CA2034244C - Compositions detergentes et procede de preparation connexe - Google Patents
Compositions detergentes et procede de preparation connexeInfo
- Publication number
- CA2034244C CA2034244C CA002034244A CA2034244A CA2034244C CA 2034244 C CA2034244 C CA 2034244C CA 002034244 A CA002034244 A CA 002034244A CA 2034244 A CA2034244 A CA 2034244A CA 2034244 C CA2034244 C CA 2034244C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- granulator
- speed mixer
- mixer
- water
- particulate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 44
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract description 42
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 20
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 8
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000632 Alusil Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 235000010724 Wisteria floribunda Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920005646 polycarboxylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001397173 Kali <angiosperm> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000005139 Lycium andersonii Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000503 Na-aluminosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfobutanedioic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006243 acrylic copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000318 alkali metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000028462 aluminosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108010082365 neuronal interleukin-16 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014366 other mixer Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920005996 polystyrene-poly(ethylene-butylene)-polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003138 primary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005549 size reduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000429 sodium aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012217 sodium aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D11/00—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents
- C11D11/04—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents by chemical means, e.g. by sulfonating in the presence of other compounding ingredients followed by neutralising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/06—Powder; Flakes; Free-flowing mixtures; Sheets
- C11D17/065—High-density particulate detergent compositions
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB9001285.7 | 1990-01-19 | ||
| GB909001285A GB9001285D0 (en) | 1990-01-19 | 1990-01-19 | Detergent compositions and process for preparing them |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2034244A1 CA2034244A1 (fr) | 1991-07-20 |
| CA2034244C true CA2034244C (fr) | 1999-11-30 |
Family
ID=10669596
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002034244A Expired - Fee Related CA2034244C (fr) | 1990-01-19 | 1991-01-16 | Compositions detergentes et procede de preparation connexe |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0438320A3 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2918710B2 (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR960000207B1 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU640979B2 (fr) |
| BR (1) | BR9100127A (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2034244C (fr) |
| GB (1) | GB9001285D0 (fr) |
| IN (1) | IN171897B (fr) |
| MY (1) | MY107892A (fr) |
| TR (1) | TR27438A (fr) |
| ZA (1) | ZA91385B (fr) |
Families Citing this family (26)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3192469B2 (ja) * | 1991-05-17 | 2001-07-30 | 花王株式会社 | ノニオン洗剤粒子の製造方法 |
| DE69220773T2 (de) * | 1992-02-14 | 1998-02-12 | Procter & Gamble | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Detergenskörnchen durch Neutralisation von Sulfonsäuren |
| US5486317A (en) * | 1992-02-14 | 1996-01-23 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Process for making detergent granules by neutralization of sulphonic acids |
| AU673926B2 (en) * | 1993-07-13 | 1996-11-28 | Colgate-Palmolive Company, The | Process for preparing detergent composition having high bulk density |
| GB9324129D0 (en) † | 1993-11-24 | 1994-01-12 | Unilever Plc | Detergent compositions and process for preparing them |
| DK0663439T3 (da) * | 1994-01-17 | 2000-09-18 | Procter & Gamble | Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af detergentgranulat |
| US5703037A (en) * | 1994-04-20 | 1997-12-30 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Process for the manufacture of free-flowing detergent granules |
| ES2152286T3 (es) * | 1994-04-20 | 2001-02-01 | Procter & Gamble | Procedimiento de fabricacion de granulos de detergente que fluyen libremente. |
| US5565137A (en) * | 1994-05-20 | 1996-10-15 | The Proctor & Gamble Co. | Process for making a high density detergent composition from starting detergent ingredients |
| TW326472B (en) * | 1994-08-12 | 1998-02-11 | Kao Corp | Method for producing nonionic detergent granules |
| US5573697A (en) * | 1995-05-31 | 1996-11-12 | Riddick; Eric F. | Process for making high active, high density detergent granules |
| GB9526097D0 (en) * | 1995-12-20 | 1996-02-21 | Unilever Plc | Process |
| DE69709726T3 (de) * | 1996-04-17 | 2006-03-16 | The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati | Verfahren zur herstellung von reinigungsmittel mit hoher dichte unter verwendung einer hochwirksamen tensidpaste mit verbesserter stabilität |
| TW462987B (en) * | 1996-08-26 | 2001-11-11 | Kao Corp | Method for producing high-bulk density detergent composition |
| DE19700776A1 (de) * | 1997-01-13 | 1998-07-16 | Henkel Kgaa | Granulares Waschmittel mit verbessertem Fettauswaschvermögen |
| GB9711359D0 (en) * | 1997-05-30 | 1997-07-30 | Unilever Plc | Detergent powder composition |
| AU724226B2 (en) | 1997-05-30 | 2000-09-14 | Unilever Plc | Free-flowing particulate detergent compositions |
| DE19822941A1 (de) * | 1998-05-22 | 1999-11-25 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln |
| DE19844523A1 (de) | 1998-09-29 | 2000-03-30 | Henkel Kgaa | Granulationsverfahren |
| EP1124931A1 (fr) * | 1998-10-28 | 2001-08-22 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Procede de preparation d'une composition detergente a ecoulement facile |
| US6576605B1 (en) | 1998-10-28 | 2003-06-10 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Process for making a free flowing detergent composition |
| DE10163603B4 (de) | 2001-12-21 | 2006-05-04 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur Herstellung builderhaltiger Tensidgranulate |
| DE10232304B4 (de) * | 2002-07-17 | 2005-10-27 | Henkel Kgaa | Neutralisation im Mischer |
| CN1678726B (zh) | 2002-09-06 | 2010-10-06 | 花王株式会社 | 洗涤剂颗粒 |
| EP1832648A1 (fr) * | 2006-03-08 | 2007-09-12 | Unilever Plc | Composition de détergent à lessive et procédé |
| WO2011061045A1 (fr) * | 2009-11-20 | 2011-05-26 | Unilever Nv | Granulé de détergent et son procédé de fabrication |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ZA72295B (en) * | 1971-02-01 | 1973-09-26 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Method for neutralization of detergent acid |
| GB2209172A (en) * | 1987-08-28 | 1989-05-04 | Unilever Plc | Preparation of solid particulate components for detergents |
| GB8810193D0 (en) * | 1988-04-29 | 1988-06-02 | Unilever Plc | Detergent compositions & process for preparing them |
| CA1337513C (fr) * | 1988-07-21 | 1995-11-07 | Michael William Hollingsworth | Compositions detergentes et methode de preparation |
| IN170991B (fr) * | 1988-07-21 | 1992-06-27 | Lever Hindustan Ltd | |
| GB8818613D0 (en) * | 1988-08-05 | 1988-09-07 | Paterson Zochonis Uk Ltd | Detergents |
-
1990
- 1990-01-19 GB GB909001285A patent/GB9001285D0/en active Pending
-
1991
- 1991-01-14 BR BR919100127A patent/BR9100127A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-01-15 TR TR00028/91A patent/TR27438A/xx unknown
- 1991-01-15 IN IN17/BOM/91A patent/IN171897B/en unknown
- 1991-01-16 CA CA002034244A patent/CA2034244C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-01-16 AU AU69389/91A patent/AU640979B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1991-01-16 MY MYPI91000070A patent/MY107892A/en unknown
- 1991-01-18 JP JP3075544A patent/JP2918710B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-01-18 EP EP19910300422 patent/EP0438320A3/en not_active Ceased
- 1991-01-18 ZA ZA91385A patent/ZA91385B/xx unknown
- 1991-01-18 KR KR1019910000856A patent/KR960000207B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IN171897B (fr) | 1993-01-30 |
| EP0438320A2 (fr) | 1991-07-24 |
| KR910014499A (ko) | 1991-08-31 |
| AU640979B2 (en) | 1993-09-09 |
| BR9100127A (pt) | 1991-10-22 |
| TR27438A (tr) | 1995-05-24 |
| MY107892A (en) | 1996-06-29 |
| KR960000207B1 (ko) | 1996-01-03 |
| CA2034244A1 (fr) | 1991-07-20 |
| ZA91385B (en) | 1992-09-30 |
| AU6938991A (en) | 1991-07-25 |
| GB9001285D0 (en) | 1990-03-21 |
| JPH04363398A (ja) | 1992-12-16 |
| JP2918710B2 (ja) | 1999-07-12 |
| EP0438320A3 (en) | 1992-02-19 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |