CA2008136A1 - Process for the complex processing of fat-containing materials of plant or animal origin, particularly for preparing oily and/or fatty compositions and use of the products obtained - Google Patents

Abstract

PROCESS FOR THE COMPLEX PROCESSING OF FAT-CONTAINING
MATERIALS OF PLANT OR ANIMAL ORIGIN, PARTICULARLY FOR
PREPARING OILY AND/OR FATTY COMPOSITIONS AND USE OF
THE PRODUCTS OBTAINED

A b s t r a c t The process according to the invention comprises, streaming steam or vapours of acidic water preferably of water containing formic or carbonic acid, or vapours of an organic solvent through a dried, frozen or fresh material of plant and/or animal origin or their mixtures wherein the dry material is used in a pre-wetted form, or boiling the material with water, aqueous formic or carbonic acid solution, milk, sweet cream or with an organic solvent in a microwave oven and before or after the above treatment, if desired, adding additives commonly used to the material to be processed, and if desired extracting the mixture with water, with an aqueous solution or with water-miscible solvents, then treating the solid material by heat at 85 to 200 °C, optionally roasting it, and separating the oily or fatty phase from it in a manner known per se, e.g. by pressing, freezing, solvent extraction or centrifuging and, if desired, adding at least 5% of oil to the material to be processed before any step of the processing but by all means before separating the oily or fatty phase and, if desired, working up also the aqueous phase, carrying out also an oxidation for the recovery of amino acids and if desired transforming the oil and the product of the aqueous phase to compositions if desired by mixing them with further additives and active agents.
The thus obtained oils, oil powders, colouring substances, amino acid concentrates, vitamins and the like or the concentrates containing mixtures of the active ingredients, respectively can be used as ingredients in the food, paint and detergent industries, in therapeutics, cosmetics and fodders.

Description

PROCESS FOR THE COMPLEX PROCESSING OF FAT-CONTAINI~G
MATERIALS OF PLANT OR ANIMAL ORIGIN, PARTICULARLY FOR
PREPARING OILY AND/OR FATTY COMPOSITIONS AND USE OF THE
PRODUCTS OBTAINED

This invention relates to a process for the ~ -complex processing of fat-containing (i.e. oily or fatty) fresh, frozen or dried materials or their mixtures of ~ ", 10 plant or animal origin, particularly for preparing oily and/or fatty compositions as well as to the use of these compositions as ingredients in the food, paint and g detergent industries, therapeutics, cosmetics and fodders. - ~ -Oils and fats contain unsaturated fatty acids, 15 lecithin, phospholipids, choline and fat-soluble vitamins such as the vitamin E of antioxidant character, which inhibit the decomposition and rancidification of foods and preserve vitamins and fats. `~
The oils and fats being rich in unsaturated fatty ~ 9 20 acids, lecithin and vitamins protect the living organism, ; ~-~
contribute to maintain the protective capacity, protect and preserve the good state of blood vessels and epithelium and protect the skin from infections; they - ~ -exert an antiinflammatory action and play a role in the haemotopoiesis. Their supply is of particular importance for patients suffering from chronic diseases or from malnutrition; as well as for drug-abusers and convalescents; furthermore in the nutrition of children, old people and sportsmen.
According to the state of the art fats and oils have been recovered from fresh or roasted seeds by cold pressing or following a heat treatment by hot pressing or by solvent extraction /The Merck Index, Ninth Edition: an `~

67620-10257 GA-sch ;' . ,' - ' .

- 2 -Encyclopedia of Chemicals and Drugs, Merck and Co. Inc.
Rah~ay N. J. USA, 1976, pages 349, 6687, 6853, 7363, 8006, and 8502; M. Jaky et al.: Production Experience of Plant Oils and Animal Fats (in Hungarian), Élelmiszer-ipari Konyv és Lapkiado Vallalat, Budapest, 1952, page 209; E. W. Eckey: Vegetable Fats and Oils, Reinhold, .
New York, 1954, pages 200 to 250, 291 to 293, 535 to ~;
547 and 742 to 777).
In the course of cold pressing or solvent extrac-10 tion, poisonous or antinutritive substances can also ~ ;
get to the product; thus a further purification is needed whereby the quality of fat is deteriorated, less vitamin gets into the oil and the taste and colour of the oil are altered, the rancidification of the oil be-comes more rapid.
In the course of a heat-treatment, roasting or fermentation the colour and taste of the fat are also ^
altered and its protein content is also deteriorated.
In each case a further purification is necessary which is expensive and diminishes the biological value of the oil.
In various inventions it is set as an aim to increase the vitamin E content of the oil by adding ~
vitamin E or by improving the recovery of vitamin E ~ -from seeds in the processing of fats of plant and animal origin.
According to the Hungarian patent specification No. 181,040 fat-containing proteins of plant and animal origin are treated together on a high temperature under -a pressure of 1 to 2 atmospheres, the plant seeds are treated without roasting, then a hydration is carried out and a composition is prepared by flocculation which is a useful fodder ingredient. ~-According to the Hungarian patent specification :. .
No. 181,249 fat combinations with a high phosphatide ~': ~ ~.', ' ;', ." :, : s , , , ~ , ,, - . i . i , , , ,, : , . :. . . . . . .

- 3 -content are prepared from oil-containing seeds and animal fats under a high pressure on a high temperature.
The oil is separated by centrifugation, vitamin E--containing oil, milk, corn-grits, soy flour and protein -of animal origin are added and after spray-drying it is granulated. According to the Hungarian patent specifica- -~
tion No. 181,760 the fat-containing materials are converted to grains of microdimension, are mixed with ~ - h~ ; -lyophilic materials of carbohydrate-base, milk, egg -~
powder, organic acids, sugar and emulsifying agents, powdered and the fat is recovered by freezing contrac-tion.
According to the Hungarian patent specification No. 185,149 the seeds are roasted on a high temperature, then pressed under high pressure and an additional amount of oil is recovered from the residue by hydration and treatment on high temperature then pressing. ; ~r.
The oils and fats recovered by known processes ~-contain low amounts of vitamins, antioxidants, lecithin 20 and unsaturated fatty acids and the efficiency of their .~
extraction is unsatisfactory. - ~ .
The object of the invention is to obtain oily or fatty compositions with good yield from materials of plant or animal origin which compositions contain also ~-25 other valuable, biologically active and/or nutritively :~
useful constituents of the processed material in addition to the fat or oil.
The invention is based on the recognition that essential amino acids such as lysine, methionine and cysteine which are present in the raw material and are otherwise liable to decomposition, can be recovered without decomposition by treating the oil- or fat--containing materials with vapours of formic acid. -The invention is further based on the recognition that the recovery of oil becomes more effective and

- 4 -simultaneously the biologically active ingredient content of the oil or fat is increased if the oil--containing seeds or other materials of plant or animal origin are digested with steam or water vapours con-taining formic or carbonic acid before roasting orbefore extracting the oil, respectively. This process is useful also for processing raw materials containing heat-sensitive antinutritive substances.
The invention is further based on the recognition -10 that the recovery of oil or fat, respectively, from .
materials with a low oil or fat content can be carried out with a higher efficiency by adding oil or fat to the material to be processed before pressing, freezing--out or separation by steaming the oil. -The invention is based on the further recognition that the oily composition obtained becomes easier to be preserved and on the other hand it adopts other biological effects of the plant additionally used if the materials to be processed are selected in such a way that the oil-or fat-containing material is processed together with plant materials containing flavonoids and/or hydro-quinone.
The process according to the invention comprises, streaming steam or vapours of acidic water preferably of water containing formic or carbbnic acid, or vapours of an organic solvent through a dried, frozen or fresh material of plant and/or animal origin, wherein the dry material is used in a prewetted form, or boiling the material with water, aqueous formic or carbonic acid ~ s~
solution, milk, sweet cream or with an organic solvent in a microwave oven and before or after the above treatment, if desired, adding additives commonly used to the material to be processed, and if desired extract-ing the mixture with water, with an aqueous solution or with water-miscible solvents, then treating the solid . :.~ . : . :,.: - . -:

.
- ~ .

2008136 ~:

- 5 -material by heat at 85 to 200 C, optionally roasting it, and separating the oily or fatty phase from it in . - .~
a manner known per se, e.g. by pressing, freezing, - : -solvent extraction or centrifuging and, if desired, -adding at least 5% of oil to the material to be processed before any step of the processing but by all means before separating the oily or fatty phase and, if desired, working up also the aqueous phase, carrying out also an oxidation for the recovery of amino acids and if desired transforming the oil and the product of the aqueous phase to compositions if desired by mixing them ~ -with further additives and active agents.
The advantage of the process according to the invention consists therein that, in addition to the .
higher yields of extraction of the oils and fats in comparison to the known processes, other valuable ;
substances such as amino acids, water- and fat-soluble vitamins etc. can also be recovered.
Suitable solvents for extracting the oils are e.g.:
n-hexane, cyclohexane, gasoline, ethyl ether, dichloro~
ethane, trichloroethane, carbon disulfide, carbon tetra-chloride, dichloromethane, petroleum ether and a 3 mixture by volume of chloroform/isopropanol.
For the extraction or in the pretreatments before ;
the extraction, the additives listed hereinafter may e.g. be used:
- for the digestion by steam or microwave treatment and for stabilization of the amino acids: milk, sweet cream, formic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid or carbonic acid;
- for promoting the digestion: glycerol, sugars, propylene glycol, alcohols and alcohol-containing materials such as wine;
- for promoting the separation of the oil: acids such as lemon juice, citric acid, sulfuric acid, . }, .,, . , - .,. ~

- 6 - ~ -phosphoric acid as well as salts such as sodium chloride, vanadium chloride or nickel sulfate.
~ -Cyclodextrin, glucose, amylopectin, starch, various kinds of materials of carbohydrate base, cellulose and the like are suitable adsorbents for converting the separated oil to an oil powder. -The oil can be purified in a known way, e.g. by using activated carbon, talc, Fuller's earth, kaolin or ;
sulfuric acid.
lû Hydrogen peroxide or sodium peroxide may e.g. be ~ -used as oxidizing agents in the recovery of essential amino acids after stabilization by formic acid. --The process according to the invention is useful to dissolve water-soluble active ingredients such as ~ ~ -vitamin C, amino acids and the like from the raw material before the recovery of oil- and fat-soluble vitamins and other fat-soluble utilizable substances.
This dissolution can be achieved by extraction with water and/or with water and a solvent, which extraction is carried out before or after the digestion by steam, acidic vapours or solvent vapours or before or after the digestion in a microwave oven, which exerts an effect equivalent to the steam-treatment. The heat--treatment at 85 to 200 C following the steam treat-25 ment or boiling in a microwave oven and the optional ;
extraction can be accomplished by any heat-treating process, e.g. by heating in a water bath or in oil bath, baking in a baking device heating over a gas flame or on an electric device or by treatment in -a microwave oven or the like. Roasting is used in the processing of oil-containing seeds. - ~ 9 Oil is added to the material to be processed in the case when the material contains in itself too little amount of fat but a valuable type of it to be extracted. The oil added promotes the separation of - Z008~36 : ~

the o~ln fat or oil content of the rau material. In such cases the oily product obtained contains the fat of the raw material together with the oil added. (Of course, the amount of the oil added is taken in account in the ~ .
calculation of yields.) After separating the oily phase the aqueous phase may be worked up if desired. The processing ~ .
of aqueous phases obtained from protein- or amino acid- .~ :
-rich raw materials is particularly important. The amino 10 acids of such raw materials are usually stabilized by a ~ .
treatment with acidic, preferably formic acid-containing -steam or by boiling it with water containing acid, preferably formic acid in a microwave oven. The amino acids can be recovered from the solutions treated like this after oxidation, preferably after oxidation with hydrogen peroxide. -If desired, the oils and/or aqueous concentrates obtained or the powders prepared therefrom can be .
transformed to oil powders by applying them onto sorbents (by adsorption or by mixing with the sorbents) and can be utilized in this form. ~-The oils, aqueous concentrates or powders or their mixtures prepared according to the invention or eventually their mixtures containing also ballast materials can be utilized alone or in admixture with additional active agents and/or auxiliaries in therapeutics, cosmetics, food and paint industries and in fodders.
The process of the invention is illustrated in detail by the following non limiting Examples.

Example 1 Preparation of an oilv composition A mixture containing 350 9 of egg yolks, 20 9 of -wheat germs, 50 9 of corn germs, 50 9 of soy flour, ;~

~ ' , :~' . ~ ;':
~: :
.... .

", .:;:,,, i;,, ,,, ~ - .. ,, ;,- , , , Z008~36 40 9 of royal jelly, 20 9 of cod liver oil and 200 9 of sunflower seed flour is mixed with an equal amount of water containing 5~ of lemon juice; 20 9 of 1,2--propylene glycol and 20 9 of glycerol and is cooked in -a Papin's pot under elevated pressure for 30 minutes.
After filtering and pressing 20û ml of water is added to the residue, the mixture is boiled in a microwave oven for lû minutes, then 200 9 of sunflower oil is mixed to it and the mixture is baked in a microwave oven until the separation of oil. The product obtained is mixed with 800 ml of 0.25% sodium chloride solution, heated to the boiling point, then cooled down and the oil precipitated is frozen out from the aqueous phase. - -The oil is washed with water until it becomes salt-free, -15 then dehydrated under reduced pressure and if desired ; ~ ~ -purified in a known way.
The oil obtained is suitable for the use in therapeutics, cosmetics, and in food industry, e.g. in - -sweets industry as well as in the paint industry.
The oil obtained has a high vitamin content and antioxidant properties; it is useful for increasing the calcium and phosphorus supply; it improves the ~ i-haematopoiesis, decreases haemophilia; it is useful for treating visual disturbances, impairing of the vision, treating crespuscular blindness; for promoting the epithelization; for the protection of skin and epithelium; for treating wounds and burns; as well as for the use in cosmetical and pharmaceutical composi~
tions.
In the nutrition, it is useful as salad-dressing, in mayonnaise, as a butter additive, in dietetic food- -~
stuffs, cakes, confectioneries and for improving chocolate basis.
The extract alone or together with the oil is - ~-useful for the preparation of pharmaceutical and . . :: j , . -: : .. ..

: : ' ' ~

- X008~36 ~
_ 9 cosmetic compositions as well as foodstuffs.
The residue obtained after recovery of the oil ~ ~ -may be used in dietetic preparations (compositions), foodstuffs and as fodder additive.
Valuable protein and polysaccharide mixture can be ~
prepared from the aqueous extracts by precipitation - -with alcohol.
, -Example 2 250 9 of eggs, 100 9 of beef-tallow, 100 9 of soybean flour, 40 9 of pollen, 50 9 of honey, 300 9 of sweet cream, 50 9 of ground hazel-nuts, 50 9 of coco- ~ --scrapings, 50 9 of cocoa butter, 50 9 of sesame seeds, 20 9 of ground walnuts, 20 9 of almonds and 50 9 of crushed raisins are mixed and cooked and then baked in a microwave oven until the separation of oil. Then the material is heated to the boiling point with an equal amount of water containing 5% of lemon juice and 0.25%
of sodium chloride, it is cooled down and centrifuged at 4000 rpm. The oil is washed with water until it becomes salt-free and then dehydrated under reduced pressure.
The oil and the residue digested may be used in dietetic foodstuffs and in preparations of the sweets industry without being separated, or after separation the oil and the residue is used separately or mixed with each other.
The purified oil or fat, respectively, can be used with or without hydrogenation in pharmaceutical or cosmetic compositions or in preparations of the food industry, e.g. sweets industry or as an additive in feeds and fodders.
Example 3 Preparation of an antibacterial and fungicidal wound-healing oil and composition 200 9 of egg yolks, 100 9 of glands of duck-rump, :~

100 9 of leaf-lard, 20 9 of beef-tallo~,50 9 of pollen, 150 9 of poplar buds or the extract thereof, 50 9 of propolis and 50 9 of bee-wax are cooked in a micro~ave oven with 1000 ml of water containing 1% of citric acid and 0.9 9 of sodium chloride and then baked there until the separation of oil. After adding an equal amount of ~
water of 100 C temperature the mixture is cooled down, ~ ~-the fat is frozen out from it and separated from the aqueous part. The aqueous part is shaken with a 3:1 volume by volume mixture of chloroform/isopropanol, the solvent is evaporated from the solution and the residue is used together with the oily part for the preparation of a toilet-powder as follows.
250 9 of ~-cyclodextrin, 50 9 of glucose, 50 9 of ~ ,-15 amylopectin, 10 9 of ascorbic acid, 30 9 of cod liver -~
oil and 10 9 of lactic acid, the above residue of the -~
aqueous phase and the oil are mixed until homogenization, then dried to a powder in a microwave oven. The product obtained is formulated to a toilet-powder or ointment for pharmaceutical or cosmetical purposes.
The composition thus obtained has an anti~
bacterial, fungicidal and antiinflammatory effect; it increases the capillary resistance, and exerts a wound-healing and drying action.
Example 4 Preparation of a roborant, antianaemic feed and fodder additive - -~
A mixture containing 2000 9 of frozen harslet ~ -of animal origin (liver and blood), 1000 9 of powder of dried fruits, 1000 9 of vegetables (carrot, red beet, cabbage leaves, pumpkin, kohlrabi, onion, paprika, tomato), 1000 9 of plant seeds (bean, pea, lentil, -;~
mustard seed, coriander seed, caraway seed, soybean), 1000 9 of dried powder of fresh plants (nettle, elder-. ~ .

-blossom, clover, mullein, birch leaves, birch bark, thyme and the like) 500 9 of milk powder and 500 9 of roasted grape-stone is steamed with the vapours of water containing 1000 ml of lactic acid and 1000 ml of 80% by volume formic acid under a pressure of 2 atmospheres, then the material is baked until the separation of oil.
After adding an equal amount of water the mixture is -boiled at lûO C for 30 minutes, the ballast substances -are separated, the oily-aqueous solution is cooled down and the oil is separated by centrifuging. The oil is purified and dehydrated. The aqueous phase is evaporated to one tenth of its original volume, oxidized with 500 ml of 30% hydrogen peroxide and then dried onto a carbo-hydrate-base substance.
The oil obtained as described above, the dried product rich in amino acids recovered from the aqueous phase and the ballast substances are mixed with an equal amount of corn-grits; 100 9 of salt mixture and 150 9 of ground egg-shell are added and the product thus obtained is used as a fodder additive for feeding animals suffer~
ing from anaemia.
The oil or the composition containing the oil is useful for roboration, for improving the appetite and for salt supplementation; it is effective against anaemia;
and protects the organism from infections. Further~
more, it is suitable for feeding calves, pigs, sheep, chickens, poultries, domestic animals, dogs, cats, deers and wild animals.
~: . ,.:
Exmple 5 Recovery of corn oil 1000 9 of corn is steamed with hot steam under a pressure of 2 atmospheres for 15 minutes, then roasted at 160 to 180 C, 15% of corn oil is added and the mixture is heat-treated at 160 C for 2 hours. After ,:: . ,~ .: - ~:
: ~ ,. ' adding 500 ml of 0.25% aqueous sodium chloride solution containing 2% of citric acid, the mixture is steamed with water vapour under a pressure of 2 atmospheres, then cooled down and the oil is frozen out at 0 to 15 C.
The separated oil is purified by using activated carbon and talc and then is dehydrated. The oil obtained is ~ --used for cosmetical purposes or as ingredient of foodstuffs. - --Exmple 6 Recovery of egg-oil 2ûO g of egg yolk is boiled with 200 9 of water in a microwave oven, 50 9 of sunflower oil is added and -~
the material is heat-treated at 160 C for 20 minutes.
The separated oil is mixed with 50 9 of lemon juice and 200 9 of 0.25% aqueous sodium chloride solution, steamed with hot water, cooled down, extracted with peroxide-free ethyl ether and separated from the aqueous phase. The oil is purified by using Fuller's earth and is dehydrated. The egg-oil obtained can be used in cosmetical preparations as active ingredient and for the emulsification of ointments. It is useful - -as ingredient of foodstuffs, e.g. for flavouring of mayonnaises and salads as well as in chocolate-base, cakes, confectioneries and for improving the colour and consistency of noodles.
From the residue obtained after the recovery of the oil lecithin is dissolved with ethanol and is used after purification in roborant compositions improving the mental activity and in foodstuffs.

Example 7 Recovery of linseed oil -~
200 9 of linseeds is ground, steamed with 200 9 of water vapour at 100 C, then boiled with 400 9 of Z00~136 water for 20 minutes, filtered and pressed. The solid residue is heated in a water bath of 100 C temperature up to the separation of oil and pressed as hot. The oil ~ ~-is treated with a 2% sulfuric acid solution and then -~
purified by using 2 to 5% Fuller's earth.
The oil thus obtained can be used in liniments for treating burns, for purging as well as for the prepara~
tion of rapidly drying paints in the paint industry.
The aqueous extract also exerts an antiinflammatory effect.

Example 8 Recovery of a colouring substance rich in -carotenoids A mixture of 200 9 of tomatoes, 200 9 of bonnet peppers, 200 9 of Carthamus tinctorius L. seeds and pistils, 100 9 of carrots and 200 9 of spinach extracted -~
with ethanol is crushed and the crushed material is treated with steam at 100 C for 20 minutes and is homogenized. 300 9 of sunflower oil is added to the homogenate then it is heated to 160 C and treated at this temperature for 1 hour, the separated oil is centrifuged and dehydrated to obtain an oily composi- -tion rich in vitamin E, colouring substances and 25 ~-carotin. This composition is useful for therapeutic -and cosmetic purposes as well as for colouring and flavouring foods, cakes, butter, margarine and fodders. ;
The advantages of the process according to the -~
invention are illustrated on the basis of the -~
comparative data as shown in tables 1 and 2, respecti-vely. -~
: .' . :

,-,,, .: ,^" ,~,~".,,, ~",,,~

- 14 - .:~ .
:, . ,-. , ~ ,. ...
Table 1 Recovery of amino acids by using the process of the invention (as described in Example 4), taking the amount of amino acids recovered by the known process as 100%

Amino acid Recovery % .,~
_________________------------------------------------------------------ -- ,~:,. ~ ~.,-,.

10 Lysine 400 Methionine 150 :
Cysteine 800 :~
Tyrosine 500 Tryptophan 650 : . -,, , .~":':-. . . :.:
Table 2 . ~ :, 20 Recovery of oil by using the process of the invention :~
taking the amount of oil recovered by the known process as 100%
-- . ::,, . ~, , , ~ . : :
Recovery %
:~
Recovery of corn oil (according to 115 Example 5) :
Recovery of linseed oil (according 120 to Example 7) Recovery of egg oil (according to 120 Example 6) ::
Recovery of oil from a mixture of 118.5 raw materials of plant and animal ::-origin (according to Example 2) _____________________________________________________ : . ~ :

Claims (16)

THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION IN WHICH AN EXCLUSIVE
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:

1. Process for the complex processing of dried, frozen or fresh materials or their mixtures of plant and/or animal origin with the separation of their oil and/or fat content, w hi c h c o m p r i s e s , streaming steam or vapours of acidic water preferably of water containing formic or carbonic acid, or vapours of an organic solvent through a dried, frozen or fresh material of plant and/or animal origin or their mixtures wherein the dry material is used in a pre-wetted form, or boiling the material with water, aqueous formic or carbonic acid solution, milk, sweet cream or with an organic solvent in a microwave oven and before or after the above treatment, if desired, adding additives commonly used to the material to be processed, and if desired extracting the mixture with water, with an aqueous solution or with water-miscible solvents, then treating the solid material by heat at 85 to 200 °C, optionally roasting it, and separating the oily or fatty phase from it in a manner known per se, e.g. by pressing, freezing, solvent extraction or centrifuging and, if desired, adding at least 5% of oil to the material to be processed before any step of the processing but by all means before separating the oily or fatty phase and, if desired, working up also the aqueous phase, carrying out also an oxidation for the recovery of amino acids and if desired transforming the oil and the product of the aqueous phase to compositions if desired by mixing them with further additives and active agents.

2. A process as claimed in claim 1, w h i c h c o m p r i s e s boiling the mixture of materials of plant and animal origin with an aqueous formic acid medium in a microwave oven, extracting it with water, treating it by heat, cooling it down, freezing out the oil and if desired working up the aqueous phase.

3. A process as claimed in claim 1, w h i c h c o m p r i s e s extracting the mixture of materials of plant and animal origin with water, steaming by water vapours or solvent vapours, treating it by heat, cooling it down separating the oil in a manner known per se and if desired working up the aqueous phase.

4. A process as claimed in any of the claims 1 to 3, w h i c h c o m p r i s e s adding sunflower oil to the materials of animal and/or plant origin, then treating them in a microwave equipment (oven) or by vapour.

5. A process as claimed in any of the claims 1 to 3, w h i c h c o m p r i s e s adding oil to the material to be processed after the treatment in a microwave oven or after steaming it.

6. A process as claimed in claim 1 for the complex processing of a mixture of raw materials of plant and animal origin, w h i c h c o m p r i s e s steaming the mixture of the raw materials with the vapour of water containing an acid, preferably lactic or formic acid, then baking the material up to the separation of oil, boiling it with water, after removal of the ballast substances cooling down the oily-aqueous solution separating the oil by centrifuging, oxidizing the aqueous phase with hydrogen peroxide, evaporating it and applying the oil, the concentrate of the aqueous phase and the ballast substances together or separately on a carbohydrate-base carrier.

7. A process as claimed in claim 1 for recovery of egg oil, w h i c h c o m p r i s e s boiling egg yolk in a microwave oven, then treating it by heat with addition of sunflower oil, separating the oil precipitated preferably by extracting it with ethyl ether after steaming, and if desired, purifying it.

B. A process as claimed in claim 1 for the recovery of corn oil, w h i c h c o m p r i s e s treating the corn by steam, roasting it then adding corn oil to it treating the mixture by heat at 160 to 190 °C then separating the oil and if desired purifying the oil.

9. A process as claimed in claim 1 for the recovery of linseed oil, w h i c h c o m p r i s e s treating the ground linseeds by steam, boiling it with water, filtering and pressing it, heating the residue in a water bath up to the separation of oil, then pressing and, if desired, purifying the oil separated.

10. A process as claimed in claim 1 for the recovery of a colouring substance rich in carotenoids, w h i c h c o m p r i s e s treating the carotenoid--containing plant material or a mixture of such materials with steam, homogenizing it first in se then with a vegetable oil, treating the homogenate by heat at 140 to 170 °C, then separating, dehydrating and if desired purifying the oil.

11. Use of the preparations prepared by using the process according to claim 1 as active ingredients in human and veterinary pharmaceutical compositions.

12. Use of the preparations prepared by using the process according to claim 1 for enriching, flavouring and/or colouring preparations of the food industry.

13. Use of the preparations prepared by using the process according to claim 1 for enriching, flavouring and/or colouring fodders.

14. Use of the preparations prepared by using the process according to claim 1 as active ingredients and/or colouring agents or other additives in cosmetic preparations.

15. Use of the preparations prepared by using the process according to claim 1 for preparing compositions of the paint industry.

16. Use of the preparations prepared by using the process according to claim 1 for preparing detergents and soaps.