the chemicals are dissolved.
13. A method for preparing an additive for an electrolyte for a lead-acid battery comprising the steps of:
(1) weighing the following materials according to weight percentage: magnesium sulphate 3 -10%, aluminum sulphate 15 - 30%, cadmium sulphate 1 - 8%, tartaric acid 10 - 30%, EDTA2 sodium 1 - 5% and distilled water 18 -70%;
(2) adding the weighed materials to the distilled water, and (3) stirring the solution until all the chemicals are dissolved.
(1) weighing the following materials according to weight percentage: magnesium sulphate 3 -10%, aluminum sulphate 15 - 30%, cadmium sulphate 1 - 8%, tartaric acid 10 - 30%, EDTA2 sodium 1 - 5% and distilled water 18 -70%;
(2) adding the weighed materials to the distilled water, and (3) stirring the solution until all the chemicals are dissolved.
14. A method according to claim 13, wherein the weighed materials are added to the distilled water in the following order: EDTA2 sodium, aluminum sulphate and magnesium sulphate, tartaric acid and cadmium sulphate.
15. A method for enhancing the efficiency of a lead-acid battery comprising the steps of:
(a) providing an additive as claimed in claim 1;
(b) adding the additive to the electrolyte of the lead-acid battery, (c) allowing the battery to stand for a predetermined amount of time; and (d) charging the battery.
(a) providing an additive as claimed in claim 1;
(b) adding the additive to the electrolyte of the lead-acid battery, (c) allowing the battery to stand for a predetermined amount of time; and (d) charging the battery.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN92114070A CN1087754A (en) | 1992-11-30 | 1992-11-30 | A kind of Synergistic recovery agent for lead-acid accumulator jar |
| CN92-1-14070.3 | 1992-11-30 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2110357A1 true CA2110357A1 (en) | 1994-05-31 |
Family
ID=4946782
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2110357 Abandoned CA2110357A1 (en) | 1992-11-30 | 1993-11-30 | Additive for lead-acid battery electrolyte |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1087754A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2110357A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101552355B (en) * | 2008-04-01 | 2012-02-29 | 于冬远 | Battery cell intensifier and a preparation method thereof |
| CN101853960B (en) * | 2009-04-03 | 2014-01-29 | 王海湘 | Lead-acid battery active agent |
| CN105914416A (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2016-08-31 | 山西嘉禾兴节能技术有限公司 | Waste lead-acid storage battery repairing activating agent and use method thereof |
-
1992
- 1992-11-30 CN CN92114070A patent/CN1087754A/en active Pending
-
1993
- 1993-11-30 CA CA 2110357 patent/CA2110357A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1087754A (en) | 1994-06-08 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Dead |