CA2053292A1 - Rescue appliance for lowering persons from or out of buildings - Google Patents
Rescue appliance for lowering persons from or out of buildingsInfo
- Publication number
- CA2053292A1 CA2053292A1 CA 2053292 CA2053292A CA2053292A1 CA 2053292 A1 CA2053292 A1 CA 2053292A1 CA 2053292 CA2053292 CA 2053292 CA 2053292 A CA2053292 A CA 2053292A CA 2053292 A1 CA2053292 A1 CA 2053292A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- rope
- abutment
- appliance according
- clamping ring
- rope pulley
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B1/00—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like
- A62B1/06—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like by making use of rope-lowering devices
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Emergency Lowering Means (AREA)
- Pulleys (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Rescue appliance for lowering persons from or out of buildings, with a frame (2), in which as single functionally effective constructional element, there is provided a rope pulley (5), over which a rope (5) runs in a groovelike guide with a looping angle of less than 360°. The width of which guide reduces conically towards the base of the guide at an angle causing self-locking, to a dimension which corresponds to only a fraction of the thickness of the rope (8). The rope pulley (5) co-operates with a stationary clamping gear in such a manner that a rotation of the rope pulley (5) is possible in the one direction of rotation, thereagainst is prevented in the other direction of rotation independently of the tension force, thus independently of the weight of the person concerned.
Rescue appliance for lowering persons from or out of buildings, with a frame (2), in which as single functionally effective constructional element, there is provided a rope pulley (5), over which a rope (5) runs in a groovelike guide with a looping angle of less than 360°. The width of which guide reduces conically towards the base of the guide at an angle causing self-locking, to a dimension which corresponds to only a fraction of the thickness of the rope (8). The rope pulley (5) co-operates with a stationary clamping gear in such a manner that a rotation of the rope pulley (5) is possible in the one direction of rotation, thereagainst is prevented in the other direction of rotation independently of the tension force, thus independently of the weight of the person concerned.
Description
Wo 90/12620 PCl`/NO90/00068 . .-Rescue appliance for lo~ering persons from or out of buildings State of the art .
The present invention concerns an appliance according to the - -classifying clause of the claim 1. An appliance of that kind is shown ;~
~nd described in ~he US-A 659 093. .:
The Dreviously known rescue aDpliance similar to a pulley blGck ~-cisolays, apart from a movable roDe pulley borne to be rotatable on ~n axle in a frame !block), wo further movable Darts, and namely for -~ne thing a pawl to be actuated by gravity for a ratchet wheel firmly connected with the rope pulley and fGr the other thing a pivotable sus~ension, constructed as lever, with a ~rolongation which in the state of use Ot the aPoliance shall exert an approoriate contact pressure on the rope for the production of a certain friction between rooe and :~
rooe pulley or prolongation.
The use of so many movable parts can not be accepted because of the ris'~s resulting herefrom just in the case of such a rescue appliance, for examDle in consequence of rusting solid of the one or other movable part at the frame. For the remainder, a sliding friction between rope and rope pulley or between rope and prolongation will be given in this apDliance to the maximum possible extent also only when a sufficient force directed away from the roDe pulley is exerted on both rope ends.
Should a person lowering himself or herself ~y this appliance from or out of a building or part of a building, for any reason whatever, omit firmly to grasp the other free rooe end for the purpose of the regulation of the downward speed (see US-A 659 093, page 1, column 2, lines 101 to 103), the downward movement of the person concerned towards the ground will accelerate unreduced. :~-A furthe~ disadvantage of the previously known apoliance consists in ~hat it c~n, ~ecause of .he loc!<ing ge2r used there with a pawl ;;
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W O 90/12~20 PCT/NO90/00068 ; ~ 2 actuated through gravity, be used aDpro~riately for the Purpose only in a certain orientation relative to the ground. A reversed fastening or also only an horizontal fastening at any building parts lying outside or inside would already make a locking of the rope pulley against rotat-ion uncertain or imDossible in the one direction and thereby make the appliance practically unusable.
For the remainder, the appliance displays no constrained guidance for the rope around the rope pulley so that the one or other rope end -can in a given case in emergency get "tangled" at parts of the building, which likewise causes at least an impairment of the purpose of use.
- Independently thereof, also the looping angle of the rope around the rùpe pulley in this known appliance is too small, in vie~ of the in any case only small, maximum attainable friction of the rope at parts of the rope pulley or the prolongation, in order in all feasible and ~ -envisaged cases of application to offer real help for a rescue appliance of that kind.
Furthermore, the SE-B 452 951 shows a rescue appliance similar to a pulley block for the lowering of persons from or out of buildings, in particular for the escape in the case of risk to life due to fire.
The statements in this printed specification are however not suitable to provide an expert coming into question with a Performable~ unambigu-ous and complete teaching for technical action; this printed specific-ation is rather to be considered as setting the problem, for the solut-ion of which appreciable inventive endeavours are required.
Problem '' ' By the Present invention, a rescue appliance of the initially named species shall be simplified and be made more secure in the manner ~ : of function and be of enlarged possible range of application.
Solution ~ ~ .
For the solution of the named problem, the features named in the .
characterising part of the claim 1 are proposed for improvement of the appliance according to the species.
. . .
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2~S329~
WO 90/12620 PCl`/NO90/00068 Advantages ,",.
The rescue appliance according to the invention distinguishes itself thereby, that it has or needs to have no movable parts apart ; ;
from the rooe pulley and the rope, that it is constructionally simple and manufacturable cheaply, that it is fully capable of function not only in about vertical direction, but also in any feasible direction of action of force - thus for example also in the case of mounting or susDension at a radiator situated in the proximity of a window and deflection of both the rope ends through about 180 around for examPle a window breast - and that it is capable of exerting a friction and thereby retainins force, which is substantially greater in relation to the resDective tension force, on the cable in particular, and namely ;
particularly also when only the one end provided with the carrying means is pulled.
Another solution, which is an alternative in terms of the con- ~
structional elements used, of the named problem is indicated in claim ~ -2.
The claims 3 and 4 concern preferred arrangements and dimensions of constructional elements of the appliance according to claim 1 or 2.
In order in view of the locking gear used in conjunction with the invention to enable a rolling of a surface along on another surface, the corresponding surface regions can each display constant curvature, such as is the case for cylindrical surfaces to be made relatively simply, for example through drilling or turning. With a view to a further improved manner of function on the one hand and highest possible loading capacity of the appliance with relatively small dimensions -on the other hand, a solution according to claim 5 can however be ex- ;-pedient, in which at least the first abutment displays a surface region ~ ~
of varying curvature. This proposal according to claim 6 applies in , appropriate sense also for a correspondirg refinement of the second abutment.
First and second abutments, which are particularly effective and simple to manufacture, are indicated in the claims 7 to 9. A construct- ~
ional detail, which offers advantages particularly in the production o ~ -..~, ....
:.
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` 4 of the frame for the apPliance from two plates which are arranged each ;
parallelly and opposite to the other, is Droposed by the appliance according to claim 10.
With a view to the constructional refinement of the frame for the appliance, a solution according to claim 11 is of advantage with a view to simDlicity and effectiveness.
In order to achieve the best possible effect of the appliance in view of the rope qualities that are strongly deformable in cross-section and commercially available and coming into question for the apDliance according to the invention, the guidance for the cable is preferably carried out according to claim 12.
Claim 13 names an expedient combination of materials for rope pulley and rope. In order that in the case of possible damage, in particular through fire, of the rope consisting of synthetic material, an adequate function of the aDpliance nevertheless remains maintained, the rope corresponding to the proposal according to claim 14 disDlays a core of metal. This core can preferably be executed as - thinner -steel rope or aluminium roDe which is surrounded by the remaining parts of the rope consisting of synthetic material.
A preferred further refinement of an appliance according to the invention is according to claim 15 characterised thereby, that deflect-ing means are provided for the one and/or the other rope end on that side of the frame and the rope pulley, which lies opposite the fasten-ing means or the susPension~ for the constrained guidance of the rope and for securing a minimum looping angle of the rope around the rope ~-pulley. The sliding ~riction attainable between rope and rope pulley when the rope pulley is arrested can thus be structured optimally with the aid of these deflecting means under con,ideration of the choice of certain materials for rope and rope pulley.
The appliance can be developed according to claim 16 for the further (constrained) guidance of the rope over the looping angle along - the circumference of the rope pulley.
To obtain the most favourable possible force conditions with a view to the locking to be achieved of the clamping ring against the rotational movement in the one direction, the second abutment for the clamping ring is Dreferably arranged in an angular range of the angle ~-of about 45 to about 135 relative to the direction of action of , . . . ;. . , . .. :
O 90~126~0 P~/NO90/01)0~i8 2~5329~2 .
the force and referred to the centre or to the geometric axis of the ;
concerned surface region of the first abutment. This proposal indicated by claim 17 applies appropriately of course also to the alternative appliance according to claim 2.
An appliance can be developed in correspondence with the features -~
of the claim 18 for the simultaneous use of an appliance according to the invention by two persons.
Claim 19 names a particularly simple and effective solution which is favourable in costs with a view to the manufacture. -Further possible constructional refinements are indicated in the claims 20 to 23.
In order that the envisaged mode of operation, which differs ad-vantageously from the state of the art, of the appliance according to the invention is assured to the full extent in all circumstances, the conditions indicated in claim 24 for the arrangement of the second abutment are adhered to moreover in - in the case of additional con-sideration of the feature according to claim 3, further - restriction of the feature (m) according to claim 1 for the dimensioning and arrange-ment of first and second abutments as well as outer and inner supporting surfaces of the clamping ring. This aDplies according to claim 25 of course also to the alternative appliance construction according to claim 2.
According to the invention explained sù far, it is self-evident that a frictional resistance sufficient for the locking of the clamping riny exists between the effective surfaces, which in a given case come into contact one with the other, of clamping ring and first and second abutment. This frictional resistance can be chosen within relatively wide limits through appropriate choice of the co-efficients of friction ~ -of the materials used for these constructional elements. Belonging l~
in the scope of these considerations is also the possibility of execut- -ing the outer support surface, lying on a circular arc, of the clamp-ing ring to be more or less toothed or also in the shape of wavy lines, as indicated by claim 27. The solution according to claim 6 is how-ever preferred, according to which the outer supoort surface of either ; --the clamping ring or of the clamping disc is executed in cylindrical -shape.
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W O 90/126~0 PCT/NO90/0006X
` 6 ExDlanation of the invention_by examples of embod1m The appliance according to the invention and i~s manner of function are explained more closely in the following by reference to the Figures 1 to 15 of the drawing.
There show Figure 1 a schematic illustration of an embodiment of an appliance -according to the invention in the front vie~ with re-moved plate, facing the observer, of the appliance frame built up of two plates arranged each parallelly to the other, Figure 2 a side elevation of the appliance according to Figure 1, . :'.
Figure 3 a section through the appliance according to the Figures -1 and 2 along the section line III-III in Figure 1, Figure 4 in plan view, a cassette, fastened in the window soffit, ~
for the appliance according to the Figures 1 to 39 .
Figure 5 in the rear view, the cassette according to Figure 4 with the lid taken off, Figure 6 in schematic illustration, a practical case of applicat-ion, Figure 7 a graphical illustration of the given possibilities of the mounting and dimensioning of essential construct-ional elemen~s of an appliance according to the Figures 1 to 3, Figure ~ a simplified graphical illustration for explanation of the effect utilised by the invention, Figure 9 in schematic illustration, an alternative construction of an appliance according to the invention restricted to the essential constructional elements and in the front elevation according to section line IX in Fig.
1 0 j Figure 10 the construction according to Figure 9 in the side elevation in section along the section line X-X in .
Figure 9, Figure 11 in sectional side elevation, another possible embodi-ment of an appliance according to the invention, ~
~,.
WO 90/12620 PCr/NO~)0/00068 21~53~9~
Figure 12 in front elevation, a further constructional refine-ment of an appliance according to the invention, :
Figure 13 in sectional side elevation, the aDpliance according - .
to Figure 12 along section line XIII-XIII in Figure . ~:
12 and Figures 14 and 15 to enlarged scale resPectively in the front elevation and in sectional side elevation in section along section line XV-X~ in Figure 14, a rope pulley of an appliance according to the invention with illustration of the essential effective forces.
The Figures 1 to 3 show a rescue appliance 1 according to the invention and consisting substantially of a frame 2 with side plates 3 and 4, a rope pulley 5, a first abutment 6, a second abutment 7, ~ . .
a rope 8 running over the rope pulley 5 with carrying means 10 fasten- .
ed at the rope end 9 for a person 11 (see also Figures 4 and 5) and .
a fastening means engaging at the frame 2 or a suspension 12. The suspension 12 displays bores 13, 14 and 15 for fastening of the suspens~
ion 12 with the remaining part of the device 1 by means of screws, .:
for example to a window soffit 16. The rope 8 runs through the guide 19, formed by guide surfaces 17 and 18, of the rope pulley 5 and is ~-deflected in the state of use into about the direction illustrated . ~-in the drawing by deflecting means at the lower end of the frame 2;
in the case of the embodiment according to the Figures 1 to 3, these ~ `~deflecting means are constructed as pins 20 and 21. For the remainder, ; ~-the second abutment 7 likewise constructed in the form of a pin serves the further constrained guidance, apart from that also prescribed by the pins 20 and 21, ~f the rope 8 around the rope pulley 5.
Apart from a certain upper region of the suspension 12, the device 1 - thus fra~e 2 with rope pulley 5 as well as rope 8 wi~h carrying means 10 - is disposed in a trough-like container 22, which :is closed off by a lid 23 on its rear side, thus the side facing the window soffit 16. The lid 23 at the lower end displays a handle 24, with:the aid of which the lid can be pulled away from the container 22 downwardly through at least a certain amount and an opening in the upper region of the container 22 can be freed thereby so that this, in a given case together with the lid 23, and the rope inclusive of carrying means 10 still disposed in the container 22 can be taken .;~
W o 90/12620 PCT/~09~/00068 . ~ .
9~ ' off from the concerned fastening point at the window soffit 16. The carrying means 10 fastened at the roDe end 9 is situated near to the frame 2 on removal of the container 22 from the fastening point so that the carrying means 13 is drawn out of the container Z2 through -removal of the container 22 from the fastening point and thus lies free for use. The container 22 with the predominant part of the rope 8 still disposed therein,th~s the other free rope end denoted by 25, is in case of need thrown onto the ground (see Figure 5) so that the free rope end 25 reaches from the fastening point to the ground 26.
The length of the rope 8 is in that case expediently dimensioned to be altogether at least twice as great as the soacing between fasten-ing point and ground.
The carrying means 10, preferably constructed as loop, is laid in case of need around the chest directly below the shoulders or arms in such a manner that the rope end 9 adjoining thereat is situated on the front side of the person 11. A rope piece, which at one end ~-~
is firmly connected with the mentioned loop at the end remote from the fastening point of the carrying means 10 at the rope 8 and at the other end dis?lays a spring safety hook for the fastening of this end i;
of the relatively short rope piece to an eyelet situated in the region ~
of the fastening point of carrying means and rope 9, serves for the ~ ;
improvement and enlargement of the function.
The free rope end 20 is expediently gripped by the person concern- ;
ed during the lowering from or out of the building or structure con-cerned so that the lowering speed can, if desired, be reduced further hereby.
In consequence of the arrangement and dimensioning, still explain- ;
ed in detail further below in relation to Figure 7, of rope pulley 5 acting as clamping ring, first abutment 6 and second abutment 7 for the rope pulley 5 as well as their position relative to the connecting line between running-out rope end 9 and the bearing locat-ion of the suspension 12, namely the bearing pin 27, a clamping between the rope pulley 5 and the abutments 6 and 7 and thereby a locking of the rope pulley against rotation sets in at the latest on, even if only smallest pull at the rope end 9. With increasing tension force S1 at the rope end 9, the forces (see Figure 8), which cause a clamping of the rope Dulley, which for this purpose also acts at " ". , . , . ,......................... , , ::
, ~
, .................................. :"
wo 90/12b20 P~l`/NO90/00068 g 2~53~
the same time as clamping ring, between the abutments 6 and 7 will a1so be enhanced correspondingly and continue to securely prevent the given locking of the roDe pul1ey 5 against rotation.
In that case, the rope 8 "draws" more deeply into the guide 19, formed by the guide surfaces 17 and 18, of the rope Dulley 5 so that, in correspondence with the then increasing contact pressure of the rope 8 on the guide surfaces 17 and 18, also the frictional resistance against sliding of the rope 8 through the guide 19 of the locked rope pulley 5 increases in direction of the movement of the rope according to arrow 28. The ang1e inc1uded by the guide surfaces 17 and 18 of the guide 19 is in every case an acute angle. Hereby, relatively high lateral contact pressures of the rope against the guide surfaces result with correspondingly high frictional resistance against sliding of the rope through the guide. Because of the strong friction at the guide surfaces 17 and 18 of the rope pulley 5, a locking of the rope pulley 5 is then ensured on tension at the rope end 9 because of the force and lever relationships, which are clearly recognisable particular-ly in Figure 8, for each, eYen the smallest tension force acting at the rope end 9 so that even in the case of possible fluctuations ~ -in the tension force, for example through temporary support of the lowering person concerned at parts of the building or through pendulat- -ing movements and so forth, no even only temporary cancellation of the clamping of the clamping ring or of the rope pulley 5 can occur between the abutments 6 and 7.
The angle ~ enclosed by the guide 19 has an order of magnitude of about 9 of the use of a rope of polyamide and rope pulley of aluminium and about 15 on corresponding use of polyester or steel ;
with a surface of normal production roughness and in a given case coat-` -ing with a rust protection medium such as cadmium. The angle between the guide surfaces 17 and 18 for the rope 8 is expediently and in any case with consideration of the concerned co-e~ficient of friction dimensioned in such a manner that the rope and the guide surfaces 17 ~-and 18 or the rope pulley S are disposed in the region of the self-locking. For the remainder, the braking is also still enhanced there-by, that the rope 8 deforms more or less in cross-section in the guide 19 ~see also Figures 14 and 15), whereby the mutually rubbing .surfaces increase during the sliding of the rope 8 through the guide 19.
'- ' : . :
WO 90/1~620 PCI'/~IO~0/000~8 o 2~S3%~ ~
On tension at the rope end 20 in direction of the arrow 29, the mentioned clamping is again cancelled or does even not set in at all so that the rope pulley 5 is rotatable around its geometric axis in counterclockwise sense in the case of the illustration in Figure 1.
Thereby, the rope 8 is then easily movable over the rope pulley 5 on movement of the rope end 25 in direction of the arrow 29 so that, after lowering of a person from or out of the building has taken place, the carrying means 10 situated at the rope end 9 can easily be moved back in the direction of the ~astening point of the appliance 1, in a given case as far as the frame 2, in order to be able to be used once again.
At this point, the deflecting means for the rope may be pointed out, which are likewise significant for the invention and constructed as pins 20 and 21 and with the aid of which a desired looping angle of the rope 8 around the rope pulley 5 is made certain. The constrained guidance of the rope 8 around the rope pulley S given thereby is, apart from through the abutment 7 likewis acting as guide, in a given case still further enhanced by additional, not illustrated guide means, such as pins and the like, arranged in the proximity of the circumfer-ence of the rope pulley 5 along the envisaged looping region of the rope 8 around the rope pulley 5.
For an understanding of the illustration in Figure 1, it may beyond that still be mentioned that this only schematic illustration is to show the appliance in the state of the clamping of the rope pulley 5 between the abutments 6 and 7 and beyond that also under the influence of a greater force (weight of a lowering person) on the rope end 9. Accordingly, the rope 8 has "drawn into" the guide 19 of the rope pulley 5 somewhat as illustrated.
Figure 7 shows a graphical illustration of the given possibilities of association of first and second abutment on the one hand and clamp-ing ring (rope pulley 5) on the other hand on the basis of certain essential constructional features of the appliance according to the Figures 1 to 3. The cylindrical outer support surface, denoted by 30, namely the outer boundary of the rope pulley 5 has the outer radius Ra and the concentric bore, denoted by 31, in the rope pulley 5 has the inner radius Ri; the abutment 6 is constructed as pin of circular cross-section with a radius r of the cylinder shell bounding the pin.
The line 33 passing through the geometric centre 32 of the abutment wo gO/12~0 Pcr/~oso/0006s .:
5~2 6 corresPonds in its course to the direction of action of the force, thus that direction which extends parallelly to the connecting line between running-out rope end 9 and bearing pin 27 for the susoension 12 in the state of use of the appliance 1. The subsequently mentioned angle ~ is referred to this line.
The illustration in Figure 7 shows - restricted to the one half of the illustration - different hatched surface regions which indicate the ranges for the arrangement of the abutment 7 (second abutment), in which ranges a function of the appliance is possible or impossible ~-and furthermore in which ranges the appliance can be used particular- `
ly advantageously and finally in which ranges a use of the appliance can take place only with certain restrictions of the basically possible advantages o~ use.
The inner cylindrical support surface 34, determined by the inner radius Ri, of the rope Dulley 5 rolls starting out from a point 35 ,~
along the abutment 6 on the engaging of a rope force S1 at the rope ~ulley 5 (thus on tension at the rope end 9) in that sense at the con-cerned cylindrically curved surface region of the abutment 6 that the ro~e pulley 5 moves out of the position drawn in solid line on assumed rolling on the abutment 6 through 90 from the point 35 to the point 36 into the position drawn in dashed line. On perhaDs further (possible) '~
rolling of the rope pulley 5 - in accordance with the arrangement of the abutment 7 - at the abutment 6 from point 36 to point 37, the rope pulley 5 then assu~es the position drawn in chain-dotted line.
It is recognisable by reference to the illustrations in Figure 7 that a manner of function of the appliance in the above-indicated sense is basically possible on arrangement of the second abutment 7 in the single-hatched range of movement. Because of the better lever : -~relationships and correspondingly stronger clamping and arising of a correspondingly greater pressure (see also Figure 8) and correspond-ing adhesive friction, the second abutment 7 is however preferably arranged in the double-hatched range of movement, and namely somewhat above an angle of about 45 to about 135. In order that an at least theoretically possible clamping o~ the rope pulley 5 during reverse movement ("reverse clamping"), thus on tension at the rope end 25, ;
is excluded with certainty, the second abutment should however not be arranged in the cross-hatched range of movement. On arrangement ' '~. :.
, WO 90/12620 P~T/NO90/0~068 _ ~2 2 B153~
of the abutment 7 in the regions hatched in dashed lines, a clamping of the rope pulley 5 and thereby a function of the appliance 1 is impossible.
Figure 8 in simple schematic illustration shows force and lever relationships as they are preferably aimed at in the context of the present invention. In this case, S1 and S2 are the forces engaging `
at the rope end 9 or 25 and taken up by the not shown suspension 12, FN1 and FN2 are the forces acting from the abutment 6 or 7 on the inner support surface 34 or the outer support surface 30 of the rope pulley 5 and FR1 and FR2 are the forces preventing a rotation of the ~ -rope pulley 5 or of a separate clamping ring, firmly connected with the rope pulley, about its geometric axis 31 on the presumption that ~-S1 is greater than S2.
Another basically possible embodiment of an apPliance according ~ ~ -to the invention is illustrated schematically in the Figures 9 and 10. In this embodiment, the rope pulleys 38 and 39 are firmly connect-ed together by way of a central web 40 of circular cross-section.
The rope pulleys 38 and 39 with the web 40 are guided in a bore 41 of a plate-shaped body 42, which for the remainder - not illustrated -displays on the one hand fastening means or a suspension corresponding to the suspension 12 of the appliance 1 and on the other hand - like-wise not illustrated - guide means for the constrained guidance and deflection of a rope 43 or 44. The rope pulleys 38 and 39 display a respective flange-like enlargement 45 and 46l which forms a respect-ive outer, inwardly directed cylindrical support surface 47 and 48, opposlte which lies a respective second abutment 49 and 50 at approp-riate spacing, as indicated in the case of the appliance 1. In the case of this embodiment, the first abutment denoted by 51 is formed by the inwardly facing cylindrical surface of the bore 41. That surface of the web 40, which lies opposite the abutment 51 and rolls along the abutment Sl, accordingly faces outwardly in the case of this embodiment. -Figure 11 in schematic illustration in cross-section shows a further possible embodiment of an appliance according to the invention, in which a rope pulley, denoted by 53 and likewise acting as clamping ring, is guided between lateral guides 54 and 55 and clampable or i freely rotatable between a first abutment 56 and a second abutment 57.
wo 90/12620 PCr/NO90/0006 ~ 3 2~5;~
The Figures 1~ and 13 of the drawing show, likewise merely in schematic illustration, an embodiment which for the remainder is similar to the embodiment according to Figures 1 to 3, in which however the ~ -first abutment denoted by 58 and the second abutment denoted by 59 for either a clamping ring or a roDe pulley 60 are formed through partial punching and bending-out of appropriate regions from the one plate, denoted by 61, of a frame, which consists substantially of the plates 61 and 62, for the rope pulley 60. The free ends, denoted ~-by 63 and 64, of the abutment 58 and 59 respectively can be riveted to the concerned region of the plate 62 and thereby together with further, not illustrated and possibly corresponding bent-out portions of the one and/or other of both the plates 61 and 62 together with spacer members for the plates 61 and 62 form an inherently stiff frame.
Figures 14 and 15 show a significant detail for the appliance ' according to invention, and namely the execution, dimensioning and mutual arrangement of the guide surfaces, denoted by 65 and 66, of a guide 67 for a rope 68 over a rope pulley 69. The angle ~ included between both the guide surfaces 65 and 66 or the angle /~/2 included -between one of both the guide surfaces 65 and 66 with the central plane 70 of the rope pulley 69 is dimensioned to be so small that self-locking sets in in at least a partial region of the looping angle --subject to consideration of the properties of the material of the ro~e 68 and the rope pulley 69.
Preferably, the rope consists of synthetic material, in particular polyamide or polyester, whilst the rope pulley preferably consists of metal, in particular steel or aluminium. In the case of the choice of aluminium as material for the rope pulley and polyamide as material for the rope, the angle/S expediently amounts to 7 to 12 degrees; in the case of a corresponding combination of materials of steel and ~-polyester, the angle ~ expediently amounts to 11 to 20 degrees. How-ever, maximum or minimum angles ~ still departing slightly from this can still lead to a usable function of the appliance. For the dimension-ing of the angle ~, the forces acting in the state of use between the rope 68 and the guide surfaces 65 and 66 of the rope pulley 69 and the prescribed looping angle of the rope around the rope pulley 69 are also to be taken into consideration in every case as well as -furthermore the build-up and deformability of the roDe to be used.
WO 90/126~0 PCr/NO90/00~)68 2~53~
The minimum opening width of the guide 67 at the circumference of the rope pulley 69 corresponds at least approximately to the diameter of the rope in the undeformed state; the opening width W expediently reduces at least to about half, preferably at least to one third of the maximum opening width towards the base 71 of the guide 67 on the :
use of a rope of synthetic material so that this in use is deformable in cross-section, as is recognisable in the Figures 14 and 15 and also in Figure 1, and namely substantially transversely to the tension forces acting at the rope.
Where the rope pulley in the embodiments shown in the drawing also serves at the same time as clamping ring for the locking gear used within the scope of the invention, the use of a separate clamping ring, which is firmly connected, for example screwed together with the rope pulley, is of course also possible.
Furthermore, the locking gear used within the scope of the invent-ion is not restricted to the use of a cylindrical surface which is more or less smooth at the outer radius Ra, but which can also be roughened in suitable manner or be executed to be toothed or wavy to a certain extent, which applies also for the outer abutment.
The present invention concerns an appliance according to the - -classifying clause of the claim 1. An appliance of that kind is shown ;~
~nd described in ~he US-A 659 093. .:
The Dreviously known rescue aDpliance similar to a pulley blGck ~-cisolays, apart from a movable roDe pulley borne to be rotatable on ~n axle in a frame !block), wo further movable Darts, and namely for -~ne thing a pawl to be actuated by gravity for a ratchet wheel firmly connected with the rope pulley and fGr the other thing a pivotable sus~ension, constructed as lever, with a ~rolongation which in the state of use Ot the aPoliance shall exert an approoriate contact pressure on the rope for the production of a certain friction between rooe and :~
rooe pulley or prolongation.
The use of so many movable parts can not be accepted because of the ris'~s resulting herefrom just in the case of such a rescue appliance, for examDle in consequence of rusting solid of the one or other movable part at the frame. For the remainder, a sliding friction between rope and rope pulley or between rope and prolongation will be given in this apDliance to the maximum possible extent also only when a sufficient force directed away from the roDe pulley is exerted on both rope ends.
Should a person lowering himself or herself ~y this appliance from or out of a building or part of a building, for any reason whatever, omit firmly to grasp the other free rooe end for the purpose of the regulation of the downward speed (see US-A 659 093, page 1, column 2, lines 101 to 103), the downward movement of the person concerned towards the ground will accelerate unreduced. :~-A furthe~ disadvantage of the previously known apoliance consists in ~hat it c~n, ~ecause of .he loc!<ing ge2r used there with a pawl ;;
'' '' '' - , .. ~c, .. ...
~C~5~2~
W O 90/12~20 PCT/NO90/00068 ; ~ 2 actuated through gravity, be used aDpro~riately for the Purpose only in a certain orientation relative to the ground. A reversed fastening or also only an horizontal fastening at any building parts lying outside or inside would already make a locking of the rope pulley against rotat-ion uncertain or imDossible in the one direction and thereby make the appliance practically unusable.
For the remainder, the appliance displays no constrained guidance for the rope around the rope pulley so that the one or other rope end -can in a given case in emergency get "tangled" at parts of the building, which likewise causes at least an impairment of the purpose of use.
- Independently thereof, also the looping angle of the rope around the rùpe pulley in this known appliance is too small, in vie~ of the in any case only small, maximum attainable friction of the rope at parts of the rope pulley or the prolongation, in order in all feasible and ~ -envisaged cases of application to offer real help for a rescue appliance of that kind.
Furthermore, the SE-B 452 951 shows a rescue appliance similar to a pulley block for the lowering of persons from or out of buildings, in particular for the escape in the case of risk to life due to fire.
The statements in this printed specification are however not suitable to provide an expert coming into question with a Performable~ unambigu-ous and complete teaching for technical action; this printed specific-ation is rather to be considered as setting the problem, for the solut-ion of which appreciable inventive endeavours are required.
Problem '' ' By the Present invention, a rescue appliance of the initially named species shall be simplified and be made more secure in the manner ~ : of function and be of enlarged possible range of application.
Solution ~ ~ .
For the solution of the named problem, the features named in the .
characterising part of the claim 1 are proposed for improvement of the appliance according to the species.
. . .
~' .
2~S329~
WO 90/12620 PCl`/NO90/00068 Advantages ,",.
The rescue appliance according to the invention distinguishes itself thereby, that it has or needs to have no movable parts apart ; ;
from the rooe pulley and the rope, that it is constructionally simple and manufacturable cheaply, that it is fully capable of function not only in about vertical direction, but also in any feasible direction of action of force - thus for example also in the case of mounting or susDension at a radiator situated in the proximity of a window and deflection of both the rope ends through about 180 around for examPle a window breast - and that it is capable of exerting a friction and thereby retainins force, which is substantially greater in relation to the resDective tension force, on the cable in particular, and namely ;
particularly also when only the one end provided with the carrying means is pulled.
Another solution, which is an alternative in terms of the con- ~
structional elements used, of the named problem is indicated in claim ~ -2.
The claims 3 and 4 concern preferred arrangements and dimensions of constructional elements of the appliance according to claim 1 or 2.
In order in view of the locking gear used in conjunction with the invention to enable a rolling of a surface along on another surface, the corresponding surface regions can each display constant curvature, such as is the case for cylindrical surfaces to be made relatively simply, for example through drilling or turning. With a view to a further improved manner of function on the one hand and highest possible loading capacity of the appliance with relatively small dimensions -on the other hand, a solution according to claim 5 can however be ex- ;-pedient, in which at least the first abutment displays a surface region ~ ~
of varying curvature. This proposal according to claim 6 applies in , appropriate sense also for a correspondirg refinement of the second abutment.
First and second abutments, which are particularly effective and simple to manufacture, are indicated in the claims 7 to 9. A construct- ~
ional detail, which offers advantages particularly in the production o ~ -..~, ....
:.
` ' ' ', ~ ':''' ' '' ' ''" ..; ' ' ; '' '' ' '' ' ' '' ' ' ' ' '~' ' ' ''.' W o 90/12~20 PC~
` 4 of the frame for the apPliance from two plates which are arranged each ;
parallelly and opposite to the other, is Droposed by the appliance according to claim 10.
With a view to the constructional refinement of the frame for the appliance, a solution according to claim 11 is of advantage with a view to simDlicity and effectiveness.
In order to achieve the best possible effect of the appliance in view of the rope qualities that are strongly deformable in cross-section and commercially available and coming into question for the apDliance according to the invention, the guidance for the cable is preferably carried out according to claim 12.
Claim 13 names an expedient combination of materials for rope pulley and rope. In order that in the case of possible damage, in particular through fire, of the rope consisting of synthetic material, an adequate function of the aDpliance nevertheless remains maintained, the rope corresponding to the proposal according to claim 14 disDlays a core of metal. This core can preferably be executed as - thinner -steel rope or aluminium roDe which is surrounded by the remaining parts of the rope consisting of synthetic material.
A preferred further refinement of an appliance according to the invention is according to claim 15 characterised thereby, that deflect-ing means are provided for the one and/or the other rope end on that side of the frame and the rope pulley, which lies opposite the fasten-ing means or the susPension~ for the constrained guidance of the rope and for securing a minimum looping angle of the rope around the rope ~-pulley. The sliding ~riction attainable between rope and rope pulley when the rope pulley is arrested can thus be structured optimally with the aid of these deflecting means under con,ideration of the choice of certain materials for rope and rope pulley.
The appliance can be developed according to claim 16 for the further (constrained) guidance of the rope over the looping angle along - the circumference of the rope pulley.
To obtain the most favourable possible force conditions with a view to the locking to be achieved of the clamping ring against the rotational movement in the one direction, the second abutment for the clamping ring is Dreferably arranged in an angular range of the angle ~-of about 45 to about 135 relative to the direction of action of , . . . ;. . , . .. :
O 90~126~0 P~/NO90/01)0~i8 2~5329~2 .
the force and referred to the centre or to the geometric axis of the ;
concerned surface region of the first abutment. This proposal indicated by claim 17 applies appropriately of course also to the alternative appliance according to claim 2.
An appliance can be developed in correspondence with the features -~
of the claim 18 for the simultaneous use of an appliance according to the invention by two persons.
Claim 19 names a particularly simple and effective solution which is favourable in costs with a view to the manufacture. -Further possible constructional refinements are indicated in the claims 20 to 23.
In order that the envisaged mode of operation, which differs ad-vantageously from the state of the art, of the appliance according to the invention is assured to the full extent in all circumstances, the conditions indicated in claim 24 for the arrangement of the second abutment are adhered to moreover in - in the case of additional con-sideration of the feature according to claim 3, further - restriction of the feature (m) according to claim 1 for the dimensioning and arrange-ment of first and second abutments as well as outer and inner supporting surfaces of the clamping ring. This aDplies according to claim 25 of course also to the alternative appliance construction according to claim 2.
According to the invention explained sù far, it is self-evident that a frictional resistance sufficient for the locking of the clamping riny exists between the effective surfaces, which in a given case come into contact one with the other, of clamping ring and first and second abutment. This frictional resistance can be chosen within relatively wide limits through appropriate choice of the co-efficients of friction ~ -of the materials used for these constructional elements. Belonging l~
in the scope of these considerations is also the possibility of execut- -ing the outer support surface, lying on a circular arc, of the clamp-ing ring to be more or less toothed or also in the shape of wavy lines, as indicated by claim 27. The solution according to claim 6 is how-ever preferred, according to which the outer supoort surface of either ; --the clamping ring or of the clamping disc is executed in cylindrical -shape.
,~,'.
.
W O 90/126~0 PCT/NO90/0006X
` 6 ExDlanation of the invention_by examples of embod1m The appliance according to the invention and i~s manner of function are explained more closely in the following by reference to the Figures 1 to 15 of the drawing.
There show Figure 1 a schematic illustration of an embodiment of an appliance -according to the invention in the front vie~ with re-moved plate, facing the observer, of the appliance frame built up of two plates arranged each parallelly to the other, Figure 2 a side elevation of the appliance according to Figure 1, . :'.
Figure 3 a section through the appliance according to the Figures -1 and 2 along the section line III-III in Figure 1, Figure 4 in plan view, a cassette, fastened in the window soffit, ~
for the appliance according to the Figures 1 to 39 .
Figure 5 in the rear view, the cassette according to Figure 4 with the lid taken off, Figure 6 in schematic illustration, a practical case of applicat-ion, Figure 7 a graphical illustration of the given possibilities of the mounting and dimensioning of essential construct-ional elemen~s of an appliance according to the Figures 1 to 3, Figure ~ a simplified graphical illustration for explanation of the effect utilised by the invention, Figure 9 in schematic illustration, an alternative construction of an appliance according to the invention restricted to the essential constructional elements and in the front elevation according to section line IX in Fig.
1 0 j Figure 10 the construction according to Figure 9 in the side elevation in section along the section line X-X in .
Figure 9, Figure 11 in sectional side elevation, another possible embodi-ment of an appliance according to the invention, ~
~,.
WO 90/12620 PCr/NO~)0/00068 21~53~9~
Figure 12 in front elevation, a further constructional refine-ment of an appliance according to the invention, :
Figure 13 in sectional side elevation, the aDpliance according - .
to Figure 12 along section line XIII-XIII in Figure . ~:
12 and Figures 14 and 15 to enlarged scale resPectively in the front elevation and in sectional side elevation in section along section line XV-X~ in Figure 14, a rope pulley of an appliance according to the invention with illustration of the essential effective forces.
The Figures 1 to 3 show a rescue appliance 1 according to the invention and consisting substantially of a frame 2 with side plates 3 and 4, a rope pulley 5, a first abutment 6, a second abutment 7, ~ . .
a rope 8 running over the rope pulley 5 with carrying means 10 fasten- .
ed at the rope end 9 for a person 11 (see also Figures 4 and 5) and .
a fastening means engaging at the frame 2 or a suspension 12. The suspension 12 displays bores 13, 14 and 15 for fastening of the suspens~
ion 12 with the remaining part of the device 1 by means of screws, .:
for example to a window soffit 16. The rope 8 runs through the guide 19, formed by guide surfaces 17 and 18, of the rope pulley 5 and is ~-deflected in the state of use into about the direction illustrated . ~-in the drawing by deflecting means at the lower end of the frame 2;
in the case of the embodiment according to the Figures 1 to 3, these ~ `~deflecting means are constructed as pins 20 and 21. For the remainder, ; ~-the second abutment 7 likewise constructed in the form of a pin serves the further constrained guidance, apart from that also prescribed by the pins 20 and 21, ~f the rope 8 around the rope pulley 5.
Apart from a certain upper region of the suspension 12, the device 1 - thus fra~e 2 with rope pulley 5 as well as rope 8 wi~h carrying means 10 - is disposed in a trough-like container 22, which :is closed off by a lid 23 on its rear side, thus the side facing the window soffit 16. The lid 23 at the lower end displays a handle 24, with:the aid of which the lid can be pulled away from the container 22 downwardly through at least a certain amount and an opening in the upper region of the container 22 can be freed thereby so that this, in a given case together with the lid 23, and the rope inclusive of carrying means 10 still disposed in the container 22 can be taken .;~
W o 90/12620 PCT/~09~/00068 . ~ .
9~ ' off from the concerned fastening point at the window soffit 16. The carrying means 10 fastened at the roDe end 9 is situated near to the frame 2 on removal of the container 22 from the fastening point so that the carrying means 13 is drawn out of the container Z2 through -removal of the container 22 from the fastening point and thus lies free for use. The container 22 with the predominant part of the rope 8 still disposed therein,th~s the other free rope end denoted by 25, is in case of need thrown onto the ground (see Figure 5) so that the free rope end 25 reaches from the fastening point to the ground 26.
The length of the rope 8 is in that case expediently dimensioned to be altogether at least twice as great as the soacing between fasten-ing point and ground.
The carrying means 10, preferably constructed as loop, is laid in case of need around the chest directly below the shoulders or arms in such a manner that the rope end 9 adjoining thereat is situated on the front side of the person 11. A rope piece, which at one end ~-~
is firmly connected with the mentioned loop at the end remote from the fastening point of the carrying means 10 at the rope 8 and at the other end dis?lays a spring safety hook for the fastening of this end i;
of the relatively short rope piece to an eyelet situated in the region ~
of the fastening point of carrying means and rope 9, serves for the ~ ;
improvement and enlargement of the function.
The free rope end 20 is expediently gripped by the person concern- ;
ed during the lowering from or out of the building or structure con-cerned so that the lowering speed can, if desired, be reduced further hereby.
In consequence of the arrangement and dimensioning, still explain- ;
ed in detail further below in relation to Figure 7, of rope pulley 5 acting as clamping ring, first abutment 6 and second abutment 7 for the rope pulley 5 as well as their position relative to the connecting line between running-out rope end 9 and the bearing locat-ion of the suspension 12, namely the bearing pin 27, a clamping between the rope pulley 5 and the abutments 6 and 7 and thereby a locking of the rope pulley against rotation sets in at the latest on, even if only smallest pull at the rope end 9. With increasing tension force S1 at the rope end 9, the forces (see Figure 8), which cause a clamping of the rope Dulley, which for this purpose also acts at " ". , . , . ,......................... , , ::
, ~
, .................................. :"
wo 90/12b20 P~l`/NO90/00068 g 2~53~
the same time as clamping ring, between the abutments 6 and 7 will a1so be enhanced correspondingly and continue to securely prevent the given locking of the roDe pul1ey 5 against rotation.
In that case, the rope 8 "draws" more deeply into the guide 19, formed by the guide surfaces 17 and 18, of the rope Dulley 5 so that, in correspondence with the then increasing contact pressure of the rope 8 on the guide surfaces 17 and 18, also the frictional resistance against sliding of the rope 8 through the guide 19 of the locked rope pulley 5 increases in direction of the movement of the rope according to arrow 28. The ang1e inc1uded by the guide surfaces 17 and 18 of the guide 19 is in every case an acute angle. Hereby, relatively high lateral contact pressures of the rope against the guide surfaces result with correspondingly high frictional resistance against sliding of the rope through the guide. Because of the strong friction at the guide surfaces 17 and 18 of the rope pulley 5, a locking of the rope pulley 5 is then ensured on tension at the rope end 9 because of the force and lever relationships, which are clearly recognisable particular-ly in Figure 8, for each, eYen the smallest tension force acting at the rope end 9 so that even in the case of possible fluctuations ~ -in the tension force, for example through temporary support of the lowering person concerned at parts of the building or through pendulat- -ing movements and so forth, no even only temporary cancellation of the clamping of the clamping ring or of the rope pulley 5 can occur between the abutments 6 and 7.
The angle ~ enclosed by the guide 19 has an order of magnitude of about 9 of the use of a rope of polyamide and rope pulley of aluminium and about 15 on corresponding use of polyester or steel ;
with a surface of normal production roughness and in a given case coat-` -ing with a rust protection medium such as cadmium. The angle between the guide surfaces 17 and 18 for the rope 8 is expediently and in any case with consideration of the concerned co-e~ficient of friction dimensioned in such a manner that the rope and the guide surfaces 17 ~-and 18 or the rope pulley S are disposed in the region of the self-locking. For the remainder, the braking is also still enhanced there-by, that the rope 8 deforms more or less in cross-section in the guide 19 ~see also Figures 14 and 15), whereby the mutually rubbing .surfaces increase during the sliding of the rope 8 through the guide 19.
'- ' : . :
WO 90/1~620 PCI'/~IO~0/000~8 o 2~S3%~ ~
On tension at the rope end 20 in direction of the arrow 29, the mentioned clamping is again cancelled or does even not set in at all so that the rope pulley 5 is rotatable around its geometric axis in counterclockwise sense in the case of the illustration in Figure 1.
Thereby, the rope 8 is then easily movable over the rope pulley 5 on movement of the rope end 25 in direction of the arrow 29 so that, after lowering of a person from or out of the building has taken place, the carrying means 10 situated at the rope end 9 can easily be moved back in the direction of the ~astening point of the appliance 1, in a given case as far as the frame 2, in order to be able to be used once again.
At this point, the deflecting means for the rope may be pointed out, which are likewise significant for the invention and constructed as pins 20 and 21 and with the aid of which a desired looping angle of the rope 8 around the rope pulley 5 is made certain. The constrained guidance of the rope 8 around the rope pulley S given thereby is, apart from through the abutment 7 likewis acting as guide, in a given case still further enhanced by additional, not illustrated guide means, such as pins and the like, arranged in the proximity of the circumfer-ence of the rope pulley 5 along the envisaged looping region of the rope 8 around the rope pulley 5.
For an understanding of the illustration in Figure 1, it may beyond that still be mentioned that this only schematic illustration is to show the appliance in the state of the clamping of the rope pulley 5 between the abutments 6 and 7 and beyond that also under the influence of a greater force (weight of a lowering person) on the rope end 9. Accordingly, the rope 8 has "drawn into" the guide 19 of the rope pulley 5 somewhat as illustrated.
Figure 7 shows a graphical illustration of the given possibilities of association of first and second abutment on the one hand and clamp-ing ring (rope pulley 5) on the other hand on the basis of certain essential constructional features of the appliance according to the Figures 1 to 3. The cylindrical outer support surface, denoted by 30, namely the outer boundary of the rope pulley 5 has the outer radius Ra and the concentric bore, denoted by 31, in the rope pulley 5 has the inner radius Ri; the abutment 6 is constructed as pin of circular cross-section with a radius r of the cylinder shell bounding the pin.
The line 33 passing through the geometric centre 32 of the abutment wo gO/12~0 Pcr/~oso/0006s .:
5~2 6 corresPonds in its course to the direction of action of the force, thus that direction which extends parallelly to the connecting line between running-out rope end 9 and bearing pin 27 for the susoension 12 in the state of use of the appliance 1. The subsequently mentioned angle ~ is referred to this line.
The illustration in Figure 7 shows - restricted to the one half of the illustration - different hatched surface regions which indicate the ranges for the arrangement of the abutment 7 (second abutment), in which ranges a function of the appliance is possible or impossible ~-and furthermore in which ranges the appliance can be used particular- `
ly advantageously and finally in which ranges a use of the appliance can take place only with certain restrictions of the basically possible advantages o~ use.
The inner cylindrical support surface 34, determined by the inner radius Ri, of the rope Dulley 5 rolls starting out from a point 35 ,~
along the abutment 6 on the engaging of a rope force S1 at the rope ~ulley 5 (thus on tension at the rope end 9) in that sense at the con-cerned cylindrically curved surface region of the abutment 6 that the ro~e pulley 5 moves out of the position drawn in solid line on assumed rolling on the abutment 6 through 90 from the point 35 to the point 36 into the position drawn in dashed line. On perhaDs further (possible) '~
rolling of the rope pulley 5 - in accordance with the arrangement of the abutment 7 - at the abutment 6 from point 36 to point 37, the rope pulley 5 then assu~es the position drawn in chain-dotted line.
It is recognisable by reference to the illustrations in Figure 7 that a manner of function of the appliance in the above-indicated sense is basically possible on arrangement of the second abutment 7 in the single-hatched range of movement. Because of the better lever : -~relationships and correspondingly stronger clamping and arising of a correspondingly greater pressure (see also Figure 8) and correspond-ing adhesive friction, the second abutment 7 is however preferably arranged in the double-hatched range of movement, and namely somewhat above an angle of about 45 to about 135. In order that an at least theoretically possible clamping o~ the rope pulley 5 during reverse movement ("reverse clamping"), thus on tension at the rope end 25, ;
is excluded with certainty, the second abutment should however not be arranged in the cross-hatched range of movement. On arrangement ' '~. :.
, WO 90/12620 P~T/NO90/0~068 _ ~2 2 B153~
of the abutment 7 in the regions hatched in dashed lines, a clamping of the rope pulley 5 and thereby a function of the appliance 1 is impossible.
Figure 8 in simple schematic illustration shows force and lever relationships as they are preferably aimed at in the context of the present invention. In this case, S1 and S2 are the forces engaging `
at the rope end 9 or 25 and taken up by the not shown suspension 12, FN1 and FN2 are the forces acting from the abutment 6 or 7 on the inner support surface 34 or the outer support surface 30 of the rope pulley 5 and FR1 and FR2 are the forces preventing a rotation of the ~ -rope pulley 5 or of a separate clamping ring, firmly connected with the rope pulley, about its geometric axis 31 on the presumption that ~-S1 is greater than S2.
Another basically possible embodiment of an apPliance according ~ ~ -to the invention is illustrated schematically in the Figures 9 and 10. In this embodiment, the rope pulleys 38 and 39 are firmly connect-ed together by way of a central web 40 of circular cross-section.
The rope pulleys 38 and 39 with the web 40 are guided in a bore 41 of a plate-shaped body 42, which for the remainder - not illustrated -displays on the one hand fastening means or a suspension corresponding to the suspension 12 of the appliance 1 and on the other hand - like-wise not illustrated - guide means for the constrained guidance and deflection of a rope 43 or 44. The rope pulleys 38 and 39 display a respective flange-like enlargement 45 and 46l which forms a respect-ive outer, inwardly directed cylindrical support surface 47 and 48, opposlte which lies a respective second abutment 49 and 50 at approp-riate spacing, as indicated in the case of the appliance 1. In the case of this embodiment, the first abutment denoted by 51 is formed by the inwardly facing cylindrical surface of the bore 41. That surface of the web 40, which lies opposite the abutment 51 and rolls along the abutment Sl, accordingly faces outwardly in the case of this embodiment. -Figure 11 in schematic illustration in cross-section shows a further possible embodiment of an appliance according to the invention, in which a rope pulley, denoted by 53 and likewise acting as clamping ring, is guided between lateral guides 54 and 55 and clampable or i freely rotatable between a first abutment 56 and a second abutment 57.
wo 90/12620 PCr/NO90/0006 ~ 3 2~5;~
The Figures 1~ and 13 of the drawing show, likewise merely in schematic illustration, an embodiment which for the remainder is similar to the embodiment according to Figures 1 to 3, in which however the ~ -first abutment denoted by 58 and the second abutment denoted by 59 for either a clamping ring or a roDe pulley 60 are formed through partial punching and bending-out of appropriate regions from the one plate, denoted by 61, of a frame, which consists substantially of the plates 61 and 62, for the rope pulley 60. The free ends, denoted ~-by 63 and 64, of the abutment 58 and 59 respectively can be riveted to the concerned region of the plate 62 and thereby together with further, not illustrated and possibly corresponding bent-out portions of the one and/or other of both the plates 61 and 62 together with spacer members for the plates 61 and 62 form an inherently stiff frame.
Figures 14 and 15 show a significant detail for the appliance ' according to invention, and namely the execution, dimensioning and mutual arrangement of the guide surfaces, denoted by 65 and 66, of a guide 67 for a rope 68 over a rope pulley 69. The angle ~ included between both the guide surfaces 65 and 66 or the angle /~/2 included -between one of both the guide surfaces 65 and 66 with the central plane 70 of the rope pulley 69 is dimensioned to be so small that self-locking sets in in at least a partial region of the looping angle --subject to consideration of the properties of the material of the ro~e 68 and the rope pulley 69.
Preferably, the rope consists of synthetic material, in particular polyamide or polyester, whilst the rope pulley preferably consists of metal, in particular steel or aluminium. In the case of the choice of aluminium as material for the rope pulley and polyamide as material for the rope, the angle/S expediently amounts to 7 to 12 degrees; in the case of a corresponding combination of materials of steel and ~-polyester, the angle ~ expediently amounts to 11 to 20 degrees. How-ever, maximum or minimum angles ~ still departing slightly from this can still lead to a usable function of the appliance. For the dimension-ing of the angle ~, the forces acting in the state of use between the rope 68 and the guide surfaces 65 and 66 of the rope pulley 69 and the prescribed looping angle of the rope around the rope pulley 69 are also to be taken into consideration in every case as well as -furthermore the build-up and deformability of the roDe to be used.
WO 90/126~0 PCr/NO90/00~)68 2~53~
The minimum opening width of the guide 67 at the circumference of the rope pulley 69 corresponds at least approximately to the diameter of the rope in the undeformed state; the opening width W expediently reduces at least to about half, preferably at least to one third of the maximum opening width towards the base 71 of the guide 67 on the :
use of a rope of synthetic material so that this in use is deformable in cross-section, as is recognisable in the Figures 14 and 15 and also in Figure 1, and namely substantially transversely to the tension forces acting at the rope.
Where the rope pulley in the embodiments shown in the drawing also serves at the same time as clamping ring for the locking gear used within the scope of the invention, the use of a separate clamping ring, which is firmly connected, for example screwed together with the rope pulley, is of course also possible.
Furthermore, the locking gear used within the scope of the invent-ion is not restricted to the use of a cylindrical surface which is more or less smooth at the outer radius Ra, but which can also be roughened in suitable manner or be executed to be toothed or wavy to a certain extent, which applies also for the outer abutment.
Claims (27)
1. Rescue appliance similar to a pulley block and for lowering persons from or out of buildings, for example as aid for the escape in the case of risk to life due to fire, a) with a frame, a rope pulley borne to be rotatable in the frame and with fastening means provided at the frame for mounting the frame at a part of the building, b) with a locking gear for locking the rope pulley against rotational movements in the one direction, c) with a groove-like guide provided for a rope at the circumference of the rope pulley, d) with a rope which runs over the rope pulley and at the one end -running out against the direction of rotation possible in the state of use - of which carrying means for a person are fastened, e) with a looping angle of the rope around the rope pulley of less than 360 degrees and f) with means for the production of a contact pressure, which is depend-ent on the tension loading on the appliance and causes a frictional resistance to sliding of the rope over the rope pulley, on the rope in the region of the rope pulley, characterised by the following features:
g) a clamping ring with an outer support surface, which lies on a circular arc and is directed outwards, with an outer radius (Ra) and an inner support surface, which is the shape of a cylindrical shell and directed inwards, with an inner radius (Ri), furthermore a first abutment, which is firmly connected with the frame, for the inner support surface and a second abutment, which is firmly connected with the frame, for the outer support surface of the clamping ring and finally lateral guide surfaces for the clamping ring, which extend transversely to the axis of the clamping ring, are provided as elements of the locking gear, h) the cable pulley is firmly connected with the clamping ring with co-axial orientation thereto, i) the first abutment, on the side neighbouring the looping region of the rope pulley, displays a curved surface region with a radius (r) enabling a rolling of the inner support surface of the clamping ring along on the named surface region of this abutment, k) the second abutment, on the side facing the outer support surface of the clamping ring, displays a surface region with a curvature (K) enabling a rolling of the outer support surface of the clamping ring along the named surface region of this abutment, l) the second abutment is arranged at the frame on that side of the clamping ring, which lies opposite the rope pulley looping region bounded by the connecting line of the rope and, which runs off from the frame and is connected with the carrying means, and either the fastening means or the suspension at the frame (line of action of force), m) the second abutment has a spacing x from the geometric axis of the first abutment which spacing is in all cases smaller than Ra + Ri - r, but greater than Ra - Ri + r and which is furthermore in all cases smaller than .alpha. = 90°
.alpha. = 0° in the case of the arrangement of the second abutment in the angular range of the angle (.alpha.) of zero to 90 degrees between the line connecting the abutment (abutment point) and the geometric centre of the concerned surface region of the first abutment on the one hand and the notional line extending through this geometric centre and parallelly to the line of action of force on the other hand and which finally is in all cases greater than .alpha. = 180°
.alpha. = 90° in the case of the arrangement of the second abutment in the angular range of the angle (.alpha.) of 90 to 180 degrees between the line connect-ing the abutment (abutment point) and the geometric centre of the concerned surface region of the first abutment on the one hand and the notional line extending through this geometric centre and parallelly to the line of action of force on the other hand, n) the groove-like guide at the circumference of the rope pulley displays two guide surfaces, which extend about transversely to the geometric centre line and the spacing of which each from the other reduces from a value at least approximately corresponding to the thickness of the rope at the circumference of the rope pulley to a fraction of this value at the base of the guide and which guides between them include an angle .beta. lying in the range of self-locking.
g) a clamping ring with an outer support surface, which lies on a circular arc and is directed outwards, with an outer radius (Ra) and an inner support surface, which is the shape of a cylindrical shell and directed inwards, with an inner radius (Ri), furthermore a first abutment, which is firmly connected with the frame, for the inner support surface and a second abutment, which is firmly connected with the frame, for the outer support surface of the clamping ring and finally lateral guide surfaces for the clamping ring, which extend transversely to the axis of the clamping ring, are provided as elements of the locking gear, h) the cable pulley is firmly connected with the clamping ring with co-axial orientation thereto, i) the first abutment, on the side neighbouring the looping region of the rope pulley, displays a curved surface region with a radius (r) enabling a rolling of the inner support surface of the clamping ring along on the named surface region of this abutment, k) the second abutment, on the side facing the outer support surface of the clamping ring, displays a surface region with a curvature (K) enabling a rolling of the outer support surface of the clamping ring along the named surface region of this abutment, l) the second abutment is arranged at the frame on that side of the clamping ring, which lies opposite the rope pulley looping region bounded by the connecting line of the rope and, which runs off from the frame and is connected with the carrying means, and either the fastening means or the suspension at the frame (line of action of force), m) the second abutment has a spacing x from the geometric axis of the first abutment which spacing is in all cases smaller than Ra + Ri - r, but greater than Ra - Ri + r and which is furthermore in all cases smaller than .alpha. = 90°
.alpha. = 0° in the case of the arrangement of the second abutment in the angular range of the angle (.alpha.) of zero to 90 degrees between the line connecting the abutment (abutment point) and the geometric centre of the concerned surface region of the first abutment on the one hand and the notional line extending through this geometric centre and parallelly to the line of action of force on the other hand and which finally is in all cases greater than .alpha. = 180°
.alpha. = 90° in the case of the arrangement of the second abutment in the angular range of the angle (.alpha.) of 90 to 180 degrees between the line connect-ing the abutment (abutment point) and the geometric centre of the concerned surface region of the first abutment on the one hand and the notional line extending through this geometric centre and parallelly to the line of action of force on the other hand, n) the groove-like guide at the circumference of the rope pulley displays two guide surfaces, which extend about transversely to the geometric centre line and the spacing of which each from the other reduces from a value at least approximately corresponding to the thickness of the rope at the circumference of the rope pulley to a fraction of this value at the base of the guide and which guides between them include an angle .beta. lying in the range of self-locking.
2. Appliance according to claim 1, characterised thereby, that the clamping ring is replaced by a clamping disc with co-axially arranged spigot, wherein the inner support surface of the clamping ring is formed at the clamping ring by the cylindrical surface of the spigot and the outer support surface of the clamping ring is formed at the clamping ring by a surface, which lies on a circular arc and is directed inwardly, of a flange or the like and that the first abutment, which corresponds with the inner support surface at the spigot, is formed by the correspondingly curved cylindrical boundary wall, which enables a rolling along of the spigot, of a recess in the frame, whilst the second abutment is constructed as a support body projecting into the range of movement of the outer support surface and that the features of the claim 1 are utilised appropriately for the remainder.
3. Appliance according to claim 1, characterised thereby, that for the dimensioning and arrangement of the first and second abutments as well as of the outer and inner support surfaces of the clamping ring, the condition is preferably adhered to in restriction of the feature (m) according to claim 1 that the spacing concerned is smaller than .alpha.= 90°
.alpha. = 0°
in the angular range of the angle .alpha. from zero to 90 degrees and greater than .alpha. = 180°
.alpha. = 90°
in the angular range of the angle .alpha. from 90 to 180 degrees.
.alpha. = 0°
in the angular range of the angle .alpha. from zero to 90 degrees and greater than .alpha. = 180°
.alpha. = 90°
in the angular range of the angle .alpha. from 90 to 180 degrees.
4. Appliance according to claim 2, characterised by an appropriate application of the features of the claim 3.
5. Appliance according to one of the preceding claims, characterised thereby, that the first abutment displays a surface region of varying curvature.
6. Appliance according to one of the claims 1 to 5, characterised thereby, that the second abutment displays a surface region of varying curvature .
7. Appliance according to one of the claims 1 to 6, characterised thereby, that the second abutment is constructed as plate-shaped body.
8. Appliance according to one of the claims 1 to 6, characterised thereby, that the second abutment is constructed as pin of round cross-section.
9. Appliance according to one of the claims 1 to 8, characterised thereby, that the first abutment is constructed as pin of round cross-section.
10. Appliance according to claim 8 or 8 and 9, characterised thereby, that a sleeve disposed on a pin is provided as abutment.
11. Appliance according to claim 1 or 2, characterised thereby, that the lateral guides for either the clamping ring or the clamping disc with spigot are constructed as plate-shaped body or bodies.
12. Appliance according to claim 1 or 2, characterised thereby, that the spacing between the mutually opposite guide surfaces of the rope pulley for the rope reduces to a third of the diameter of the rope or to a smaller fraction towards the base of the guide.
13. Appliance according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised thereby, that the rope pulley consists of metal, in particular of steel or aluminium, and the rope consists of synthetic material, in particular of polyamide or polyethylene.
14. Appliance according to claim 13, characterised thereby, that the rope consisting of synthetic material possesses a core of metal, preferably as steel rope.
15. Appliance according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised thereby, that deflecting means are provided for the one and/or the other rope end on that side of the frame and the rope pulley, which lies opposite the fastening means or the suspension, for the constrained guidance of the rope and for securing a minimum looping angle of the rope around the rope pulley.
16. Appliance according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised thereby, that further guide means for the guidance of the rope at the rope pulley are provided at the frame.
17. Appliance according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised thereby, that the second abutment is preferably arranged in an angular range of the angle .alpha. of about 45 to about 135 degrees.
18. Appliance according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised thereby, that two or more rope pulleys, which are firmly connected with either the clamping ring or the clamping disc with spigot, are provided for the use of the appliance by two or more persons.
19. Appliance according to claim 1 and one or more of the claims 3 to 18, characterised thereby, that the cylindrical surface region at the circumference of the rope pulley serves as outer support surface.
20. Appliance according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised thereby, that either the inner support surface of the clamping ring or the first abutment for the spigot of the clamping disc is formed by a circular bore.
21. Appliance according to one or more of the claims 1 to 20, character-ised thereby, that either the inner support surface of the clamping ring or the first abutment for the spigot of the clamping disc is formed by a recess of circular cross-section in a plate-shaped body.
22. Appliance according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised thereby, that either the clamping ring or the clamping disc with spigot is arranged between two plates of the frame, which are firmly connected together.
23. Appliance according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised thereby, that the rope pulley or pulleys are retained at a frame which consist substantially of a single plate-shaped body with abutments and guides fastened on this body.
24. Appliance according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised thereby, that for the dimensioning and arrangement of the first and second abutments as well as of the outer and inner support surfaces of the clamping ring, the condition is additionally adhered to in restriction of the feature (m) according to claim 1 that the spacing x concerned is greater than .alpha. = 90°
in the angular range of the angle .alpha. from 0 to 90 degrees for the avoidance of a "reverse clamping" of the clamping ring.
in the angular range of the angle .alpha. from 0 to 90 degrees for the avoidance of a "reverse clamping" of the clamping ring.
25. Appliance according to claim 2 or 2 and 5, characterised thereby, that the feature according to claim 24 is applied appropriately.
26. Appliance according to claim 1 or 2, characterised thereby, that, the outer support surface is executed in the shape of a cylindrical shell.
27. Appliance according to claim 1 or 2, characterised thereby, that the outer support surface is executed toothed or corrugated.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19893913154 DE3913154A1 (en) | 1989-04-21 | 1989-04-21 | BOTTLE ACCESSIBLE RESCUE DEVICE FOR LOWERING PERSONS FROM OR FROM CONSTRUCTIONS, e.g. As an aid to escape when there is a danger to life |
| DEP3913154.8 | 1989-04-21 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2053292A1 true CA2053292A1 (en) | 1990-10-22 |
Family
ID=6379160
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2053292 Abandoned CA2053292A1 (en) | 1989-04-21 | 1990-04-19 | Rescue appliance for lowering persons from or out of buildings |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2053292A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3913154A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1990012620A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NO175887C (en) * | 1989-12-20 | 1997-11-25 | Per Klokseth | Apparatus for demolishing persons from buildings and the like. |
| AU3921695A (en) * | 1995-11-06 | 1997-05-29 | Rollgliss Ag | Winch for rope hoisting and lowering devices |
| CN110420401A (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2019-11-08 | 南通职业大学 | Escapement driven type escape device for high-rise buildings |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE452951B (en) * | 1986-11-24 | 1988-01-04 | Per Klokseth | DEVICE ON A LIFE LINE |
-
1989
- 1989-04-21 DE DE19893913154 patent/DE3913154A1/en not_active Ceased
-
1990
- 1990-04-19 WO PCT/NO1990/000068 patent/WO1990012620A1/en active Application Filing
- 1990-04-19 CA CA 2053292 patent/CA2053292A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1990012620A1 (en) | 1990-11-01 |
| DE3913154A1 (en) | 1990-10-25 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Dead |