CN112023295B - Fire disaster reduction system and method for transformer - Google Patents

Fire disaster reduction system and method for transformer Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112023295B
CN112023295B CN202010762373.8A CN202010762373A CN112023295B CN 112023295 B CN112023295 B CN 112023295B CN 202010762373 A CN202010762373 A CN 202010762373A CN 112023295 B CN112023295 B CN 112023295B
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oil
water
transformer
fire
upper computer
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CN112023295A (en
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邓军
潘志城
邓集瀚
谢志成
梁晨
刘青松
张晋寅
周海滨
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Maintenance and Test Center of Extra High Voltage Power Transmission Co
Dali Bureau of Extra High Voltage Transmission Co
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Maintenance and Test Center of Extra High Voltage Power Transmission Co
Dali Bureau of Extra High Voltage Transmission Co
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/06—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places of highly inflammable material, e.g. light metals, petroleum products
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
    • A62C31/02—Nozzles specially adapted for fire-extinguishing
    • A62C31/12—Nozzles specially adapted for fire-extinguishing for delivering foam or atomised foam
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C37/00—Control of fire-fighting equipment
    • A62C37/36—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device
    • A62C37/38—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device by both sensor and actuator, e.g. valve, being in the danger zone
    • A62C37/40—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device by both sensor and actuator, e.g. valve, being in the danger zone with electric connection between sensor and actuator
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C5/00—Making of fire-extinguishing materials immediately before use
    • A62C5/02—Making of fire-extinguishing materials immediately before use of foam

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Housings And Mounting Of Transformers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a fire disaster reduction system and a method for a transformer, which comprises an upper computer, a video monitoring device, a heavy gas signal sensor, an oil level sensor, a smoke sensor, an alarm, a fire extinguishing device, a discharge system and an accident oil system, wherein the upper computer is connected with the video monitoring device for acquiring the environmental information of the transformer, and is respectively connected with the heavy gas signal sensor for sensing the heavy gas of the transformer, the oil level sensor for sensing the oil level of the transformer and the smoke sensor for sensing smoke of the transformer; the transformer is provided with a fire extinguishing device; the upper computer is connected with a discharge system used for emergency oil discharge of the transformer, and the discharge system is matched with the accident oil system. By adopting the technical scheme, the method has the advantages of improving the safety, timeliness and accuracy of the system and reducing the consumption of manpower resources.

Description

Fire disaster reduction system and method for transformer
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fire-fighting equipment, in particular to a fire disaster reduction system and method for a transformer.
Background
An oil tank accident oil discharge valve of a transformer body is in a normally closed state, when emergency oil discharge is needed in case of a transformer ignition accident, an operator needs to open the valve and break glass sheets in danger of life, if the transformer starts to burn, the operator can not discharge oil any more and can only rely on the burning and explosion of the transformer; meanwhile, the disaster reduction and fire extinguishing system at the present stage adopts threshold value control, frequent misoperation and lack of reliability, and although the plant station is provided with the equipment video monitoring system, the number of sub-frames is too many, and personnel are required to specially monitor video information in real time.
Further, the safety, timeliness and accuracy of the conventional fire disaster reduction system are low, and too much human resources are consumed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a fire disaster reduction system and method for a transformer, which have the advantages of improving the safety, timeliness and accuracy of the system and reducing the consumption of manpower resources.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a fire disaster reduction system for a transformer comprises an upper computer, a video monitoring device, a heavy gas signal sensor, an oil level sensor, a smoke sensor, an alarm, a fire extinguishing device, a discharge system and an accident oil system; the upper computer is connected with the video monitoring device for acquiring the environmental information of the transformer, the upper computer is respectively connected with the heavy gas signal inductor for inducing heavy gas of the transformer, the oil level inductor for inducing the oil level of the transformer and the smoke sensor for inducing smoke of the transformer, the upper computer is connected with the discharge system for emergently discharging oil from the transformer, and the upper computer outputs a decision to the discharge system and controls the on-off of the discharge system on the basis of the information acquired by the video monitoring device, the heavy gas signal inductor, the oil level inductor and the smoke sensor; the fire extinguishing device is arranged at the top of an oil tank of the transformer;
the upper computer is connected with an accident oil system used for processing accident oil discharged by the discharge system, and the accident oil system is matched with the discharge system; the emergency oil system comprises an emergency oil pool for receiving emergency oil discharged from the transformer, the emergency oil system is provided with a measuring device for measuring the water level and the oil level of the emergency oil pool, the emergency oil pool is provided with a water spraying device, the bottom of the emergency oil pool is provided with a drawing-off device, and the measuring device, the water spraying device and the drawing-off device are all connected with the upper computer.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the host computer is connected with video monitoring device, and then better observation condition of a fire and with relevant information transfer to the host computer for the analysis of colour segmentation, area change and local texture characteristic can be done to the host computer on video monitoring device's information basis, and then more accurate discernment condition of a fire. The heavy gas signal sensor, the oil level sensor and the smoke sensor are connected with the upper computer respectively, collected information is transmitted to the upper computer through the heavy gas signal sensor, the oil level sensor and the smoke sensor, and then the information is fused into multi-dimensional information, so that the rough set model can be conveniently decided, and more accurate decision can be output by utilizing the rough set model. The upper computer is connected with a discharge system for discharging oil to the oil conservator and the transformer, when the output is a fire, the discharge system does not need to be operated manually, and the safety of the system is improved; meanwhile, the consumption of manpower resources is reduced. The fire extinguishing device is installed at the top of the oil tank of the transformer, so that the installation point is a fire extinguishing point, and the timeliness of fire extinguishing response of the system is improved.
The invention is further configured to: the fire extinguishing device comprises a coil pipe arranged at the top of the transformer oil tank, aluminum sulfate solution is placed in the coil pipe, and a plurality of expansion holes are formed in the lower end face of the coil pipe; the inner wall of coil pipe is provided with a plurality of storage awl, it is provided with sodium bicarbonate solution to store the awl, each store the awl and seted up the thermobloated hole.
By adopting the technical scheme, the existing nitrogen injection method has the problems that the malfunction and the malfunction rejection occur, once the malfunction can cause the transformer to trip in normal operation, the malfunction can not act on the combustion of the transformer, and the internal and external structures and the accessory parts of the transformer are seriously damaged; the fire-fighting medium transmission pipelines of the water mist spraying method and the traditional foam fire-fighting method are too long, a large number of auxiliary devices are needed, independent fire-fighting water pump rooms and fire-fighting foam rooms need to be set, a specially-assigned person is needed to carry out timing Vibor, the coil pipe is installed at the top of the transformer oil tank, the input cost can be reduced, the daily operation and maintenance amount is reduced, meanwhile, the installation point is a fire-fighting point, and the fire-fighting water pump room has better response rate and real-time.
The invention is further configured to: the discharge system comprises a body discharge device and an oil conservator discharge device, wherein both the body discharge device and the oil conservator discharge device comprise an anti-explosion fire-resistant shell, the anti-explosion fire-resistant shell is provided with a transmission hole, and the transmission hole is filled with ABS engineering plastics; the anti-explosion fireproof shell is characterized in that an electric valve, an electric pump, a communication chip, an operation chip, a 5G antenna and a storage battery are arranged inside the anti-explosion fireproof shell, the communication chip is connected with the upper computer through the 5G antenna, the communication chip transmits signals of the upper computer to the operation chip, the operation chip controls the electric pump and the electric valve, and the storage battery supplies power to the electric valve, the electric pump, the communication chip, the operation chip and the 5G antenna respectively.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, important part has been seted up the transmission hole by the parcel of antiknock fire-resistant shell, antiknock fire-resistant shell. The communication is transmitted by 5G signals, power supply is provided by a storage battery, the working reliability of the discharge system under extremely severe conditions is ensured, and meanwhile, the oil discharge rate can be increased by the electric pump. The discharge time of the transformer oil of the oil conservator 15T is less than 10 minutes, and the discharge system responds within 5S after receiving the information.
The invention is further configured to: the measuring device is including the shape for the cylindric survey buret of double-deck, survey the bottom of buret with the bottom in accident oil pool is connected, survey the buret and include outer pipe and inlayer pipe, outer pipe with a plurality of water conservancy diversion holes have all been seted up to inlayer pipe both, the inside of inlayer pipe is installed floater and lower floater respectively, the upper and lower both ends of surveying the buret are provided with respectively and are used for gathering go up the floater with the information reflection device of floater position information between them down.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, a plurality of water conservancy diversion holes have both been seted up to outer pipe and inlayer pipe for the liquid level and the volatility of undulant incident oil pool liquid of the intraductal liquid of measurement keep unanimous, make survey buret can reflect the situation in accident oil pool. The information reflection devices are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the measuring pipe, so that the height positions of the upper floating ball and the lower floating ball can be detected in real time, the water level and the oil level condition of the accident oil pool can be detected through the upper floating ball and the lower floating ball, and the information reflection devices are used for collecting, so that the accurate measurement of the water level and the oil level of the accident oil pool can be realized.
The invention is further configured to: the density of the lower floating ball is between the density of oil and the density of water, and the density of the upper floating ball is smaller than the density of oil.
By adopting the technical scheme, the density of the upper floating ball is 0.6, the density of the lower floating ball is 0.97, the water density is 1, and the oil density of the transformer is 0.81-0.93, so that the density of the upper floating ball is less than the density of the oil and less than the density of the lower floating ball is less than the water density, and the oil level and the water level of the accident oil pool are measured based on the density of the upper floating ball and the density of the oil and less than the density of the lower.
The invention is further configured to: the upper floating ball and the lower floating ball are both made of heat-resistant and flame-retardant materials.
By adopting the technical scheme, the upper floating ball and the lower floating ball are prevented from being heated and burning, so that oil in an accident oil pool is burnt, the recovery of the oil is failed, and the fire condition is further spread; meanwhile, the stability of the measuring device is improved.
The invention is further configured to: the drawing device is connected with an oil-water separation device, the oil-water separation device is connected with an oil storage tank and a water tank, and the water tank is connected with the water spraying device.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, oil water separator still is connected with the water tank, and the water tank is connected with water atomizer, and then realizes the cyclic utilization to the water, has improved the utilization ratio of water, has practiced thrift the water resource.
The invention is further configured to: the video monitoring device adopts infrared thermal images and optical lenses; the upper computer is connected with a display for displaying a real-time picture of the fire point.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when having the staff near the display screen for the staff can pass through the display and judge the condition of a fire in the central control room, thereby switches the system into manual operation, has improved the suitability of system.
A fire disaster reduction method for a transformer is applied to the fire disaster reduction system and comprises the following steps:
the video monitoring device carries out video monitoring on the transformer and randomly samples a lattice matrix of the surface position of the transformer in a Latin hypercube sampling mode;
carrying out fire behavior analysis on the random sampling information by a color segmentation method, an area variation method and a local texture feature method;
judging based on a convolutional neural network, and when the output is a fire, giving out an alarm sound by an alarm, and controlling a display to automatically play a real-time picture of a fire point by an upper computer;
the information collected by the heavy gas signal sensor, the oil level sensor and the smoke sensor and the random sampling information are fused into multi-dimensional information, a decision-making rough set model is adopted to calculate the conditional probability, and the fire condition is judged according to the conditional probability and divided into the following conditions:
s1, when the fire is judged to be a general fire, only starting a discharge device of the oil conservator;
s2, when the fire disaster is judged to be serious, the oil conservator discharging device and the body discharging device are started simultaneously;
s3, when the fire is judged to be suspected to be on fire, the alarm keeps the alarm sound, and the non-action button or the action button is manually clicked by manual review;
when the output signal of the upper computer is a serious fire disaster, the oil storage cabinet discharging device and the body discharging device act simultaneously to discharge oil of the oil storage cabinet and the oil tank of the transformer to the accident oil pool in an emergency;
when oil of a transformer is discharged into the emergency oil sump, the measuring device monitors the oil level and the water level of the emergency oil sump, wherein the oil surface height of the emergency oil sump is set to be H0, the flood discharge height is H, the water surface height is Hw, dx/dt is a differential, p.u is a per unit value, the measuring device performs sampling and calculation once every 60 seconds and sends acquired information to an upper computer, and the upper computer performs decision making according to the per unit value of the flow of the water spraying device, H0, Hw and (dH (o-w))/dt and controls the water spraying device and the extraction device to be opened and closed;
when the pumping device is opened, water and oil in the accident oil pool are both discharged to the oil-water separation device, the oil is separated to the oil storage tank through the oil-water separation device, and the water is recovered to the water tank;
when the transformer is on fire and the temperature is raised, the thermal expansion holes are opened to release the sodium bicarbonate solution into the coil, the sodium bicarbonate solution and the aluminum sulfate solution react in the coil to generate foam containing carbon dioxide, and the expansion holes are opened to spray the foam containing carbon dioxide onto the upper surface of the oil tank of the transformer.
By adopting the technical scheme, when the transformer needs emergency oil discharge, manual operation of operators is not needed, oil discharge operation on the transformer and the oil storage cabinet can be safely and reliably completed through the discharge system, safety of the system and the method is improved, through multidimensional information fusion analysis, the occurrence of misoperation of the fire extinguishing system is reduced, accuracy of the system and the method is improved, the system randomly samples the lattice matrix of the surface position of the transformer in a latin hypercube sampling mode, the defect that video monitoring of equipment is excessive in picture is overcome, special personnel do not need to be arranged to monitor video monitoring, waste of manpower resources is reduced, and when fire occurs, the system can timely make correct actions, and the system performs operations such as oil discharge and recovery.
The invention is further configured to: the method for controlling the water spraying device and the pulling device to be opened and closed by the upper computer specifically comprises the following steps:
s1 at
Figure BDA0002613431100000061
When the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
when H is present0When the water spray device is higher than 0.6H, the decision output is to close the water spray device and open the drawing device;
when the following conditions are met:
Figure BDA0002613431100000062
the flow rate of the water spray device is reduced to 0.5p.u, and the output is to close the extraction device;
when the following conditions are met:
Figure BDA0002613431100000071
and the flow rate of the water spraying device is 1p.u, and the extraction device is kept closed;
s2 at
Figure BDA0002613431100000072
When the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
when Hw is more than 0.5H, outputting to close the water spraying device and open the drawing device;
when Hw is more than 0.2H and less than or equal to 0.5H and the flow of the water spraying device is 1p.u, closing the extraction device;
when the discharge system is closed, the water spray device is closed and the extraction device is opened;
when Hw is H0When H is 0, the extraction device is turned off, the water spray device is turned on, and the flow rate of the water spray device is maintained at 0.3p.u until Hw is H0Closing the water spraying device when the water spraying device is 0.2H;
when the discharge system has no opening information in the nearest 3H, Hw is more than 0.2H, the pumping-out device is started; hw ═ H0When the speed is equal to 0.2H, the drawing device is closed; hw ═ H0< 0.2H, the water spray device is turned on and the flow rate of the water spray device is maintained at 0.1p.u, and until Hw ═ H0Closing the water spraying device when the water spraying device is 0.2H;
when the pumping device is opened, water and oil in the accident oil pool are discharged to the oil-water separation device, the oil is separated to the oil storage tank through the oil-water separation device, the water is recovered to the water tank, and the water in the water tank can be continuously supplied to the water spraying device through the water pump.
By adopting the technical scheme, the extinguishing of the ignition transformer oil is accelerated, the ignition transformer oil is prevented from spreading everywhere, and the transformer oil can be recovered in time to avoid environmental pollution.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. when the transformer needs emergency oil drainage, the oil drainage operation of the transformer and the oil conservator can be safely and reliably completed through the drainage system without manual operation of operators, so that the safety of the system and the method is improved, the occurrence of misoperation of the fire extinguishing system is reduced through multi-dimensional information fusion analysis, and the accuracy of the system and the method is improved;
2. through the accident oil pool system, the extinguishing of the ignition transformer oil is accelerated, the transformer oil is prevented from spreading everywhere, and the transformer oil can be recovered in time to avoid environmental pollution;
3. the system randomly samples the lattice matrix of the surface position of the transformer in a latin hypercube sampling mode, overcomes the defect of excessive video monitoring pictures of equipment, does not need to arrange special personnel to monitor video monitoring, reduces the waste of manpower resources, can timely make correct actions when a fire occurs, and performs operations such as oil discharge and recovery.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system topology diagram of the present embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of the emergency oil system of the present embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the connection of the body drain of the present embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the connection of the drain of the conservator according to the present embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an implementation block of the exhaust system of the present embodiment;
fig. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view of the coiled tubing of this embodiment.
Reference numerals: 1. a coil pipe; 11. expanding the hole; 2. a storage cone; 21. thermally expanding the hole; 31. an accident oil pool; 32. A measuring device; 33. a water spraying device; 34. a drawing-off device; 41. an oil-water separation device; 42. an oil storage tank; 43. a water tank; 51. an oil conservator drain; 52. a body drain.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention is a fire disaster reduction system for a transformer, comprising a transformer and an upper computer, wherein the upper computer is connected with a track-type rotatable video monitoring device by signals, the video monitoring device adopts infrared thermal imagery and optical lenses, and the video monitoring device is used for monitoring the transformer; the upper computer is respectively connected with a heavy gas signal sensor, an oil level sensor and a smoke sensor in a signal mode, the heavy gas signal sensor, the oil level sensor and the smoke sensor are arranged on the transformer, and the upper computer is connected with an alarm in a signal mode; the upper computer is in signal connection with a discharge system for discharging oil to the transformer; the top of the oil tank of the transformer is fixedly connected with a fire extinguishing device; the discharging system is connected with an accident oil system.
As shown in fig. 2, the emergency oil system includes an emergency oil pool 31, the emergency oil system has a measuring device 32 for measuring the water level and the oil level of the emergency oil pool 31, a water spraying device 33 is fixedly connected to the top of the emergency oil pool 31, a nozzle of the water spraying device 33 is vertically arranged downwards, and the nozzle of the water spraying device 33 is arranged to cover the emergency oil pool 31; the bottom of the accident oil pool 31 is fixedly connected with a pumping device 34, and the pumping device 34 is a water pump; the measuring device 32, the water spraying device 33 and the drawing device 34 are in signal connection with an upper computer; the oil-water separator 41 is connected to the pumping device 34 via a pipeline, and the oil-water separator 41 is connected to the oil storage tank 42 via a pipeline.
As shown in fig. 3 to 4, the drainage system includes a body drainage device 52 and a conservator drainage device 51, the body drainage device 52 is connected between the connection of the oil return pipe of the transformer and the cooler, and the conservator drainage device 51 is connected between the connection of the conservator and the buchholz relay. As shown in fig. 5, both the body discharge device 52 and the oil conservator discharge device 51 comprise an anti-explosion and fire-resistant housing, the anti-explosion and fire-resistant housing is provided with a transmission hole, and the transmission hole is filled with ABS engineering plastics; the anti-explosion fire-resistant shell is internally provided with an electric valve, an electric pump, a communication chip, an operation chip and a 5G antenna, the communication chip is connected with an upper computer through the 5G antenna, the communication chip transmits a signal of the upper computer to the operation chip, and the operation chip controls the electric pump and the electric valve; and a storage battery for supplying power is also arranged in the anti-explosion fire-resistant shell, and the storage battery is electrically connected with the electric valve, the electric pump, the communication chip and the operation chip respectively.
As shown in fig. 6, the fire extinguishing apparatus includes a coil 1 fixedly connected to the top of the transformer, an aluminum sulfate solution is placed on the inner bottom wall of the coil 1, and a plurality of expansion holes 11 are formed on the lower end surface of the coil 1; the interior roof of coil pipe 1 is fixed with the storage awl 2 of a plurality of cavity settings, and the shape of storing awl 2 is the triangular cone, and the inside of storing awl 2 has the sodium bicarbonate solution, and each is stored awl 2 and all sets up the thermal expansion hole 21 of vertical downward setting.
The measuring device 32 comprises a measuring pipe in a double-layer cylindrical shape, the measuring pipe is vertically arranged in the accident oil pool 31, and the bottom of the measuring pipe is fixedly connected with the bottom of the accident oil pool 31; the measuring tube comprises an outer layer tube and an inner layer tube, a plurality of flow guide holes are formed in the side walls of the outer layer tube and the inner layer tube, an upper floating ball and a lower floating ball are respectively mounted inside the inner layer tube, the upper floating ball and the lower floating ball are both made of heat-resistant and flame-retardant materials, the density of the upper floating ball is 0.6, the density of the lower floating ball is 0.97, the density of the lower floating ball is between the water density and the oil density, and the density of the upper floating ball is smaller than that of the oil; and the upper end and the lower end of the measuring pipe are respectively provided with an information reflection device for collecting the position information of the upper floating ball and the lower floating ball.
The oil-water separation device 41 is further connected with a water tank 43 through a pipeline, the water tank 43 is connected with the water spraying device 33 through a pipeline, and a water pump for providing power is installed between the water tank 43 and the water spraying device 33. The upper computer is in signal connection with a display for displaying a real-time picture of a fire point. The signal connection transmits information in a 5G network mode.
A fire disaster reduction method for a transformer is applied to a fire disaster pressure reduction system and comprises the following steps:
the video monitoring device carries out video monitoring on the transformer and randomly samples a lattice matrix of the surface position of the transformer in a Latin hypercube sampling mode;
carrying out fire behavior analysis on the random sampling information by a color segmentation method, an area variation method and a local texture feature method;
judging based on a convolutional neural network, namely identifying color, geometric and texture characteristics on a convolutional layer, training by adopting a googlenet inception V3 model, and performing deep learning until the system misjudgment rate is lower than 2%, when a fire is judged, an alarm gives out alarm sound, and an upper computer controls a display to automatically play a real-time picture of a fire point;
information collected by a heavy gas signal sensor, an oil level sensor and a smoke sensor and random sampling information are fused into multi-dimensional information, and a decision-making rough set model is adopted to calculate the conditional probability Pr (X | [ X ])]RThe calculation process is:
definition 1: a decision information system S is a quadruple: s ═<U,R,V,f>. Wherein U is an object set, also called a domain; r ═ C @ D is the set of attributes, subsets C, D are the conditional attributes and decision attributes respectively,
Figure BDA0002613431100000113
v is a set of attribute sets; f: UxR → V is an information function that specifies the set of attributes for each object x in U;
definition 2: given information decision system S ═<U,R,V,f>For each subset
Figure BDA0002613431100000114
And an unknown relationship B, wherein the upper and lower approximations of X are defined as follows:
Figure BDA0002613431100000111
Figure BDA0002613431100000112
b- (X) is an upper approximation, and B- (X) is a lower approximation;
definition 3: u is a domain of discourse, and pos (X) ═ B- (X) is a positive domain of X; the set bnd (X) ═ B- (X) -B- (X) is the boundary domain of X; the set neg (X) ═ U-B- (X) is the negative domain of X, and in the DTRS model, the decision process is expressed using two state sets and 3 action sets. State set
Figure BDA0002613431100000115
Respectively, representing events belonging to X and not belonging to X. Action set A ═ aP,aN,aBJudging that the current object x belongs to three actions of POS (X), NEG (X), BND (X) respectively. By λPP,λBP,λNPRespectively, when X belongs to X, taking action aP,aB,aNLoss of (d); by λPN,λBN,λNNRespectively indicate that action a is taken when X does not belong to XP,aB,aNIs lost. According to a minimum risk Bayes decision method, adopting aP,aB,aNThe expected risk of each of the three actions is, wherein [ x]RCharacterization expressed in terms of equivalence classes:
Figure BDA0002613431100000118
Figure BDA0002613431100000117
Figure BDA0002613431100000116
from the minimum-risk bayes decision, the following rule can be derived:
(P) if R (a)P|[x]R)≤R(aB|[x]R) And R (a)P|[x]R)≤R(aN|[x]R) Then x ∈ POS (X)
(B) If R (a)B|[x]R)≤R(aP|[x]R) And R (a)B|[x]R)≤R(aN|[x]R) Then x ∈ BND (X)
(N) if R (a)N|[x]R)≤R(aP|[x]R) And R (a)N|[x]R)≤R(aB|[x]R) Then x ∈ NEG (X)
According to
Figure BDA0002613431100000122
Simultaneous wrong decision loss value>Loss value of decision to be classified>Correct decision loss value, λPP≤λBP＜λNP，λNN≤λBN＜λPNAnd introducing threshold values alpha, beta and gamma, wherein the threshold values comprise:
(P1) if P (X | [ X ]]R) Not less than gamma and P (X | [ X ]]R) ≧ alpha, then x ∈ POS (X)
(B1) If P (X | [ X ]]R) Beta or more and P (X | [ X ]]R) Alpha is less than or equal to x is equal to BND (X)
(N1) if P (X | [ X ]]R) Beta is less than or equal to P (X | [ X ]]R) Gamma, then x ∈ NEG (X)
Then there are:
Figure BDA0002613431100000121
from (P1), (B1), (N1):
0≤β＜γ＜α≤1。
using the threshold, then there are:
(P2) if Pr (X | [ X ]]R) ≧ alpha, then x ∈ POS (X)
(B2) If beta < Pr (X | [ X ]]R) < alpha, then x ∈ BND (X)
(N2) if Pr (X | [ X ]]R) Beta is less than or equal to, x is equal to NEG (X)
The algorithm comprises the following steps:
the decision information system S of the exhaust system is a quadruple: s ═<U,R,V,f>. Wherein U is the multidimension degree information set of current transformer, and C is the multidimension degree information characteristic set vector set of transformer, and D is the state characteristic of transformer, and D ═ 0, 1}, 1 represents that the transformer catches fire, and 0 represents that the transformer is normal. Using action set A ═ aP,aN,aBAnd judging whether the transformer is on fire, suspected to be on fire and normal respectively. By λPP,λBP,λNPRespectively indicate that action a is taken when the transformer is on fireP,aB,aNLoss of (d); by λPN,λBN,λNNRespectively indicating that action a is taken when the transformer is normalP,aB,aNIs lost. The thresholds α and β are calculated by equation (6), and the transformer is classified as on fire, suspected on fire, and normal according to (P2), (B2), (N2).
Inputting: u, CUD, V, f > and a motion loss factor λPP,λBP,λNP，λPN,λBN,λNN；
And (3) outputting: evaluating the current ignition state of the transformer;
step1, carrying out completion and discretization on the multi-dimensional information of the transformer; the initial ignition, suspected and normal are
Figure BDA0002613431100000131
Step 2: calculating threshold values alpha and beta according to a formula (7);
step 3: calculating conditional probability Pr (X | [ X ]]R|；
Step 4: comparison Pr (X | [ X ]]RThe magnitude relationship of | α, β. Classifying transformer states into fire, suspected and normal sets according to rules (P2), (B2) and (N2);
when alpha is less than or equal to Pr (X | [ X ]]R) If < (1-2 alpha)/3, it is judged as a general fire, and only the discharge device 51 of the oil conservator is opened;
when (1-2 alpha)/3 is not more than Pr (X | [ X ]]R) When the fire is less than or equal to 1, judging the fire is serious, and simultaneously starting a discharge device 51 and a body discharge device 52 of the oil conservator;
when the fire is judged to be suspected to be on fire, the alarm keeps the alarm sound, the alarm is manually rechecked, and the non-action button or the action button is manually clicked;
when the output signal of the upper computer is a serious fire, the oil storage cabinet discharging device 51 and the body discharging device 52 act simultaneously to discharge the oil of the oil storage cabinet and the oil tank of the transformer to the accident oil pool 31 in an emergency;
when the oil of the transformer is discharged into the emergency oil sump 31, the measuring device 32 monitors the oil level and the water level of the emergency oil sump 31, wherein the oil level height of the emergency oil sump 31 is set to H0, the flood discharge height is H, the water level height is Hw, dx/dt is a differential, p.u is a per unit value, the measuring device 32 performs sampling and calculation once every 60 seconds and transmits a signal to an upper computer, and a decision is made through the per unit values of the flow of the water spray device 33, H0, Hw, and (dH _ (o-w))/dt in the following manner:
s1 at
Figure BDA0002613431100000141
When the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
when H is present0When the water spray device 33 is closed, the extraction device 34 is started;
when the following conditions are met:
Figure BDA0002613431100000142
the flow rate of the water spray device 33 is reduced to 0.5p.u, the output being the shut-off of the extraction device 34;
when the following conditions are met:
Figure BDA0002613431100000143
and the flow rate of the water spraying device 33 is 1p.u, the extraction device 34 is kept closed.
S2 at
Figure BDA0002613431100000144
When the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
when Hw is more than 0.5H, the output is to close the water spraying device 33 and open the drawing device 34;
when Hw is more than 0.2H and less than or equal to 0.5H and the flow of the water spraying device 33 is 1p.u, closing the extraction device 34;
when the discharge system is closed, the output is to turn off the water spray device 33, turn on the extraction device 34;
when Hw is H0When 0, the extraction device 34 is turned off, the water spray device 33 is turned on, and the flow rate of the water spray device 33 is maintained at 0.3p.u until Hw is H0The water spray device 33 is turned off at 0.2H.
When the exhaust system has no opening information in the nearest 3H, Hw is more than 0.2H, the pumping-out device 34 is started; hw ═ H0When 0.2H, the extraction device 34 is turned off; hw ═ H0< 0.2H, the water spray device 33 is turned on and the flow rate of the water spray device 33 is maintained at 0.1p.u, and until Hw ═ H0Turning off the water spray device 33 when 0.2H;
when the pumping device 34 is turned on, the water and oil in the accident oil pool 31 are both discharged to the oil-water separator 41, the oil-water separator 41 separates the oil into the oil storage tank 42, the water is recovered to the water tank 43, and the water in the water tank 43 can still be continuously supplied to the water sprayer 33 through the water pump.

Claims (9)

1. A fire disaster reduction system for a transformer is characterized by comprising an upper computer, a video monitoring device, a heavy gas signal sensor, an oil level sensor, a smoke detector, an alarm, a fire extinguishing device, a discharge system and an accident oil system; the upper computer is connected with the video monitoring device for acquiring the environmental information of the transformer, the upper computer is respectively connected with the heavy gas signal inductor for inducing heavy gas of the transformer, the oil level inductor for inducing the oil level of the transformer and the smoke sensor for inducing smoke of the transformer, the upper computer is connected with the discharge system for emergently discharging oil from the transformer, and the upper computer outputs a decision to the discharge system and controls the on-off of the discharge system on the basis of the information acquired by the video monitoring device, the heavy gas signal inductor, the oil level inductor and the smoke sensor; the fire extinguishing device is arranged at the top of an oil tank of the transformer;
the upper computer is connected with an accident oil system used for processing accident oil discharged by the discharge system, and the accident oil system is matched with the discharge system; the emergency oil system comprises an emergency oil pool (31) for receiving emergency oil discharged from the transformer, the emergency oil system is provided with a measuring device (32) for measuring the water level and the oil level of the emergency oil pool (31), the emergency oil pool (31) is provided with a water spraying device (33), the bottom of the emergency oil pool (31) is provided with a pumping-out device (34), and the measuring device (32), the water spraying device (33) and the pumping-out device (34) are all connected with the upper computer;
the fire extinguishing device comprises a coil pipe (1) arranged at the top of a transformer oil tank, an aluminum sulfate solution is placed in the coil pipe (1), and a plurality of expansion holes (11) are formed in the lower end face of the coil pipe (1); the inner wall of coil pipe (1) is provided with a plurality of storage awl (2), it is provided with sodium bicarbonate solution to store awl (2), each store awl (2) and seted up thermal expansion hole (21).
2. The fire disaster reduction system for transformer according to claim 1, wherein the discharging system comprises a body discharging device (52) and a conservator discharging device (51), both the body discharging device (52) and the conservator discharging device (51) comprise an anti-explosion and fire-resistant housing, the anti-explosion and fire-resistant housing is opened with a transmission hole, and the transmission hole is filled with ABS engineering plastics; the anti-explosion fireproof shell is characterized in that an electric valve, an electric pump, a communication chip, an operation chip, a 5G antenna and a storage battery are arranged inside the anti-explosion fireproof shell, the communication chip is connected with the upper computer through the 5G antenna, the communication chip transmits signals of the upper computer to the operation chip, the operation chip controls the electric pump and the electric valve to be opened and closed, and the storage battery supplies power to the electric valve, the electric pump, the communication chip, the operation chip and the 5G antenna respectively.
3. The fire disaster reduction system for the transformer according to claim 1, wherein the measuring device (32) comprises a measuring tube in the shape of a double-layer cylinder, the bottom of the measuring tube is connected with the bottom of the emergency oil pool (31), the measuring tube comprises an outer layer tube and an inner layer tube, both the outer layer tube and the inner layer tube are provided with a plurality of flow guiding holes, an upper floating ball and a lower floating ball are respectively installed inside the inner layer tube, and information reflecting devices for collecting position information of both the upper floating ball and the lower floating ball are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the measuring tube.
4. The fire disaster reduction system for the transformer according to claim 3, wherein the lower floating ball has a density between oil and water density, and the upper floating ball has a density less than that of oil.
5. The fire disaster reduction system for the transformer according to claim 3, wherein both the upper floating ball and the lower floating ball are made of a heat-resistant and flame-retardant material.
6. The fire disaster reduction system for transformer according to claim 3, wherein the oil-water separation device (41) is connected to the pumping-out device (34), an oil storage tank (42) and a water tank (43) are connected to the oil-water separation device (41), and the water tank (43) is connected to the water spraying device (33).
7. The fire disaster reduction system for the transformer according to claim 1, wherein the video monitoring device employs an infrared thermography, optical integrated dual lens; the upper computer is connected with a display for displaying a real-time picture of the fire point.
8. A fire disaster reduction method for a transformer, which is applied to the fire disaster reduction system of claim 6, comprising the steps of:
the video monitoring device carries out video monitoring on the transformer and randomly samples a lattice matrix of the surface position of the transformer in a Latin hypercube sampling mode;
carrying out fire behavior analysis on the random sampling information by a color segmentation method, an area variation method and a local texture feature method;
judging based on a convolutional neural network, and when the output is a fire, giving out an alarm sound by an alarm, and controlling a display to automatically play a real-time picture of a fire point by an upper computer;
meanwhile, information collected by the heavy gas signal sensor, the oil level sensor and the smoke sensor and random sampling information are fused into multi-dimensional information, a decision-making rough set model is adopted to calculate conditional probability, and the fire condition is judged according to the conditional probability and divided into the following conditions:
s1, when the fire is judged to be a general fire, only opening the drain device (51) of the oil conservator;
s2, when the fire disaster is judged to be serious, the drain device (51) of the oil conservator and the drain device (52) of the body are opened at the same time;
s3, when the fire is judged to be suspected to be on fire, the alarm keeps the alarm sound, and the non-action button or the action button is manually clicked by manual review;
when the output signal of the upper computer is a serious fire, the oil storage cabinet discharging device (51) and the body discharging device (52) act simultaneously to discharge oil of the oil storage cabinet and the oil tank of the transformer to the accident oil pool (31) in an emergency;
when oil of the transformer is dischargedWhen entering the accident oil pool (31), the measuring device (32) monitors the oil level and the water level of the accident oil pool (31), wherein the height of the oil level of the accident oil pool (31) is set to be H0 The flood discharge height is H, the water surface height is Hw, dx/dt is differential, p.u is per unit value, the measuring device (32) performs sampling and calculation once every 60 seconds and sends acquired information to an upper computer, and the upper computer performs per unit value of flow and H of the water spraying device (33)0 Hw and (dH _ (o-w))/dt, and controlling the opening and closing of the water spraying device (33) and the extraction device (34);
when the pumping device (34) is opened, water and oil in the accident oil pool (31) are discharged to the oil-water separation device (41), the oil is separated to an oil storage tank (42) through the oil-water separation device (41), and the water is recovered to a water tank (43);
when the transformer is ignited and the temperature is raised, the thermal expansion holes (21) are opened to release sodium bicarbonate solution into the coil (1), the sodium bicarbonate solution and aluminum sulfate solution react in the coil (1) to generate foam containing carbon dioxide, the expansion holes (11) are opened to spray the foam containing carbon dioxide to the upper surface of the oil tank of the transformer.
9. The fire disaster reduction method for the transformer according to claim 8, wherein the method for controlling the water spraying device and the extraction device to be turned on and off by the upper computer is specifically as follows:
s1 at
Figure FDA0003038733210000041
When the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
when H is present0When the water spray device (33) is turned off and the extraction device (34) is turned on, the decision output is that the water spray device (33) is turned off when the water spray device is more than 0.6H;
when the following conditions are met:
Figure FDA0003038733210000042
-the flow rate of the water spraying device (33) is reduced to 0.5p.u, with the output as closing the extraction device (34);
when the following conditions are met:
Figure FDA0003038733210000043
and the flow rate of the water spraying device (33) is 1p.u, maintaining the extraction device (34) closed;
s2 at
Figure FDA0003038733210000044
When the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
when Hw is more than 0.5H, the output is to close the water spraying device (33) and open the extraction device (34);
when Hw is more than 0.2H and less than or equal to 0.5H and the flow of the water spraying device (33) is 1p.u, closing the extracting device (34);
when the discharge system is closed, the output is to turn off the water spraying device (33), turn on the extraction device (34);
when Hw is H0 When the flow rate of the water spray device (33) is maintained at 0.3p.u, the drawing-off device (34) is closed, the water spray device (33) is opened, and Hw is equal to H0 -turning off the water spraying device (33) at 0.2H;
when the exhaust system has no opening information in the nearest 3H, Hw is more than 0.2H, the pumping-out device (34) is started; hw ═ H0 -closing said extraction device (34) at 0.2H; hw ═ H0 < 0.2H, the water spray device (33) is turned on and the flow rate of the water spray device (33) is maintained at 0.1p.u, and until Hw ═ H0 -turning off the water spraying device (33) at 0.2H;
when the pumping device (34) is started, water and oil in the accident oil pool (31) are discharged to the oil-water separation device (41), the oil is separated to the oil storage tank (42) through the oil-water separation device (41), the water is recovered to the water tank (43), and the water in the water tank (43) can still be continuously supplied to the water spraying device (33) through the water pump.
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IT1245274B (en) * 1991-04-09 1994-09-13 Enea METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE FIRE EXTINGUISHING WITH PRESSURE FLAMES, IN PARTICULAR FROM PETROLEUM WELLS AND SIMILAR
CN102728016A (en) * 2011-03-31 2012-10-17 施杰 Oil-discharge nitrogen-injection fire extinguishing system
CN104667459A (en) * 2015-03-17 2015-06-03 国家电网公司 Sub-regional protection type substation fire fighting monitoring and early warning and fire fighting system
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