CA2066584A1 - Compacting scrap metal in a tube for recycling - Google Patents
Compacting scrap metal in a tube for recyclingInfo
- Publication number
- CA2066584A1 CA2066584A1 CA002066584A CA2066584A CA2066584A1 CA 2066584 A1 CA2066584 A1 CA 2066584A1 CA 002066584 A CA002066584 A CA 002066584A CA 2066584 A CA2066584 A CA 2066584A CA 2066584 A1 CA2066584 A1 CA 2066584A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- billet
- forming
- tube
- jacket
- indentations
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Landscapes
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
A method is disclosed of making a billet (30) comprising a mass of compressed swarf (34) jacketed in a tubular jacket (32). A
number of similar indentations (42) are formed in the ends of the jacket. The indentations are symmetrically disposed about the axis of the billet. The indentations terminate at terminal positions (50) spaced from the ends of the billet and increase in depth from the terminal positions to the ends of the billet. Jackets of various materials are envisaged, in particular of stainless steel and mild steel. Where the jacket is of stainless steel tubular end pieces (32b) of mild steel in which the indentations are formed may be welded thereon.
number of similar indentations (42) are formed in the ends of the jacket. The indentations are symmetrically disposed about the axis of the billet. The indentations terminate at terminal positions (50) spaced from the ends of the billet and increase in depth from the terminal positions to the ends of the billet. Jackets of various materials are envisaged, in particular of stainless steel and mild steel. Where the jacket is of stainless steel tubular end pieces (32b) of mild steel in which the indentations are formed may be welded thereon.
Description
W O 91/04347 PC~r/GB90/01444 -1- 2066~8~ ~
~ A
COM~ ~TING SCRhP METAL IN A TU~E FOR RECYCLING
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
Thls lnventlon relates to the recycling of scrap metal. It has partlcular applicatlon to recycllng by roillng or otherwlse hot-worklng a blllet made up of scrap metal swarf compacted ln a tubular ~acket. ~-The term ~swarf" comprehends the off cuts from machinlng operations in general and is intended to include the off cuts from turning, boring, shaping and milling operatlons on engineering steels. The fine off cuts from some stamping and punching operations may also be suitable.
The term "engineerlng steel~ 15 intended to describe those low alloy steels whlch are commonly sub~ccted to mach1nlng operations including mild steel (a term which itself includes carbon steelJ, forging steel and axle or shaft steel all of whlch contain signlflcant amounts of lS carbon.
':
. .
; In British patent #1313545 there is dlsclosed, lnter alla, a process ln whlch steel ~warf is pre~sed lnto compact masses (which for convenience wlll be called ~brlquettesn). The briguettes are pres~ed together and ~acketed ln a closed tube, usually of steel or stalnlcss steel. The bilIet so formed 15 then heated and worked by a process such as rolling into a flnlshed or semi-flnished product.
The forming of the briquettes may take place in a cavity die prior to being iacketed. Alternatively briquettes may be formed directly in the bore of the tube. In this case the tube is inserted ln a supporting die during the compaction process and the bore of the tube serves as the cavity. In either case the compaction is carrled out by means of a press having a ram which presses a quantity of the swarf previously inserted in the cavity into a brlguette. The ram is then withdrawn and a new charge of swarf is inserted in the cavity. The ram is agaln inserted in the cavity to form a new briquette pressed up against the W O 91/0434~ P~r/GB90/0l440 ; ~6~ 2-earller formed briquette. The cycle is repeated until the cavity is substantially filled up with briguettes.
During the heatlng the oxides on the swarf inside the jacketing tube are reduced and during the`worklng process the metal particles of which the briguettes are composed are consolidated into a unitary mass which are sintered to each other and to the jacket.
The reductlon of oxldes on the swarf occurs as a result of the combination thereof with carbon which is either introduced into the iacket or which diffuses out of the steel or other metal of which the swarf is composed. The jacketing tube serves to maintain reducing conditions within the billet. Attempts to produce an acceptable hot worked product from a billet of unjacketed swarf have been unsuccessful even when great care was taken to try to prevent atmospheric oxygen from getting to tbe hot billet.
Billets comprising mlld steel ~ackets are commerclally lmportant slnce they can be used to make fln1shet or semi-flnlshet protucts at low cost. However, another co _ rclally and technlcally important product of the process is a billet comprised of a stainless steel jacket filled with briguettes of mlld steel or carbon steel which can be worked into a finished product having the desirable properties and low cost of engineering steel but whlch has a corrosion resistant ; ~ stainless steel cladding.
A product comprising a core of steel clad wlth a non-ferrous metal such as copper also has co _ rcial potential.
2S Billets comprising tubes filled with compacted swarf have presented special problems at the rolling stage. It is advantageous to taper the ends of the jacket to reduce the ~anqle of bite" to enable the billet more easily to enter the rolls. This is especially true in the case of ~;~ - a billet comprising a stainless steel jacket since the coefficient of friction between such a jacket and the rolls is less than between a mild steel jacket and the rolls.
,... .. . ~.. , ~ . ., ~ , .
W O 91/04347 PC~r/GB9O/Ot440 -3- 20~6~84 ~ ~
In some of the billets :h have previously been produced the ends have been partially or wnolly closed Çor the purpose of excluding or at least reducing the free acce~s of atmospheric oxygen to the swarf enclosed ln the ~acket. One of the methods used to close the billet has been to crimp the ends of the ~acket over the end faces of the corc. Whlle the crimpinq of the ends of the ~acket has resulted in a billet in which the ends are in effect tapered it is still difficult to feed the billet into the rolls and an excessive proportion of the ends of the rolled product are as a conseguence mis-shapen or otherwise defective and must be sheared off and discarded. From a cost point of view this is particularly important when the ~acket is of stainless steel or copper.
.~ .
It is an object of the invention to provide a billet in which entry into the rolls is eased. ~, SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to the invention there ls provided a method of forming a blllet comprising a mass of compressed swarf jacketed in a tubular ~acket, characterised in fo,rming in the ~acket ad~acent at least one '~end of the billet a number of substantially similar indentations each of which terminates at a terminal position spaced from the said one end of the billet and which increases in depth from the terminal position to the said one end of the billet.
.
;~ In one form of the invention the iacket comprises a first portion joined to an ent piece in which the indentations are formed, the first portion and the end piece being of materials of different composition.
~ .
According to one aspect of the invention the end piece is of engineering steel. According to another aspect of the invention the first portion is of stainless steel.
Advantageously the billet has a longitudinal axis about which the indentations are symmetrically disposed. Each indentation advantageously comprises two walls which are symmetrically disposed ... ............... . . . . ... . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . .
W O 9l/04347 P(~r/GB90/01440 ~ 4-one on either side of a line of intersection lying in a plane through the longitudinal axis.
According to one aspect of the invention the indentations are formed ln each end of the ~acket at the same tlme.
Farther according to the inventlon there is provided a method of recycling swarf, characterised in including the steps of forming a blllet as envisaged hereln and rolling the blllet to for~ a rolled product. The ends of the product embodying the remnant indentations or end pleces are of course dlscarded.
~RIEF DESCRIeTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention is further described by way of example with reference to the accompanying dravings ln which:
Figurc 1 is a somewhat schematic croJs-sectional side view of a blllet located between end-forming assemblies;
Flgure 2 ls an enlarged view on Arrow A in Figure 1 of one of the end-forming assemblies;
, Figure 3 is a sectional side view of one end;of the billet in the ; ~ ~ process of being pushed into an end-forming assembly; and Flgurc 4 Is an end view of a billet, the for~iog of the end of which is nearly complcte.
~ .
~ ~ DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EXAMPLES 8HOWN IN THE DRAWINGS
~ , The two end-forming asscmblies 10 shown in Figure l are mutually identical so only one will be described. It comprises a high tensile steel sleeve 12 joined to a base plate 14 at one end. The base plate 14 is provided with bolt holes or the like (not shown) by means of which the assembly is mounted on the head of thç ram of a hydraulic press (also not shown). Five pairs of trunnions 16 (see Figure 2) are .
W O s1/Q4347 P~r0GB9O/01444 -5- 206638~
mounted on the end face 18 of the sleeve opposite the base plate. The pairs of trunnions are egually spaced about the end of the sleeve. The trunnions in eàch pair are spaced from one another alonq the circumference of the sleeve and are thus symmetrically disposed about the longitudlnal axls X of the sleeve. A hardened steel axle 20 is supported between each pair of trunnlons. Each axle l~ disposed with its axis tangential to a common circ}e (lntlcated at 24) having its centre on the longitudinal axls X. Mutually identical hardened steel ~-rollers 40 are mounted one on each axle. The rollers are slim in cross sectlon, each tapering inwardly from lts centre towards its periphery.
Slots 26 are cut into the sleeve 12 between the trunnions to accomodate the rollers~0.
-' The billet 30 shown in Figure 1 comprises a jacket 32 containing a core 34 made up of mild steel or other engineering steel swarf compacted into briguettes. The interfaces between the briguettes are lndlcated at 3~a. The intcrfaces arc formed with interengaging protuberances and reces~es which help to prevent ~eparatlon of the briguettes during the ~ub~equent rolling operation. Prior to ¦ ~ compaction the ~warf should be cleaned and crushed as described in ~ 20 Brltish patent ~13135~5. 8warf so treated will still have normal ., , surface oxldation. This oxidatlon will be removed when the billet is heated. It may however be preferable to use swarf which, after ; cleaning and crushing, has been preheated and allowed to cool ln reducing conditions to remove the surface oxides.
The jacket 32 is comprised of a welded tube 32a of austenitic stainless steel to each end of which an open ended sleeve or end piece 32b of mild steel is butt welded, as indicated at 32c. Typically the stainless steel tube is about 100 mm in diameter and 85 cm in length.
~ Each end piece is 15cm long so that the overall length of the jacket ?i ~, 00 is 100 cm. The jacket could alternatively be comprised entirely of a tube of stainless steel or mild steel. In yet another alternative the iacket might be comprised entirely of copper or of a central tube of copper to each end of which mlld steel end pieces are brazed.
':;
, ,.. . ~ . ... . . . .. ... . ..
W O 91/04347 P~r/GB90/01440 ~3~ ~ -6-The core is formed substantially in the manner described in British patent ~13135~5. Successive charges of the swarf are fed into the bore of the tube through the end piece 32b at, say, the left hand end of the tube. A hydraulic press ls used to compact each load in turn into S a briguette. The press comprlses a ram whlch ls extended into the bore of the tube from the left hand end. The flrst load of swarf is compacted between the ram against a stop at the right hand end of the tube to form the first briquette. Each subseguent load of swarf is compacted by the ram against the last-formed briguette. Pressinq of briguettes continues until the jacket 32 is substantially filled up. A
small space is left in the bore between the end 36 of the core and each end of the jacket. Typically there would be twenty three briguettes each about 4 cm long ln a completed blllet. about The core should in any case project well lnto the sleeve 32b at each end of the ~acket.
Th^ press may alternatively comprise two rams which are extended one into each end of thc tube. In thls case the first briguette i~ formed at the longitudlnal centre of the tube and loads of swarf are thereafter fed lnto each end of the tube so that two briquettes are formed in each subseguent cycle of the press.
The geometry of the assembly 10 is such that the outer diameter of the ~acket 32 is less than the internal diameter of the sleeve 12 but greater than the diameter of the smallest circle (indicated at 26 which intersects the rollers 40. In one example, where rollers of 150 mm diameter are used with a billet of 100 mm diameter, the diameter of the circle 26 is about 20m~.
In use the assemblies 10 are mounted on rams which are coaxially disposed facing one another with their axes in alignment. The billet 30 is located in a holding fixture or die (not shown) so as also to be in axial alignment with the rams. The two rams are extended so that the assemblies 10 engage the ends of the tube. Further extension of ; the rams causes the rollers to ride ouer the ends of the tube, each roller forming an indentation 42 extending along the tube. The provision of more than three rollers in each assembly 10 causes the .':'. ' ~ ' ' ''' ' - ' .' ' . ... .
W O 91/04347 P1~r/GB90/01444 _7 206638~ ;
tube to centre itself so that its lon~itudinal axis is in alignment with the longitudinal axes X of the assemblies I0. The rolling action of the rollers substantially reduces the pressure required to form the lndentatlons. A force of about 80 tonnes is reguired to form the ends of a billet having a ~acket of 6 mm wall thickness and 100 mm diameter. ~
~.
Each tube end is formed into the shape of a five polnted star substantlally as shown ln Figure ~. Five indentations 42 are formed in the tube end disposed symmetrically about the longitudinal axis X
10 of the billet. Each indentation comprises two walls 44, 46 which are symmetrically disposed one on either side of a line oi intersection ~8 lying in a plane throuqh the longitudinal axis %. Each indentation -terminates at a terminal position 50 spaced from the end of the blllet. From the terminal position the indentation increases in depth 15 towards the end of the blllet. Eventually the end of the billet ls nearly closed by the lndentations. The walls of each indcntation are close together ant the base~ of the indentatlons almost meet at the centre of the tube.
;.
.,, ~ In the example shown the height of the end of the tube presented to ; 20 the rolls after the lndentations are formed is about 80 mm. The shape and the diminished height ~ kes entry of a~billet into the rolllng mill rolls substantially easier. The ~angle of bite~ is reduced from about 63 to 58. The tube will moreover be closed more efficiently by the rolls with a lower incidence of ~fish tails~ which again eases the 25 entry of the billet between subsequent rolls and the exit therefrom.
In the case of a billet with a ~acket made entirely of stalnless steel - the length of the defective ends of the rolled product which are cut off and discarded is also reduced.
It is not intended that the scope of a patent granted on the 30 application of which this specification forms a part should exclude h modifications and/or improvements which are within the spirit of the invention as defined in the claims appended hereto or be limited by detai}s of the embodiments described and/or illustrated further than is necessary to distinguish the invention from the prior art.
,.
.
~ A
COM~ ~TING SCRhP METAL IN A TU~E FOR RECYCLING
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
Thls lnventlon relates to the recycling of scrap metal. It has partlcular applicatlon to recycllng by roillng or otherwlse hot-worklng a blllet made up of scrap metal swarf compacted ln a tubular ~acket. ~-The term ~swarf" comprehends the off cuts from machinlng operations in general and is intended to include the off cuts from turning, boring, shaping and milling operatlons on engineering steels. The fine off cuts from some stamping and punching operations may also be suitable.
The term "engineerlng steel~ 15 intended to describe those low alloy steels whlch are commonly sub~ccted to mach1nlng operations including mild steel (a term which itself includes carbon steelJ, forging steel and axle or shaft steel all of whlch contain signlflcant amounts of lS carbon.
':
. .
; In British patent #1313545 there is dlsclosed, lnter alla, a process ln whlch steel ~warf is pre~sed lnto compact masses (which for convenience wlll be called ~brlquettesn). The briguettes are pres~ed together and ~acketed ln a closed tube, usually of steel or stalnlcss steel. The bilIet so formed 15 then heated and worked by a process such as rolling into a flnlshed or semi-flnished product.
The forming of the briquettes may take place in a cavity die prior to being iacketed. Alternatively briquettes may be formed directly in the bore of the tube. In this case the tube is inserted ln a supporting die during the compaction process and the bore of the tube serves as the cavity. In either case the compaction is carrled out by means of a press having a ram which presses a quantity of the swarf previously inserted in the cavity into a brlguette. The ram is then withdrawn and a new charge of swarf is inserted in the cavity. The ram is agaln inserted in the cavity to form a new briquette pressed up against the W O 91/0434~ P~r/GB90/0l440 ; ~6~ 2-earller formed briquette. The cycle is repeated until the cavity is substantially filled up with briguettes.
During the heatlng the oxides on the swarf inside the jacketing tube are reduced and during the`worklng process the metal particles of which the briguettes are composed are consolidated into a unitary mass which are sintered to each other and to the jacket.
The reductlon of oxldes on the swarf occurs as a result of the combination thereof with carbon which is either introduced into the iacket or which diffuses out of the steel or other metal of which the swarf is composed. The jacketing tube serves to maintain reducing conditions within the billet. Attempts to produce an acceptable hot worked product from a billet of unjacketed swarf have been unsuccessful even when great care was taken to try to prevent atmospheric oxygen from getting to tbe hot billet.
Billets comprising mlld steel ~ackets are commerclally lmportant slnce they can be used to make fln1shet or semi-flnlshet protucts at low cost. However, another co _ rclally and technlcally important product of the process is a billet comprised of a stainless steel jacket filled with briguettes of mlld steel or carbon steel which can be worked into a finished product having the desirable properties and low cost of engineering steel but whlch has a corrosion resistant ; ~ stainless steel cladding.
A product comprising a core of steel clad wlth a non-ferrous metal such as copper also has co _ rcial potential.
2S Billets comprising tubes filled with compacted swarf have presented special problems at the rolling stage. It is advantageous to taper the ends of the jacket to reduce the ~anqle of bite" to enable the billet more easily to enter the rolls. This is especially true in the case of ~;~ - a billet comprising a stainless steel jacket since the coefficient of friction between such a jacket and the rolls is less than between a mild steel jacket and the rolls.
,... .. . ~.. , ~ . ., ~ , .
W O 91/04347 PC~r/GB9O/Ot440 -3- 20~6~84 ~ ~
In some of the billets :h have previously been produced the ends have been partially or wnolly closed Çor the purpose of excluding or at least reducing the free acce~s of atmospheric oxygen to the swarf enclosed ln the ~acket. One of the methods used to close the billet has been to crimp the ends of the ~acket over the end faces of the corc. Whlle the crimpinq of the ends of the ~acket has resulted in a billet in which the ends are in effect tapered it is still difficult to feed the billet into the rolls and an excessive proportion of the ends of the rolled product are as a conseguence mis-shapen or otherwise defective and must be sheared off and discarded. From a cost point of view this is particularly important when the ~acket is of stainless steel or copper.
.~ .
It is an object of the invention to provide a billet in which entry into the rolls is eased. ~, SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to the invention there ls provided a method of forming a blllet comprising a mass of compressed swarf jacketed in a tubular ~acket, characterised in fo,rming in the ~acket ad~acent at least one '~end of the billet a number of substantially similar indentations each of which terminates at a terminal position spaced from the said one end of the billet and which increases in depth from the terminal position to the said one end of the billet.
.
;~ In one form of the invention the iacket comprises a first portion joined to an ent piece in which the indentations are formed, the first portion and the end piece being of materials of different composition.
~ .
According to one aspect of the invention the end piece is of engineering steel. According to another aspect of the invention the first portion is of stainless steel.
Advantageously the billet has a longitudinal axis about which the indentations are symmetrically disposed. Each indentation advantageously comprises two walls which are symmetrically disposed ... ............... . . . . ... . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . .
W O 9l/04347 P(~r/GB90/01440 ~ 4-one on either side of a line of intersection lying in a plane through the longitudinal axis.
According to one aspect of the invention the indentations are formed ln each end of the ~acket at the same tlme.
Farther according to the inventlon there is provided a method of recycling swarf, characterised in including the steps of forming a blllet as envisaged hereln and rolling the blllet to for~ a rolled product. The ends of the product embodying the remnant indentations or end pleces are of course dlscarded.
~RIEF DESCRIeTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention is further described by way of example with reference to the accompanying dravings ln which:
Figurc 1 is a somewhat schematic croJs-sectional side view of a blllet located between end-forming assemblies;
Flgure 2 ls an enlarged view on Arrow A in Figure 1 of one of the end-forming assemblies;
, Figure 3 is a sectional side view of one end;of the billet in the ; ~ ~ process of being pushed into an end-forming assembly; and Flgurc 4 Is an end view of a billet, the for~iog of the end of which is nearly complcte.
~ .
~ ~ DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EXAMPLES 8HOWN IN THE DRAWINGS
~ , The two end-forming asscmblies 10 shown in Figure l are mutually identical so only one will be described. It comprises a high tensile steel sleeve 12 joined to a base plate 14 at one end. The base plate 14 is provided with bolt holes or the like (not shown) by means of which the assembly is mounted on the head of thç ram of a hydraulic press (also not shown). Five pairs of trunnions 16 (see Figure 2) are .
W O s1/Q4347 P~r0GB9O/01444 -5- 206638~
mounted on the end face 18 of the sleeve opposite the base plate. The pairs of trunnions are egually spaced about the end of the sleeve. The trunnions in eàch pair are spaced from one another alonq the circumference of the sleeve and are thus symmetrically disposed about the longitudlnal axls X of the sleeve. A hardened steel axle 20 is supported between each pair of trunnlons. Each axle l~ disposed with its axis tangential to a common circ}e (lntlcated at 24) having its centre on the longitudinal axls X. Mutually identical hardened steel ~-rollers 40 are mounted one on each axle. The rollers are slim in cross sectlon, each tapering inwardly from lts centre towards its periphery.
Slots 26 are cut into the sleeve 12 between the trunnions to accomodate the rollers~0.
-' The billet 30 shown in Figure 1 comprises a jacket 32 containing a core 34 made up of mild steel or other engineering steel swarf compacted into briguettes. The interfaces between the briguettes are lndlcated at 3~a. The intcrfaces arc formed with interengaging protuberances and reces~es which help to prevent ~eparatlon of the briguettes during the ~ub~equent rolling operation. Prior to ¦ ~ compaction the ~warf should be cleaned and crushed as described in ~ 20 Brltish patent ~13135~5. 8warf so treated will still have normal ., , surface oxldation. This oxidatlon will be removed when the billet is heated. It may however be preferable to use swarf which, after ; cleaning and crushing, has been preheated and allowed to cool ln reducing conditions to remove the surface oxides.
The jacket 32 is comprised of a welded tube 32a of austenitic stainless steel to each end of which an open ended sleeve or end piece 32b of mild steel is butt welded, as indicated at 32c. Typically the stainless steel tube is about 100 mm in diameter and 85 cm in length.
~ Each end piece is 15cm long so that the overall length of the jacket ?i ~, 00 is 100 cm. The jacket could alternatively be comprised entirely of a tube of stainless steel or mild steel. In yet another alternative the iacket might be comprised entirely of copper or of a central tube of copper to each end of which mlld steel end pieces are brazed.
':;
, ,.. . ~ . ... . . . .. ... . ..
W O 91/04347 P~r/GB90/01440 ~3~ ~ -6-The core is formed substantially in the manner described in British patent ~13135~5. Successive charges of the swarf are fed into the bore of the tube through the end piece 32b at, say, the left hand end of the tube. A hydraulic press ls used to compact each load in turn into S a briguette. The press comprlses a ram whlch ls extended into the bore of the tube from the left hand end. The flrst load of swarf is compacted between the ram against a stop at the right hand end of the tube to form the first briquette. Each subseguent load of swarf is compacted by the ram against the last-formed briguette. Pressinq of briguettes continues until the jacket 32 is substantially filled up. A
small space is left in the bore between the end 36 of the core and each end of the jacket. Typically there would be twenty three briguettes each about 4 cm long ln a completed blllet. about The core should in any case project well lnto the sleeve 32b at each end of the ~acket.
Th^ press may alternatively comprise two rams which are extended one into each end of thc tube. In thls case the first briguette i~ formed at the longitudlnal centre of the tube and loads of swarf are thereafter fed lnto each end of the tube so that two briquettes are formed in each subseguent cycle of the press.
The geometry of the assembly 10 is such that the outer diameter of the ~acket 32 is less than the internal diameter of the sleeve 12 but greater than the diameter of the smallest circle (indicated at 26 which intersects the rollers 40. In one example, where rollers of 150 mm diameter are used with a billet of 100 mm diameter, the diameter of the circle 26 is about 20m~.
In use the assemblies 10 are mounted on rams which are coaxially disposed facing one another with their axes in alignment. The billet 30 is located in a holding fixture or die (not shown) so as also to be in axial alignment with the rams. The two rams are extended so that the assemblies 10 engage the ends of the tube. Further extension of ; the rams causes the rollers to ride ouer the ends of the tube, each roller forming an indentation 42 extending along the tube. The provision of more than three rollers in each assembly 10 causes the .':'. ' ~ ' ' ''' ' - ' .' ' . ... .
W O 91/04347 P1~r/GB90/01444 _7 206638~ ;
tube to centre itself so that its lon~itudinal axis is in alignment with the longitudinal axes X of the assemblies I0. The rolling action of the rollers substantially reduces the pressure required to form the lndentatlons. A force of about 80 tonnes is reguired to form the ends of a billet having a ~acket of 6 mm wall thickness and 100 mm diameter. ~
~.
Each tube end is formed into the shape of a five polnted star substantlally as shown ln Figure ~. Five indentations 42 are formed in the tube end disposed symmetrically about the longitudinal axis X
10 of the billet. Each indentation comprises two walls 44, 46 which are symmetrically disposed one on either side of a line oi intersection ~8 lying in a plane throuqh the longitudinal axis %. Each indentation -terminates at a terminal position 50 spaced from the end of the blllet. From the terminal position the indentation increases in depth 15 towards the end of the blllet. Eventually the end of the billet ls nearly closed by the lndentations. The walls of each indcntation are close together ant the base~ of the indentatlons almost meet at the centre of the tube.
;.
.,, ~ In the example shown the height of the end of the tube presented to ; 20 the rolls after the lndentations are formed is about 80 mm. The shape and the diminished height ~ kes entry of a~billet into the rolllng mill rolls substantially easier. The ~angle of bite~ is reduced from about 63 to 58. The tube will moreover be closed more efficiently by the rolls with a lower incidence of ~fish tails~ which again eases the 25 entry of the billet between subsequent rolls and the exit therefrom.
In the case of a billet with a ~acket made entirely of stalnless steel - the length of the defective ends of the rolled product which are cut off and discarded is also reduced.
It is not intended that the scope of a patent granted on the 30 application of which this specification forms a part should exclude h modifications and/or improvements which are within the spirit of the invention as defined in the claims appended hereto or be limited by detai}s of the embodiments described and/or illustrated further than is necessary to distinguish the invention from the prior art.
,.
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Claims
1.
A method of forming a billet [30] comprising a mass of compressed swarf [34] jacketed in a tubular jacket [32], characterised in forming in the jacket adjacent at least one end of the billet a number of substantially similar indentations [42] each of which terminates at a terminal position [50] spaced from the said one end of the billet and which increases in depth from the terminal position to the said one end of the billet.
2.
A method of forming a billet according to claim 1, characterised in that the jacket comprises a first portion [32a] joined to an end piece [32b] in which the indentations are formed, the first portion and the end piece being of materials of different composition.
3.
A method of forming a billet according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that the end piece is of engineering steel.
4.
A method of forming a billet according to claim 2 or claim 3, characterised in that the first portion is of stainless steel.
5.
A method of forming a billet according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the billet has a longitudinal axis [X] about which the indentations are symmetrically disposed.
6.
A method of forming a billet according to claim 5, characterised in that each indentation comprises two walls [44, 46] which are symmetrically disposed one on either side of a line [48] of intersection lying in a plane through the longitudinal axis.
7.
A method of forming a billet according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the indentations are formed in each end of the jacket at the same time.
8.
A billet [30] characterised in that it is produced by a method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
A method of forming a billet [30] comprising a mass of compressed swarf [34] jacketed in a tubular jacket [32], characterised in forming in the jacket adjacent at least one end of the billet a number of substantially similar indentations [42] each of which terminates at a terminal position [50] spaced from the said one end of the billet and which increases in depth from the terminal position to the said one end of the billet.
2.
A method of forming a billet according to claim 1, characterised in that the jacket comprises a first portion [32a] joined to an end piece [32b] in which the indentations are formed, the first portion and the end piece being of materials of different composition.
3.
A method of forming a billet according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that the end piece is of engineering steel.
4.
A method of forming a billet according to claim 2 or claim 3, characterised in that the first portion is of stainless steel.
5.
A method of forming a billet according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the billet has a longitudinal axis [X] about which the indentations are symmetrically disposed.
6.
A method of forming a billet according to claim 5, characterised in that each indentation comprises two walls [44, 46] which are symmetrically disposed one on either side of a line [48] of intersection lying in a plane through the longitudinal axis.
7.
A method of forming a billet according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the indentations are formed in each end of the jacket at the same time.
8.
A billet [30] characterised in that it is produced by a method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NZ228419 | 1989-09-21 | ||
| NZ22941989 | 1989-09-21 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2066584A1 true CA2066584A1 (en) | 1991-03-22 |
Family
ID=19922890
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002066584A Abandoned CA2066584A1 (en) | 1989-09-21 | 1990-09-19 | Compacting scrap metal in a tube for recycling |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2066584A1 (en) |
-
1990
- 1990-09-19 CA CA002066584A patent/CA2066584A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Dead |