CA2077568A1 - Grinding tool - Google Patents
Grinding toolInfo
- Publication number
- CA2077568A1 CA2077568A1 CA002077568A CA2077568A CA2077568A1 CA 2077568 A1 CA2077568 A1 CA 2077568A1 CA 002077568 A CA002077568 A CA 002077568A CA 2077568 A CA2077568 A CA 2077568A CA 2077568 A1 CA2077568 A1 CA 2077568A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- grinding
- grinding tool
- abrasive grains
- edges
- shaped
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 239000006061 abrasive grain Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005068 cooling lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010730 cutting oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009837 dry grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002674 ointment Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D5/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor
- B24D5/06—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor with inserted abrasive blocks, e.g. segmental
- B24D5/063—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor with inserted abrasive blocks, e.g. segmental with segments embedded in a matrix which is rubbed away during the grinding process
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
- B23F21/00—Tools specially adapted for use in machines for manufacturing gear teeth
- B23F21/02—Grinding discs; Grinding worms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
- B24D18/0018—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for by electrolytic deposition
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure A shaped grinding tool has a base body with a working zone for producing the shape of a workpiece. Abrasive grains made of a highly refractory material are galvanized to the working zone in a single layer. The abrasive grains form grinding edges spaced at a defined distance from one another in the circumferential direction of the grinding tool. The grinding edges have a width that is less than four times the diameter of an individual abrasive grain. The service life of the grinding tool is increased and the efficiency of the grinding process is improved.
Description
~7~
GRINDING TOOL
The present invention relates to a grinding tool with a single layer of abrasive grains galvanized to the base body.
When manufacturing components of a high qualit~ standard, for example, such as toothed wheels and other workpieces with special profiles, it is becoming more and more important for achieving high precision and trueness to shape to perform a further fine machining (finishing) step after premachining and hardening. The fine machining or finishing step for hardened workpieces is commonly a grinding step.
When finishing hardened workpieces by so-called shape-grinding a grinding tool such as a grinding wheel is used that in the case of grinding of toothings is provided with a profile that corresponds to the profile of the gap between the teeth to be ground. As a grinding material (a~rasive material) of the grlnding tool in modern fine machining steps of hardened materials diamond, cubic-crystalline boronitride (CBN) or other hlghly refractory materials are commonly used.
The profile of the grinding wheel is 2~
conventionally produced such that the grinding tool is sub~ected to a planing process in which, for example, with a diamond planing roller the grinding tool is profiled. Recent grinding processes however employ a grinding tool which is comprised of a base body that has been ground to conform to the desired profile and which is provided with a singla layer of abrasive grains.
The fixation of the abrasive grains on the base body is achieved by a galvanic process whereby commonly nickel is used as a binding material.
When CBN is used as the abrasive material the average diameter of an abrasive grain dependlng on the desired grindlng depth is typically between 20 and 600 ,um.
Usually the surface area of the base body to which the abrasive grains are to be applied is essentially entirely planar so that the abrasive grains applied in a single layer and galvanically connected thereto have the appearance of the surface of a fine-grain abrasive paper. However, it is known from U.S. patent 4,114j322 and German Offenlegungsschrift 27 58 285 to provide the base body with a plurality of grooves which, among other things, serve to improve transport of the 2~ 7~
cooling lubricant necessary for the grinding process to the respective grinding location.
It is known in the prior art to provide at least segments of the grinding wheel such that, when viewed under the microscope, they have a plurality of abrasive grains ad;acent to one another and galvanically connected to the base body in order to thus form a grinding surface.
Accordingly, there are always at least islands or segments present which provide the conventional structure of a grinding wheel surface.
When such a grinding tool is used, the cutting operation is performed with a geometrically undefined cutting edge, i.e., the individual abrasive grains remove microcuttings from the surface of the workpiece. The microcuttings are caught within a free space in front of the abrasive grain essentially corresponding to the space between ad~acent abrasive grains before the microcuttings are removed by the cooling lubricant or, in the case of dry grinding, removed by the centrifugal forces acting at the surface of the grinding tool.
With the known grinding tools it is thus an accepted fact that the free space which is necessary for an efficient cutting process is statistically distributed, in other words, that it is randomly formed during the course of the galvanic fixation process of the abrasive grains on the base body.
Experiments with galvanically bonded grinding wheels however have shown that of the plurality of abrasive grains distributed on the base body only a few projecting abrasive grains actually participate in the cutting process and that the corresponding free space of the abrasive grains is very important for a high service life of the tool.
It is therefore an ob~ect of the present inventlon to provide a shaped grinding tool with a single layer of abrasive grains connected galvanically to the base body which in comparison to known tools exhibits a greater service life and a more efficient cutting process. This means that a tool shall be provided with which a great number of workpieces with a high relative cutting volume per time unit (number of removed cubic millimeters of materlal per second of cutting time and per millimeter of grinding wheel width) may be manufactured.
~ r-;;
Brief Description of the Drawings This ob~ect, and other ob~ects and advantages of the present invention, will appear more clearly from the following specification in con~unction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 i s a p e r s p e c t i v e representation of a grinding wheel;
Fig. 2 is an enlarged detail of the working zone of a grinding wheel with abrasive grinding edges of a single file arrangement;
Fig. 3 is a detailed view corresponding to the representation of Fig. 2 with abrasive grinding edges of a three-file arrangement;
Fig. 4 is a further representation of the working zone of a grinding wheel with straight and radial orientation of the abrasive grain edges;
Fig. 5 is a representation corresponding to Fig. 4 with Z~ 6~
an abrasive grinding edge extending at an acuts angle relative to the radius orientation;
Fig. 6 is a further repreaentation with an arc-shaped extension of the abrasive grinding edge: and Fig. 7 shows a different arrangement of an abrasive grinding edge.
Summary of the Invention The shaped grindlng tool of the present invention is primarily comprised of a base body having a working zone for producing the profile of a work piece, and abrasive grains made of a highly refractory material and galvanized to the working zone in a single layer, the abrasive grains forming grlnding edges spaced at a defined distance from one another in the circumferential direction of the grinding tool, the grinding edges having a width that is less than 4 times a diameter of an individual one of the abrasive grains.
Due to the fact that in contrast to the known 2~
grinding tools segment-type grinding surfaces with a plurality of ad~acently arranged abrasive grains are no longer present, but a defined abrasive grlnding edge made of a single file (row~ or up to four rows of abrasive grains, it is ensured that only effectively usable abrasive grains are present at the surface of the base body. In front of the abrasive grains, viewed in the circumferential direction, a large free space is now provided because no further abrasive grains are galvanically bonded to the surface so that thereby an optimal cutting process is possible.
The orientation of the abrasive grain grinding edges, independent of the fact whether there is a single file (row) abrasive grinding edge or an abrasive grinding edge comprised of four files, i.e., corresponding to four grain diameters, is preferably straight in the radial direction over the surface of the base body.
According to a further feature of the invention it is also provided that the abrasive grinding edges extent straight, but positioned at an acute angle relative to a radial dlrection of the shaped grinding tool.
On the other hand, it may be advantageous 2~7~
that the grinding edges are not straight but curved, for example, corresponding to an arc-shaped curve.
The distance between the individual abrasive grain grinding edges in the circumferentlal direction depends on the type of the workpiece material to be ground, on the hardness of the workpiece, and on the circumferential velocity with which the grinding tool operates. Preferably the distance between two grinding edges is approximately 1.0 to 6.0 mm.
The highly refractory material to be used as the abrasive grains is preferably diamond or CBN.
Descrlption of Preferred Embodiments The present invention will now be described in detail with the aid of several specific embodiments utilizing Figures 1 through 7.
The shaped grinding tool is comprised of a base body 1 which, at its working zone 2 used for producing the workpiece profile, already exactly conforms to the desired profile. The cutting material, i.e., the abrasive grains are made of dlamond, C8N or any other highly refractory material which is galvanically bonded in the form of abrasive grinding edges to the working zone 2 2~7 ~
of the base body 1. An abrasive grinding edge 3 is comprised of one or a plurality of grain rows, see Figures 2 and 3. The distance x between two adjacent grinding edges 3 is preferably 1.0 to 6.0 mm. The width b of a grinding edge 3 is smaller than 4 times the diameter of the individual abrasive grains.
The grinding edges 3 are usually radially oriented (Figs. 2, 3 and 4); however, they may also be arranged at an acute angle 4 relative to the extension of the grinding tool radius (Fig.
5). In addition to a straight arrangement of the grinding edges 3 an arc-shaped (Fig. 6) or an arrangement on any other line (Fig. 7) is possible.
By replacing the previous full-surface coating of the working zone 2 of the base body 1 with grlnding edges 3 spaced at a defined distance from one another, oriented grinding edges, that are distributed over the circumference of the grinding tool such as to conform to the particular cutting process, and defined corresponding free space~ are provided. The grlnding edges result in an lmproved (better defined) cutting process. On the one hand, the directly arranged free spaces 2~ 8 prevent hydroplaning effects when using cutting oils, and, on the other hand, provide for a more efficient removal of the cuttings.
The present invention is, of course, in no way restricted to the specific disclosure of the specification and drawings, but also encompasses any modifications within the scope of the appended claims.
GRINDING TOOL
The present invention relates to a grinding tool with a single layer of abrasive grains galvanized to the base body.
When manufacturing components of a high qualit~ standard, for example, such as toothed wheels and other workpieces with special profiles, it is becoming more and more important for achieving high precision and trueness to shape to perform a further fine machining (finishing) step after premachining and hardening. The fine machining or finishing step for hardened workpieces is commonly a grinding step.
When finishing hardened workpieces by so-called shape-grinding a grinding tool such as a grinding wheel is used that in the case of grinding of toothings is provided with a profile that corresponds to the profile of the gap between the teeth to be ground. As a grinding material (a~rasive material) of the grlnding tool in modern fine machining steps of hardened materials diamond, cubic-crystalline boronitride (CBN) or other hlghly refractory materials are commonly used.
The profile of the grinding wheel is 2~
conventionally produced such that the grinding tool is sub~ected to a planing process in which, for example, with a diamond planing roller the grinding tool is profiled. Recent grinding processes however employ a grinding tool which is comprised of a base body that has been ground to conform to the desired profile and which is provided with a singla layer of abrasive grains.
The fixation of the abrasive grains on the base body is achieved by a galvanic process whereby commonly nickel is used as a binding material.
When CBN is used as the abrasive material the average diameter of an abrasive grain dependlng on the desired grindlng depth is typically between 20 and 600 ,um.
Usually the surface area of the base body to which the abrasive grains are to be applied is essentially entirely planar so that the abrasive grains applied in a single layer and galvanically connected thereto have the appearance of the surface of a fine-grain abrasive paper. However, it is known from U.S. patent 4,114j322 and German Offenlegungsschrift 27 58 285 to provide the base body with a plurality of grooves which, among other things, serve to improve transport of the 2~ 7~
cooling lubricant necessary for the grinding process to the respective grinding location.
It is known in the prior art to provide at least segments of the grinding wheel such that, when viewed under the microscope, they have a plurality of abrasive grains ad;acent to one another and galvanically connected to the base body in order to thus form a grinding surface.
Accordingly, there are always at least islands or segments present which provide the conventional structure of a grinding wheel surface.
When such a grinding tool is used, the cutting operation is performed with a geometrically undefined cutting edge, i.e., the individual abrasive grains remove microcuttings from the surface of the workpiece. The microcuttings are caught within a free space in front of the abrasive grain essentially corresponding to the space between ad~acent abrasive grains before the microcuttings are removed by the cooling lubricant or, in the case of dry grinding, removed by the centrifugal forces acting at the surface of the grinding tool.
With the known grinding tools it is thus an accepted fact that the free space which is necessary for an efficient cutting process is statistically distributed, in other words, that it is randomly formed during the course of the galvanic fixation process of the abrasive grains on the base body.
Experiments with galvanically bonded grinding wheels however have shown that of the plurality of abrasive grains distributed on the base body only a few projecting abrasive grains actually participate in the cutting process and that the corresponding free space of the abrasive grains is very important for a high service life of the tool.
It is therefore an ob~ect of the present inventlon to provide a shaped grinding tool with a single layer of abrasive grains connected galvanically to the base body which in comparison to known tools exhibits a greater service life and a more efficient cutting process. This means that a tool shall be provided with which a great number of workpieces with a high relative cutting volume per time unit (number of removed cubic millimeters of materlal per second of cutting time and per millimeter of grinding wheel width) may be manufactured.
~ r-;;
Brief Description of the Drawings This ob~ect, and other ob~ects and advantages of the present invention, will appear more clearly from the following specification in con~unction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 i s a p e r s p e c t i v e representation of a grinding wheel;
Fig. 2 is an enlarged detail of the working zone of a grinding wheel with abrasive grinding edges of a single file arrangement;
Fig. 3 is a detailed view corresponding to the representation of Fig. 2 with abrasive grinding edges of a three-file arrangement;
Fig. 4 is a further representation of the working zone of a grinding wheel with straight and radial orientation of the abrasive grain edges;
Fig. 5 is a representation corresponding to Fig. 4 with Z~ 6~
an abrasive grinding edge extending at an acuts angle relative to the radius orientation;
Fig. 6 is a further repreaentation with an arc-shaped extension of the abrasive grinding edge: and Fig. 7 shows a different arrangement of an abrasive grinding edge.
Summary of the Invention The shaped grindlng tool of the present invention is primarily comprised of a base body having a working zone for producing the profile of a work piece, and abrasive grains made of a highly refractory material and galvanized to the working zone in a single layer, the abrasive grains forming grlnding edges spaced at a defined distance from one another in the circumferential direction of the grinding tool, the grinding edges having a width that is less than 4 times a diameter of an individual one of the abrasive grains.
Due to the fact that in contrast to the known 2~
grinding tools segment-type grinding surfaces with a plurality of ad~acently arranged abrasive grains are no longer present, but a defined abrasive grlnding edge made of a single file (row~ or up to four rows of abrasive grains, it is ensured that only effectively usable abrasive grains are present at the surface of the base body. In front of the abrasive grains, viewed in the circumferential direction, a large free space is now provided because no further abrasive grains are galvanically bonded to the surface so that thereby an optimal cutting process is possible.
The orientation of the abrasive grain grinding edges, independent of the fact whether there is a single file (row) abrasive grinding edge or an abrasive grinding edge comprised of four files, i.e., corresponding to four grain diameters, is preferably straight in the radial direction over the surface of the base body.
According to a further feature of the invention it is also provided that the abrasive grinding edges extent straight, but positioned at an acute angle relative to a radial dlrection of the shaped grinding tool.
On the other hand, it may be advantageous 2~7~
that the grinding edges are not straight but curved, for example, corresponding to an arc-shaped curve.
The distance between the individual abrasive grain grinding edges in the circumferentlal direction depends on the type of the workpiece material to be ground, on the hardness of the workpiece, and on the circumferential velocity with which the grinding tool operates. Preferably the distance between two grinding edges is approximately 1.0 to 6.0 mm.
The highly refractory material to be used as the abrasive grains is preferably diamond or CBN.
Descrlption of Preferred Embodiments The present invention will now be described in detail with the aid of several specific embodiments utilizing Figures 1 through 7.
The shaped grinding tool is comprised of a base body 1 which, at its working zone 2 used for producing the workpiece profile, already exactly conforms to the desired profile. The cutting material, i.e., the abrasive grains are made of dlamond, C8N or any other highly refractory material which is galvanically bonded in the form of abrasive grinding edges to the working zone 2 2~7 ~
of the base body 1. An abrasive grinding edge 3 is comprised of one or a plurality of grain rows, see Figures 2 and 3. The distance x between two adjacent grinding edges 3 is preferably 1.0 to 6.0 mm. The width b of a grinding edge 3 is smaller than 4 times the diameter of the individual abrasive grains.
The grinding edges 3 are usually radially oriented (Figs. 2, 3 and 4); however, they may also be arranged at an acute angle 4 relative to the extension of the grinding tool radius (Fig.
5). In addition to a straight arrangement of the grinding edges 3 an arc-shaped (Fig. 6) or an arrangement on any other line (Fig. 7) is possible.
By replacing the previous full-surface coating of the working zone 2 of the base body 1 with grlnding edges 3 spaced at a defined distance from one another, oriented grinding edges, that are distributed over the circumference of the grinding tool such as to conform to the particular cutting process, and defined corresponding free space~ are provided. The grlnding edges result in an lmproved (better defined) cutting process. On the one hand, the directly arranged free spaces 2~ 8 prevent hydroplaning effects when using cutting oils, and, on the other hand, provide for a more efficient removal of the cuttings.
The present invention is, of course, in no way restricted to the specific disclosure of the specification and drawings, but also encompasses any modifications within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A shaped grinding tool comprising:
a base body having a working zone for producing the profile of a workpiece; and abrasive grains made of a highly refractory material and galvanized to said working zone in a single layer, said abrasive grains forming grinding edges spaced at a defined distance from one another in the circumferential direction of said grinding tool, said grinding edges having a width that is less than four times a diameter of an individual one of said abrasive grains.
a base body having a working zone for producing the profile of a workpiece; and abrasive grains made of a highly refractory material and galvanized to said working zone in a single layer, said abrasive grains forming grinding edges spaced at a defined distance from one another in the circumferential direction of said grinding tool, said grinding edges having a width that is less than four times a diameter of an individual one of said abrasive grains.
2. A shaped grinding tool according to claim 1, wherein said grinding edges are straight.
3. A shaped grinding tool according to claim 2, wherein said grinding edges are positioned at an acute angle relative to a radial direction of said shaped grinding tool.
4. A shaped grinding tool according to claim 1, wherein said grinding edges are arc-shaped.
5. A shaped grinding tool according to claim 1, wherein a distance between adjacent ones of said grinding edges is 1.0 to 6.0 mm.
6. A shaped grinding tool according to claim 1, wherein said highly refractory material is selected from the group consisting of diamond and CBN.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4129486A DE4129486C1 (en) | 1991-09-05 | 1991-09-05 | |
| DE(P4129486.6) | 1991-09-05 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2077568A1 true CA2077568A1 (en) | 1993-03-06 |
Family
ID=6439888
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002077568A Abandoned CA2077568A1 (en) | 1991-09-05 | 1992-09-04 | Grinding tool |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0530528B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH06238565A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE118393T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2077568A1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4129486C1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19643113A1 (en) * | 1996-10-21 | 1998-04-30 | Diamant Boart Sa | Grinding disc for edge grinding of plastic optical lenses |
| JPH10193269A (en) * | 1996-12-27 | 1998-07-28 | Asahi Diamond Ind Co Ltd | Electrodeposition tool and manufacture therefor |
| DE102004042384A1 (en) * | 2004-09-02 | 2006-03-09 | Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh | Grinding wheel and method of making the same |
| JP5371873B2 (en) * | 2010-04-07 | 2013-12-18 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Grinding tool |
| CN103264358B (en) * | 2013-05-28 | 2015-12-02 | 广东奔朗新材料股份有限公司 | Resin-diamond grinding tool and making mould thereof |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4114322A (en) * | 1977-08-02 | 1978-09-19 | Harold Jack Greenspan | Abrasive member |
| DE2758285A1 (en) * | 1977-12-27 | 1979-06-28 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Grinding wheel mfg. process - has hub blank machined and balanced before applying peripheral abrasive coating |
| IT1151712B (en) * | 1982-03-25 | 1986-12-24 | Diamond Pauber Srl | ABRASIVE ELEMENT OBTAINED BY ELECTROLYTIC DIAMOND DEPOSIT |
| JPS62213968A (en) * | 1986-03-14 | 1987-09-19 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Rotary tool for machining |
| JPS63114882A (en) * | 1986-10-31 | 1988-05-19 | Tokyo Tungsten Co Ltd | Rotary cutting blade |
| DE3912681A1 (en) * | 1989-04-18 | 1990-10-25 | Winter & Sohn Ernst | METHOD FOR GALVANIC COATING OF SEGMENT SURFACES ARRANGED ON THE SURFACE OF A BASIC BODY AND PRODUCTS PRODUCED AFTER THAT |
-
1991
- 1991-09-05 DE DE4129486A patent/DE4129486C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1992
- 1992-08-06 EP EP92113400A patent/EP0530528B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-08-06 AT AT92113400T patent/ATE118393T1/en active
- 1992-08-06 DE DE59201399T patent/DE59201399D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-08-26 JP JP4267763A patent/JPH06238565A/en active Pending
- 1992-09-04 CA CA002077568A patent/CA2077568A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH06238565A (en) | 1994-08-30 |
| EP0530528B1 (en) | 1995-02-15 |
| EP0530528A1 (en) | 1993-03-10 |
| DE59201399D1 (en) | 1995-03-23 |
| ATE118393T1 (en) | 1995-03-15 |
| DE4129486C1 (en) | 1992-09-17 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |