CA2007195C - Process and apparatus for the fine dispersion of liquids or powders in a gaseous medium - Google Patents
Process and apparatus for the fine dispersion of liquids or powders in a gaseous mediumInfo
- Publication number
- CA2007195C CA2007195C CA002007195A CA2007195A CA2007195C CA 2007195 C CA2007195 C CA 2007195C CA 002007195 A CA002007195 A CA 002007195A CA 2007195 A CA2007195 A CA 2007195A CA 2007195 C CA2007195 C CA 2007195C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- propellant
- propellant container
- ejection tube
- transfer port
- charge
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 158
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000973497 Siphonognathus argyrophanes Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003897 fog Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000048246 Gallicrex cinerea Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002163 immunogen Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
Abstract
A process for the fine dispersion of a liquid or powder charge into a gaseous medium, preferably air. The liquid or powder charge is placed into an ejection tube, and a pressurized gaseous propellant is conducted at explosion-like speed behind the charge. The apparatus has an ejection tube containing the liquid or powder charge, a propellant container connected with one end of the ejection tube. The ejection tube and propellant container are interconnected by at least one transfer port closed by a quick action locking element.
Description
2a~7195 PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR THE FINE DISPERSION OF LIQUIDS OR
POWDERS IN A GASEOUS MEDIUM
The present invention relates to a process and apparatus for the fine dispersion of liquids or powder in gaseous medium, preferably in air.
It is well known that the fine dispersion of liquids or powders in the air, or in other medium or surface is often necessary. The fields of application can be divided into two main groups.
One of these groups includes those applications where the quantity of the product discharged on each occasion is not considerable (therapeutic, cosmetic, household applications etc). The aerosol products were developed just for this purpose.
These products are filled into pressurized containers and by actuating a valve mechanism, they pass to the air through an atomizer system. The finely dispersed liquid drops (aerosol drops) are produced by the atomizing nozzle.
Though the size could be increased, containers of litre volume are usually not produced.
In the other group of applications a considerable amount of product is to be used on each occasion, as an acceptable result will be attained only this way. Such fields of application are, for example, the disinfection of buildings, fire- fighting, etc. Sprayers or atomizers of continuous operation are typically used for this purpose.
One of these solutions is described in Hungarian Patent No. 185 548 (published February 1985). This device is an improvement of the apparatus described in German Patent Publication No. 28 40 723 (Published January 3, 1980), and United States Patents Nos.
1,399,490, 4,116,387 and 4,251,033, for the purpose of administering active ingredients for therapeutic or immunogenic treatment of animals kept in a stable. The apparatus consists of a high capacity rotary atomizer and conical drop separators opening by way of a shutter.
These drop separators prevent the passage of drops greater than 5 microns into the air space.
Another apparatus, which is disclosed in United States Patent No. 4,687,135, was developed for discharge into the air space with high energy. The propellant in the apparatus is brought about by the explosion-like burning of gas, and pulverized metal, metal-ceramic, wear and heat resistant electrically insulating or electrically conducting material are admitted into the nozzle. The pulverized substance flowing out of the nozzle is heated to the vicinity 2~~11 ~5 of its melting point, and precipitates with high energy on the treated surface, forming a layer on it. The apparatus functions periodically.
These apparatuses are capable to discharge a theoretically unlimited amount of product, but in fact they are slow, because increasing the quantity discharged in any time unit is restricted by the atomizing system. This slowness is unfavourable especially in apparatuses used for fire-fighting, e.g. in fire extinguishers.
There are instances, among which the underground fire is the most characteristic, when a very large amount of product has to be dispersed nearly all at once into a very large space. With the cun-ently known spraying systems this is impossible, or it can be realized only with apparatuses of unacceptable size.
The object of the present invention is therefore a process and apparatus whereby a great amount of liquid or powder can be dispersed all at once in a gaseous medium, e.g. air space. The invention is based on the recognition that, if liquid is discharged into the air at high speed, the air resistance might be so great that it breaks down the mass of liquid to drops by impact. Similar is the behaviour of the fine grained powders. The speed of discharging the liquid or powder is therefore a crucial question.
According to the present invention for the dispersion of liquid or powder in gaseous medium, preferably in air, the liquid or powder is arranged in an ejection tube, and pressurized propellant gas flow is produced behind the charge at an explosion-like speed.
Thus, one aspect of the invention provides a process for the fine dispersion of a liquid or powder charge into a gaseous medium, comprising the steps of:
placing the liquid or powder charge into an ejection tube, the liquid or powder charge constituting an amount equivalent to 25 to 100 % of the volume of the ejection tube;
filling a propellant container with a pressurized gaseous propellant of at least 10 bar pressure, the quantity of pressurized gaseous propellant amounting to between 30 and 750 times the volume of the charge under normal pressure; and opening a transfer port communicating between said propellant container and said ejection tube, and thereby conducting the pressurized gaseous propellant from the propellant container into the ejection tube behind the charge in a maximum of 20 milliseconds, whereby the pressurized gaseous propellant expands and expels the charge from the ejection tube to form a fine dispersion of the charge.
t v 2~~7195 2a Another aspect of the invention provides an apparatus for the fine dispersion of a liquid or powder charge into a gaseous medium, comprising: an ejection tube capable of holding said liquid or powder charge, a ratio between the length of the ejection tube and the inside diameter thereof being from 2 to 20; a propellant container disposed at one end of said ejection tube; a transfer port communicating with said propellant container and said ejection tube, for conducting a pressurized gaseous propellant from the propellant container into the ejection tube; and a quick action valve element disposed in said transfer port for controlling release of pressurized gaseous propellant from the propellant container into the ejection tube.
Preferably, a propellant gas of minimum 10 bar pressure is conducted behind the charge in a maximum of 20 msec.
According to a preferred embodiment, a container is charged up with propellant of minimum 10 bar pressure, and the gas is conducted from the container to behind the charge in the ejection tube.
The liquid or powder may be also filled into a synthetic foil or paper bag, then the bag is sealed and placed into the ejection tube.
Generally, the charge fills up 25-100% of the ejection tube's volume and a propellant 30-750 times the volume of the charge in normal condition is conducted to the charge.
The propellant gas may also be brought about by explosion, wherein an explosive in a conventional shell is placed into the propellant container and the charge filled into a bag is put directly on the explosive.
E
POWDERS IN A GASEOUS MEDIUM
The present invention relates to a process and apparatus for the fine dispersion of liquids or powder in gaseous medium, preferably in air.
It is well known that the fine dispersion of liquids or powders in the air, or in other medium or surface is often necessary. The fields of application can be divided into two main groups.
One of these groups includes those applications where the quantity of the product discharged on each occasion is not considerable (therapeutic, cosmetic, household applications etc). The aerosol products were developed just for this purpose.
These products are filled into pressurized containers and by actuating a valve mechanism, they pass to the air through an atomizer system. The finely dispersed liquid drops (aerosol drops) are produced by the atomizing nozzle.
Though the size could be increased, containers of litre volume are usually not produced.
In the other group of applications a considerable amount of product is to be used on each occasion, as an acceptable result will be attained only this way. Such fields of application are, for example, the disinfection of buildings, fire- fighting, etc. Sprayers or atomizers of continuous operation are typically used for this purpose.
One of these solutions is described in Hungarian Patent No. 185 548 (published February 1985). This device is an improvement of the apparatus described in German Patent Publication No. 28 40 723 (Published January 3, 1980), and United States Patents Nos.
1,399,490, 4,116,387 and 4,251,033, for the purpose of administering active ingredients for therapeutic or immunogenic treatment of animals kept in a stable. The apparatus consists of a high capacity rotary atomizer and conical drop separators opening by way of a shutter.
These drop separators prevent the passage of drops greater than 5 microns into the air space.
Another apparatus, which is disclosed in United States Patent No. 4,687,135, was developed for discharge into the air space with high energy. The propellant in the apparatus is brought about by the explosion-like burning of gas, and pulverized metal, metal-ceramic, wear and heat resistant electrically insulating or electrically conducting material are admitted into the nozzle. The pulverized substance flowing out of the nozzle is heated to the vicinity 2~~11 ~5 of its melting point, and precipitates with high energy on the treated surface, forming a layer on it. The apparatus functions periodically.
These apparatuses are capable to discharge a theoretically unlimited amount of product, but in fact they are slow, because increasing the quantity discharged in any time unit is restricted by the atomizing system. This slowness is unfavourable especially in apparatuses used for fire-fighting, e.g. in fire extinguishers.
There are instances, among which the underground fire is the most characteristic, when a very large amount of product has to be dispersed nearly all at once into a very large space. With the cun-ently known spraying systems this is impossible, or it can be realized only with apparatuses of unacceptable size.
The object of the present invention is therefore a process and apparatus whereby a great amount of liquid or powder can be dispersed all at once in a gaseous medium, e.g. air space. The invention is based on the recognition that, if liquid is discharged into the air at high speed, the air resistance might be so great that it breaks down the mass of liquid to drops by impact. Similar is the behaviour of the fine grained powders. The speed of discharging the liquid or powder is therefore a crucial question.
According to the present invention for the dispersion of liquid or powder in gaseous medium, preferably in air, the liquid or powder is arranged in an ejection tube, and pressurized propellant gas flow is produced behind the charge at an explosion-like speed.
Thus, one aspect of the invention provides a process for the fine dispersion of a liquid or powder charge into a gaseous medium, comprising the steps of:
placing the liquid or powder charge into an ejection tube, the liquid or powder charge constituting an amount equivalent to 25 to 100 % of the volume of the ejection tube;
filling a propellant container with a pressurized gaseous propellant of at least 10 bar pressure, the quantity of pressurized gaseous propellant amounting to between 30 and 750 times the volume of the charge under normal pressure; and opening a transfer port communicating between said propellant container and said ejection tube, and thereby conducting the pressurized gaseous propellant from the propellant container into the ejection tube behind the charge in a maximum of 20 milliseconds, whereby the pressurized gaseous propellant expands and expels the charge from the ejection tube to form a fine dispersion of the charge.
t v 2~~7195 2a Another aspect of the invention provides an apparatus for the fine dispersion of a liquid or powder charge into a gaseous medium, comprising: an ejection tube capable of holding said liquid or powder charge, a ratio between the length of the ejection tube and the inside diameter thereof being from 2 to 20; a propellant container disposed at one end of said ejection tube; a transfer port communicating with said propellant container and said ejection tube, for conducting a pressurized gaseous propellant from the propellant container into the ejection tube; and a quick action valve element disposed in said transfer port for controlling release of pressurized gaseous propellant from the propellant container into the ejection tube.
Preferably, a propellant gas of minimum 10 bar pressure is conducted behind the charge in a maximum of 20 msec.
According to a preferred embodiment, a container is charged up with propellant of minimum 10 bar pressure, and the gas is conducted from the container to behind the charge in the ejection tube.
The liquid or powder may be also filled into a synthetic foil or paper bag, then the bag is sealed and placed into the ejection tube.
Generally, the charge fills up 25-100% of the ejection tube's volume and a propellant 30-750 times the volume of the charge in normal condition is conducted to the charge.
The propellant gas may also be brought about by explosion, wherein an explosive in a conventional shell is placed into the propellant container and the charge filled into a bag is put directly on the explosive.
E
Another object of the invention is an apparatus for the fine dispersion of liquid or powder in gaseous medium, preferably in air, appropriately with the process according to the invention. The apparatus is formed as to have an ejection tube taking in the charge of liquid or powder, one end of the ejection tube is attached to the propellant container, the ejection tube is interconnected with the propellant container at least by one transfer port closed with a quick-action locking element.
In a preferred embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention the ratio between the length and inside diameter of the ejection tube is between 2-20.
In another preferred embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention, an automatic locking element of elastic material, consisting of segments is arranged at the mouth of the ejection tube.
In yet another preferred embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention, the ejection tube has a charging stub provided with a locking element, connected through a flexible hose with a liquid supply system.
A tube bottom may be formed at the end of the ejection tube facing the propellant container, and holes are provided branching off from the transfer port in the direction of the ejection tube, the openings of which are formed in the tube bottom close to its edge.
The propellant container may have a charging stub provided with a locking element ensuring connection with the propellant supply appliance and connected through a flexible hose with a power system supplying high pressure gas. It may also have conventional elements for taking in a C02 cartridge. The locking element closing the transfer port that interconnects the ejection tube with the propellant container is a valve lying on the valve seat machined around the transfer port from the direction of the propellant container, the valve is in actuating connection with a piston situated in the cylinder, the cylinder space is interconnected with the propellant container through a check valve closing towards the cylinder space, furthermore through a locking element with the surroundings, and finally the charging stub of the propellant container provided with locking element is connected directly with the cylinder space.
The locking element in the charging stub of the propellant container interconnected with the cylinder space and the locking element interconnecting the cylinder space with the surroundings may be machined as a single three-position locking element.
According to another preferred embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention, the valve closing the transfer port that interconnects the ejection tube with the ~~~?~ ~5 propellant container and the valve-actuating piston are machined as a single piece, and cross section of the transfer port is smaller than that of the cylinder space, wherein the locking element closing the transfer port is a butterfly valve, a ball pivot or a membrane.
A bursting mandrel may be arranged behind the membrane closing the transfer port that interconnects the ejection tube with the propellant container, the shank of which is in mechanical connection with the actuating mechanism arranged outside the propellant container.
Preferably, the compressive strength of the membrane closing said transfer port is 1.2 - 1.5 times the rated charging pressure of the propellant container.
A detonating mechanism, preferably a primer cap, may be built to the membrane closing the transfer port interconnecting the ejection tube with the propellant container, and said primer cap can be interconnected with a firing mechanism.
In a further preferred embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention, an explosive is disposed in the propellant container, which is provided with a conventional detonating mechanism (primer), and the detonating mechanism is interconnected with a firing mechanism.
Again in a further preferred embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention, the firing mechanism interconnected with the detonating mechanism built to the membrane closing the transfer port that interconnects the ejection tube with the propellant container, or the firing mechanism interconnected with the detonating mechanism built to the explosive in the propellant container is in actuating connection with a device or device system sensing the presence of explosive gas mixture and/or fire.
Finally, in a further preferred embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention, at least two ejection tubes are built together with a common propellant container, and each ejection tube is connected separately with the common propellant container through a transfer port closed by a locking element.
The invention will be described more in detail by way of some examples with the reference to the enclosed drawings in which:
Figure 1 shows the longitudinal section of an embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention;
Figure 2 shows a detail of the embodiment of Figure 1;
Figure 3 shows a longitudinal section of a second embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;
Figure 4 shows a top view of the embodiment of Figure 3;
Figure 5 shows cross section z - z of Figure 3;
In a preferred embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention the ratio between the length and inside diameter of the ejection tube is between 2-20.
In another preferred embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention, an automatic locking element of elastic material, consisting of segments is arranged at the mouth of the ejection tube.
In yet another preferred embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention, the ejection tube has a charging stub provided with a locking element, connected through a flexible hose with a liquid supply system.
A tube bottom may be formed at the end of the ejection tube facing the propellant container, and holes are provided branching off from the transfer port in the direction of the ejection tube, the openings of which are formed in the tube bottom close to its edge.
The propellant container may have a charging stub provided with a locking element ensuring connection with the propellant supply appliance and connected through a flexible hose with a power system supplying high pressure gas. It may also have conventional elements for taking in a C02 cartridge. The locking element closing the transfer port that interconnects the ejection tube with the propellant container is a valve lying on the valve seat machined around the transfer port from the direction of the propellant container, the valve is in actuating connection with a piston situated in the cylinder, the cylinder space is interconnected with the propellant container through a check valve closing towards the cylinder space, furthermore through a locking element with the surroundings, and finally the charging stub of the propellant container provided with locking element is connected directly with the cylinder space.
The locking element in the charging stub of the propellant container interconnected with the cylinder space and the locking element interconnecting the cylinder space with the surroundings may be machined as a single three-position locking element.
According to another preferred embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention, the valve closing the transfer port that interconnects the ejection tube with the ~~~?~ ~5 propellant container and the valve-actuating piston are machined as a single piece, and cross section of the transfer port is smaller than that of the cylinder space, wherein the locking element closing the transfer port is a butterfly valve, a ball pivot or a membrane.
A bursting mandrel may be arranged behind the membrane closing the transfer port that interconnects the ejection tube with the propellant container, the shank of which is in mechanical connection with the actuating mechanism arranged outside the propellant container.
Preferably, the compressive strength of the membrane closing said transfer port is 1.2 - 1.5 times the rated charging pressure of the propellant container.
A detonating mechanism, preferably a primer cap, may be built to the membrane closing the transfer port interconnecting the ejection tube with the propellant container, and said primer cap can be interconnected with a firing mechanism.
In a further preferred embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention, an explosive is disposed in the propellant container, which is provided with a conventional detonating mechanism (primer), and the detonating mechanism is interconnected with a firing mechanism.
Again in a further preferred embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention, the firing mechanism interconnected with the detonating mechanism built to the membrane closing the transfer port that interconnects the ejection tube with the propellant container, or the firing mechanism interconnected with the detonating mechanism built to the explosive in the propellant container is in actuating connection with a device or device system sensing the presence of explosive gas mixture and/or fire.
Finally, in a further preferred embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention, at least two ejection tubes are built together with a common propellant container, and each ejection tube is connected separately with the common propellant container through a transfer port closed by a locking element.
The invention will be described more in detail by way of some examples with the reference to the enclosed drawings in which:
Figure 1 shows the longitudinal section of an embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention;
Figure 2 shows a detail of the embodiment of Figure 1;
Figure 3 shows a longitudinal section of a second embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;
Figure 4 shows a top view of the embodiment of Figure 3;
Figure 5 shows cross section z - z of Figure 3;
5 Figure 6 shows a longitudinal section of a third embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;
Figure 7 shows a longitudinal section of a fourth embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;
Figure 8 shows a longitudinal section of a fifth embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;
Figure 9 shows a longitudinal section of a sixth embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;
Figure 10 shows a longitudinal section of a seventh embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;
Figure 11 shows a longitudinal section of an eighth embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;
Figure 12 shows a longitudinal section of a ninth embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;
Figure 13 shows a longitudinal section of a tenth embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention; and Figure 14 shows a longitudinal section of an eleventh embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention.
The previous description demonstrates that the process according to the invention can be realized in several ways, and many kinds of apparatuses are suitable for this purpose. For the sake of easier representation it is more expedient to present an apparatus in detail, and following the description of its operation to refer back to the process.
A first embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to Figures 1 and 2.
The ejection tube 2 and propellant container 3 of the apparatus shown in Figure 1 are machined as a single steel tube. They are separated from each other by a dividing wall 38 sealed by gaskets 39. Displacement of the dividing wall 38 is prevented by shoulder 41 machined from the direction of ejection tube 2, and by a setscrew 40.
Figure 7 shows a longitudinal section of a fourth embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;
Figure 8 shows a longitudinal section of a fifth embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;
Figure 9 shows a longitudinal section of a sixth embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;
Figure 10 shows a longitudinal section of a seventh embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;
Figure 11 shows a longitudinal section of an eighth embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;
Figure 12 shows a longitudinal section of a ninth embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;
Figure 13 shows a longitudinal section of a tenth embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention; and Figure 14 shows a longitudinal section of an eleventh embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention.
The previous description demonstrates that the process according to the invention can be realized in several ways, and many kinds of apparatuses are suitable for this purpose. For the sake of easier representation it is more expedient to present an apparatus in detail, and following the description of its operation to refer back to the process.
A first embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to Figures 1 and 2.
The ejection tube 2 and propellant container 3 of the apparatus shown in Figure 1 are machined as a single steel tube. They are separated from each other by a dividing wall 38 sealed by gaskets 39. Displacement of the dividing wall 38 is prevented by shoulder 41 machined from the direction of ejection tube 2, and by a setscrew 40.
The dividing wall 38 is shown in detail in Figure 2. A transfer port 8 is arranged in the central part interconnecting the ejection tube 2 and propellant container 3. A valve seat 15 is machined around the transfer port 8 from the direction of the propellant container 3 which is closed by a disc gate valve 14.
The valve 14 is interconnected with a piston 16 via a valve stem 42. The piston 16 is arranged in a cylinder 17 made, in the present case, as a single piece with the dividing wall 38. Tightness of the piston 16 is ensured by sealing ring 43. Windows 44 are cut in the wall of the cylinder 17 in the vicinity of valve 14 through which the propellant flows to the valve 14.
The cylinder 17 is closed by a cover 45 fixed with screws 46. A spring 47 is inserted between the piston 16 and cover 45, which has no distinctive role in respect of the operation, but improves the safety of operation.
A hole 48 in the central part of cover 45 interconnects the cylinder space 37 with the space in the propellant container 3. The hole 48 is closed by a check valve 18 from the direction of the propellant container's space.
An annular space 49 connected with the cylinder space 37 is machined in the cover 45 which is connected through holes 50 and 51 with threaded pipe nipples 52 and 53.
The propellant container 3 in the present case is a mounted construction, meaning that its end is closed by a bottom piece 55 fixed with screws 54 (see Figure 1 ).
Ducts 56 and 57 are provided in the bottom piece 55 containing threaded pipe nipples 58 and 59 from the direction of the propellant container 3.
As continuation of duct 56, locking element 13 and as continuation of duct 57, locking element 19 are connected with the bottom piece 55. The locking elements 13 and 19 are ball pivots actuated by handles 62 and 63. The free end of locking element 13 forms the charging stub 12 of the propellant container 3. Charging stub 12 is connected through flexible hose 34 with a compressed air source (not shown).
Locking element 19 opens towards the surroundings.
The threaded pipe nipples 58 and 59 in the bottom piece 55 are interconnected through flexible hoses 60 and 61 with threaded pipe nipples 52 and 53 in the cover 45 of cylinder 17.
The process according to the invention is as follows.
Upon opening locking element 13, compressed airflows through flexible hose 34 into duct 56. The cylinder space 37 of cylinder 17 is charged up through duct 56 and annular space 49. The spring 47 keeps the piston 16 and valve 14 through valve stem v 207 ~ ~~
The valve 14 is interconnected with a piston 16 via a valve stem 42. The piston 16 is arranged in a cylinder 17 made, in the present case, as a single piece with the dividing wall 38. Tightness of the piston 16 is ensured by sealing ring 43. Windows 44 are cut in the wall of the cylinder 17 in the vicinity of valve 14 through which the propellant flows to the valve 14.
The cylinder 17 is closed by a cover 45 fixed with screws 46. A spring 47 is inserted between the piston 16 and cover 45, which has no distinctive role in respect of the operation, but improves the safety of operation.
A hole 48 in the central part of cover 45 interconnects the cylinder space 37 with the space in the propellant container 3. The hole 48 is closed by a check valve 18 from the direction of the propellant container's space.
An annular space 49 connected with the cylinder space 37 is machined in the cover 45 which is connected through holes 50 and 51 with threaded pipe nipples 52 and 53.
The propellant container 3 in the present case is a mounted construction, meaning that its end is closed by a bottom piece 55 fixed with screws 54 (see Figure 1 ).
Ducts 56 and 57 are provided in the bottom piece 55 containing threaded pipe nipples 58 and 59 from the direction of the propellant container 3.
As continuation of duct 56, locking element 13 and as continuation of duct 57, locking element 19 are connected with the bottom piece 55. The locking elements 13 and 19 are ball pivots actuated by handles 62 and 63. The free end of locking element 13 forms the charging stub 12 of the propellant container 3. Charging stub 12 is connected through flexible hose 34 with a compressed air source (not shown).
Locking element 19 opens towards the surroundings.
The threaded pipe nipples 58 and 59 in the bottom piece 55 are interconnected through flexible hoses 60 and 61 with threaded pipe nipples 52 and 53 in the cover 45 of cylinder 17.
The process according to the invention is as follows.
Upon opening locking element 13, compressed airflows through flexible hose 34 into duct 56. The cylinder space 37 of cylinder 17 is charged up through duct 56 and annular space 49. The spring 47 keeps the piston 16 and valve 14 through valve stem v 207 ~ ~~
42 biased in the direction of transfer port 8. Thus the valve 14 rests on valve seat 15 and closes the transfer port 8. The compressed air increases the force closing the valve 14.
As the pressure rises in the cylinder space 37, the check valve 18 opens, and the propellant container 3 is charged up with propellant 4, i.e. compressed air. Upon completion of the charging, the locking element 13 has to be closed by turning the handle 62.
During this period of the operation the locking element 19 has to be kept in closed condition.
Simultaneously with charging up the propellant container 3, the charge 1 can be placed into the ejection tube 2. In the present case it is water as indicated in Figure 1. By filling with the charge 1 and propellant 4, the apparatus is ready to eject.
For ejection of charge 1, the locking element 19 has to be opened by turning the handle 63. At this point, the cylinder space 37 of cylinder 17 becomes discharged through the annular space 49, hole 51, flexible hose 61, duct 57 and locking element 19 towards the surroundings. Pressure of the propellant 4 in the propellant container 3 moves the piston 16 in the direction of the cover 45, thereby lifting the valve 14 off the valve seat 15.
Opening of the valve 14 is extremely quick, it takes only milliseconds.
Through the free transfer port 8 the propellant 4 presses onward with elementary force below the charge 1 and ejects it from the ejection tube 2 at high speed, and the charge disintegrates in the air forming a nearly regular fog.
After ejection, charging of the apparatus can be repeated, i.e. the actuation is periodical.
As it is expected from the foregoing, the result of the process depends on several factors.
First of all, the speed of the process in time and magnitude of the utilized energy have a decisive role. If the propellant 4 is brought behind the charge 1 in a longer time than 20 msec, or the pressure of the propellant does not reach 20 bar, then neither the size of the liquid drops, nor their distribution will be homogeneous, and the drop size will be greater than to speak about fog, spray or aerosol.
Even if complying with the former requirements, considerable deviation will appear from the UD ratio of the ejection tube (L = length, D = diameter) and from the ratio of the volume VK of the ejection tube and volume VT of the charge 1.
These two E
~00~ 1 ~5 characteristics influence fineness of the atomization, range of the ejection, and cone angle of the dispersion.
The L/D ratio should be selected between 2 and 20. If the L/D ratio is smaller than two, the cone angle of the dispersion will be so much that the atomization is no longer homogeneous, the drops spreading to the side will be unacceptably large, and their energy low, thus they do not get far enough. The L/D ratio theoretically could be greater than 20, but it is unnecessary, as it would not influence the result of the process.
The ratio between the volume of the ejection tube VK and volume of the charge VT should be selected between 25 and 100%. Its effect is in direct proportion to the cone angle of the dispersion, i.e. if ratio of the volumes is smaller, the cone angle of the dispersion will also be smaller. Ratio of the volumes influences not only the described effect of the cone angle of dispersion. At smaller volume ratio the coverage of the apparatus is greater and the atomization is finer and more homogeneous.
Finally, the ratio between volume of the charge VT and volume of the propellant VH measured in normal condition will considerably influence marking out the field of application of the apparatus. This ratio can be selected between 30 and 750.
It is evident that this characterizes the magnitude of the energy utilized for ejection. It has to be premised that the apparatus according to the invention can be produced as to be kept in the hand, but it may be produced with large dimensions in stable construction.
The manual use, e.g. small fire extinguishers do not require great energy, and the use is not recommended either, because the reaction force might be too excessive, causing injury to the operator.
At the same time, the invention enables to produce apparatuses suitable for quenching oil or gas bursts. These apparatuses are set up on a fixed stand farther from the boring tower, and the ejection is carried out with such energy that not only the fire extinguishing charge should be effective, but the flame would be blown out as well.
It is pointless to increase the energy without restraint. The air resistance absolutely limits both the range and narrowing the dispersion. Therefore, it is unnecessary to go over 750 with the volume ratio.
An embodiment suitable for manual use is shown in Figures 3 to 5.
The ejection tube 2 and propellant container 3 are made independently and mounted on both sides of a distance piece 64. The ejection tube 2 is fixed with screws 65 with the aid of a welded-on flanged hub, a gasket 66 between them ensures a leakage-proof 2~~1~ ~ 9 assembly. The propellant container 3 is fixed to the distances piece 64 similarly with a welded-on flanged hub. It is fixed with screws, and sealed by gasket 68.
The end of the propellant container 3 is closed with a welded bottom piece 71.
The transfer port 8 is machined into the distance piece 64. The lower end of the interior of the ejection tube 2 forms the tube bottom 28 in the distance piece 64 so that a threaded insert 73 is driven into the distance piece 64. Holes 29 are in the insert 73 branching off from the transfer port 8, and their openings 30 open along the circumference of the tube bottom 28 into the space of the ejection tube 2. The holes 29 start out of a distribution space 76, this however is regarded in respect of flow as part of the transfer port 8.
The valve seat 15 on which the valve 14 rests is machined around the end of the transfer port 8 facing the propellant container 3.
The valve 14 and the actuating piston 16 are made as a single piece. The operation is conditional on the cross section A of piston 16 being greater than the cross section a of the transfer port 8.
The cylinder 17 with the piston 16 in it is machined in the distance piece 64.
The piston 16 is sealed with a packing ring 43 shaped like a pot to prevent jamming. Its operation is ensured by spring 47 as described earlier.
The cylinder space 37 of cylinder 17 is closed by cover 69 fixed with screws to the distance piece 64. A check valve 18 is provided in cover 69 opening towards the space of propellant container 3.
An annular valve space 81 is provided on the side of piston 16 facing the valve seat 15. The valve space 81 is interconnected through ducts 72 with space or the propellant container 3. Only one duct 72 is shown in the drawing, but it is advisable to prepare more of them because of the lower flow resistance.
A hole 78 in the distance piece 64 adjoins the cylinder space 37. The three-position locking element 20 adjoins the hole 78. One of the connecting stubs of the three-position locking element 20 is connected through flexible hose 34 with a compressed air source (not shown), and the other connecting stub opens to the surroundings.
The three-position locking element 20 is actuated by handle 80.
A hole 75 leading to the space of the ejection tube 2 is provided on that part of the distance piece 64 which surrounds the space of the ejection tube 2. A
charging stub 31 I
adjoining through locking element 32 the hole 75 is connected through flexible hose 33 with a water cock (not shown). The locking element 32 is a ball pivot actuated with handle 79.
A locking element 10 is fixed to the mouth 9 of the ejection tube 2. This may be a rubber sheet divided into segments 11. The locking element 10 is pressed by ring 76 to 5 the tube mouth 9. The ring 76 is fixed by screws 77.
The apparatus generally functions as described before.
In one position of the three-position locking element 20, the cylinder space is connected through flexible hose 34 with a compressor. Thus the piston 16 keeps the valve 14 in a closed state, while the propellant container 3 is charged up through check valve 18 10 with propellant 4, in this case compressed air.
After charging up the propellant container 3, the three-position locking element is turned by handle 80 to the position shown in Figure 3.
By opening the locking element 32, the ejection tube 2 can also be charged up.
Naturally the earlier described aspects have to be reckoned with for charging up. After 15 charging up the ejection tube 2, the locking element 32 can be closed with handle 79. Now the apparatus is ready for actuation.
The apparatus is actuated by turning the three-position locking element 20, when it interconnects the cylinder space 37 through hole 78 with the surroundings.
At this point the piston 16 moves and the valve 14 opens the transfer port 8. The out-flowing propellant 20 4 ejects the charge 1.
The apparatus is made specifically for manual use, therefore it is provided with a grip and a shoulder strap (not shown). The manual use necessitates the application of locking element 10 with segments 11 at the tube mouth 9. This prevents charge 1 from flowing out of the ejection tube 2 during movement of the apparatus.
The manual actuation is served similarly by the three-position locking element 20. Compared with the earlier described apparatus, it is easy to see that the three-position locking element 20 can be regarded as a built together unit of the charging locking element 13 and locking element 19 (see Figure 1 ) starting the ejection.
The purpose of the holes 29 opening to the tube bottom 28 is to conduct the propellant 4 evenly below the charge 1. Its effect is manifest in reducing the cone angle of dispersion, which is significant indeed in the large diameter ejection tubes.
A similarly light, manual apparatus is presented in Figure 6.
~o~~~ ~~
The ejection tube 2 and propellant container 3 are fixed with threaded connection to both sides of a distance piece 83. Packing rings 85 and 86 are used for sealing. The end of the propellant container 3 is closed by a bottom element 71 as described earlier.
The distance piece 83 includes the transfer port 8 with a built in ball pivot actuated by handle 82.
A locking element 13 actuated by handwheel 88 joins through hole 84 the side of the distance piece 83 facing the propellant container 3. Such connecting elements 87 are built to the charging stub 12 machined on the locking element 13, which are suitable for taking in a giant C02 bottle 35. The connecting elements 87 are not shown in detail, because they are known from other fields of the technical life, e.g. from the household type siphon bottle.
The apparatus functions as follows.
After installing the COz bottle 35, the propellant container 3 can be charged up through locking element 13 with propellant 4 by turning the handwheel 88. The propellant is COZ gas in the present case. The propellant container 3 can be charged up several times from a giant COZ bottle 35. The charge 1 can be put into the ejection tube as well. The ball pivot 22 is closed as illustrated during charging. The apparatus is actuated upon opening the ball pivot 22 by turning the handle 82, and the propellant 4 flows through the transfer port 8 below charge 1. This triggers ejection of the charge 1.
An embodiment of the previous apparatus made similarly for manual use is shown in Figure 7.
Two ejection tubes 2 are connected to the distance piece 89. The ejection tubes 2 are flanged, sealed by gasket 92. They are fixed with screws (not shown).
A single propellant container 3 is fixed with screws 91 to the other side of the distance piece 89. It is sealed by gasket 90.
A transfer port 8 is machined in the distance piece 89 for each ejection tube 2, and each transfer port is provided with ball pivots 22 actuated by handles 82.
The locking element 13 opened and closed by handwheel 88 is connected to hole 84 in the distance piece 89 opening into the propellant container 3. A C02 bottle 35 is connected via connecting elements 87 will charging stub 12 machined on the locking element 13.
The apparatus functions as described earlier.
~E~~~1 v Naturally the two ejection tubes 2 can be actuated after each other following the repeated charge up of the propellant container 3. The apparatus has the advantage that each ejection tube 2 can be charged up in advance with charge 1, and several charges 1 can be ejected without the need of using the apparatus together with charging hoses, or to return to a service bay for charge up.
Figure 8 shows an embodiment of the apparatus fixed to distance piece 93 with screws 94, and sealed by gaskets 95 and 96. The distance piece 93 incorporates the transfer port 8 with butterfly valve 21 built in. The valve lever 97 of the butterfly valve 21 is hinged to piston rod 99 of the cylinder 98.
The propellant container 3 is closed with bottom element 100, sealed with gasket 102 and fixed with screws 101. Locking element 13 with charging stub 12 is connected with hole 103 of the bottom element 100. The charging stub 12 is connected through flexible hose 34 with the propellant source (not shown).
The operation does not require detailed description. After admitting the charge 1 and propellant 4, the butterfly valve 21 can be opened with the aid of cylinder 93, upon which the charge 1 is ejected.
It should be noted that the propellant 4 need not be in gaseous state for charge up, it may be liquefied C02 gas just as well. This - as described before -flows below the charge 1 already in gaseous state upon opening the butterfly valve 21.
Figures 9 to 11 show respective embodiments wherein the transfer port 8 is closed by a membrane 23. This can be made individually, or it may be factory-made or ready-made hermetically sealed slotted disc. In the factory production, the membrane 23 is worked together with the surrounding clamping rings 114 as to be leakage-proof without the use of packing. A semi-finished and completely ready-made slotted disc can also be used for the apparatus according to the invention.
In the factory-made apparatus shown in Figure 9, the ejection tube 2 is built to one side of the membrane 23 surrounded with clamping rings 114, while the propellant container 3 is built to the other side, sealed by gaskets 115 and 116 and fixed with screw 117.
A bottom element 104 together with gasket 118 and screws (not shown) is mounted to the other end of the propellant container 3, which is connected through duct 113 with locking element 13 and charging stub 12. A cylinder 106 with gasket 126 and screws (not shown) is built on the bottom element 104.
A bursting mandrel 24 is at the membrane 23 on the piston rod 107 of piston of cylinder 106. The piston rod 107 is supported against deflection by guide disc 105 fixed to the propellant container 3 by stitch welding or sticking. The unobstructed flow of propellant 4 is ensured by holes 110 in the guide disc 105. The cylinder 106 with the aid of pipe nipple 111 and flexible hose 112 can be connected with a compressed air source. The piston rod 107 is held in normal position by spring 109.
The apparatus begins to function upon applying pressure to the cylinder 106 after charging up the charge 1 and propellant 4. The piston 108 and the bursting mandrel 24 at the end of the piston rod 107 move at high speed in the direction of the membrane 23 and breaking it through. The propellant 4 flows through the free transfer port 8 below charge 1 and ejects it.
In the apparatus according to Figure 10, a forepressed membrane 23 is mounted between the ejection tube 2 and propellant container 3 with the aid of clamping rings 114, gaskets 127 and 128 and screws 129. The end of the propellant container 3 is closed by the welded-in bottom element 119, into which the locking element 13 with charging stub 12 is fitted.
The membrane 23 should have a compressive strength somewhat higher than the pressure of the propellant 4 in the propellant container 3 during charge up.
For making the apparatus operative, the pressure of the propellant 4 is further increased by opening the locking element 13 during ejection, the increased pressure cracks the membrane 23, whereby the transfer port 8 is freed.
The principle of operation demonstrates that the compressive strength of the membrane 23 should be selected to 1.2 - 1.5 times the rated charging pressure, thus it will be sufficiently safe against accidental rupture, but no excessive pressure is required for the ejection.
Figure 11 presents an apparatus used in such field, where remote control of the apparatus can not be accomplished with traditional elements. Such field is for example the deep working in a mine.
Here the membrane 23 built between the clamping rings 114 is joined to the ejection tube with gasket 130, to the propellant container with the insertion of a choking plate, supporting clamping ring 120, gasket 131 and screws 132. The end of the propellant container 3 is closed with a welded-in bottom element 133, into which the locking element 13 with charging stub 12 are mounted.
~:D
For actuation of the apparatus, first a detonating mechanism 26 is placed between the membrane 23 and choking plate 121. The detonating mechanism 26 may be any traditional explosive with electrically ignited primer, the electric wire of which is led in alongside the choking plate 121. Installation of the detonating mechanism 26 is followed by filling in the charge 1 and propellant 4 Here it is noted that besides water, many other materials can be used for charge 1. Such are for example the powders used for fire-fighting, moreover rock flour too may be the charge 1 in case of pit gas danger.
In deep working mines, the apparatus is used as follows. As many apparatuses -in charged condition - as required by the volume of the entries and size of the charge 1 are laid on the area endangered by pit gas. The electric wires 122 are connected to a -symbolically illustrated - firing mechanism 27 provided with sensors (not shown in Figure 11 ) reacting to the presence of pit gas, or fire. When for example the pit gas reaches the explosive level, the firing mechanism 27 explodes the detonating mechanism 26, which cracks the membrane 23 and the choking plate 121 made of much weaker material.
Thus the propellant 4 flows through the transfer port 8 below the charge, and ejects it.
The propellant 4 can be brought about with the aid of explosive as well.
In the apparatus shown in Figure 12, a locking disc 134 is mounted with gaskets 135 and 136 and screw 137 between the ejection tube 2 and propellant container 3. The propellant container 3 is closed by a threaded bottom element 123, into which a detonating mechanism 36 is placed with the aid of cap screw 124, connected through electric wire 138 with the firing mechanism 27. The sensing devices 141 are connected to the firing mechanism 27.
For operation of the apparatus an explosive 7 is placed into the propellant container 3. This could be any low explosive. Detonation of the explosive 7 brings about the propellant flowing below the charge 1 through the transfer port 8 which becomes free upon rupture of the locking disc 134.
Figure 13 presents the simplest version of the apparatus. The ejection tube 2 and propellant container 3 are machined as a single tube, so the transfer port is the full cross section of the tube. The propellant container 3 is closed by a welded-in bottom element 125 into which the detonating mechanism 36 is placed with the aid of cap screw 139. The detonating mechanism 36 is connected with electric wire 140 to the firing mechanism 27.
Sensing devices 141 are connected with the firing mechanism 27.
For operation of the apparatus, first the explosive 7 in a shell is placed into the propellant container 3 followed by putting on the charge 1 in a sealed bag 5 made of paper or synthetic foil. The propellant brought about upon detonation of the explosive 7 ejects the charge 1.
In connection with use of the bag 5, it should be noted, that it can be used in any version of the apparatus, since such energy is required for ejection of the charge 1 which tears apart the bag 5 by all means.
The bag 5 offers a further application possibility. With the process according to the invention only liquids or powdery materials can be ejected. With the aid of the bag 5 however, halogen gas can also be ejected, since it can be stored and filled in liquid state into the bag 5.
Figure 14 shows an embodiment of the apparatus which combines the advantages of the high energy derived from the explosion, and the holes arranged like a wreath at the tube bottom.
A bottom plate 142 is built between the ejection tube 2 and propellant container 3 with the aid of gaskets 143 and 144 and screws 145. The bottom plate 142 practically determines the tube bottom 28 of the ejection tube 2.
Holes 29 are arranged like a wreath in the bottom plate 142 in the vicinity of the tube bottom's edge 28. The bottom plate 142 is closed by membrane 23 between gasket 143 and bottom plate 142. In this case the membrane 23 may be a thin sheet of low strength or a foil.
The holes 29 are connected with the transfer port 8. According to the drawing, its cross section is practically the same as that of the propellant container 3, but a construction as shown in Figure 3 is also feasible. It should be noted that although the Figures - except one - present such versions, where the diameter of the ejection tube and propellant container is the same, but this is not necessary at all.
The propellant container 3 is closed by a bottom element 146 into which the detonating mechanism 36 is fixed with the aid of a cap screw 147. The detonating mechanism is interconnected through electric wire 148 with a manually operated firing mechanism 27.
For operation of the apparatus, the charge 1 is placed into the ejection tube 2, and propellant container 3 is filled with explosive 7. The firing mechanism 27 explodes the detonator, which in tum detonates the explosive 7.
The propellant brought about by the explosive 7 flows through the holes 29, tears apart the membrane 23, then flowing below the charge 2, ejects it.
The foregoing description demonstrates that one of the main fields of application of the process and apparatus is in fire-fighting. It is assumed to be an extremely great advantage, that - due to the fine distribution - considerably less amount of fire-fighting material, first of all water is required, than if it were discharged with traditional means.
Naturally, the invention is applicable elsewhere, and the process can be realized with other apparatuses as well.
As the pressure rises in the cylinder space 37, the check valve 18 opens, and the propellant container 3 is charged up with propellant 4, i.e. compressed air. Upon completion of the charging, the locking element 13 has to be closed by turning the handle 62.
During this period of the operation the locking element 19 has to be kept in closed condition.
Simultaneously with charging up the propellant container 3, the charge 1 can be placed into the ejection tube 2. In the present case it is water as indicated in Figure 1. By filling with the charge 1 and propellant 4, the apparatus is ready to eject.
For ejection of charge 1, the locking element 19 has to be opened by turning the handle 63. At this point, the cylinder space 37 of cylinder 17 becomes discharged through the annular space 49, hole 51, flexible hose 61, duct 57 and locking element 19 towards the surroundings. Pressure of the propellant 4 in the propellant container 3 moves the piston 16 in the direction of the cover 45, thereby lifting the valve 14 off the valve seat 15.
Opening of the valve 14 is extremely quick, it takes only milliseconds.
Through the free transfer port 8 the propellant 4 presses onward with elementary force below the charge 1 and ejects it from the ejection tube 2 at high speed, and the charge disintegrates in the air forming a nearly regular fog.
After ejection, charging of the apparatus can be repeated, i.e. the actuation is periodical.
As it is expected from the foregoing, the result of the process depends on several factors.
First of all, the speed of the process in time and magnitude of the utilized energy have a decisive role. If the propellant 4 is brought behind the charge 1 in a longer time than 20 msec, or the pressure of the propellant does not reach 20 bar, then neither the size of the liquid drops, nor their distribution will be homogeneous, and the drop size will be greater than to speak about fog, spray or aerosol.
Even if complying with the former requirements, considerable deviation will appear from the UD ratio of the ejection tube (L = length, D = diameter) and from the ratio of the volume VK of the ejection tube and volume VT of the charge 1.
These two E
~00~ 1 ~5 characteristics influence fineness of the atomization, range of the ejection, and cone angle of the dispersion.
The L/D ratio should be selected between 2 and 20. If the L/D ratio is smaller than two, the cone angle of the dispersion will be so much that the atomization is no longer homogeneous, the drops spreading to the side will be unacceptably large, and their energy low, thus they do not get far enough. The L/D ratio theoretically could be greater than 20, but it is unnecessary, as it would not influence the result of the process.
The ratio between the volume of the ejection tube VK and volume of the charge VT should be selected between 25 and 100%. Its effect is in direct proportion to the cone angle of the dispersion, i.e. if ratio of the volumes is smaller, the cone angle of the dispersion will also be smaller. Ratio of the volumes influences not only the described effect of the cone angle of dispersion. At smaller volume ratio the coverage of the apparatus is greater and the atomization is finer and more homogeneous.
Finally, the ratio between volume of the charge VT and volume of the propellant VH measured in normal condition will considerably influence marking out the field of application of the apparatus. This ratio can be selected between 30 and 750.
It is evident that this characterizes the magnitude of the energy utilized for ejection. It has to be premised that the apparatus according to the invention can be produced as to be kept in the hand, but it may be produced with large dimensions in stable construction.
The manual use, e.g. small fire extinguishers do not require great energy, and the use is not recommended either, because the reaction force might be too excessive, causing injury to the operator.
At the same time, the invention enables to produce apparatuses suitable for quenching oil or gas bursts. These apparatuses are set up on a fixed stand farther from the boring tower, and the ejection is carried out with such energy that not only the fire extinguishing charge should be effective, but the flame would be blown out as well.
It is pointless to increase the energy without restraint. The air resistance absolutely limits both the range and narrowing the dispersion. Therefore, it is unnecessary to go over 750 with the volume ratio.
An embodiment suitable for manual use is shown in Figures 3 to 5.
The ejection tube 2 and propellant container 3 are made independently and mounted on both sides of a distance piece 64. The ejection tube 2 is fixed with screws 65 with the aid of a welded-on flanged hub, a gasket 66 between them ensures a leakage-proof 2~~1~ ~ 9 assembly. The propellant container 3 is fixed to the distances piece 64 similarly with a welded-on flanged hub. It is fixed with screws, and sealed by gasket 68.
The end of the propellant container 3 is closed with a welded bottom piece 71.
The transfer port 8 is machined into the distance piece 64. The lower end of the interior of the ejection tube 2 forms the tube bottom 28 in the distance piece 64 so that a threaded insert 73 is driven into the distance piece 64. Holes 29 are in the insert 73 branching off from the transfer port 8, and their openings 30 open along the circumference of the tube bottom 28 into the space of the ejection tube 2. The holes 29 start out of a distribution space 76, this however is regarded in respect of flow as part of the transfer port 8.
The valve seat 15 on which the valve 14 rests is machined around the end of the transfer port 8 facing the propellant container 3.
The valve 14 and the actuating piston 16 are made as a single piece. The operation is conditional on the cross section A of piston 16 being greater than the cross section a of the transfer port 8.
The cylinder 17 with the piston 16 in it is machined in the distance piece 64.
The piston 16 is sealed with a packing ring 43 shaped like a pot to prevent jamming. Its operation is ensured by spring 47 as described earlier.
The cylinder space 37 of cylinder 17 is closed by cover 69 fixed with screws to the distance piece 64. A check valve 18 is provided in cover 69 opening towards the space of propellant container 3.
An annular valve space 81 is provided on the side of piston 16 facing the valve seat 15. The valve space 81 is interconnected through ducts 72 with space or the propellant container 3. Only one duct 72 is shown in the drawing, but it is advisable to prepare more of them because of the lower flow resistance.
A hole 78 in the distance piece 64 adjoins the cylinder space 37. The three-position locking element 20 adjoins the hole 78. One of the connecting stubs of the three-position locking element 20 is connected through flexible hose 34 with a compressed air source (not shown), and the other connecting stub opens to the surroundings.
The three-position locking element 20 is actuated by handle 80.
A hole 75 leading to the space of the ejection tube 2 is provided on that part of the distance piece 64 which surrounds the space of the ejection tube 2. A
charging stub 31 I
adjoining through locking element 32 the hole 75 is connected through flexible hose 33 with a water cock (not shown). The locking element 32 is a ball pivot actuated with handle 79.
A locking element 10 is fixed to the mouth 9 of the ejection tube 2. This may be a rubber sheet divided into segments 11. The locking element 10 is pressed by ring 76 to 5 the tube mouth 9. The ring 76 is fixed by screws 77.
The apparatus generally functions as described before.
In one position of the three-position locking element 20, the cylinder space is connected through flexible hose 34 with a compressor. Thus the piston 16 keeps the valve 14 in a closed state, while the propellant container 3 is charged up through check valve 18 10 with propellant 4, in this case compressed air.
After charging up the propellant container 3, the three-position locking element is turned by handle 80 to the position shown in Figure 3.
By opening the locking element 32, the ejection tube 2 can also be charged up.
Naturally the earlier described aspects have to be reckoned with for charging up. After 15 charging up the ejection tube 2, the locking element 32 can be closed with handle 79. Now the apparatus is ready for actuation.
The apparatus is actuated by turning the three-position locking element 20, when it interconnects the cylinder space 37 through hole 78 with the surroundings.
At this point the piston 16 moves and the valve 14 opens the transfer port 8. The out-flowing propellant 20 4 ejects the charge 1.
The apparatus is made specifically for manual use, therefore it is provided with a grip and a shoulder strap (not shown). The manual use necessitates the application of locking element 10 with segments 11 at the tube mouth 9. This prevents charge 1 from flowing out of the ejection tube 2 during movement of the apparatus.
The manual actuation is served similarly by the three-position locking element 20. Compared with the earlier described apparatus, it is easy to see that the three-position locking element 20 can be regarded as a built together unit of the charging locking element 13 and locking element 19 (see Figure 1 ) starting the ejection.
The purpose of the holes 29 opening to the tube bottom 28 is to conduct the propellant 4 evenly below the charge 1. Its effect is manifest in reducing the cone angle of dispersion, which is significant indeed in the large diameter ejection tubes.
A similarly light, manual apparatus is presented in Figure 6.
~o~~~ ~~
The ejection tube 2 and propellant container 3 are fixed with threaded connection to both sides of a distance piece 83. Packing rings 85 and 86 are used for sealing. The end of the propellant container 3 is closed by a bottom element 71 as described earlier.
The distance piece 83 includes the transfer port 8 with a built in ball pivot actuated by handle 82.
A locking element 13 actuated by handwheel 88 joins through hole 84 the side of the distance piece 83 facing the propellant container 3. Such connecting elements 87 are built to the charging stub 12 machined on the locking element 13, which are suitable for taking in a giant C02 bottle 35. The connecting elements 87 are not shown in detail, because they are known from other fields of the technical life, e.g. from the household type siphon bottle.
The apparatus functions as follows.
After installing the COz bottle 35, the propellant container 3 can be charged up through locking element 13 with propellant 4 by turning the handwheel 88. The propellant is COZ gas in the present case. The propellant container 3 can be charged up several times from a giant COZ bottle 35. The charge 1 can be put into the ejection tube as well. The ball pivot 22 is closed as illustrated during charging. The apparatus is actuated upon opening the ball pivot 22 by turning the handle 82, and the propellant 4 flows through the transfer port 8 below charge 1. This triggers ejection of the charge 1.
An embodiment of the previous apparatus made similarly for manual use is shown in Figure 7.
Two ejection tubes 2 are connected to the distance piece 89. The ejection tubes 2 are flanged, sealed by gasket 92. They are fixed with screws (not shown).
A single propellant container 3 is fixed with screws 91 to the other side of the distance piece 89. It is sealed by gasket 90.
A transfer port 8 is machined in the distance piece 89 for each ejection tube 2, and each transfer port is provided with ball pivots 22 actuated by handles 82.
The locking element 13 opened and closed by handwheel 88 is connected to hole 84 in the distance piece 89 opening into the propellant container 3. A C02 bottle 35 is connected via connecting elements 87 will charging stub 12 machined on the locking element 13.
The apparatus functions as described earlier.
~E~~~1 v Naturally the two ejection tubes 2 can be actuated after each other following the repeated charge up of the propellant container 3. The apparatus has the advantage that each ejection tube 2 can be charged up in advance with charge 1, and several charges 1 can be ejected without the need of using the apparatus together with charging hoses, or to return to a service bay for charge up.
Figure 8 shows an embodiment of the apparatus fixed to distance piece 93 with screws 94, and sealed by gaskets 95 and 96. The distance piece 93 incorporates the transfer port 8 with butterfly valve 21 built in. The valve lever 97 of the butterfly valve 21 is hinged to piston rod 99 of the cylinder 98.
The propellant container 3 is closed with bottom element 100, sealed with gasket 102 and fixed with screws 101. Locking element 13 with charging stub 12 is connected with hole 103 of the bottom element 100. The charging stub 12 is connected through flexible hose 34 with the propellant source (not shown).
The operation does not require detailed description. After admitting the charge 1 and propellant 4, the butterfly valve 21 can be opened with the aid of cylinder 93, upon which the charge 1 is ejected.
It should be noted that the propellant 4 need not be in gaseous state for charge up, it may be liquefied C02 gas just as well. This - as described before -flows below the charge 1 already in gaseous state upon opening the butterfly valve 21.
Figures 9 to 11 show respective embodiments wherein the transfer port 8 is closed by a membrane 23. This can be made individually, or it may be factory-made or ready-made hermetically sealed slotted disc. In the factory production, the membrane 23 is worked together with the surrounding clamping rings 114 as to be leakage-proof without the use of packing. A semi-finished and completely ready-made slotted disc can also be used for the apparatus according to the invention.
In the factory-made apparatus shown in Figure 9, the ejection tube 2 is built to one side of the membrane 23 surrounded with clamping rings 114, while the propellant container 3 is built to the other side, sealed by gaskets 115 and 116 and fixed with screw 117.
A bottom element 104 together with gasket 118 and screws (not shown) is mounted to the other end of the propellant container 3, which is connected through duct 113 with locking element 13 and charging stub 12. A cylinder 106 with gasket 126 and screws (not shown) is built on the bottom element 104.
A bursting mandrel 24 is at the membrane 23 on the piston rod 107 of piston of cylinder 106. The piston rod 107 is supported against deflection by guide disc 105 fixed to the propellant container 3 by stitch welding or sticking. The unobstructed flow of propellant 4 is ensured by holes 110 in the guide disc 105. The cylinder 106 with the aid of pipe nipple 111 and flexible hose 112 can be connected with a compressed air source. The piston rod 107 is held in normal position by spring 109.
The apparatus begins to function upon applying pressure to the cylinder 106 after charging up the charge 1 and propellant 4. The piston 108 and the bursting mandrel 24 at the end of the piston rod 107 move at high speed in the direction of the membrane 23 and breaking it through. The propellant 4 flows through the free transfer port 8 below charge 1 and ejects it.
In the apparatus according to Figure 10, a forepressed membrane 23 is mounted between the ejection tube 2 and propellant container 3 with the aid of clamping rings 114, gaskets 127 and 128 and screws 129. The end of the propellant container 3 is closed by the welded-in bottom element 119, into which the locking element 13 with charging stub 12 is fitted.
The membrane 23 should have a compressive strength somewhat higher than the pressure of the propellant 4 in the propellant container 3 during charge up.
For making the apparatus operative, the pressure of the propellant 4 is further increased by opening the locking element 13 during ejection, the increased pressure cracks the membrane 23, whereby the transfer port 8 is freed.
The principle of operation demonstrates that the compressive strength of the membrane 23 should be selected to 1.2 - 1.5 times the rated charging pressure, thus it will be sufficiently safe against accidental rupture, but no excessive pressure is required for the ejection.
Figure 11 presents an apparatus used in such field, where remote control of the apparatus can not be accomplished with traditional elements. Such field is for example the deep working in a mine.
Here the membrane 23 built between the clamping rings 114 is joined to the ejection tube with gasket 130, to the propellant container with the insertion of a choking plate, supporting clamping ring 120, gasket 131 and screws 132. The end of the propellant container 3 is closed with a welded-in bottom element 133, into which the locking element 13 with charging stub 12 are mounted.
~:D
For actuation of the apparatus, first a detonating mechanism 26 is placed between the membrane 23 and choking plate 121. The detonating mechanism 26 may be any traditional explosive with electrically ignited primer, the electric wire of which is led in alongside the choking plate 121. Installation of the detonating mechanism 26 is followed by filling in the charge 1 and propellant 4 Here it is noted that besides water, many other materials can be used for charge 1. Such are for example the powders used for fire-fighting, moreover rock flour too may be the charge 1 in case of pit gas danger.
In deep working mines, the apparatus is used as follows. As many apparatuses -in charged condition - as required by the volume of the entries and size of the charge 1 are laid on the area endangered by pit gas. The electric wires 122 are connected to a -symbolically illustrated - firing mechanism 27 provided with sensors (not shown in Figure 11 ) reacting to the presence of pit gas, or fire. When for example the pit gas reaches the explosive level, the firing mechanism 27 explodes the detonating mechanism 26, which cracks the membrane 23 and the choking plate 121 made of much weaker material.
Thus the propellant 4 flows through the transfer port 8 below the charge, and ejects it.
The propellant 4 can be brought about with the aid of explosive as well.
In the apparatus shown in Figure 12, a locking disc 134 is mounted with gaskets 135 and 136 and screw 137 between the ejection tube 2 and propellant container 3. The propellant container 3 is closed by a threaded bottom element 123, into which a detonating mechanism 36 is placed with the aid of cap screw 124, connected through electric wire 138 with the firing mechanism 27. The sensing devices 141 are connected to the firing mechanism 27.
For operation of the apparatus an explosive 7 is placed into the propellant container 3. This could be any low explosive. Detonation of the explosive 7 brings about the propellant flowing below the charge 1 through the transfer port 8 which becomes free upon rupture of the locking disc 134.
Figure 13 presents the simplest version of the apparatus. The ejection tube 2 and propellant container 3 are machined as a single tube, so the transfer port is the full cross section of the tube. The propellant container 3 is closed by a welded-in bottom element 125 into which the detonating mechanism 36 is placed with the aid of cap screw 139. The detonating mechanism 36 is connected with electric wire 140 to the firing mechanism 27.
Sensing devices 141 are connected with the firing mechanism 27.
For operation of the apparatus, first the explosive 7 in a shell is placed into the propellant container 3 followed by putting on the charge 1 in a sealed bag 5 made of paper or synthetic foil. The propellant brought about upon detonation of the explosive 7 ejects the charge 1.
In connection with use of the bag 5, it should be noted, that it can be used in any version of the apparatus, since such energy is required for ejection of the charge 1 which tears apart the bag 5 by all means.
The bag 5 offers a further application possibility. With the process according to the invention only liquids or powdery materials can be ejected. With the aid of the bag 5 however, halogen gas can also be ejected, since it can be stored and filled in liquid state into the bag 5.
Figure 14 shows an embodiment of the apparatus which combines the advantages of the high energy derived from the explosion, and the holes arranged like a wreath at the tube bottom.
A bottom plate 142 is built between the ejection tube 2 and propellant container 3 with the aid of gaskets 143 and 144 and screws 145. The bottom plate 142 practically determines the tube bottom 28 of the ejection tube 2.
Holes 29 are arranged like a wreath in the bottom plate 142 in the vicinity of the tube bottom's edge 28. The bottom plate 142 is closed by membrane 23 between gasket 143 and bottom plate 142. In this case the membrane 23 may be a thin sheet of low strength or a foil.
The holes 29 are connected with the transfer port 8. According to the drawing, its cross section is practically the same as that of the propellant container 3, but a construction as shown in Figure 3 is also feasible. It should be noted that although the Figures - except one - present such versions, where the diameter of the ejection tube and propellant container is the same, but this is not necessary at all.
The propellant container 3 is closed by a bottom element 146 into which the detonating mechanism 36 is fixed with the aid of a cap screw 147. The detonating mechanism is interconnected through electric wire 148 with a manually operated firing mechanism 27.
For operation of the apparatus, the charge 1 is placed into the ejection tube 2, and propellant container 3 is filled with explosive 7. The firing mechanism 27 explodes the detonator, which in tum detonates the explosive 7.
The propellant brought about by the explosive 7 flows through the holes 29, tears apart the membrane 23, then flowing below the charge 2, ejects it.
The foregoing description demonstrates that one of the main fields of application of the process and apparatus is in fire-fighting. It is assumed to be an extremely great advantage, that - due to the fine distribution - considerably less amount of fire-fighting material, first of all water is required, than if it were discharged with traditional means.
Naturally, the invention is applicable elsewhere, and the process can be realized with other apparatuses as well.
Claims (23)
1. A process for the fine dispersion of a liquid or powder charge into a gaseous medium, comprising the steps of:
placing the liquid or powder charge into an ejection tube, the liquid or powder charge constituting an amount equivalent to 25 to 100 % of the volume of the ejection tube;
filling a propellant container with a pressurized gaseous propellant of at least10 bar pressure, the quantity of pressurized gaseous propellant amounting to between 30 and 750 times the volume of the charge under normal pressure; and opening a transfer port communicating between said propellant container and said ejection tube, and thereby conducting the pressurized gaseous propellant from the propellant container into the ejection tube behind the charge in a maximum of 20milliseconds, whereby the pressurized gaseous propellant expands and expels the charge from the ejection tube to form a fine dispersion of the charge.
placing the liquid or powder charge into an ejection tube, the liquid or powder charge constituting an amount equivalent to 25 to 100 % of the volume of the ejection tube;
filling a propellant container with a pressurized gaseous propellant of at least10 bar pressure, the quantity of pressurized gaseous propellant amounting to between 30 and 750 times the volume of the charge under normal pressure; and opening a transfer port communicating between said propellant container and said ejection tube, and thereby conducting the pressurized gaseous propellant from the propellant container into the ejection tube behind the charge in a maximum of 20milliseconds, whereby the pressurized gaseous propellant expands and expels the charge from the ejection tube to form a fine dispersion of the charge.
2. A process according to claim 1, wherein said charge is placed into a bag which is then closed and placed into the ejection tube.
3. A process according to claim 1, wherein said propellant is received into the propellant container from any one of an external high pressure gas source, aconventional CO2 cartridge, and by the detonation of an explosive material disposed within the propellant container.
4. A process according to claim 2, wherein an explosive in a conventional shell is placed into said propellant container, and said charge is filled into said bag, and said bag is placed directly onto the top of said explosive shell, an upper portion of said shell defining said transfer port being opened upon detonation of the explosive.
5. A process according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein the gaseous medium is air.
6. A process according to claim 2 or 4, wherein the bag is formed of synthetic foil or paper.
7. An apparatus for the fine dispersion of a liquid or powder charge into a gaseous medium, comprising:
an ejection tube capable of holding said liquid or powder charge, a ratio between the length of the ejection tube and the inside diameter thereof being from 2 to 20;
a propellant container disposed at one end of said ejection tube;
a transfer port communicating with said propellant container and said ejection tube, for conducting a pressurized gaseous propellant from the propellant container into the ejection tube; and a quick action valve element disposed in said transfer port for controlling release of pressurized gaseous propellant from the propellant container into the ejection tube.
an ejection tube capable of holding said liquid or powder charge, a ratio between the length of the ejection tube and the inside diameter thereof being from 2 to 20;
a propellant container disposed at one end of said ejection tube;
a transfer port communicating with said propellant container and said ejection tube, for conducting a pressurized gaseous propellant from the propellant container into the ejection tube; and a quick action valve element disposed in said transfer port for controlling release of pressurized gaseous propellant from the propellant container into the ejection tube.
8. An apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising an automatically closing and locking element consisting of at least one segment of an elastic material arranged at an open end of the ejection tube.
9. An apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said ejection tube includes a charging stub provided with a valve element and connected through a hose to a liquid supply system.
10. An apparatus according to claim 7, wherein an ejection tube bottom is formed at the ejection tube end adjacent to said propellant container, said transfer port passing through said ejection tube bottom, and wherein said transfer port includes two or more tubes branching radially outward and toward the discharge end of the ejection tube, openings of said tubes being formed peripherally in said ejection tube bottom.
11. An apparatus according to claim 9, wherein said propellant container includes a charging stub for connection with a propellant supplying device.
12. An apparatus according to claim 11, wherein said propellant container charging stub is provided with a valve having a first position for communicating said propellant container with said propellant supplying device, and a second position for communicating said propellant container with the surroundings.
13. An apparatus according to claim 11 or 12, wherein said charging stub is provided with means for operative connection to a CO2 cartridge.
14. An apparatus according to claim 11, 12 or 13, wherein said quick action valve element comprises:
a valve member resting on a valve seat machined around said transfer port from the direction of the propellant container, a piston in actuating connection with said valve member, said piston being movable within a cylinder space, the cylinder space communicating with the propellant container through a check valve closing towards the cylinder space, with the surroundings via a first duct and a respective locking element, and finally with the charging stub of the propellant container, whereby, during charging of the propellant container, gaseous propellant flows through the propellant container charging stub to the cylinder space, and then into the propellant container via the check valve, and whereby said valve member is opened by movement of said piston within said cylinder space when said locking element is opened to discharge gaseous propellant from said cylinder space to the surroundings via a second duct.
a valve member resting on a valve seat machined around said transfer port from the direction of the propellant container, a piston in actuating connection with said valve member, said piston being movable within a cylinder space, the cylinder space communicating with the propellant container through a check valve closing towards the cylinder space, with the surroundings via a first duct and a respective locking element, and finally with the charging stub of the propellant container, whereby, during charging of the propellant container, gaseous propellant flows through the propellant container charging stub to the cylinder space, and then into the propellant container via the check valve, and whereby said valve member is opened by movement of said piston within said cylinder space when said locking element is opened to discharge gaseous propellant from said cylinder space to the surroundings via a second duct.
15. An apparatus according to claim 14, wherein said cylinder space and a propellant container end-wall containing said transfer port are machined from a single piece, and the diameter of the transfer port is smaller than the diameter of the cylinder space.
16. An apparatus according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the charging stub of the propellant container has a valve element interconnected with said cylinder space, and said valve element and the locking element interconnecting the cylinder space with the surroundings are machined as a single three-position valve element.
17. An apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said quick action valve element is a butterfly valve, a ball valve, or a membrane.
18. An apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the quick action valve element is a membrane, and the compressive strength of the membrane closing the transfer port is from 1.2 to 1.5 times the rated charging pressure of the propellant container.
19. An apparatus according to claim 18, wherein a bursting mandrel is arranged from the direction of the propellant container behind the membrane closing the transfer port, and the shank of the bursting mandrel is in mechanical connection with an actuating mechanism arranged outside the propellant container.
20. An apparatus according to claim 18, wherein a detonating mechanism or primer cap is provided in contact with said membrane, and said detonating mechanism or primer cap is interconnected with a firing mechanism.
21. An apparatus according to claim 7, wherein an explosive material is disposed within the propellant container to which a conventional detonating mechanism is interconnected with a firing mechanism.
22. An apparatus according to claim 20 or 21, wherein said firing mechanism is in actuating connection with an instrument or instrument system sensing the presence of an explosive gas mixture and/or fire.
23. An apparatus according to any one of claims 7 to 22, including two or more ejection tubes operating in conjunction with a common propellant container, each ejection tube being connected separately with the common propellant container via a respective transfer port, each said transfer port being closed by a respective quick action valve element.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| HU20/89 | 1989-01-04 | ||
| HU8920A HU203995B (en) | 1989-01-04 | 1989-01-04 | Method and apparatus for fine dispersing fluid or powder in gaseous medium advantageously air |
| HU1444589 | 1989-05-26 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2007195A1 CA2007195A1 (en) | 1990-07-04 |
| CA2007195C true CA2007195C (en) | 1998-08-25 |
Family
ID=26317139
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002007195A Expired - Lifetime CA2007195C (en) | 1989-01-04 | 1990-01-04 | Process and apparatus for the fine dispersion of liquids or powders in a gaseous medium |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| KR (1) | KR940004232B1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9000021A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2007195C (en) |
| DK (1) | DK173493B1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI92018C (en) |
| IE (1) | IE63879B1 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO177129C (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ232011A (en) |
-
1990
- 1990-01-03 NO NO900014A patent/NO177129C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-01-03 DK DK199000010A patent/DK173493B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-01-03 IE IE1990A patent/IE63879B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-01-03 BR BR909000021A patent/BR9000021A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-01-04 CA CA002007195A patent/CA2007195C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-01-04 NZ NZ232011A patent/NZ232011A/en unknown
- 1990-01-04 KR KR1019900000014A patent/KR940004232B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-01-04 FI FI900049A patent/FI92018C/en active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR940004232B1 (en) | 1994-05-19 |
| FI92018C (en) | 1994-09-26 |
| CA2007195A1 (en) | 1990-07-04 |
| FI92018B (en) | 1994-06-15 |
| NO900014L (en) | 1990-07-05 |
| NO900014D0 (en) | 1990-01-03 |
| DK173493B1 (en) | 2001-01-02 |
| IE900019L (en) | 1990-07-04 |
| DK1090D0 (en) | 1990-01-03 |
| FI900049A0 (en) | 1990-01-04 |
| FI900049A (en) | 1990-07-05 |
| IE63879B1 (en) | 1995-06-14 |
| NO177129B (en) | 1995-04-18 |
| BR9000021A (en) | 1990-10-09 |
| DK1090A (en) | 1990-07-05 |
| NZ232011A (en) | 1992-08-26 |
| NO177129C (en) | 1995-07-26 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |