CA2044675A1 - Electric surface-heating element - Google Patents
Electric surface-heating elementInfo
- Publication number
- CA2044675A1 CA2044675A1 CA002044675A CA2044675A CA2044675A1 CA 2044675 A1 CA2044675 A1 CA 2044675A1 CA 002044675 A CA002044675 A CA 002044675A CA 2044675 A CA2044675 A CA 2044675A CA 2044675 A1 CA2044675 A1 CA 2044675A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- heating
- conductors
- heating element
- knitted fabric
- electric surface
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009958 sewing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001111 Fine metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009940 knitting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
- H05B3/342—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heaters used in textiles
- H05B3/345—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heaters used in textiles knitted fabrics
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04B—KNITTING
- D04B21/00—Warp knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
- D04B21/10—Open-work fabrics
- D04B21/12—Open-work fabrics characterised by thread material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
- H05B2203/003—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using serpentine layout
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
- H05B2203/005—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using multiple resistive elements or resistive zones isolated from each other
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/011—Heaters using laterally extending conductive material as connecting means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/014—Heaters using resistive wires or cables not provided for in H05B3/54
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/029—Heaters specially adapted for seat warmers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
- Y02P70/62—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product related technologies for production or treatment of textile or flexible materials or products thereof, including footwear
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
- Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
An electric surface-heating element is composed of net-like knitted fabric having heating conductors and contact conductors connected to the ends of the heating conductors.
The heating conductors run essentially parallel to one another and are firmly bound at intervals into the structure of the textile knitted fabric in such a way that they run in a wavy manner and are linked to the intersections of the fabric thread meshes generally at the points of the wave axis. The contact çonductors which run essentially perpendicularly to the heating conductors are bound into the knitted fabric in that they run past the textile yarn or replace the textile base material partially or completely over a number of directly adjacent courses. The surface-heating element is simple and cheap to produce, can be deformed two-dimensionally and three-dimensionally and is adaptable, and offers a high degree of safety from fire and immunity to damage.
An electric surface-heating element is composed of net-like knitted fabric having heating conductors and contact conductors connected to the ends of the heating conductors.
The heating conductors run essentially parallel to one another and are firmly bound at intervals into the structure of the textile knitted fabric in such a way that they run in a wavy manner and are linked to the intersections of the fabric thread meshes generally at the points of the wave axis. The contact çonductors which run essentially perpendicularly to the heating conductors are bound into the knitted fabric in that they run past the textile yarn or replace the textile base material partially or completely over a number of directly adjacent courses. The surface-heating element is simple and cheap to produce, can be deformed two-dimensionally and three-dimensionally and is adaptable, and offers a high degree of safety from fire and immunity to damage.
Description
20~4675 ELECTRIC 81~ CE-iIEA~ING ELEMENT
Bac1caroun~ of the Inventi~n The inventiOn relates to an electric surface-heating element of net-like knitted fabric, having heating conductors, and contact conductors connected to the ends of the heating conductors and contact conductors, connected to the ends of the heating conductors, the heating conductors running generally parallel to one another and being firmly bound at the intervals into the structure of the textile knitted fabric. The contact conductors run generally perpendicularly to the heating conductors and are bound into the knitted fabric in that they run past the textile yarn or replace the textile base material partially or completely over a number of directly adjacent courses. Such a surface-heating element is known from German Offenlegungss~hrift 3,415,596.
Usually, surface-heating elements for the said use are produced by sewing or sticking a heating conductor, laid in a zig-zagging or meandering manner, onto or between suitable textiles or foams, the laying pattern having to be adapted to the respective shape and conditions to which it is to be subjected.
Moreover, complete different constructions are necessary for the various ways of binding the surface heating element into the article to be heated. The following may be mentioned just by way of example for the field of car seat heating: pushing an element between upholstery covering 20~4~7~
material and upholstery: sewing the element into the covering material, sticking the element onto the upholstery; and foaming the element into the upper side of the foam cushion or into the foam/covering material composite.
The following are major disadvantages of known surface-heating elements:
- the construction is specific to particular individual applications with consequent high production outlay;
10~ - the risk of failure of the complete heating element if the heating conductor is interrupted locally due to force or fatigue;
- the fire risk posed by a) partial mechanical damage to the heating conductor in operation due to local overheating which may lead to melting-through of the normal metal heating conductor;
b) the inadequate deformability of the heating element in some cases, which can result in local overheating of the heating element due to folding; and c) partial detachment of the adhesion fixing the heating conductors due to thermal or mechanical stress, which can result in slipping of the heating conductors, which thereby come to lie immediately next to or on top of one another and consequently cause local overheating.
To reduce the production outlay and the risk of slipping, it is known from Swiss Patent 200,025 to bind a long heating conductor firmly into the textile knitted fabric directly by weft insertion. However, this surface heating element cannot be three-dimensionally deformed to an adequate extent.
': ' -, 20~67~
This requirement is better met by the surface-heating element known form German Auslegesschrift 1,168,157, in which the heating conductors run through a knitted fabric in a wavy or sinusoidal manner as warp threads.
In order to avoid the disadvantages arising from use of just one long heating conductor, German Offenlegungsschrift 2,445,334 discloses a surface-heating element of fabric in which the fabric edges running in the warp direction are designed as electric contact strips and certain weft threads are designed as heating conductors. However, the fabrics cannot be deformed to an adequate extent.
The net-like surface-heating element known from German Offenlegungsschrift 3,416,596 and described above overcomes the disadvantage of the lack of deformability by its net-like structure of knitted fabric, the entire net consisting of resistance material and the contact conductors being formed by a plurality of parallel wires or stranded wires in the edge region of the surface-heating element.
However, this surface-heating element is relatively expensive in production and, moreover, it is not possible to adapt the heating output and heating output distribution to the requirements of the respective application. For example, the heat transfer is better on car seats, due to the higher loading, than in the region of the arm rest, so that a higher specific heating output per unit area is necessary there.
It is known per se from German Offenlegungsschriften 2,440,428 and 1,765,502 to use metallically or electrically conducting synthetic fibers of various base materials as heating conductors, which receive their electric properties partly by appropriate coatings and admixtures to the base material. These fibers may also have a positive temperature coefficient.
20~67~
summarY of the Invention The object of the invention is to provide an electric surface-heating element which is simple and cheap to produce, can be readily deformed three-dimensionally, can withstand continuous stress, is formulated to eliminate the risk of fire and can be adapted in an easy way to the respective application.
According to the invention, this object is achieved by the heating conductors on the electric surface-heating element described at the beginning being bound-in, i.e., secured into the fabric of the element in such a way that they run in wavy manner and are linked to the intersections of the fabric meshes generally at the points of the wave axis.
The surface-heating element according to the invention can be produced simply and cheaply as yard ware, which is subsequently cut up into a plurality of individual webs, with the contact conductors running next to one another being severed. Since the heating conductors are fastened to the knitted fabric in a meandering or wavy manner, the surface-heating element according to the invention can be stretched, compressed and deformed perpendicularly to its sur~ace virtually at will within broad limits. Nevertheless, the heating conductors are securely held, so that short-circuits are prevented. It also does not cause any harm if individual heating conductors are severed by external force being applied, since the neighboring heating conductors generate sufficient heat. Because according to the invention, the heating conductors are linked to the intersections of the fabrics substantially only at the points of the wave axis, the heating conductor has a greater degree of freedom than in the case of fastening at a plurality or many points of the wave path, as is known for example from German Auslegesschrift 1,186,157.
- 20~467~
s In a preferred embodiment, the heating conductors are bound at a regular intervals into the structure of the textlle knitted fabric.
The heating conductors are preferably composed of metal or electrically conducting plastics material, the electric resistance of the heating conductors preferably having a positive temperature coefficient.
The contact conductors are preferably composed of metal wire or metallic stranded wires.
~ In a further preferred embodiment, the textile knitted fabric is composed at least partially of thermally fixable synthetic yarn.
- Heating output and heating output distribution are preferably set by interrupting individual heating conductors and/or individual or all contact conductors at certain points.
Brie~ Descr~Dtion of the Drawin~
Exemplary embodiments of the surface-heating element according to the invention are explained with reference to the drawings, in which:
Figure 1 shows a perspective view of an electric surface-heating element according to the invention.
Figure 2 illustrates a plan view of part of the surface-heating element of Figure 1.
Figure 3 shows a partial view of another embodiment of the surface-heating element according to the invention.
Figure 4 shows an expanded partial view of a more specific embodiment of the surface-heating element.
Figure 5 shows a car seat provided with an electric surface-heating element according to the invention.
Descri~tlon of the Preferre~ Embo~iments The surface-heating element shown in Figure 1 comprises textile knitted fabric 1, preferably of warp-knitted fabric of suitable construction and structure, for ,~
20~5~
example, in tricot or cloth filet of a four-course, six-course or eight-course structure. This flexible and material-saving base material has a structure similar to a net having four-cornered, six-cornered or eight-cornered meshes.
Suitable synthetic fiber yarns are chosen as the material.
At defined intervals, for example, equivalent to the width of the surface to be heated, a plurality of adjacent synthetic fiber yarns are replaced by yarns conducting at low resistance of metal or a metal/synthetic fiber mixture and, if need be,~the knitting structure is changed to a greater density. The longitudinal strips thus produced in the knitted fabric constitute the contact conductors 2. The actual electric heating conductors 3 are introduced into the knitted fabric l substantially perpendicularly to these contact strips, for example, by offset (Fig. 2) or straight weft insertion. It is important that the heating conductors 3 are thereby brought into the wave-shaped or meander-shaped position necessary for the flexibility of the overall surface-heating element and are definitely fixed at very many points by firmly binding into the structure of the base material 1 and made to establish redundant contact at the contact strips.
In the case of a net-like design of the base material l, the binding-in of the heating conductors to the fabric is preferably carried out at the intersections with the fabric threads 6, as seen in Fig. 3. The contact conductors 2 are connected to connecting terminals 11 (Fig. 1).
Figure 4 shows more closely the binding-in of the heating conductors 3 at the intersections of the base material. As shown in Fig. 4, the threads 6, 7 are loop-shaped, and inters~ the heating conductor at about the axis,or center baseline of the approximately sinusoidal heating conductor.
Alternatively, in a different embodiment likewise understood by reference to Fig. 4, the contact conductors may extend throughout the fabric in the same way as illustrated ~0~4675 for the heating conductors 3. Some of the looped threads 7 of the knitted fabric, shown drawn in black, are themselves heating conductors. In the case of this embodiment, the heating conductors are given high impedance, whereas the contact conductors can, in a wide variety of patterns, be interrupted or alternately connected to the power source.
The heating conductors 3 are themselves preferably composed of electrically conducting synthetic fibers or synthetic yarns with or without PCT effect, or of synthetic yarns to which fine metal wires have been admixed.
The surface-heating element according to the invention meets the requirements for good three-dimensional deformability and flexibility by its constructional design, in which in particular the electrically conducting elements are not subjected to tensile stress but only to flexural and torsional stress.
The requirement for high operational reliability is achieved by the redundant design in the region of the contact strips and by multiplicity of individual electrical heating conductors 3 connected substantially parallel to one another.
As a result, the fire risk, in particular when using heating elements of electrically conducting plastics, is also considerably reduced.
The surface-heating element according to the invention is versatile in use and can be adapted virtually at will to the respective requirements. If the specific surface-heating output is originally too high, it can be reduced very simply by individual heating conductors 3 being cut or otherwise interrupted (at 4 in Fig. 1), or the contact conductors can be interrupted for the purpose of parallel or series connection.
In the case of car-seat heating applications, moreover, all the heating elements are interrupted in the region of the seat recesses 5 (Fig. 5), i.e., the surface-heating output is reduced to zero at locally defined places.
- 20~675 The surface-heating element is adapted to the specific geometry of the particular use by a knitted fabric blank having at least two contact strips and of suitable length being deformed two-dimensionally or three-dimensionally within the limits of its flexibility andthermally fixed in this position (Fig. 5).
A heating element thus adapted in output and geometry is suitable for all known types of fitting in car seats. It is made particularly suitable by the net-like basic structure and the fixing in the required three-dimensional geometry for all types of foaming technique in the case of car-seat heating applications.
Bac1caroun~ of the Inventi~n The inventiOn relates to an electric surface-heating element of net-like knitted fabric, having heating conductors, and contact conductors connected to the ends of the heating conductors and contact conductors, connected to the ends of the heating conductors, the heating conductors running generally parallel to one another and being firmly bound at the intervals into the structure of the textile knitted fabric. The contact conductors run generally perpendicularly to the heating conductors and are bound into the knitted fabric in that they run past the textile yarn or replace the textile base material partially or completely over a number of directly adjacent courses. Such a surface-heating element is known from German Offenlegungss~hrift 3,415,596.
Usually, surface-heating elements for the said use are produced by sewing or sticking a heating conductor, laid in a zig-zagging or meandering manner, onto or between suitable textiles or foams, the laying pattern having to be adapted to the respective shape and conditions to which it is to be subjected.
Moreover, complete different constructions are necessary for the various ways of binding the surface heating element into the article to be heated. The following may be mentioned just by way of example for the field of car seat heating: pushing an element between upholstery covering 20~4~7~
material and upholstery: sewing the element into the covering material, sticking the element onto the upholstery; and foaming the element into the upper side of the foam cushion or into the foam/covering material composite.
The following are major disadvantages of known surface-heating elements:
- the construction is specific to particular individual applications with consequent high production outlay;
10~ - the risk of failure of the complete heating element if the heating conductor is interrupted locally due to force or fatigue;
- the fire risk posed by a) partial mechanical damage to the heating conductor in operation due to local overheating which may lead to melting-through of the normal metal heating conductor;
b) the inadequate deformability of the heating element in some cases, which can result in local overheating of the heating element due to folding; and c) partial detachment of the adhesion fixing the heating conductors due to thermal or mechanical stress, which can result in slipping of the heating conductors, which thereby come to lie immediately next to or on top of one another and consequently cause local overheating.
To reduce the production outlay and the risk of slipping, it is known from Swiss Patent 200,025 to bind a long heating conductor firmly into the textile knitted fabric directly by weft insertion. However, this surface heating element cannot be three-dimensionally deformed to an adequate extent.
': ' -, 20~67~
This requirement is better met by the surface-heating element known form German Auslegesschrift 1,168,157, in which the heating conductors run through a knitted fabric in a wavy or sinusoidal manner as warp threads.
In order to avoid the disadvantages arising from use of just one long heating conductor, German Offenlegungsschrift 2,445,334 discloses a surface-heating element of fabric in which the fabric edges running in the warp direction are designed as electric contact strips and certain weft threads are designed as heating conductors. However, the fabrics cannot be deformed to an adequate extent.
The net-like surface-heating element known from German Offenlegungsschrift 3,416,596 and described above overcomes the disadvantage of the lack of deformability by its net-like structure of knitted fabric, the entire net consisting of resistance material and the contact conductors being formed by a plurality of parallel wires or stranded wires in the edge region of the surface-heating element.
However, this surface-heating element is relatively expensive in production and, moreover, it is not possible to adapt the heating output and heating output distribution to the requirements of the respective application. For example, the heat transfer is better on car seats, due to the higher loading, than in the region of the arm rest, so that a higher specific heating output per unit area is necessary there.
It is known per se from German Offenlegungsschriften 2,440,428 and 1,765,502 to use metallically or electrically conducting synthetic fibers of various base materials as heating conductors, which receive their electric properties partly by appropriate coatings and admixtures to the base material. These fibers may also have a positive temperature coefficient.
20~67~
summarY of the Invention The object of the invention is to provide an electric surface-heating element which is simple and cheap to produce, can be readily deformed three-dimensionally, can withstand continuous stress, is formulated to eliminate the risk of fire and can be adapted in an easy way to the respective application.
According to the invention, this object is achieved by the heating conductors on the electric surface-heating element described at the beginning being bound-in, i.e., secured into the fabric of the element in such a way that they run in wavy manner and are linked to the intersections of the fabric meshes generally at the points of the wave axis.
The surface-heating element according to the invention can be produced simply and cheaply as yard ware, which is subsequently cut up into a plurality of individual webs, with the contact conductors running next to one another being severed. Since the heating conductors are fastened to the knitted fabric in a meandering or wavy manner, the surface-heating element according to the invention can be stretched, compressed and deformed perpendicularly to its sur~ace virtually at will within broad limits. Nevertheless, the heating conductors are securely held, so that short-circuits are prevented. It also does not cause any harm if individual heating conductors are severed by external force being applied, since the neighboring heating conductors generate sufficient heat. Because according to the invention, the heating conductors are linked to the intersections of the fabrics substantially only at the points of the wave axis, the heating conductor has a greater degree of freedom than in the case of fastening at a plurality or many points of the wave path, as is known for example from German Auslegesschrift 1,186,157.
- 20~467~
s In a preferred embodiment, the heating conductors are bound at a regular intervals into the structure of the textlle knitted fabric.
The heating conductors are preferably composed of metal or electrically conducting plastics material, the electric resistance of the heating conductors preferably having a positive temperature coefficient.
The contact conductors are preferably composed of metal wire or metallic stranded wires.
~ In a further preferred embodiment, the textile knitted fabric is composed at least partially of thermally fixable synthetic yarn.
- Heating output and heating output distribution are preferably set by interrupting individual heating conductors and/or individual or all contact conductors at certain points.
Brie~ Descr~Dtion of the Drawin~
Exemplary embodiments of the surface-heating element according to the invention are explained with reference to the drawings, in which:
Figure 1 shows a perspective view of an electric surface-heating element according to the invention.
Figure 2 illustrates a plan view of part of the surface-heating element of Figure 1.
Figure 3 shows a partial view of another embodiment of the surface-heating element according to the invention.
Figure 4 shows an expanded partial view of a more specific embodiment of the surface-heating element.
Figure 5 shows a car seat provided with an electric surface-heating element according to the invention.
Descri~tlon of the Preferre~ Embo~iments The surface-heating element shown in Figure 1 comprises textile knitted fabric 1, preferably of warp-knitted fabric of suitable construction and structure, for ,~
20~5~
example, in tricot or cloth filet of a four-course, six-course or eight-course structure. This flexible and material-saving base material has a structure similar to a net having four-cornered, six-cornered or eight-cornered meshes.
Suitable synthetic fiber yarns are chosen as the material.
At defined intervals, for example, equivalent to the width of the surface to be heated, a plurality of adjacent synthetic fiber yarns are replaced by yarns conducting at low resistance of metal or a metal/synthetic fiber mixture and, if need be,~the knitting structure is changed to a greater density. The longitudinal strips thus produced in the knitted fabric constitute the contact conductors 2. The actual electric heating conductors 3 are introduced into the knitted fabric l substantially perpendicularly to these contact strips, for example, by offset (Fig. 2) or straight weft insertion. It is important that the heating conductors 3 are thereby brought into the wave-shaped or meander-shaped position necessary for the flexibility of the overall surface-heating element and are definitely fixed at very many points by firmly binding into the structure of the base material 1 and made to establish redundant contact at the contact strips.
In the case of a net-like design of the base material l, the binding-in of the heating conductors to the fabric is preferably carried out at the intersections with the fabric threads 6, as seen in Fig. 3. The contact conductors 2 are connected to connecting terminals 11 (Fig. 1).
Figure 4 shows more closely the binding-in of the heating conductors 3 at the intersections of the base material. As shown in Fig. 4, the threads 6, 7 are loop-shaped, and inters~ the heating conductor at about the axis,or center baseline of the approximately sinusoidal heating conductor.
Alternatively, in a different embodiment likewise understood by reference to Fig. 4, the contact conductors may extend throughout the fabric in the same way as illustrated ~0~4675 for the heating conductors 3. Some of the looped threads 7 of the knitted fabric, shown drawn in black, are themselves heating conductors. In the case of this embodiment, the heating conductors are given high impedance, whereas the contact conductors can, in a wide variety of patterns, be interrupted or alternately connected to the power source.
The heating conductors 3 are themselves preferably composed of electrically conducting synthetic fibers or synthetic yarns with or without PCT effect, or of synthetic yarns to which fine metal wires have been admixed.
The surface-heating element according to the invention meets the requirements for good three-dimensional deformability and flexibility by its constructional design, in which in particular the electrically conducting elements are not subjected to tensile stress but only to flexural and torsional stress.
The requirement for high operational reliability is achieved by the redundant design in the region of the contact strips and by multiplicity of individual electrical heating conductors 3 connected substantially parallel to one another.
As a result, the fire risk, in particular when using heating elements of electrically conducting plastics, is also considerably reduced.
The surface-heating element according to the invention is versatile in use and can be adapted virtually at will to the respective requirements. If the specific surface-heating output is originally too high, it can be reduced very simply by individual heating conductors 3 being cut or otherwise interrupted (at 4 in Fig. 1), or the contact conductors can be interrupted for the purpose of parallel or series connection.
In the case of car-seat heating applications, moreover, all the heating elements are interrupted in the region of the seat recesses 5 (Fig. 5), i.e., the surface-heating output is reduced to zero at locally defined places.
- 20~675 The surface-heating element is adapted to the specific geometry of the particular use by a knitted fabric blank having at least two contact strips and of suitable length being deformed two-dimensionally or three-dimensionally within the limits of its flexibility andthermally fixed in this position (Fig. 5).
A heating element thus adapted in output and geometry is suitable for all known types of fitting in car seats. It is made particularly suitable by the net-like basic structure and the fixing in the required three-dimensional geometry for all types of foaming technique in the case of car-seat heating applications.
Claims (8)
1. An electric surface-heating element of net-like knitted fabric, having heating conductors and contact conductors, connected to the ends of the heating conductors, the heating conductors running generally parallel to one another and being firmly bound at intervals into the structure of the textile knitted fabric, the contact conductors running generally perpendicularly to the heating conductors and being bound into the knitted fabric, characterized in that the heating conductors are bound-in in such a way that they run in a wavy manner, and said heating conductors are linked to intersections of the fabric substantially on at points of the wave axis of each said wavy conductor.
2. An electric surface-heating element according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating conductors are bound at regular intervals into the structure of the textile knitted fabric.
3. An electric surface-heating element according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating conductors are composed of metal or electrically conducting plastics material.
4. An electric surface-heating element according to claim 3, characterized in that the electrical resistance of the heating conductors has a positive temperature coefficient.
5. An electric surface-heating element according to claim 1, characterized in that the contact conductors are composed of metal wire or metallic stranded wires.
6. An electric surface-heating element according to claim 1, characterized in that the textile knitted fabric is composed at least partially of thermally fixable synthetic yarn.
7. An electric surface-heating element according to claim 1, characterized in that individual heating conductors are interrupted at selected points, thereby setting the heating output and heating output distribution of said element.
8. An electric surface-heating element according to claim 1, characterized in that selected contact conductors are interrupted at selected points, thereby setting the heating output and heating output distribution of said element.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4020580A DE4020580A1 (en) | 1990-06-28 | 1990-06-28 | ELECTRIC SURFACE HEATING ELEMENT |
| DEP4020580.0 | 1990-06-28 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2044675A1 true CA2044675A1 (en) | 1991-12-29 |
Family
ID=6409253
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002044675A Abandoned CA2044675A1 (en) | 1990-06-28 | 1991-06-14 | Electric surface-heating element |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0463516B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH04248286A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2044675A1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4020580A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2093049T3 (en) |
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| US7759264B2 (en) | 2006-07-25 | 2010-07-20 | Carl Freudenberg Kg | Textile sheet, method for manufacturing same, and use |
| US20130168382A1 (en) * | 2011-05-20 | 2013-07-04 | Hokuriku S.T.R. Cooperative | Planar heating body |
| US11364153B2 (en) | 2015-04-08 | 2022-06-21 | Lts Lohmann Therapie-System Ag | Electrically-heatable plaster |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2934046B2 (en) * | 1991-03-22 | 1999-08-16 | 帝人株式会社 | Tire warmer |
| DE4122363C1 (en) * | 1991-07-05 | 1992-09-24 | Waerme- Und Elektrotechnik B. Ruthenberg Gmbh, 8000 Muenchen, De | |
| ATE151941T1 (en) * | 1991-09-11 | 1997-05-15 | Tecnit Gmbh | ELECTRIC HEATING ELEMENT |
| DE4136425C2 (en) * | 1991-11-05 | 2002-01-24 | Bauerhin I G Elektro Tech | Surface heating element and method for its production |
| DE4142774A1 (en) * | 1991-12-23 | 1993-07-01 | Bauerhin I G Elektro Tech | SURFACE HEATING ELEMENT AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
| DE4233118A1 (en) * | 1992-10-02 | 1994-01-20 | Daimler Benz Ag | Flexible electric heating element esp for motor vehicle seat - comprises woven blanket or resistive fibres with electrode contact wires laid along or around its edges |
| DE4239068C2 (en) * | 1992-11-20 | 1996-03-14 | Peter Rickerl | Spacer fabrics for padding |
| US5723845A (en) * | 1996-02-23 | 1998-03-03 | Lear Corporation | Automotive seat with co-woven heating elements |
| AT407937B (en) * | 1998-02-03 | 2001-07-25 | Bauerhin I G Elektro Tech | FLEXIBLE SURFACE HEATING ELEMENT WITH ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTING CONTACT AND HEATING LADDERS |
| DE29802578U1 (en) | 1998-02-04 | 1998-06-10 | Petri Ag, 63743 Aschaffenburg | Heating element for a comprehensible part of a motor vehicle, in particular for the steering wheel |
| DE10112405B4 (en) * | 2000-03-27 | 2006-05-11 | I.G. Bauerhin Gmbh | panel heating |
| DE10055141C5 (en) * | 2000-11-07 | 2010-07-22 | I.G. Bauerhin Gmbh Elektrotechnische Fabrik | heating conductor |
| FR2820013B1 (en) * | 2001-01-31 | 2003-04-18 | Faurecia Sieges Automobile | SEAT POST FOR VEHICLE, AND VEHICLE SEAT COMPRISING SUCH A BOX |
| DE20108585U1 (en) * | 2001-05-21 | 2002-10-02 | RUBITHERM GmbH, 20457 Hamburg | Electric underfloor heating and thermal fuse |
| CN1596093A (en) * | 2001-11-30 | 2005-03-16 | 日高正宜 | Hot moxibustion unit |
| DE20308113U1 (en) * | 2003-05-23 | 2004-07-01 | Activline Gmbh & Co. Kg | A method for manufacturing flexible surface heating elements for motor vehicle seats has the usual electrical conducting mat connected to the voltage supply through tubular conductive leads |
| EA005463B1 (en) * | 2004-01-26 | 2005-02-24 | Шамиль Маматович Расулов | Plate-type electrical heater |
| WO2005089019A2 (en) | 2004-03-08 | 2005-09-22 | W.E.T. Automotive Systems Ag | Flat heating element |
| DE102004056737B4 (en) * | 2004-11-24 | 2008-05-08 | Kufner Textilwerke Gmbh | Textile surface heating element and method for its production |
| DE102005017197A1 (en) * | 2005-04-13 | 2006-10-19 | W.E.T. Automotive Systems Ag | Heating unit for heating three dimensional curved surface e.g. pipe, has conductor layer with two contact points, where layer comprises wrinkle free curved contour that corresponds to surface of end carrier |
| DE102005050459B3 (en) | 2005-10-19 | 2007-03-15 | I.G. Bauerhin Gmbh | Surface heating element for seat heater of motor vehicle seat, has conductor of higher conductivity running wave-like and meander-like and intersecting each of multiple steel filaments at several points |
| DE102006018063B3 (en) * | 2006-04-14 | 2007-08-09 | I.G. Bauerhin Gmbh Elektrotechnische Fabrik | Producing flat electric heating element, especially for automobile seats, from flexible textile support, electric contact leads and heating leads in mold with two pairs of jaws |
| DE102006021649C5 (en) | 2006-05-08 | 2013-10-02 | W.E.T. Automotive Systems Ag | Flat heating element |
| DE102006026047B4 (en) * | 2006-06-01 | 2015-06-11 | Gentherm Gmbh | Heating element, seat and vehicle with such |
| EP2140054A1 (en) * | 2007-03-28 | 2010-01-06 | Eng-Tex AB | Composite conducting material |
| DE202008003365U1 (en) | 2008-03-10 | 2009-07-16 | Voss Automotive Gmbh | Heatable fluid line |
| JP2007305603A (en) * | 2007-07-31 | 2007-11-22 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Surface heater, and vehicle seat, sofa, and surface heater using the surface heater as a heat source for heating |
| GB0721547D0 (en) * | 2007-11-01 | 2007-12-12 | Heat Trace Ltd | Self-regulating electrical heating cable |
| EP2232944A1 (en) * | 2007-12-10 | 2010-09-29 | Polartec Llc | System and method for providing an asymmetrically or symmetrically distributed multi/single zone woven heated fabric system having an integrated bus |
| DE102008034815A1 (en) | 2008-07-24 | 2010-02-04 | Cotexx Gmbh | Electrical surface heating element is sectionally formed as heating knitted fabric with flexible electrical heat conductor, where loop of heating knitted fabric, forms multiple knitting rows that are interlaced with each other |
| DE102008035057B4 (en) | 2008-07-26 | 2023-01-26 | Volkswagen Ag | Textile surface heating element |
| EP2204482A1 (en) * | 2009-01-06 | 2010-07-07 | MDB Texinov SA | Heating textile structure |
| JP5577864B2 (en) * | 2010-06-08 | 2014-08-27 | トヨタ紡織株式会社 | Heater member for chair and method for manufacturing the same |
| DE102011114949A1 (en) | 2010-10-19 | 2012-04-19 | W.E.T. Automotive Systems Ag | Electrical conductor |
| ES2393013B1 (en) * | 2011-05-19 | 2013-09-16 | Comersan S.A. | HEATING FABRIC. |
| EP2971307B1 (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2019-11-06 | Federal-Mogul Powertrain LLC | Warp knit wrappable sleeve with extendable electro-functional yarns and method of construction thereof |
| DE202013002630U1 (en) | 2013-03-19 | 2014-06-23 | Ute Seibt | Heating mat for lifts |
| JP2019139902A (en) * | 2018-02-08 | 2019-08-22 | 武村産業株式会社 | Planar heating element and solar light module |
| CN109722781B (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2021-05-14 | 天津工业大学 | A kind of electric heating fabric based on weft knitting structure and its weaving method |
Family Cites Families (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB596810A (en) * | 1945-05-14 | 1948-01-12 | Laurence Herbert Pearson | Improvements in electric blankets and the like |
| CH200025A (en) * | 1936-07-08 | 1938-09-30 | Charles Harris Alexander | Electrically heatable fabric. |
| DE867263C (en) * | 1948-02-18 | 1953-02-16 | Henry Herbert Goldstaub | Flexible electrical heating element |
| DE1186157B (en) * | 1957-06-13 | 1965-01-28 | Goodyear Tire & Rubber | Electric flexible heating element |
| US3472289A (en) * | 1966-11-10 | 1969-10-14 | Brunswick Corp | Heater fabric |
| NL134709C (en) * | 1966-12-16 | |||
| US3513297A (en) * | 1967-05-31 | 1970-05-19 | Gulton Ind Inc | Heat radiating articles |
| DE2110632A1 (en) * | 1971-03-05 | 1972-09-14 | Erich Sticht | Automotive seat heating |
| NL7315574A (en) * | 1973-11-14 | 1975-05-16 | Benoit De La Bretoniere Andre | TISSUE. |
| GB1525851A (en) * | 1974-08-22 | 1978-09-20 | Isopad Ltd | Electrical heater device |
| DE2440428A1 (en) * | 1974-08-23 | 1976-03-04 | Int Uni Heat Anstalt | Electrically conductive synthetic fibrous textile matl. - has carbon particles embedded in fibres, particles adhering to matrix without binder |
| US4063069A (en) * | 1976-03-03 | 1977-12-13 | Menachem Peeri | Electrically heatable floor carpet |
| US4245149A (en) * | 1979-04-10 | 1981-01-13 | Fairlie Ian F | Heating system for chairs |
| JPS59224089A (en) * | 1983-06-02 | 1984-12-15 | 佐藤 亮拿 | Heating insulator by mesh circuit |
| SE445818B (en) * | 1984-02-23 | 1986-07-21 | Tachikawa Spring Co | FORDONSSETE |
| US4590359A (en) * | 1984-04-26 | 1986-05-20 | Moebius Ulrich | Heating for a car seat |
| DE3425798C1 (en) * | 1984-07-13 | 1985-10-24 | Audi AG, 8070 Ingolstadt | Vehicle seat with an electric radiator |
| DE3513909A1 (en) * | 1985-04-17 | 1986-10-23 | Becker Autoradiowerk Gmbh, 7516 Karlsbad | Electric heater and process for its production |
| JPS6317465U (en) * | 1986-07-18 | 1988-02-05 | ||
| JPH0795467B2 (en) * | 1986-11-28 | 1995-10-11 | 日本電熱株式会社 | Method for manufacturing sheet heating element |
-
1990
- 1990-06-28 DE DE4020580A patent/DE4020580A1/en not_active Ceased
-
1991
- 1991-06-14 DE DE59108135T patent/DE59108135D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-06-14 ES ES91109817T patent/ES2093049T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-06-14 CA CA002044675A patent/CA2044675A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-06-14 EP EP91109817A patent/EP0463516B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-06-27 JP JP3182967A patent/JPH04248286A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7759264B2 (en) | 2006-07-25 | 2010-07-20 | Carl Freudenberg Kg | Textile sheet, method for manufacturing same, and use |
| US20130168382A1 (en) * | 2011-05-20 | 2013-07-04 | Hokuriku S.T.R. Cooperative | Planar heating body |
| EP2608630A4 (en) * | 2011-05-20 | 2014-10-01 | Hokuriku S T R Cooperative | Planar heating body |
| US11364153B2 (en) | 2015-04-08 | 2022-06-21 | Lts Lohmann Therapie-System Ag | Electrically-heatable plaster |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0463516A2 (en) | 1992-01-02 |
| EP0463516B1 (en) | 1996-09-04 |
| DE59108135D1 (en) | 1996-10-10 |
| DE4020580A1 (en) | 1992-01-09 |
| EP0463516A3 (en) | 1993-01-20 |
| ES2093049T3 (en) | 1996-12-16 |
| JPH04248286A (en) | 1992-09-03 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Dead |