CA2083415C - Pills or pellets containing genetic material and inert carrier material and method for their preparation - Google Patents
Pills or pellets containing genetic material and inert carrier material and method for their preparationInfo
- Publication number
- CA2083415C CA2083415C CA002083415A CA2083415A CA2083415C CA 2083415 C CA2083415 C CA 2083415C CA 002083415 A CA002083415 A CA 002083415A CA 2083415 A CA2083415 A CA 2083415A CA 2083415 C CA2083415 C CA 2083415C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- genetic material
- pills
- adhesive layer
- adhesive
- core
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 239000006187 pill Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000855 fungicidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 claims 6
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002226 simultaneous effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 38
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 chalk Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005526 G1 to G0 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000208672 Lobelia Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009501 film coating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007888 film coating Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YUBJPYNSGLJZPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dithiopyr Chemical compound CSC(=O)C1=C(C(F)F)N=C(C(F)(F)F)C(C(=O)SC)=C1CC(C)C YUBJPYNSGLJZPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000426 Microplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000985694 Polypodiopsida Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CURLHBZYTFVCRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-yl n-(3-chlorophenyl)carbamate Chemical compound CCC(C)OC(=O)NC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 CURLHBZYTFVCRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H4/00—Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
- A01H4/005—Methods for micropropagation; Vegetative plant propagation using cell or tissue culture techniques
- A01H4/006—Encapsulated embryos for plant reproduction, e.g. artificial seeds
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
Abstract
Pills or pellets containing genetic material and in-ert carrier material, characterized in that the inert carrier material forms the core of the pills or pellets, while the genetic material is distributed in a multitude around the co-re, adhering to that core in an adhesive layer and method for the preparation of pills or pellets containing genetic materi-al and inert carrier material, characterized in that onto co-res formed from inert carrier material a fluid adhesive con-taining genetic material is applied, if necessary diluted with other material, in a quantity corresponding with at least two genetic material units per present inert core, making up the adhesive layer, or that the genetic material is first mixed with a powdery adhesive, if necessary diluted with other pow-dery material in a quantity so that per present core at least two genetic material units are available, after which the mix-ture of genetic material and at least adhesive, and simulta-neous addition of fluid to form the adhesive layer, is ap-plied to the core, and finally, if desired, the layer is dried.
Description
- Pills or pellets containing genetic material and inert car-rier material and method for their preparation The invention relates to pills or pellets containing genetic material and inert carrier material and to a method for their preparation.
Such pills or pellets and the methods of their prepa-ration are known, for instance, from the abstracts Seed Treat-ments, "Developments and Prospects", by A.A. Powell and S.
Matthews, Outlook on Agriculture, vol. 17, No. 3, 1988 and Technical and Commercial Aspects of Seed Pelleting and Film Coating, by P. Halmer, Proceedings of a Symposium by the BCPC, 1988.
In the known methods for pill making or pelletizing the common essence is a target object, the seed, of which each individual part is covered, forming a pill or pellet, contai-ning as core one seed only. For most seeds and markets this is desirable but for some it is not. Many flower seed pills could advantageously contain several seeds, but these cannot be co-vered by the existing methods.
Also, the existing methods are only suitable for ma-king pills from or pelletizing relatively large seeds, as the pelletizing process is based on gravity. Covering small seeds individually meets with difficulties. In general the limit is a main dimension of 300 ~m, with difficulties arising with seeds below 500 ~m. Genetic material with dimensions in the order of 10-100 ~m, such as for instance spores of ferns, fun-gi, for instance mushrooms and so on, cannot successfully bepelletized individually. Moreover, there is a definite need for several units of genetic material per seed unit.
Therefore there is a great demand for pills and pel-lets containing genetic material and inert carrier material, as well as a method for the preparation of these pills or pel-lets by which genetic material of small dimensions can also be pelletized and whereby the resulting pills may contain several seeds or spores.
Accordingly, the invention provides pills or pellets containing genetic material and inert carrier material, cha-racterized in that the inert carrier material forms the core 20~341 5 of the pills or pellets, while the genetic material is distributed in multiples around the core, adhering in an adhesive layer to that core.
The invention also comprises a method for the preparation of pills or pellets containing genetic material and inert carrier material, characterized in that a fluid adhesive containing genetic material, if necessary diluted with other material, in a quantity corresponding with at least two genetic material units per present inert core, making up the adhesive layer, is applied to cores formed from inert carrier material, or that the genetic material is first mixed with a powdery adhesive, if necessary diluted with other powdery material, in a quantity so that per present core at least two genetic material units are available, after which the mixture of genetic material and at least adhesive, simultaneously adding fluid to form the adhesive - layer, is applied to the core, and finally, if desired, the layer is dried.
According to one broad aspect of the present invention, there is provided pills or pellets containing genetic material and inert carrier material, characterized in that the inert carrier material forms the core of the pills or pellets, while the genetic material is distributed in a multitude around the core, adhering to the core in or on an adhesive layer.
According to another broad aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of preparation of pills or pellets containing genetic material and inert carrier material, characterized in that the inert carrier material forms the core of the pills or pellets while the genetic material is distributed in a multitude around the core, adhering to the core in or on an adhesive layer, said method characterized in that a fluid 20~34 1 5 2a adhesive containing genetic material, if necessary diluted with other material, in a quantity corresponding with at least two genetic material units per present inert core, making up the adhesive layer, is applied to cores formed from inert carrier material, or that the genetic material is first mixed with a powdery adhesive, if necessary diluted with other powdery material in a quantity so that per present core, at least two genetic material units are available, after which the mixture of genetic material and at least adhesive, with the simultaneous addition of fluid to form the adhesive layer is applied to the core and finally, if desired, the layer is dried.
It has been shown that such multi-seed pills, of which the core is formed from inert carrier material and the genetic material is distributed in a multitude around the inert core in an adhesive layer, allow good and more or less reproducible sowing of small genetic material such as fern spores, spores of fungi of 10 - 100 ~m, as well as fine seed of 60 - 500 ~m.
For the fluid adhesive one uses as a rule one of the usual adhesives known for pelletizing purposes, such as polymers which are dispersible or soluble in water, for instance polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate, cellulose derivatives, as well as copolymers and related polymers.
As the solid powdery mixture one uses as a rule one of the usual fillers and binding materials known for pelletizing purposes, such as clay, cellulose powder, chalk, vermiculite, turf, perlite, talcum and quarts flour. If desired, fillers, pigments etc. may be added to the formulation of the adhesive layer.
According to the invention one departs from an inert core material, for instance glass beads or perlite granules. The cores may be individually provided with an adhesive layer, c ~, ~
3 2~ 5 whereby, for instance, the spores are applied in a desired `- concentration by means of a solid or fluid formulation.
According to the invention one can also think of using a material for the inert core which, under the influen-ce of fluid, swells and then disintegrates or collapses anddissolves, which causes optimal spreading of, for example, the spores in the cells of a seed tray.
If desired one can enclose in the adhesive layer or in the mixture of genetic material and adhesive an insecticide and/or fungicide, for the protection of the genetic material.
Also, the physical and/or chemical properties of the adhesive layer can be determined such that optimal development, that is to say germination and growth of the target object, is achie-ved. This is called the microclimate. This can mean that the oxygen/water ratio is adjusted as well as the pH, and that pesticides, bio-stimulators or specific nutrients are added.
Characteristic for the invention is the presence per pill of at least 2 seeds, usually more than 5 seeds, increa-sing to several times ten (for example fern spores) or to hun-dreds to thousands (for example fungal spores, bacteria).
The invention is elucidated with reference to the ac-companying drawing, in which:
Fig. 1 is an enlarged cross-section of a pill accor-ding to the invention;
Fig. 2 is an enlarged cross-section of a second embo-diment;
Fig. 3 is an enlarged cross-section of a variation on the second embodiment; and Fig. 4 is an enlarged cross-section of a variation on the embodiment in Fig. 1.
The essence of the known coating system is that one departs from the seed as core, whereby the core material or the stationary phase consists in principle of the target ob-ject which finally is to expand. In general these cores are seeds. Around the core a layer is applied which, since it has to shape, could be called the mobile phase. This mobile phase may be fluid and then one speaks of a (film) coating process, which characteristically takes its course while simultaneously drying. The mobile phase can, however, also occur in powder form, whereby during simultaneous administration of fluid a 4 ~ 3~5 layered build-up takes place until a pill or pellet has - reached the desired size. This mobile phase is in principle free of genetic material and consists largely of inert carrier material, although active substances such as pesticides may be included.
In the multi-seed concept the principle is exactly reversed. As basis or stationary phase one departs from inert core material and the target object, essentially several units, are placed around the core via the mobile phase. This can be done in different ways, in one or more layers.
Fig. 1 shows a pill in cross-section whereby the ge-netic material 3 is applied in several units in a thin adhe-sive layer 2 around a core 1 of inert carrier material. This embodiment is very satisfactory if not much more needs to be added to the genetic material and/or if the material is to be applied in particular to the outside.
Fig. 2 shows another embodiment in cross-section, whereby first a somewhat thicker intermediate layer 4 is built up around a smaller core 1, which intermediate layer could be intended to include substances which may promote optimal deve-lopment, germination and growth, in other words for the micro-climate. Around the intermediate layer 4, which here determi-nes the final size of the pill, a thin adhesive layer 2 is applied with a multitude of genetic material 3.
Fig. 3 shows another embodiment of the two-layer-type (Fig. 2), in which first a thicker adhesive layer 2 with fil-ler is applied around the smaller core 1, with distributed over it the multitude of genetic material 3, and finally a coating 5 is applied over the whole. This coating may someti-mes be necessary to give the pill a smooth finish.
Fig. 4 shows a variation on the embodiment of Fig. 1.
Here the core 1 is small, but the adhesive layer 2 is thick and suitable for inclusion of additives and of larger amounts of genetic material 3.
In all these cases the term "core 1" means the total-ly inert basic material, that is to say the stationary phase.
The intermediate layer 4, consisting also essentially of car-rier material, also mobile phase, is a layer that may option-ally be applied underneath the final adhesive layer 2, which contains the target object (multitude of genetic material 3).
~33~S
The adhesive layer 2 is also mobile phase and may be - applied as solid or fluid form, but contains several units of the target object. The adhesive layer 5 is the mobile phase, applied for the finish and contains no target object.
The core material may be organic or inorganic, and of natural or synthetic origin. Examples are glass beads (solid as well as hollow), little plastic balls, selected perlite granules, selected granulates (possibly on sugar basis or on another water soluble basis, so that the core is completely dissolved in the ground), bentonite granulates that will dis-solve with moisture, flowing away in the ground from the pill or pellet, and such like.
The basis of the adhesive layer, the optional inter-mediate layer and the optional coating layer will consist of the same substances that are used in conventional pelletizing and film coating. Examples of substances in the optional in-termediate layer and in the adhesive layer are:
in the powdery basis: clay, cellulose powder, chalk, vermicu-lite, turf, perlite, talcum, quarts flour, and in the fluid basis : water-dispersible or -soluble polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cellulose derivatives, co-polymers and related polymers, to the outside layer, which in many cases is the adhesive layer, pig-ments may be added if desired.
For the multi-seed concept there is no lower limit, but in practice the smallest workable dimension for, for exam-ple spores of different origin, will be around 10-60 ~m. A
defined upper limit is also difficult to indicate. The larger the target object becomes, the more difficult it will be for the concept to be carried out. The lower limit for conventio-nal pelletizing (based on gravity) lies around 300 ~m. The multi-seed concept is in any case still applicable for objects of up-to about 500 ~m. Tests with lobelia seed of an average size of 575 ~m and a thickness of 350 ~m were reasonably suc-cessful (75% in the desired distribution).
The size of the core may vary between 0.5 and 3 mm in diameter, but must not be considered to be absolute. The size of the end-product may also vary a lot, depending on the in-6 2~$3~5 tended purpose. Usually the final size will be between 1 mm `~ round and 4 mm slot, which is the same as the usual seedpills. (The indications "round" and "slot" refer to the type of screen with which the size is measured.) The appearance of the pills is no different from the pills available according to the prior art so that they can also be sown using the exis-ting sowing devices.
The invention is further elucidated with the aid of the following non-limitative examples.
Multi-seed fern spores The size of the fern spores under consideration is about 50 ~m. A dispersion is prepared of the fern spores in a watery solution of 3% polyvinyl alcohol, adjusting the concen-tration of the spores in the dispersion to the desired number per pill, in this particular case 20 spores per pill. The dis-persion is acidified to the assumed optimal pH of 5.5-6Ø
In a fluid bed film coater, laboratory model, 50,000 plastic granules (because of low density these are easier to fluidize than, for instance, glass beads) being 2.5-3.0 mm round, are coated with the prepared dispersion of 20 spores per pill in the manner that is usual for seeds and dried si-multaneously, whereby an adhesive layer is formed on the gra-nules containing the spores in random distribution.
Example II
Multi-seed fern spores The size of the fern spores is about 50 ~m. From these spores a dry mixture is prepared with inert powder mate-rial consisting mainly of clay and quarts flour, whereby the concentration of the spores in the powder material is adjusted to the desired number per pill, in this particular example this is 20 spores per pill. The mixture is acidified to the assumed optimal pH of 5.5-6Ø (Measured after dilution with water).
100,000 glass granules being 0.75 mm round - 1.00 mm slot, are placed in a coating drum with a diameter of 55 cm.
As it is not desirable to end up with too large a glass gran-ule, a relatively small glass granule and a two-phase coating 7 ~ 34~
was chosen, applying first, as intermediate layer, a carrier material around the relatively small core. This material will eventually dissolve into the ground. The carrier material used in this example again consists mainly of clay and quarts flour. The intermediate layer is applied until the dimension reaches from 1.75-2.00 mm slot.
Lastly, the final adhesive layer with the spores is applied on-to the intermediate layer, realizing a final dimen-sion of 2.25-2.50 mm slot. Both the intermediate layer and the adhesive layer are applied while simultaneously a liquid spray on a water basis containing 5% polyvinyl alcohol is applied.
Finally the multi-seed pills are dried by the method that is usual for drying seed pills. The coating process is not essen-tially different from the conventional coating process.
kxample III
Multi-seed lobelia seeds Lobelia seeds are about 600 ~m long and about 300 ~m thick. The seeds are mixed in the desired concentration with an inert powder material mixture consisting mainly of clay, quarts flour and coarse fibre whereby the differently sized granules are distributed so as to keep separation of the rela-tively large seeds during the process to a minimum. The con-centration of the seeds in the mixture is adjusted to 5-10 seeds per pill.
lOO,ooO selected perlite granules having a diameter of 1.50-1.75 mm slot, are placed in a coating drum with a dia-meter of 55 cm. The rough surface of the perlite granules forms a good basis for adhesion for the coarse mixture. With the aid of a watery solution of 5% carboxymethyl cellulose a thick adhesive layer is applied while alternating moistening with sprinkling the powdery mixture (in the same way as with the conventional coating system).
The pill is further smoothly finished with the aid of an inert powder mixture consisting mainly of clay, quarts flour and talcum, realizing a final size of 3.0-3.5 mm slot.
Finally the multi-seed pills are dried by the method that is usual for drying seed pills.
8 ;~
~xam~le IV
- Multi-seed funqal s~ores The size of the fungal spores is about 15-35 ~m. The spores are mixed in the desired concentration with an inert powder material mixture consisting mainly of clay, wood flour and quarts flour. The concentration of the fungal spores in the mixture is adjusted to about 3000 spores per pill.
100,000 glass granules having a diameter of 0.75 mm round - 1.00 mm slot, are placed in a coating drum with a dia-meter of 55 cm. A thick adhesive layer is then applied aroundthe glass granules by alternating moistening with a liquid spray consisting of a 10% polyvinyl acetate in water and sprinkling on the mixture, realizing a final size of 3.0-3.5 mm slot. Dependent on utilization the multi-seed pills may be left moist (limited storage time at a low temperature) or be partly or totally dried for ultimate use.
Such pills or pellets and the methods of their prepa-ration are known, for instance, from the abstracts Seed Treat-ments, "Developments and Prospects", by A.A. Powell and S.
Matthews, Outlook on Agriculture, vol. 17, No. 3, 1988 and Technical and Commercial Aspects of Seed Pelleting and Film Coating, by P. Halmer, Proceedings of a Symposium by the BCPC, 1988.
In the known methods for pill making or pelletizing the common essence is a target object, the seed, of which each individual part is covered, forming a pill or pellet, contai-ning as core one seed only. For most seeds and markets this is desirable but for some it is not. Many flower seed pills could advantageously contain several seeds, but these cannot be co-vered by the existing methods.
Also, the existing methods are only suitable for ma-king pills from or pelletizing relatively large seeds, as the pelletizing process is based on gravity. Covering small seeds individually meets with difficulties. In general the limit is a main dimension of 300 ~m, with difficulties arising with seeds below 500 ~m. Genetic material with dimensions in the order of 10-100 ~m, such as for instance spores of ferns, fun-gi, for instance mushrooms and so on, cannot successfully bepelletized individually. Moreover, there is a definite need for several units of genetic material per seed unit.
Therefore there is a great demand for pills and pel-lets containing genetic material and inert carrier material, as well as a method for the preparation of these pills or pel-lets by which genetic material of small dimensions can also be pelletized and whereby the resulting pills may contain several seeds or spores.
Accordingly, the invention provides pills or pellets containing genetic material and inert carrier material, cha-racterized in that the inert carrier material forms the core 20~341 5 of the pills or pellets, while the genetic material is distributed in multiples around the core, adhering in an adhesive layer to that core.
The invention also comprises a method for the preparation of pills or pellets containing genetic material and inert carrier material, characterized in that a fluid adhesive containing genetic material, if necessary diluted with other material, in a quantity corresponding with at least two genetic material units per present inert core, making up the adhesive layer, is applied to cores formed from inert carrier material, or that the genetic material is first mixed with a powdery adhesive, if necessary diluted with other powdery material, in a quantity so that per present core at least two genetic material units are available, after which the mixture of genetic material and at least adhesive, simultaneously adding fluid to form the adhesive - layer, is applied to the core, and finally, if desired, the layer is dried.
According to one broad aspect of the present invention, there is provided pills or pellets containing genetic material and inert carrier material, characterized in that the inert carrier material forms the core of the pills or pellets, while the genetic material is distributed in a multitude around the core, adhering to the core in or on an adhesive layer.
According to another broad aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of preparation of pills or pellets containing genetic material and inert carrier material, characterized in that the inert carrier material forms the core of the pills or pellets while the genetic material is distributed in a multitude around the core, adhering to the core in or on an adhesive layer, said method characterized in that a fluid 20~34 1 5 2a adhesive containing genetic material, if necessary diluted with other material, in a quantity corresponding with at least two genetic material units per present inert core, making up the adhesive layer, is applied to cores formed from inert carrier material, or that the genetic material is first mixed with a powdery adhesive, if necessary diluted with other powdery material in a quantity so that per present core, at least two genetic material units are available, after which the mixture of genetic material and at least adhesive, with the simultaneous addition of fluid to form the adhesive layer is applied to the core and finally, if desired, the layer is dried.
It has been shown that such multi-seed pills, of which the core is formed from inert carrier material and the genetic material is distributed in a multitude around the inert core in an adhesive layer, allow good and more or less reproducible sowing of small genetic material such as fern spores, spores of fungi of 10 - 100 ~m, as well as fine seed of 60 - 500 ~m.
For the fluid adhesive one uses as a rule one of the usual adhesives known for pelletizing purposes, such as polymers which are dispersible or soluble in water, for instance polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate, cellulose derivatives, as well as copolymers and related polymers.
As the solid powdery mixture one uses as a rule one of the usual fillers and binding materials known for pelletizing purposes, such as clay, cellulose powder, chalk, vermiculite, turf, perlite, talcum and quarts flour. If desired, fillers, pigments etc. may be added to the formulation of the adhesive layer.
According to the invention one departs from an inert core material, for instance glass beads or perlite granules. The cores may be individually provided with an adhesive layer, c ~, ~
3 2~ 5 whereby, for instance, the spores are applied in a desired `- concentration by means of a solid or fluid formulation.
According to the invention one can also think of using a material for the inert core which, under the influen-ce of fluid, swells and then disintegrates or collapses anddissolves, which causes optimal spreading of, for example, the spores in the cells of a seed tray.
If desired one can enclose in the adhesive layer or in the mixture of genetic material and adhesive an insecticide and/or fungicide, for the protection of the genetic material.
Also, the physical and/or chemical properties of the adhesive layer can be determined such that optimal development, that is to say germination and growth of the target object, is achie-ved. This is called the microclimate. This can mean that the oxygen/water ratio is adjusted as well as the pH, and that pesticides, bio-stimulators or specific nutrients are added.
Characteristic for the invention is the presence per pill of at least 2 seeds, usually more than 5 seeds, increa-sing to several times ten (for example fern spores) or to hun-dreds to thousands (for example fungal spores, bacteria).
The invention is elucidated with reference to the ac-companying drawing, in which:
Fig. 1 is an enlarged cross-section of a pill accor-ding to the invention;
Fig. 2 is an enlarged cross-section of a second embo-diment;
Fig. 3 is an enlarged cross-section of a variation on the second embodiment; and Fig. 4 is an enlarged cross-section of a variation on the embodiment in Fig. 1.
The essence of the known coating system is that one departs from the seed as core, whereby the core material or the stationary phase consists in principle of the target ob-ject which finally is to expand. In general these cores are seeds. Around the core a layer is applied which, since it has to shape, could be called the mobile phase. This mobile phase may be fluid and then one speaks of a (film) coating process, which characteristically takes its course while simultaneously drying. The mobile phase can, however, also occur in powder form, whereby during simultaneous administration of fluid a 4 ~ 3~5 layered build-up takes place until a pill or pellet has - reached the desired size. This mobile phase is in principle free of genetic material and consists largely of inert carrier material, although active substances such as pesticides may be included.
In the multi-seed concept the principle is exactly reversed. As basis or stationary phase one departs from inert core material and the target object, essentially several units, are placed around the core via the mobile phase. This can be done in different ways, in one or more layers.
Fig. 1 shows a pill in cross-section whereby the ge-netic material 3 is applied in several units in a thin adhe-sive layer 2 around a core 1 of inert carrier material. This embodiment is very satisfactory if not much more needs to be added to the genetic material and/or if the material is to be applied in particular to the outside.
Fig. 2 shows another embodiment in cross-section, whereby first a somewhat thicker intermediate layer 4 is built up around a smaller core 1, which intermediate layer could be intended to include substances which may promote optimal deve-lopment, germination and growth, in other words for the micro-climate. Around the intermediate layer 4, which here determi-nes the final size of the pill, a thin adhesive layer 2 is applied with a multitude of genetic material 3.
Fig. 3 shows another embodiment of the two-layer-type (Fig. 2), in which first a thicker adhesive layer 2 with fil-ler is applied around the smaller core 1, with distributed over it the multitude of genetic material 3, and finally a coating 5 is applied over the whole. This coating may someti-mes be necessary to give the pill a smooth finish.
Fig. 4 shows a variation on the embodiment of Fig. 1.
Here the core 1 is small, but the adhesive layer 2 is thick and suitable for inclusion of additives and of larger amounts of genetic material 3.
In all these cases the term "core 1" means the total-ly inert basic material, that is to say the stationary phase.
The intermediate layer 4, consisting also essentially of car-rier material, also mobile phase, is a layer that may option-ally be applied underneath the final adhesive layer 2, which contains the target object (multitude of genetic material 3).
~33~S
The adhesive layer 2 is also mobile phase and may be - applied as solid or fluid form, but contains several units of the target object. The adhesive layer 5 is the mobile phase, applied for the finish and contains no target object.
The core material may be organic or inorganic, and of natural or synthetic origin. Examples are glass beads (solid as well as hollow), little plastic balls, selected perlite granules, selected granulates (possibly on sugar basis or on another water soluble basis, so that the core is completely dissolved in the ground), bentonite granulates that will dis-solve with moisture, flowing away in the ground from the pill or pellet, and such like.
The basis of the adhesive layer, the optional inter-mediate layer and the optional coating layer will consist of the same substances that are used in conventional pelletizing and film coating. Examples of substances in the optional in-termediate layer and in the adhesive layer are:
in the powdery basis: clay, cellulose powder, chalk, vermicu-lite, turf, perlite, talcum, quarts flour, and in the fluid basis : water-dispersible or -soluble polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cellulose derivatives, co-polymers and related polymers, to the outside layer, which in many cases is the adhesive layer, pig-ments may be added if desired.
For the multi-seed concept there is no lower limit, but in practice the smallest workable dimension for, for exam-ple spores of different origin, will be around 10-60 ~m. A
defined upper limit is also difficult to indicate. The larger the target object becomes, the more difficult it will be for the concept to be carried out. The lower limit for conventio-nal pelletizing (based on gravity) lies around 300 ~m. The multi-seed concept is in any case still applicable for objects of up-to about 500 ~m. Tests with lobelia seed of an average size of 575 ~m and a thickness of 350 ~m were reasonably suc-cessful (75% in the desired distribution).
The size of the core may vary between 0.5 and 3 mm in diameter, but must not be considered to be absolute. The size of the end-product may also vary a lot, depending on the in-6 2~$3~5 tended purpose. Usually the final size will be between 1 mm `~ round and 4 mm slot, which is the same as the usual seedpills. (The indications "round" and "slot" refer to the type of screen with which the size is measured.) The appearance of the pills is no different from the pills available according to the prior art so that they can also be sown using the exis-ting sowing devices.
The invention is further elucidated with the aid of the following non-limitative examples.
Multi-seed fern spores The size of the fern spores under consideration is about 50 ~m. A dispersion is prepared of the fern spores in a watery solution of 3% polyvinyl alcohol, adjusting the concen-tration of the spores in the dispersion to the desired number per pill, in this particular case 20 spores per pill. The dis-persion is acidified to the assumed optimal pH of 5.5-6Ø
In a fluid bed film coater, laboratory model, 50,000 plastic granules (because of low density these are easier to fluidize than, for instance, glass beads) being 2.5-3.0 mm round, are coated with the prepared dispersion of 20 spores per pill in the manner that is usual for seeds and dried si-multaneously, whereby an adhesive layer is formed on the gra-nules containing the spores in random distribution.
Example II
Multi-seed fern spores The size of the fern spores is about 50 ~m. From these spores a dry mixture is prepared with inert powder mate-rial consisting mainly of clay and quarts flour, whereby the concentration of the spores in the powder material is adjusted to the desired number per pill, in this particular example this is 20 spores per pill. The mixture is acidified to the assumed optimal pH of 5.5-6Ø (Measured after dilution with water).
100,000 glass granules being 0.75 mm round - 1.00 mm slot, are placed in a coating drum with a diameter of 55 cm.
As it is not desirable to end up with too large a glass gran-ule, a relatively small glass granule and a two-phase coating 7 ~ 34~
was chosen, applying first, as intermediate layer, a carrier material around the relatively small core. This material will eventually dissolve into the ground. The carrier material used in this example again consists mainly of clay and quarts flour. The intermediate layer is applied until the dimension reaches from 1.75-2.00 mm slot.
Lastly, the final adhesive layer with the spores is applied on-to the intermediate layer, realizing a final dimen-sion of 2.25-2.50 mm slot. Both the intermediate layer and the adhesive layer are applied while simultaneously a liquid spray on a water basis containing 5% polyvinyl alcohol is applied.
Finally the multi-seed pills are dried by the method that is usual for drying seed pills. The coating process is not essen-tially different from the conventional coating process.
kxample III
Multi-seed lobelia seeds Lobelia seeds are about 600 ~m long and about 300 ~m thick. The seeds are mixed in the desired concentration with an inert powder material mixture consisting mainly of clay, quarts flour and coarse fibre whereby the differently sized granules are distributed so as to keep separation of the rela-tively large seeds during the process to a minimum. The con-centration of the seeds in the mixture is adjusted to 5-10 seeds per pill.
lOO,ooO selected perlite granules having a diameter of 1.50-1.75 mm slot, are placed in a coating drum with a dia-meter of 55 cm. The rough surface of the perlite granules forms a good basis for adhesion for the coarse mixture. With the aid of a watery solution of 5% carboxymethyl cellulose a thick adhesive layer is applied while alternating moistening with sprinkling the powdery mixture (in the same way as with the conventional coating system).
The pill is further smoothly finished with the aid of an inert powder mixture consisting mainly of clay, quarts flour and talcum, realizing a final size of 3.0-3.5 mm slot.
Finally the multi-seed pills are dried by the method that is usual for drying seed pills.
8 ;~
~xam~le IV
- Multi-seed funqal s~ores The size of the fungal spores is about 15-35 ~m. The spores are mixed in the desired concentration with an inert powder material mixture consisting mainly of clay, wood flour and quarts flour. The concentration of the fungal spores in the mixture is adjusted to about 3000 spores per pill.
100,000 glass granules having a diameter of 0.75 mm round - 1.00 mm slot, are placed in a coating drum with a dia-meter of 55 cm. A thick adhesive layer is then applied aroundthe glass granules by alternating moistening with a liquid spray consisting of a 10% polyvinyl acetate in water and sprinkling on the mixture, realizing a final size of 3.0-3.5 mm slot. Dependent on utilization the multi-seed pills may be left moist (limited storage time at a low temperature) or be partly or totally dried for ultimate use.
Claims (36)
1. Pills or pellets containing genetic material and inert carrier material, characterized in that the inert carrier material forms the core of the pills or pellets, while the genetic material is distributed in a multitude around the core, adhering to the core in or on an adhesive layer.
2. Pills or pellets containing genetic material and inert carrier material according to claim 1, characterized in that the inert core consists of glass beads or perlite granules.
3. Pills or pellets containing genetic material and inert carrier material according to claim 1 characterized in that the inert core has a diameter of 0.5 - 3 mm.
4. Pills or pellets containing genetic material and inert carrier material according to claim 2 characterized in that the inert core has a diameter of 0.5 - 3 mm.
5. Pills or pellets containing genetic material according to claim 1, characterized in that the size of the genetic material is from 10 - 100 µm.
6. Pills or pellets containing genetic material according to claim 2, characterized in that the size of the genetic material is from 10 - 100 µm.
7. Pills or pellets containing genetic material according to claim 3, characterized in that the size of the genetic material is from 10 - 100 µm.
8. Pills or pellets containing genetic material according to claim 4, characterized in that the size of the genetic material is from 10 - 100 µm.
9. Pills or pellets containing genetic material according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 characterized in that the genetic material contains fern spores.
10. Pills or pellets containing genetic material according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 characterized in that the genetic material contains fungal spores.
11. Pills or pellets containing genetic material according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 characterized in that the genetic material contains fine seed of 60 -500 µm.
12. Pills or pellets containing genetic material according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 characterized in that the adhesive layer contains organic or inorganic adhesive substances or binding substances.
13. Pills or pellets containing genetic material according to claim 9 characterized in that the adhesive layer contains organic or inorganic adhesive substances or binding substances.
14. Pills or pellets containing genetic material according to claim 10 characterized in that the adhesive layer contains organic or inorganic adhesive substances or binding substances.
15. Pills or pellets containing genetic material according to claim 11 characterized in that the adhesive layer contains organic or inorganic adhesive substances or binding substances.
16. A method of preparation of pills or pellets containing genetic material and inert carrier material, characterized in that the inert carrier material forms the core of the pills or pellets while the genetic material is distributed in a multitude around the core, adhering to the core in or on an adhesive layer, said method characterized in that a fluid adhesive containing genetic material, if necessary diluted with other material, in a quantity corresponding with at least two genetic material units per present inert core, making up the adhesive layer, is applied to cores formed from inert carrier material, or that the genetic material is first mixed with a powdery adhesive, if necessary diluted with other powdery material in a quantity so that per present core, at least two genetic material units are available, after which the mixture of genetic material and at least adhesive, with the simultaneous addition of fluid to form the adhesive layer is applied to the core and finally, if desired, the layer is dried.
17. A method according to claim 16, characterized in that, as inert cores, glass beads or perlite granules are used.
18. A method according to claim 16, characterized in that the size of the inert core is of 0.5 - 3 mm.
19. A method according to claim 17, characterized in that the size of the inert core is 0.5 - 3 mm.
20. A method according to claim 16, characterized in that the size of the genetic material that is used is 10 -100 µm.
21. A method according to claim 17, characterized in that the size of the genetic material that is used is 10 -100 µm.
22. A method according to claim 18, characterized in that the size of the genetic material that is used is 10 -100 µm.
23. A method according to claim 19, characterized in that the size of the genetic material that is used is 10 -100 µm.
24. A method according to claim 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, or 23 characterized in that, as the genetic material, fern spores are used.
25. A method according to claim 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, or 23 characterized in that, as the genetic material, fungal spores are used.
26. A method according to claim 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, or 23 characterized in that, as the genetic material, fine seeds are used, being from 60 - 500 µm in size.
27. A method according to claim 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, or 23 characterized in that, as the adhesive layer, organic or inorganic adhesive substances or binding substances are used.
28. A method according to claim 24 characterized in that, as the adhesive layer, organic or inorganic adhesive substances or binding substances are used.
29. A method according to claim 25 characterized in that, as the adhesive layer, organic or inorganic adhesive substances or binding substances are used.
30. A method according to claim 26 characterized in that, as the adhesive layer, organic or inorganic adhesive substances or binding substances are used.
31. A method according to claim 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, or 23, characterized in that, in the adhesive layer, being the mixture of genetic material, adhesive and optional filler, an insecticide and/or a fungicide or another active substance that is beneficial to the genetic material is included.
32. A method according to claim 24, characterized in that, in the adhesive layer, being the mixture of genetic material, adhesive and optional filler, an insecticide and/or a fungicide or another active substance that is beneficial to the genetic material is included.
33. A method according to claim 25, characterized in that, in the adhesive layer, being the mixture of genetic material, adhesive and optional filler, an insecticide and/or a fungicide or another active substance that is beneficial to the genetic material is included.
34. A method according to claim 26, characterized in that, in the adhesive layer, being the mixture of genetic material, adhesive and optional filler, an insecticide and/or a fungicide or another active substance that is beneficial to the genetic material is included.
35. A method according to claim 27, characterized in that, in the adhesive layer, being the mixture of genetic material, adhesive and optional filler, an insecticide and/or a fungicide or another active substance that is beneficial to the genetic material is included.
36. A method according to claim 28, 29, or 30 characterized in that, in the adhesive layer, being the mixture of genetic material, adhesive and optional filler, an insecticide and/or a fungicide or another active substance that is beneficial to the genetic material is included.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL9101959A NL9101959A (en) | 1991-11-21 | 1991-11-21 | GENETIC MATERIAL AND INERT CARRIER MATERIAL CONTAINING PILLS OR PELLETS AND METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION THEREOF. |
| NL9101959 | 1991-11-21 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2083415A1 CA2083415A1 (en) | 1993-05-22 |
| CA2083415C true CA2083415C (en) | 1995-12-12 |
Family
ID=19859952
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002083415A Expired - Fee Related CA2083415C (en) | 1991-11-21 | 1992-11-20 | Pills or pellets containing genetic material and inert carrier material and method for their preparation |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5389115A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0543438B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH05260807A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE166527T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2083415C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69225676T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2120430T3 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX9206699A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL9101959A (en) |
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| DE4309679C2 (en) * | 1993-03-25 | 2002-07-11 | Saat & Erntetechnik Gmbh | Pilled seed with a predetermined, uniform number of seeds per grain and method for its production |
| GB9326517D0 (en) * | 1993-12-29 | 1994-03-02 | Zeneca Ltd | Compositions for control of soil pests |
| NL1012918C2 (en) * | 1999-08-26 | 2001-02-27 | Incotec Internat B V | Method for protecting seed to be germinated and pesticide-containing pill. |
| US20060150489A1 (en) * | 1999-08-26 | 2006-07-13 | Legro Robert J | Protection of germinating seed and pills containing pesticides |
| US7472661B2 (en) | 2004-06-23 | 2009-01-06 | Aquablok, Ltd | Method of delivering plant seed material |
| JP2012090544A (en) * | 2010-10-26 | 2012-05-17 | Japan Carlit Co Ltd:The | Pelleted/coated seed and method for producing the same |
| US20120186147A1 (en) * | 2011-01-24 | 2012-07-26 | Anthony Michael Crivello | Portable hydroseeder seed, mulch and fertilizer water dissolvable packet |
| JP2013000058A (en) * | 2011-06-17 | 2013-01-07 | Japan Carlit Co Ltd:The | Coated seed and production method thereof |
| CN103069950B (en) * | 2013-01-29 | 2014-04-09 | 福建农林大学 | Pelleting processing method of eurya emarginata seeds |
| DE102013210408A1 (en) | 2013-06-05 | 2014-12-11 | Evonik Industries Ag | Granulated seed |
| US11032968B2 (en) | 2015-04-01 | 2021-06-15 | Blue Marble Scientific, Llc | Device for delivering plant seeds |
| KR102022505B1 (en) * | 2017-01-26 | 2019-09-18 | 한국광기술원 | Glass bead and method for manufacturing the same |
| WO2019123194A1 (en) | 2017-12-20 | 2019-06-27 | Pi Industries Ltd. | Anthranilamides, their use as insecticide and processes for preparing the same. |
| KR102725178B1 (en) | 2017-12-20 | 2024-11-04 | 피아이 인더스트리스 엘티디. | Use of pyrazolopyridine-diamide as an insecticide and its preparation method |
| AU2019213694B2 (en) | 2018-01-30 | 2023-04-06 | Pi Industries Ltd. | Novel anthranilamides, their use as insecticide and processes for preparing the same. |
| AR118243A1 (en) | 2019-03-07 | 2021-09-22 | Pi Industries Ltd | FUSED HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS AND THEIR USE AS PEST CONTROL AGENTS |
| AR119140A1 (en) | 2019-06-13 | 2021-11-24 | Pi Industries Ltd | FUSED HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS AND THEIR USE AS PEST CONTROL AGENTS |
| WO2021033141A1 (en) | 2019-08-20 | 2021-02-25 | Pi Industries Ltd. | Fused heterocyclic compounds and their use as pest control agents |
| AR119790A1 (en) | 2019-08-29 | 2022-01-12 | Pi Industries Ltd | ISOXAZOLINE COMPOUNDS AND THEIR USE AS PEST CONTROL AGENTS |
| AR121344A1 (en) | 2020-02-18 | 2022-05-11 | Pi Industries Ltd | FUSED HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS AND THEIR USE AS PEST CONTROL AGENTS |
| WO2022003610A1 (en) | 2020-07-02 | 2022-01-06 | Pi Industries Ltd. | 2-(4,5-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl)isoindoline-5-carboxamide derivatives and similar compounds as pesticides for crop protection |
| MX2023006809A (en) | 2020-12-11 | 2023-06-21 | Pi Industries Ltd | Isoxazoline compounds and their use as pest control agents. |
| TW202304919A (en) | 2021-03-31 | 2023-02-01 | 印度商皮埃企業有限公司 | Fused heterocyclic compounds and their use as pest control agents |
| WO2023037253A1 (en) | 2021-09-08 | 2023-03-16 | Pi Industries Ltd | Isoxazoline compounds and their use as pest control agents |
| WO2023037249A1 (en) | 2021-09-08 | 2023-03-16 | Pi Industries Ltd. | Sulfoximines/ sulfilimine containing aromatic caboxamide compounds and their use therof |
| EP4433469A1 (en) | 2021-11-15 | 2024-09-25 | PI Industries Ltd. | Bicyclic heteroaromatic compounds and their use as pest control agents |
| EP4522598A1 (en) | 2022-05-11 | 2025-03-19 | PI Industries Ltd. | Bicyclic compounds and their use as pest control agents |
| WO2025177310A1 (en) | 2024-02-23 | 2025-08-28 | Pi Industries Ltd. | Fused heterocyclic compounds and its uses thereof |
| WO2025177312A1 (en) | 2024-02-23 | 2025-08-28 | Pi Industries Ltd. | Fused heterocyclic compounds and its uses thereof |
| UY41082A (en) | 2024-03-28 | 2025-08-29 | Pi Industries Ltd | CONDENSED BICYCLIC COMPOUNDS AND THEIR USE AS PEST CONTROL AGENTS |
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| US2736139A (en) * | 1956-02-28 | Method of controlling seed germination | ||
| US2984940A (en) * | 1959-07-16 | 1961-05-23 | Typha Products Inc | Method of treating and planting cattail seeds |
| CA977178A (en) * | 1970-03-17 | 1975-11-04 | Geoffrey G. Taylor | Methods of introducing to or ensuring the existence of viable micro-organisms in soil |
| DE2038316A1 (en) * | 1970-08-01 | 1972-02-10 | Bayer Ag | Seeds in impregnated carriers - produced by compressing plastic foam |
| JPS53103834A (en) * | 1977-02-23 | 1978-09-09 | Aikoh Co | Mixture for generating fern * moss and lichen |
| US4121525A (en) * | 1977-04-01 | 1978-10-24 | Courtis William S | Method and apparatus for aseptically sowing small seed or spores |
| SU917736A1 (en) * | 1980-07-17 | 1982-04-07 | Всесоюзный Научно-Исследовательский Институт Риса | Method of preparing seeds for aerosowing |
| JPS57141228A (en) * | 1981-02-25 | 1982-09-01 | Mitsui Lumber Co Ltd | Agricultural seedling growing mat and production thereof |
| FR2580895B1 (en) * | 1985-04-30 | 1988-08-12 | Agronomique Inst Nat Rech | PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR ADJUSTING THE DEPTH AT WHICH SEEDS MUST BE PLACED IN THE GROUND THROUGH A SEEDER AND PRODUCTS ALLOWING THIS ADJUSTMENT. |
| JPS6284006A (en) * | 1985-10-02 | 1987-04-17 | チバ−ガイギ− アクチエンゲゼル シヤフト | Protection for useful plants, seeds of useful plants and formation of protective coating on seeds |
| JPS62210907A (en) * | 1986-03-11 | 1987-09-17 | 木村 政彦 | Seeding sheet |
| JPH0759162B2 (en) * | 1986-04-26 | 1995-06-28 | 三菱化学ビーエーエスエフ株式会社 | Vegetation |
| JPH01157315A (en) * | 1987-12-11 | 1989-06-20 | Yukijirushi Shiyubiyou Kk | Base for plant culture |
| JP2592643B2 (en) * | 1988-03-24 | 1997-03-19 | ぺんてる株式会社 | Mycorrhizal fungal formation method |
| US5068105A (en) * | 1989-03-13 | 1991-11-26 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Fungal formulation for biocontrol of soilborne plant pathogens |
| FR2650758B1 (en) * | 1989-08-09 | 1994-04-01 | Institut Recherche Agronomique | MULTILAYERED GRANULES CONTAINING ACTIVE COATED SUBSTANCES, THEIR MANUFACTURING METHOD, DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT THIS METHOD AND USE OF THE GRANULES OBTAINED |
-
1991
- 1991-11-21 NL NL9101959A patent/NL9101959A/en active Search and Examination
-
1992
- 1992-11-09 DE DE69225676T patent/DE69225676T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-11-09 EP EP92203416A patent/EP0543438B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-11-09 ES ES92203416T patent/ES2120430T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-11-09 AT AT92203416T patent/ATE166527T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-11-17 US US07/977,775 patent/US5389115A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-11-19 MX MX9206699A patent/MX9206699A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-11-20 JP JP4351875A patent/JPH05260807A/en active Pending
- 1992-11-20 CA CA002083415A patent/CA2083415C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US5389115A (en) | 1995-02-14 |
| ES2120430T3 (en) | 1998-11-01 |
| EP0543438A1 (en) | 1993-05-26 |
| DE69225676D1 (en) | 1998-07-02 |
| NL9101959A (en) | 1993-06-16 |
| MX9206699A (en) | 1993-08-01 |
| EP0543438B1 (en) | 1998-05-27 |
| JPH05260807A (en) | 1993-10-12 |
| CA2083415A1 (en) | 1993-05-22 |
| DE69225676T2 (en) | 1999-02-04 |
| ATE166527T1 (en) | 1998-06-15 |
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