CA2094621A1 - Process for brazing zirconium alloy elements - Google Patents
Process for brazing zirconium alloy elementsInfo
- Publication number
- CA2094621A1 CA2094621A1 CA 2094621 CA2094621A CA2094621A1 CA 2094621 A1 CA2094621 A1 CA 2094621A1 CA 2094621 CA2094621 CA 2094621 CA 2094621 A CA2094621 A CA 2094621A CA 2094621 A1 CA2094621 A1 CA 2094621A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- beryllium
- zirconium alloy
- tube
- paste
- zirconium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
- C23C26/02—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00 applying molten material to the substrate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/32—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at more than 1550 degrees C
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
- C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
- C23C10/30—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes using a layer of powder or paste on the surface
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
- B23K35/0244—Powders, particles or spheres; Preforms made therefrom
- B23K35/025—Pastes, creams, slurries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
- Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
Abstract
PROCESS FOR BRAZING ZIRCONIUM ALLOY ELEMENTS
ABSTRACT OF THE INVENTION
A process for brazing zirconium alloy elements to nuclear fuel rods is taught. The process includes coating the element with beryllium-containing brazing paste and heating the element to form an alloy layer on the element. The element is then placed on a fuel rod and once again heated to allow the alloy to flow to fill the space between the element and the rod. The present invention provides a good braze while avoiding use of finely divided beryllium at the work site.
ABSTRACT OF THE INVENTION
A process for brazing zirconium alloy elements to nuclear fuel rods is taught. The process includes coating the element with beryllium-containing brazing paste and heating the element to form an alloy layer on the element. The element is then placed on a fuel rod and once again heated to allow the alloy to flow to fill the space between the element and the rod. The present invention provides a good braze while avoiding use of finely divided beryllium at the work site.
Description
- 2094621 ~
. . ~.
': ;
. . .
.: .:-PROCESS FOR BRAZING ZIRCONIUM ALLOY ELEMENTS
..
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to methods for production of nuclear fuel and in particular, methods for producing beryllium coated zirconium alloy elements and methods for joining a zirconium alloy element to a zirconium alloy tube.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
A CANDU nuclear fuel bundle is comprised of a plurality of nuclear fuel rods. Fuel rods are normally clad with an alloy of zirconium. In the assembly of nuclear fuel rods small zirconium alloy components are brazed to the surface of the zirconium alloy tubes.
These small components are referred to as spacer pads or bearing pads. ~ .
. . ~.
': ;
. . .
.: .:-PROCESS FOR BRAZING ZIRCONIUM ALLOY ELEMENTS
..
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to methods for production of nuclear fuel and in particular, methods for producing beryllium coated zirconium alloy elements and methods for joining a zirconium alloy element to a zirconium alloy tube.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
A CANDU nuclear fuel bundle is comprised of a plurality of nuclear fuel rods. Fuel rods are normally clad with an alloy of zirconium. In the assembly of nuclear fuel rods small zirconium alloy components are brazed to the surface of the zirconium alloy tubes.
These small components are referred to as spacer pads or bearing pads. ~ .
-2 - 209~ 621 GECAN3109 In the present practise, beryllium is applied to a strip of zirconium alloy by vapor deposition and pads are punched from the coated strip. The strip is first sand blasted to prepare the surface and placed in a vacuum chamber. Inside the chamber, the beryllium is applied to the prepared surface by vapor deposition. The coated strip is then punched to produce beryllium coated pads. A
satisfactory braze is obtained by tack welding the beryllium coated pad to the tube and heating the tube together with the pad until the beryllium combines with the zirconium of the element to form a molten alloy which fills the space between the pad and the tube.
This process is quite satisfactory from a point of view of results.
There are, however, disadvantages to this process.
First, the vapor deposited beryllium forms a weak bond with the pad often resulting in the beryllium flaking off during the punching process. Beryllium is known as a hazardous element. In the workplace, the presence of finely divided beryllium requires elaborate precautions for worker health and safety. Additionally, the formation of the alloy requires the solution of the zirconium in the beryllium and this may cause undue penetration of the braze into the wall of the tube since a portion of the zirconium must come from the tube. The resultant thinning of the zirconium of the tube wall may be detrimental, causing weakening of the fuel rod at the point of the spacer.
, It has been discovered that the use of beryllium- ~ .
containing paste for producing beryllium coated zirconium alloy pads -overcomes the foregoing problems encountered in the present ~ -:
practise.
~3- 209~!621 GECAN3109 ~:
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
: : .
According to a broad aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for beryliium coating a zirconium alloy i element for use in nuclear fuel production comprising; :~
applying a beryllium-containing paste to the zirconium alloyelement, and heating the element and the paste, in an inert atmosphere or vacuum, to a temperature sufficient to permit a beryllium-zirconium alloy to form on a surface of the element.
According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of joining a zirconium alloy element to a zirconium alloy tube comprising;
- applying a beryllium-containing paste to the zirconium alloy element, heating the element and the paste, in an inert atmosphere or vacuum, to a temperature sufficient to permit a beryllium-zirconium alloy to form on a surface of the element, placing the element onto the zirconium alloy tube to form a space between the element and the tube, heating the element and the tube, in an inert ; ~
atmosphere or vacuum, to a temperature sufficient to permit the ~:
beryllium-zirconium ailoy to flow to fill the space between the tube . ~;
andtheelement. ~ ;
.-~'.'' :
.. ~ . '. ~
' - .: ':~'',`~,, ....
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
The surface of a zirconium alloy element may be coated with beryllium by the method of the present invention, in preparation for attachment to a zirconium alloy nuclear fuel rod. The method comprises applying a beryllium-containing paste to the element and heating the combination to a temperature sufficient to permit a beryllium-zirconium alloy to form on the surface of the element.
Although brazing pastes are commonly known in the metal joining industry, beryllium-containing paste is not presently employed in the CANDU nuclear industry. The beryllium-containing paste of the present invention is comprised of a brazing binder as is commonly known in the art and beryllium-containing metal powder.
The binder is selected such that it is volatile at increased temperatures. Further, the binder is selected such that it boils off without leaving a residue, which would contaminate a brazed joint.
In particular, a petroleum-based binder is preferred.
Finely dividedl beryllium-containing metal powder is added to the binder in an amount which will provide an adequate amount of metal to coat the element while providing a viscosity of paste which may be spread. In particular, the paste comprises up to about 80% by weight of finely divided beryllium-containing metal powder. Preferablyl the paste comprises 20% - 30% by weight of metal powder. The beryllium-containing metal powder comprises from 100% to 5% by weight of beryllium and 0% to 95% by weight of zirconium. Preferablyl the metal powder comprises from 100% to 90% by weight of beryllium and 0% to 10% of zirconium. The paste ,", ',' ' ~:~' ~'' ~ ~ ' '''.
-5- 209A~21 GECAN3109 ,_~
of the present invention may be produced at the beryiliurn supplier site, thereby reducing the number of sites exposed to the hazardous berylliumpowder.
To effect the coating of the element, the beryllium-containing paste is applied to the element. The paste/element combination is then heated to a temperature sufficient to permit a beryllium-zirconium alloy to form on the surface of the element. The temperature at which a beryllium zirconium alloy will form is commonly known in the art. In the preferred embodiment, a temperature of between about 950C and 1,100C is employed. The heating must be completed in an inert atmosphere, for example under argon or helium or in a vacuum to prevent oxidation of the zirconium metal. The heating drives off the binder and fuses the beryllium to form a layer of beryllium-zirconium alloy on the surface of the element. The element is then cooled to room temperature, preferably in an inert atmosphere. The coated elements are now ready for use in the production of nuclear fuel. Zirconium alloy elements used in the present invention are commonly referred to as pads. The two types of pads envisaged by the present in\lention are typically spacer pads and bearing pads. Because pads may be produced from zirconium alloy strip or wire, the claims of the present invention also cover a method for beryllium coating zirconium alloy wire or strip.
In a preferred aspect of the present invention there is a continuous process for coating a length of zirconium alloy wire. In the preferred method, the paste is continuously applied to a moving wire which subsequently passes through heating and cooling - 6 - ~ l) 9 ~ ~ ~CAN3109 equipment. The coated wire is cropped into appropriate lengths for use as spacer pads or bearing pads.
The coated element of the present invention may be attached to a zirconium alloy tube for production of a nuclear fuel rod. The element is placed on the tube and the element/tube combination is heated to a temperature sufficient to permit the beryllium-zirconium alloy from the element surface to flow to fill the space between the tube and the element.
As is commonly known in the art, the element is placed on the tube, in close contact with the tube surface, by tack welding.
The temperature at which the beryllium-zirconium alloy will melt and flow to fill the space between the element and the tube is once again known by those skilled in the art. In the practise of this invention, temperatures of between 950C to 1,100C are preferred. The heating is once again carried out under an inert atmosphere or : :.
vacuum.
It is preferred that the paste be applied to the element in a thin layer. The thickness of the applied layer depends essentially on the metal content of the paste. In the preferred embodiment, a layer of paste is applied which is sufficient to provide a quantity of molten alloy which will cover the surface of the element, while preventing the production of an excess of alloy, which will pool. The paste application should be restricted to a surface of interest on the element. The paste may be applied on the surface of the element such that the alloy will form on the surface that will be adjacent the tube once the element is placed on the tube. Alternatively, the paste may be applied such that the alloy will form on a surface where - 7 - 2 0 9 4 ~ 2~ECAN31 09 capillary action will act to draw the molten alloy into the space between the element and the tube once the element is placed on the tube.
The brazed joint, produced by the method of the present invention, exhibits favorable characteristics. The joint is smooth, without voids and forms evenly between the element and the tube.
Since the molten alloy in the joint is supplied to a large extent by the element alloy layer, there is a negligible amount of penetration of the braze into the tube wall.
~" ~" ;. , ~.'; ' ~ . .
satisfactory braze is obtained by tack welding the beryllium coated pad to the tube and heating the tube together with the pad until the beryllium combines with the zirconium of the element to form a molten alloy which fills the space between the pad and the tube.
This process is quite satisfactory from a point of view of results.
There are, however, disadvantages to this process.
First, the vapor deposited beryllium forms a weak bond with the pad often resulting in the beryllium flaking off during the punching process. Beryllium is known as a hazardous element. In the workplace, the presence of finely divided beryllium requires elaborate precautions for worker health and safety. Additionally, the formation of the alloy requires the solution of the zirconium in the beryllium and this may cause undue penetration of the braze into the wall of the tube since a portion of the zirconium must come from the tube. The resultant thinning of the zirconium of the tube wall may be detrimental, causing weakening of the fuel rod at the point of the spacer.
, It has been discovered that the use of beryllium- ~ .
containing paste for producing beryllium coated zirconium alloy pads -overcomes the foregoing problems encountered in the present ~ -:
practise.
~3- 209~!621 GECAN3109 ~:
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
: : .
According to a broad aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for beryliium coating a zirconium alloy i element for use in nuclear fuel production comprising; :~
applying a beryllium-containing paste to the zirconium alloyelement, and heating the element and the paste, in an inert atmosphere or vacuum, to a temperature sufficient to permit a beryllium-zirconium alloy to form on a surface of the element.
According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of joining a zirconium alloy element to a zirconium alloy tube comprising;
- applying a beryllium-containing paste to the zirconium alloy element, heating the element and the paste, in an inert atmosphere or vacuum, to a temperature sufficient to permit a beryllium-zirconium alloy to form on a surface of the element, placing the element onto the zirconium alloy tube to form a space between the element and the tube, heating the element and the tube, in an inert ; ~
atmosphere or vacuum, to a temperature sufficient to permit the ~:
beryllium-zirconium ailoy to flow to fill the space between the tube . ~;
andtheelement. ~ ;
.-~'.'' :
.. ~ . '. ~
' - .: ':~'',`~,, ....
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
The surface of a zirconium alloy element may be coated with beryllium by the method of the present invention, in preparation for attachment to a zirconium alloy nuclear fuel rod. The method comprises applying a beryllium-containing paste to the element and heating the combination to a temperature sufficient to permit a beryllium-zirconium alloy to form on the surface of the element.
Although brazing pastes are commonly known in the metal joining industry, beryllium-containing paste is not presently employed in the CANDU nuclear industry. The beryllium-containing paste of the present invention is comprised of a brazing binder as is commonly known in the art and beryllium-containing metal powder.
The binder is selected such that it is volatile at increased temperatures. Further, the binder is selected such that it boils off without leaving a residue, which would contaminate a brazed joint.
In particular, a petroleum-based binder is preferred.
Finely dividedl beryllium-containing metal powder is added to the binder in an amount which will provide an adequate amount of metal to coat the element while providing a viscosity of paste which may be spread. In particular, the paste comprises up to about 80% by weight of finely divided beryllium-containing metal powder. Preferablyl the paste comprises 20% - 30% by weight of metal powder. The beryllium-containing metal powder comprises from 100% to 5% by weight of beryllium and 0% to 95% by weight of zirconium. Preferablyl the metal powder comprises from 100% to 90% by weight of beryllium and 0% to 10% of zirconium. The paste ,", ',' ' ~:~' ~'' ~ ~ ' '''.
-5- 209A~21 GECAN3109 ,_~
of the present invention may be produced at the beryiliurn supplier site, thereby reducing the number of sites exposed to the hazardous berylliumpowder.
To effect the coating of the element, the beryllium-containing paste is applied to the element. The paste/element combination is then heated to a temperature sufficient to permit a beryllium-zirconium alloy to form on the surface of the element. The temperature at which a beryllium zirconium alloy will form is commonly known in the art. In the preferred embodiment, a temperature of between about 950C and 1,100C is employed. The heating must be completed in an inert atmosphere, for example under argon or helium or in a vacuum to prevent oxidation of the zirconium metal. The heating drives off the binder and fuses the beryllium to form a layer of beryllium-zirconium alloy on the surface of the element. The element is then cooled to room temperature, preferably in an inert atmosphere. The coated elements are now ready for use in the production of nuclear fuel. Zirconium alloy elements used in the present invention are commonly referred to as pads. The two types of pads envisaged by the present in\lention are typically spacer pads and bearing pads. Because pads may be produced from zirconium alloy strip or wire, the claims of the present invention also cover a method for beryllium coating zirconium alloy wire or strip.
In a preferred aspect of the present invention there is a continuous process for coating a length of zirconium alloy wire. In the preferred method, the paste is continuously applied to a moving wire which subsequently passes through heating and cooling - 6 - ~ l) 9 ~ ~ ~CAN3109 equipment. The coated wire is cropped into appropriate lengths for use as spacer pads or bearing pads.
The coated element of the present invention may be attached to a zirconium alloy tube for production of a nuclear fuel rod. The element is placed on the tube and the element/tube combination is heated to a temperature sufficient to permit the beryllium-zirconium alloy from the element surface to flow to fill the space between the tube and the element.
As is commonly known in the art, the element is placed on the tube, in close contact with the tube surface, by tack welding.
The temperature at which the beryllium-zirconium alloy will melt and flow to fill the space between the element and the tube is once again known by those skilled in the art. In the practise of this invention, temperatures of between 950C to 1,100C are preferred. The heating is once again carried out under an inert atmosphere or : :.
vacuum.
It is preferred that the paste be applied to the element in a thin layer. The thickness of the applied layer depends essentially on the metal content of the paste. In the preferred embodiment, a layer of paste is applied which is sufficient to provide a quantity of molten alloy which will cover the surface of the element, while preventing the production of an excess of alloy, which will pool. The paste application should be restricted to a surface of interest on the element. The paste may be applied on the surface of the element such that the alloy will form on the surface that will be adjacent the tube once the element is placed on the tube. Alternatively, the paste may be applied such that the alloy will form on a surface where - 7 - 2 0 9 4 ~ 2~ECAN31 09 capillary action will act to draw the molten alloy into the space between the element and the tube once the element is placed on the tube.
The brazed joint, produced by the method of the present invention, exhibits favorable characteristics. The joint is smooth, without voids and forms evenly between the element and the tube.
Since the molten alloy in the joint is supplied to a large extent by the element alloy layer, there is a negligible amount of penetration of the braze into the tube wall.
~" ~" ;. , ~.'; ' ~ . .
Claims (17)
1. A method for beryllium coating a zirconium alloy element for use in nuclear fuel production comprising;
applying a beryllium-containing paste to the zirconium alloy element, and heating the element and the paste, in an inert atmosphere or vacuum, to a temperature sufficient to permit a beryllium-zirconium alloy to form on a surface of the element.
applying a beryllium-containing paste to the zirconium alloy element, and heating the element and the paste, in an inert atmosphere or vacuum, to a temperature sufficient to permit a beryllium-zirconium alloy to form on a surface of the element.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the beryllium-containing paste is comprised of a volatile, petroleum-based binder and up to about 80% by weight finely divided beryllium-containing metal powder.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the beryllium-containing metal powder comprises from 100% to 5% by weight of beryllium and 0%
to 95% zirconium.
to 95% zirconium.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the element is cooled in an inert atmosphere or vacuum after the heating process.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the element is a spacer pad.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the element is a bearing pad.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the element is a wire.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the process is continuous such that the paste is applied to a moving length of wire.
9. A method of joining a zirconium alloy element to a zirconium alloy tube comprising;
applying a beryllium-containing paste to the zirconium alloy element, heating the element and the paste, in an inert atmosphere or vacuum, to a temperature sufficient to permit a beryllium-zirconium alloy to form on a surface of the element, placing the element onto the zirconium alloy tube to form a space between the element and the tube, heating the element and the tube, in an inert atmosphere, to a temperature sufficient to permit the beryllium-zirconium alloy to flow to fill the space between the tube and the element.
applying a beryllium-containing paste to the zirconium alloy element, heating the element and the paste, in an inert atmosphere or vacuum, to a temperature sufficient to permit a beryllium-zirconium alloy to form on a surface of the element, placing the element onto the zirconium alloy tube to form a space between the element and the tube, heating the element and the tube, in an inert atmosphere, to a temperature sufficient to permit the beryllium-zirconium alloy to flow to fill the space between the tube and the element.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein the beryllium-containing paste is comprised of a volatile, petroleum-based binder and up to about 80% by weight finely divided beryllium-containing metal powder.
11. The method of claim 10 wherein the beryllium-containing metal powder comprises from 100% to 5% by weight of beryllium and 0%
to 95% zirconium.
to 95% zirconium.
12. The method of claim 9 wherein the element is placed on the tube by tack welding.
13. The method of claim 9 wherein the element is cooled in an inert atmosphere or vacuum after the heating process.
14. The method of claim 9 wherein the element is a spacer pad.
15. The method of claim 9 wherein the element is a bearing pad.
16. The method of claim 9 wherein the element is a wire which is cropped into pads before placement on the tube.
17. The method of claim 9 wherein the paste is applied to the element such that the alloy forms on a surface that will be adjacent the tube when the element is placed on the tube.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2094621 CA2094621A1 (en) | 1993-04-22 | 1993-04-22 | Process for brazing zirconium alloy elements |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2094621 CA2094621A1 (en) | 1993-04-22 | 1993-04-22 | Process for brazing zirconium alloy elements |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2094621A1 true CA2094621A1 (en) | 1994-10-23 |
Family
ID=4151504
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2094621 Abandoned CA2094621A1 (en) | 1993-04-22 | 1993-04-22 | Process for brazing zirconium alloy elements |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2094621A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0693752A1 (en) * | 1994-07-21 | 1996-01-24 | Mitsubishi Nuclear Fuel Co. | Method of forming grids for nuclear fuel assembly and grids formed by same method |
-
1993
- 1993-04-22 CA CA 2094621 patent/CA2094621A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0693752A1 (en) * | 1994-07-21 | 1996-01-24 | Mitsubishi Nuclear Fuel Co. | Method of forming grids for nuclear fuel assembly and grids formed by same method |
| US5577081A (en) * | 1994-07-21 | 1996-11-19 | Mitsubishi Nuclear Fuel Co. | Method of forming grids for nuclear fuel assembly and grids formed by same method |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Dead |