CA2054974A1 - Method of and apparatus for putting out fires under pressure, in particular fires of oil wells - Google Patents
Method of and apparatus for putting out fires under pressure, in particular fires of oil wellsInfo
- Publication number
- CA2054974A1 CA2054974A1 CA002054974A CA2054974A CA2054974A1 CA 2054974 A1 CA2054974 A1 CA 2054974A1 CA 002054974 A CA002054974 A CA 002054974A CA 2054974 A CA2054974 A CA 2054974A CA 2054974 A1 CA2054974 A1 CA 2054974A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- fire
- container
- extinguishing
- fires
- compositions
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940000425 combination drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 CC12F2 Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)Cl VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000011893 Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluoroform Chemical compound FC(F)F XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001864 baryta Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B35/00—Methods or apparatus for preventing or extinguishing fires
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C35/00—Permanently-installed equipment
- A62C35/02—Permanently-installed equipment with containers for delivering the extinguishing substance
- A62C35/10—Containers destroyed or opened by flames or heat
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A method of putting out fires under pressure is disclosed, in particular fires of oil wells, which method is based upon the use of an apparatus having a suitable geometry and containing a composition or a mixture of liquefied extinguishing and/or inert compositions, which apparatus is placed at a distance from the hole of the burning oil well and collapses because of the internal pressure so that pressure vapours burst out and hit at once and homogeneously the whole front of the fire so as to put fire out.
A method of putting out fires under pressure is disclosed, in particular fires of oil wells, which method is based upon the use of an apparatus having a suitable geometry and containing a composition or a mixture of liquefied extinguishing and/or inert compositions, which apparatus is placed at a distance from the hole of the burning oil well and collapses because of the internal pressure so that pressure vapours burst out and hit at once and homogeneously the whole front of the fire so as to put fire out.
Description
~S~5~74 METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR PUTTING OUT FIRES UNrjER
PRESSURE, IN PARTICULAR FIRES OF OIL WELLS.
***
The present invention relates to a method of and an apparatus for putting out fires under pressure, in particular fires of oil wells and the like.
The main feature of such a system is that of using in combination the extinguishing effect of suitable compositions and the pressure wave directed to the fire so as to dispense istantaneously and homogeneously such compositions on the whole area on fire causing fire to extinguish at once.
Techniques and devices for putting fires out are well known and tested. Generally, difficulties and fai-lures are due to the particular conditions of the sup-porter of the combustion (shape and size, pressure in case of a fluid, a.s.o.) rather than to the inefficiency of the used compositions, which extinguishing features in the specific application field are very good.
Putting out a burning oil well, where the favour-able circumstance of the limited extension of the burning area is made useless by the particular violence of the fire fed by a pressure liquid with high degree of inflam-mability, is particularly complex.
Under such conditions putting out systems using extinguishing compositions do not find any application because unlike "extended" fires, (where it is possible to put out fire "progressively" by a continuous, progressi-ve extinguishment of the flames), in case of burning oil wells it is necessary to extinguish fire at once so that the oil continuously fed from the well does no~ fire any '1 974 longer.
Methods and means known at the present status of art for putting out burning oil wells envisage the following three different categories of operations:
1) blowing up the well with dynamite to put out the fire by the explosion shock wave and removing the latticework damaged by the fire;
PRESSURE, IN PARTICULAR FIRES OF OIL WELLS.
***
The present invention relates to a method of and an apparatus for putting out fires under pressure, in particular fires of oil wells and the like.
The main feature of such a system is that of using in combination the extinguishing effect of suitable compositions and the pressure wave directed to the fire so as to dispense istantaneously and homogeneously such compositions on the whole area on fire causing fire to extinguish at once.
Techniques and devices for putting fires out are well known and tested. Generally, difficulties and fai-lures are due to the particular conditions of the sup-porter of the combustion (shape and size, pressure in case of a fluid, a.s.o.) rather than to the inefficiency of the used compositions, which extinguishing features in the specific application field are very good.
Putting out a burning oil well, where the favour-able circumstance of the limited extension of the burning area is made useless by the particular violence of the fire fed by a pressure liquid with high degree of inflam-mability, is particularly complex.
Under such conditions putting out systems using extinguishing compositions do not find any application because unlike "extended" fires, (where it is possible to put out fire "progressively" by a continuous, progressi-ve extinguishment of the flames), in case of burning oil wells it is necessary to extinguish fire at once so that the oil continuously fed from the well does no~ fire any '1 974 longer.
Methods and means known at the present status of art for putting out burning oil wells envisage the following three different categories of operations:
1) blowing up the well with dynamite to put out the fire by the explosion shock wave and removing the latticework damaged by the fire;
2) boring the soil up to the oil body and pro-viding a new well through which the oil flow is turned so that the geologic pressure at the fire spot is dropped;
3) pumping baryta or similar solid material and water into a side pipeline reaching the bottom of the oil well so that the well is chocked.
Such techniques, however, are expensive from the economical and operational point of view.
Therefore, the present invention seeks to solve the problem of easily and economically putting out fires under pressure avoiding the drawbacks involved by the present methods. The object is attained by releasing at once a predetermined amount of an extinguishing compo-sition or mixture of compositions at a suitable pressure and in such a position as to be effective against the fire.
Unlike the known systems, the present method is based upon the combination of the extinguishing effect of the used compositions and the homogeneous, effective, instant distribution of said compositions over the whole front of the fire because of a shock wave.
This has been achieved according to the invention through the combined use of a composition or a mixture of liquefied compositions having extinguishing and/or inert ~5~974 capability and a container of such compositions having two peculiar operation features:
a) if the container is suitably placed over the fire spot, it can collapse because of the increase of the internal pressure due to the thermal gradient, thus re-leasing simultaneously the contained compositions; and b) the container is able to dispense at once the above mentioned compositions homogeneously and effecti-vely over the whole solid angle covered by the fire.
In practice, both the shape and size of the con-tainer may be varied and fitted to the characteristics of the fire to be put out provided that the cone of diffu-sion formed as a result of the collapse is able to cover the whole front of the fire.
Further features and advantages of this invention will be made apparent from the following detailed de-scription with reference to the accompanying drawings illustrating, by way of a non-limitative example, two preferred embodiments. In the drawings:
Fig. 1 shows schematically a section view of a container according to the invention having the form of a cone with a hemispherical bowl;
Fig. 2 shows a section of an alternate container having a spherical form.
With reference to Figure 1, the empty container 4 is formed as a hemisphere 8 having walls of thickness d1 and a conical body 6 of thickness d2 overlapped thereto and provided at the top with a hook means 14.
The thicknesses d1 and d2 are designed as a func-tion of the material of which the container is made so that ~he container collapses under the effect of the in-~'S~9~4 creasing pressure generated by the temperature gradient causing the expansion of the compositions contained therein and it releases at once and at a predetermined pressure the extinguishing mixture which is conveyed to the whole front of the fire.
The container may be formed of any material provi-ded that it is uninflammable. By way of example, contai-ners of aluminum and alloys thereof with copper and bronze have been used in the experimental tests.
The loading of the compositions to be used is car-ried out through common sealing input means 10 and 12 which are usually provided under safety conditions.
All of the extinguishing compositions alone or in combination with one another and with inerts may be used.
The best results have been achieved by the use of compo-sitions having a very low boiling point, i.e. under li-quefied form. Among the latter there are the halogen de-rivatives of methane and ethane, in particular C2F5Cl, CHClF2, CC12F2, CHF3, used alone or in combination with one another, at varying relative proportions and with or without liquid nitrogen which besides the extinguishing characteristic has also a propellant effect causing a more effective diffusion of the used compositions.
Also the effectiveness of liquid nitrogen or other inert gas with high expansion capacity alone or in com-bination with said compositions has been tested.
The putting out method according to the present invention is extremely easy and immediate: after having partially filled the container with the composition or mixture of extinguishing compositions, the sealed con-tainer is placed at a distance from the fire by any known ~`s^~9~
means. As a result of the high thermal gradient the inner pressure of the container is quickly increased, and when the value determined by the characteristics of the mate-rial and by the thickness of the thinner walls is reached, the container collapses and spreads vapours of the contained compositions under pressure onto the fire through the rent sheet. The upper part of the container above the predetermined rent remains integral after the collapse of the container and prevents the vapours from dissipating upwards so that the latter are conveyed down-wards to attack the flames and put fire out.
An alternate embodiment of the device of the in-vention is shown in ~igure 2. In such case the container has a spherical geometry without prejudice to the diffe-rence in the thicknesses dl and d2 of the two hemispheres 8 and 8a, respectively.
The present invention has been illustrated and de-scribed with reference to two preferred embodiments but it should be understood that construction modifications directed to achieve the same results of this invention may be made by those skilled in the art without parting from the scope of the present industrial invention.
Such techniques, however, are expensive from the economical and operational point of view.
Therefore, the present invention seeks to solve the problem of easily and economically putting out fires under pressure avoiding the drawbacks involved by the present methods. The object is attained by releasing at once a predetermined amount of an extinguishing compo-sition or mixture of compositions at a suitable pressure and in such a position as to be effective against the fire.
Unlike the known systems, the present method is based upon the combination of the extinguishing effect of the used compositions and the homogeneous, effective, instant distribution of said compositions over the whole front of the fire because of a shock wave.
This has been achieved according to the invention through the combined use of a composition or a mixture of liquefied compositions having extinguishing and/or inert ~5~974 capability and a container of such compositions having two peculiar operation features:
a) if the container is suitably placed over the fire spot, it can collapse because of the increase of the internal pressure due to the thermal gradient, thus re-leasing simultaneously the contained compositions; and b) the container is able to dispense at once the above mentioned compositions homogeneously and effecti-vely over the whole solid angle covered by the fire.
In practice, both the shape and size of the con-tainer may be varied and fitted to the characteristics of the fire to be put out provided that the cone of diffu-sion formed as a result of the collapse is able to cover the whole front of the fire.
Further features and advantages of this invention will be made apparent from the following detailed de-scription with reference to the accompanying drawings illustrating, by way of a non-limitative example, two preferred embodiments. In the drawings:
Fig. 1 shows schematically a section view of a container according to the invention having the form of a cone with a hemispherical bowl;
Fig. 2 shows a section of an alternate container having a spherical form.
With reference to Figure 1, the empty container 4 is formed as a hemisphere 8 having walls of thickness d1 and a conical body 6 of thickness d2 overlapped thereto and provided at the top with a hook means 14.
The thicknesses d1 and d2 are designed as a func-tion of the material of which the container is made so that ~he container collapses under the effect of the in-~'S~9~4 creasing pressure generated by the temperature gradient causing the expansion of the compositions contained therein and it releases at once and at a predetermined pressure the extinguishing mixture which is conveyed to the whole front of the fire.
The container may be formed of any material provi-ded that it is uninflammable. By way of example, contai-ners of aluminum and alloys thereof with copper and bronze have been used in the experimental tests.
The loading of the compositions to be used is car-ried out through common sealing input means 10 and 12 which are usually provided under safety conditions.
All of the extinguishing compositions alone or in combination with one another and with inerts may be used.
The best results have been achieved by the use of compo-sitions having a very low boiling point, i.e. under li-quefied form. Among the latter there are the halogen de-rivatives of methane and ethane, in particular C2F5Cl, CHClF2, CC12F2, CHF3, used alone or in combination with one another, at varying relative proportions and with or without liquid nitrogen which besides the extinguishing characteristic has also a propellant effect causing a more effective diffusion of the used compositions.
Also the effectiveness of liquid nitrogen or other inert gas with high expansion capacity alone or in com-bination with said compositions has been tested.
The putting out method according to the present invention is extremely easy and immediate: after having partially filled the container with the composition or mixture of extinguishing compositions, the sealed con-tainer is placed at a distance from the fire by any known ~`s^~9~
means. As a result of the high thermal gradient the inner pressure of the container is quickly increased, and when the value determined by the characteristics of the mate-rial and by the thickness of the thinner walls is reached, the container collapses and spreads vapours of the contained compositions under pressure onto the fire through the rent sheet. The upper part of the container above the predetermined rent remains integral after the collapse of the container and prevents the vapours from dissipating upwards so that the latter are conveyed down-wards to attack the flames and put fire out.
An alternate embodiment of the device of the in-vention is shown in ~igure 2. In such case the container has a spherical geometry without prejudice to the diffe-rence in the thicknesses dl and d2 of the two hemispheres 8 and 8a, respectively.
The present invention has been illustrated and de-scribed with reference to two preferred embodiments but it should be understood that construction modifications directed to achieve the same results of this invention may be made by those skilled in the art without parting from the scope of the present industrial invention.
Claims (13)
1. A method of putting out fires under pressure, in particular fires of oil wells or the like, characte-rized in that a shock wave is used to dispense an extin-guishing composition at once and homogeneously over the whole front of the fire, thus causing concurrently the fire to be put out.
2. The method of the preceding claims, characte-rized in that a container of an extinguishing composition or a mixture of extinguishing and/or inert compositions alone or in any combination with one another is used, said container being adapted to collapse at a predeter-mined value of pressure according to a predetermined break line relative to the shape of the container as a result of the increase of the internal pressure of the contained composition(s) due to the thermal gradient created by the fire to be put out, whereby a preferential and effective distribution of said composition(s) over the front of the fire to be put out is obtained.
3. The method of the preceding claims characte-rized in that said composition or the percentage ratio of said mixture of compositions included in said container is selected according to the characteristics of the fire to be put out.
4. Apparatus for putting out fires under pressure, in particular fires of oil wells, characterized in that it includes a container of any form, size and material which is adapted to collapse at a predetermined value of internal pressure, and after collapsing to dispense the extinguishing compositions at once and homogeneously over the whole front of the fire.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, characterized in that said extinguishing compositions belong to the class of halogen derivatives, mainly methane and ethane, having extinguishing features.
6. The apparatus of claims 4 and 5, characterized in that said compositions are used alone or in combi-nation with one another at varying proportions or admixed to liquefied inert compounds such as liquid nitrogen.
7. The apparatus of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that only an amount of nitrogen or other inert gases alone or admixed to one another having high expansion capacity is used as extinguishing composition.
8. The apparatus of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that it is contained in a cage which can be made of metal or other material having a mesh pattern resistant to the operating conditions with the function of avoiding that parts of the rent sheet are thrown all around the place of operation.
9. The apparatus of claim 4, characterized in that it is made of uninflammable material.
10. The apparatus of claims 4 to 9, characterized in that it provides input and sealing means for filling inert and/or extinguishing liquids into the container under safety conditions.
11. The apparatus of claims 4 to 10, characterized in that it consists of a hemisphere to which a conical body is overlapped.
12. The apparatus of the preceding claims, charac-terized in that the collapse occurs at the lower portion of the container as the walls of the hemisphere have a lower thickness than that of the overlapped conical body.
13. The apparatus of claims 4 to 10, characterized in that it has a spherical form with a predetermined break line at the section of largest diameter.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ITRM910239A IT1245274B (en) | 1991-04-09 | 1991-04-09 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE FIRE EXTINGUISHING WITH PRESSURE FLAMES, IN PARTICULAR FROM PETROLEUM WELLS AND SIMILAR |
| ITRM91A000239 | 1991-04-09 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2054974A1 true CA2054974A1 (en) | 1992-10-10 |
Family
ID=11400070
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002054974A Abandoned CA2054974A1 (en) | 1991-04-09 | 1991-11-05 | Method of and apparatus for putting out fires under pressure, in particular fires of oil wells |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0508959B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE137561T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2054974A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69210301D1 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1245274B (en) |
| MX (1) | MX9200454A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112023295B (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2021-06-29 | 中国南方电网有限责任公司超高压输电公司检修试验中心 | Fire disaster reduction system and method for transformer |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3918526A (en) * | 1971-12-09 | 1975-11-11 | Kabo Kogyo Co Ltd | Fire-extinguishing device |
| US3833064A (en) * | 1972-08-01 | 1974-09-03 | J Ranney | Means for extinguishing fires |
| DK111279A (en) * | 1979-03-19 | 1980-09-20 | B P Sperling | SELF-EFFECTIVE PRESSURE FIRE EXTENSION |
| US4337831A (en) * | 1980-03-07 | 1982-07-06 | Thaxton Darrel G | Fire extinguishing apparatus for oil wells |
| FR2565495B1 (en) * | 1984-06-08 | 1989-02-17 | Abg Semca | FAST DISCHARGE EXTINGUISHER |
| US4830114A (en) * | 1987-07-17 | 1989-05-16 | Future Fire Suppression, Inc. | Self-activating fire extinguisher |
| FR2619014B1 (en) * | 1987-08-07 | 1991-08-16 | Lemonnier Andre | FIRE FIGHTING METHOD USING LIQUID NITROGEN AS EXTINGUISHING AGENT AND FIRE FIGHTING VEHICLE USING THE SAME |
| DE4000010A1 (en) * | 1989-01-06 | 1990-07-12 | Franz Doerr | Automatically triggered fire extinguisher - has nozzles sealed with solder that melts in fire to release agent |
| EP0390384A1 (en) * | 1989-03-31 | 1990-10-03 | Kidde-Graviner Limited | Fire extinguishers |
-
1991
- 1991-04-09 IT ITRM910239A patent/IT1245274B/en active IP Right Grant
- 1991-11-05 CA CA002054974A patent/CA2054974A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
1992
- 1992-01-29 DE DE69210301T patent/DE69210301D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-01-29 EP EP92830034A patent/EP0508959B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-01-29 AT AT92830034T patent/ATE137561T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-01-31 MX MX9200454A patent/MX9200454A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE69210301D1 (en) | 1996-06-05 |
| ATE137561T1 (en) | 1996-05-15 |
| MX9200454A (en) | 1992-10-01 |
| EP0508959A1 (en) | 1992-10-14 |
| EP0508959B1 (en) | 1996-05-01 |
| IT1245274B (en) | 1994-09-13 |
| ITRM910239A1 (en) | 1992-10-09 |
| ITRM910239A0 (en) | 1991-04-09 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |