CA2006492A1 - Rehabilitation of surfaces and wearing slab therefor - Google Patents
Rehabilitation of surfaces and wearing slab thereforInfo
- Publication number
- CA2006492A1 CA2006492A1 CA002006492A CA2006492A CA2006492A1 CA 2006492 A1 CA2006492 A1 CA 2006492A1 CA 002006492 A CA002006492 A CA 002006492A CA 2006492 A CA2006492 A CA 2006492A CA 2006492 A1 CA2006492 A1 CA 2006492A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- grain
- wearing
- binding agent
- weather resistant
- mono
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C11/00—Details of pavings
- E01C11/005—Methods or materials for repairing pavings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
- E04G23/0281—Repairing or restoring roofing or roof covering
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A reconstruction system for surfaces, in particular road surfaces, roof surfaces, and terrace surfaces, with an insulating layer and a wearing layer, is characterized in that the insulating layer is built up in a manner known per se from permanently elastoplastic adhesive and the wearing layer that is incorporated above this is formed from pre-fabricated wearing panels that consist of a wear resistant mono-grain or grain mixture, free of a fine fraction of less than 0.3 mm, this being bound by a weather resistant and water-vapour permeable binding agent. A pre-fabricated wearing panel suitable for this purpose is formed, for example, from wear resistant mono-grain arranged grain on grain, that is imbedded only in part in a bed of weather resistant water-vapour permeable binding agent, the part that is free of the binding agent forming the useful surface of the wearing panel.
A reconstruction system for surfaces, in particular road surfaces, roof surfaces, and terrace surfaces, with an insulating layer and a wearing layer, is characterized in that the insulating layer is built up in a manner known per se from permanently elastoplastic adhesive and the wearing layer that is incorporated above this is formed from pre-fabricated wearing panels that consist of a wear resistant mono-grain or grain mixture, free of a fine fraction of less than 0.3 mm, this being bound by a weather resistant and water-vapour permeable binding agent. A pre-fabricated wearing panel suitable for this purpose is formed, for example, from wear resistant mono-grain arranged grain on grain, that is imbedded only in part in a bed of weather resistant water-vapour permeable binding agent, the part that is free of the binding agent forming the useful surface of the wearing panel.
Description
- Z~ 4~32 The present invention relates to the reconstruction of sur~aces found in civil engineering, in particular damaged road surfaces, roofing surfaces, and surfaces such as terraces, in the residential area.
The most varied methods have been used in order to rehabilitate road surfaces, primarily in garages. In practice, this has been done by grinding of~ the damaged areas of the surface with subsequent reapplication of bonding coats which, because of their mechanical properties, must be applied at a minimum thickness o~
several centimeters. Insofar as sufficient load bearing capacity is provided, poured asphalt is applied, this being done without any loss of thickness caused by grinding. The disadvantages of this are the plastic deformability under constant load and vulnerability to crude oil derivatives. In the case of damage that does not ~xtend deep into the substance, these can be recoated to a thickness of a ~ew centimeters with a binary bonded plastic mortar. The disadvantages of this are impermeability to gas and the danger of slipping or skidding, particularly when the surfaoe is wet. Common to all of these systems, however, is the disadvantage, which can be attributed to mechanical circumstances, that cracks cannot be filled without breaking the coating. ; -The profile damage done in multi-storey parking garages is characterized, in particular, by damages to the road surfaces and '''"'` ' " : ' ' " '' :"' ' ' ~ ' .,j, . . . - . . .
,~ :; ,~ , - , . , , . : , -:: - . , :
.,: :. . . . . :,: . .. . .
: ~ 2~6~Z
by cracks in the supporting structure, which can result in damage being done to the finish of vehicles parked within the structure, because rain water can leach salts out of the concrete and after evaporation these can remain on the painted surface of the vehicles as residues, insoluble in water, after evaporation.
One is confronted by similar problems when reconstructing surfaces in the residential area, in particular during reconstruction of roof surfaces and terraces. In practice, it has been found that in special flat roof surfaces there will be leaks in hidden places. These are caused by aging, mechanical damage, or defective installation; very frequently, plastic or bitumen strips or galvanized sheet metal strips are used for such purposes. In contrast to this, terrace reinforcements consist as a rule, of horizontal insulation, with a cement coating or tiles or concrete slabs laid in a thin mortar bed on the installation, serving as wearing layers.
Up to now, in order to reconstruct damage of this sort it has always been necessary to remove the old material; this causes not only very high labour costs, but also means that the site is exposed to the weather for a long period while it is unprotected.
Further disadvantages of the known hydraulically bound systems and bitumen bound structural materials are the required minimum coating thickness of several centimeters, the associated ~;
increased surface loads, the need to raise drains to the new `-~,1 2~10~
level, etc. All of these measures, primarily during the rehabilitation o~ horizontal moisture installation, require that the surface remain unused for a certain amount of time. During the reconstruction of travelled surEaces, as well as in the residential area, such as in the case of flat roofs and terraces, it would, for this reason, be desirable to have available systems that can be reused immediately after they have been laid.
In order to solve this problem, the present invention proposes a reconstruction system for surfaces, in particular for road surfaces, roofing surfaces, and terraced surfaces, this havin~ an insulating layer and a wearing layer, the insulating layer being built up in the manner Xnown per se from an adhesive that is permanently elasto-plastic, and the wearing layer that is applied above this that is made up of pre-fabricated wearing panels, these consisting of wear resistant mono-grain or mixed grain mixture that is bonded with a weather resistant, water-vapour permeable bonding agent, and which is free of fine particles of less than 0.3 mm.
According to one embodiment of the reconstruction system according to the present invention, the wear resistant mono-grain is only imbedded in part in a bed of weather resistant bonding agent, whereas the part of the useful surface of the wearing panel that is free of binding agent, forms the useful surface of the wearing panel, for example, a traffic surface.
. . .. , i . ~ ~ ! ' ' , ''J" "' . ~' ' ' '' ' ' ' ' ' " '. ' '. ' :` . . '-2G31[~6~
The reconstruction system according to the present invention can, in practice, be used as follows:
In a first step, after the usual cleaning of the sub-surface, for example by high pressure water jets or sand blasting, an insulating layer which, after hardening in the useful temperature range of ~80C to -40C, and thus under all temperature conditions encountered in practice, will remain permanently ~ `
elastoplastic and fill in cracks, is applied. The re~uired permeability to water vapour is provided as a consequence of the special structure of the insulating layer, in particular of the ratio of plastic to hydraulic bonding agent.
In a second step, finished panels with a specially configured surface are laid in this insulating layer that is impermeable to water and which bridges cracks. These pre-fabricated wearing panels consist, according to one embodiment of the present invention, of aggregates, grain on grain, the bonding of which is ;
only affected up to a part of the grain diameter, for example, up ~;-to approximately 60% of the diameter, using a weather resistant bonding agent of binary synthetic resin or thermoplasts.
.: . .
The surface that has been reconstructed, for example a traffic surface, can be used immediately after the pre-fabricated wearing panel has been imbedded. The required non-skid properties are ensured since the travelled surface consists exclusively of grain 26~0~
on grain, without any bonding agent. In addition, water permeability can be controlled to the desired extent by the structure of the bonding agent and by the small thickness of the wearing layer.
In contrast to formerly known, purely hydraulically hardened systems, which cannot be disturbed by pressure or vibration during hydration, the reconstruction process according to the present invention is entirely unaffected in this regard.
According to a further embodiment of the present invention, the pre-fabricated wearing panel is formed from a wear resistant grain mixture that is free of fine fractions of less than 0.3 mm and is bonded by a weather resistant, water permeable binding agent. The grain in these wearing panels is enclosed by the binding agent system. Wearing panels of this type are especially suitable, for example, for reconstructing terraces and balconies in residential accommodation.
The present invention will be described in greater detail below on the basis of the examples that follow.
EXAMPLE l:
The sub-surface is 15 year-old concrete, grade B 400, that has been removed so as to form grooves, to a depth of 1 cm by tire 2~0~
studsand additionally damaged in the form of plate-sized shell-like spalling caused by frost.
In a first stage of the process, the surface is cleaned with a high pressure water jet without any damage being done to the structure of the concrete. In a second step, the areas of the plate-sized spalling are filled with filling mortar modified with conventional plastic dispersion. Once this filling mortar hardens cement and 1 part by weight plastic dispersion, with a gamma value o~ 1.6 at a thickness of 2 mm is applied as a horizontal moisture installation. In order to increase elongation at break, an alkaline-resistant textile mat of 300 ~;
gr/m2 is installed. The plastic dispersion that is used has ;
elasto-plastic properties, is permanently adhesive, and has a T~AX~ determined according to DIN 53.445, of -40C. ;
' ,' The hardened mixture, with a weight ratio of 1:1 consisting of cement and dispersion remains permanently elastoplastic over a wide temperature range, even at -20C, and is permanently adhesive. Because of the high proportion of plastic--the dispersion is 60% with regard to the solid content--the adhesive properties are always reactivated under dynamic pulsating loading.
In the final stage of the process, the pre-fabricated wearing panels (see below) are installed. The bond is effected by ~o~
adhesion and is so great that in shear tests, separation occurred in the old concrete by the uppermost concrete layer shearing off.
The residual elastoplasticity of the insulating layer equalized crack movements of the sub-structure, even at low temperakures, as a function of the overall thickness of the adhesive at 2 mm thick by 0.4 mm, without the wearing panel suffering any damage.
The pre-fabricated wearing panels used in the above example were produced in the following manner:
A glass lattice fabric, with a mesh size of 4 mm, was spread with diabase chips at a grain size of 3/5 mm. This resulted in the required surface, grain on grain.
After this preparation, which brought about a positive orientation of the aggregate, the binding agent, an intrinsically plasticitized binary synthetic resin system based on an epoxy resin was so applied that the aggregate was imbedded in the binding agent only to approximately 70% of the grain diameter.
In the gel state, which is to say before the binding agent hardened, the resin was punctured as far as the grain using a needle plate, which made penetration by water possible. After hardening, the panels were cut to a size of 50 x 50 cm.
2~
EX~MPLE 2:
The concrete of a freely weathered terrace corresponds to a concrete quality of B 225, and this was weathered to a depth of mm by frost and, as a consequence of elasto-plastic deformations, contained cracks across the whole width between the ~upporting columns. The cracks are between 0.5 and 0.2 mm wide.
:
The insulating layer was applied after pretreatment, as described in Example 1, although without any filling of the rough structure. In contrast to Example 1, the mixing ratio of the insulating layer amounts to 1 part-wt of cement, 1 part-wt of pure acrylate dispersion, with the same characteristics as in Example 1, and 1 part by weight sand, with a grain size of 0.1 to 3 mm. ~he inert filler was so selected in order to fill the holes; in addition, the mechanical properties, namely a reduced shear strength because of the use of the sand, were adequate for the intended purpose, which was to make the terrace suitable for pedestrian traffic.
It is true that the insulating layer is significantly harder than that in Example 1, but it can still be bent over the bar at -20C
and first fractures at 60 at a test temperature of -20C.
Including the cavity filling, the thickness over the tips was still 2 mm, and a textile mat was only installed in the area of the cracks, with an overlap of 20 cm on both sides.
; ~
,1, ,, Before the hydraulic reaction, whic,h is to say within 2 hours, the pre-fabricated wearing panels w~ere pressed into place with a joint width of 3 mm; the joints remain unfilled.
The following wearing panels were used in this example:
Using the same methods as described in Example 1, the aggregates were oriented, although here with a modified maximum grain, namely an aggregate of 1/3 mm (mesh width of the textile, 2 mm).
The bonding agent consists of cement and water-emulsified binary synthetic based on epoxy resin, in a weight ratio of 1:1, and dried guartz sand with a grain size of 0.1/3 mm was used as a filler. As a consequence of the hydraulic components, the bonding agent layer remains permeable to water.
The imbedding of the aggregate in the bonding agent was effected to approximately 70% of the grain diameter.
Further production of the panels took place as in Example 1.
EXAMPLE 3:
The exposed and weathered parking area on the top storey.
The travelled surface has been mechanically destroyed because of great deformation under load and widely spaced supporting columns, particularly in the area of the gaps; the gap, originally 2 cm wide, had grown to 4 to 5 cm wide because of 45 , ;
2~
spalling; numerous cracks could be seen on the surface. During rain, water ran through gaps and crzlcks into the next floor down.
The surface is prepared by sand blasting. All of the joints were ground out to a width of 10 cm and to a depth of 1 cm. The moist insulation is then sprayed on to a thickness of 3 mm, and reinforcement was installed in this. The reinforcing mat is laid along the ground out trough with a loop that falls downwards into the actual joint, so that continuous insulation was formed. This means that three-dimensional deformations do not lead to the destruction of the insulation in the joints.
After a hardening period of approximately 24 hours, the same mixture of cement and plastic dispersion (ratio 1:1) was mixed with 2% colloidal silicic acid: this resulted in thixotropy. The `~ -insulating layer is applied with a notched spatula (dimension 4 mm) and the pre-fabricated wearing panels were pressed into place. By pressing in at a 4-mm notch height, after pressing the insulating layer was 2 mm thick. The wearing panel was displaced by 4 mm to the ground-out joint trough, the height of th2 finished panel amounts to approximately 5 mm, grain on grain, diabase stone chips 3 to 5 mm.
The step in the area of the joints, is approximately 11 mm high and 9 cm wide, allowing for the continuous insulating layer. A
pre-fabricated wearing panel, based on the same principle of 4~3 .
s grain on grain, although with a grain size of 8 to 12 mm, 8 cm wide and approximately 12 mm high and 1 m long was pressed into the mould case. This was done to achieve a high level of mechanical stability because of the great thicXness and because of the narrow joint width to the two [adjoining surfaces], and relatively easy removal in the event of damage to the joint insulation area, which could occur if the concrete panels shift because of temperature and deformation under load, to the point that they come into contact with each other.
The pre-fabricated wearing panels were produced analogously by the same method as set out in Example 1. With the same orientation of the aggregate of diabase chips, the binder consists of a binary synthetic resin on a polyurethane base, with the addition of filler of 0/1 mm in a weight ratio of 1:1. No punturing was carried out in this case.
The wearing panel for filling the ground-out trough consist of ~-~
diabase grain 8/12 mm. In this case, because of the grain size, -orientation of the aggregate could be achieved on a level;panel with no problems. A thixotropic elastic polyester resin, which was, however, brittle after hardening, was used at a weight ratio ~-of 1 part-wt binding agent and 2 parts-wt of filler with a grain size of 0.1/3 mm was used as the binding agent.
EXAMPLE 4:
'";~' 12 ~
. -:
2 [)0~
A flat roof, the concrete is of B 300 quality and which had been insulated against moisture 10 years previously using welded bitumen strips. Concrete stepping stones led to the individual skylights and these were supported on their edges on rubber pedestals measuring approximately 10 x 10 cm. Oxidation had caused the bitumen strips to crack and become non-elastic. The edges of the stepping stones had become stuck in the edges and had in part broken away. Once the finish panels had been cleared away, the bitumen strip insulation was left in place.
In order to fix the dust, 1 part-wt of cement : 1 part-wt plastic dispersion were mixed with 3 parts-wt water and brushed on. The moisture insulation layer was then applied in two stages when, in each instance, an alkali resistant reinforcing mat of 450 gr/m2 weight was imbedded. The overall thickness amounts, on average, to 5 mm.
After hardening for 24 hours at 18C, the foot paths were laid using pre-fabricated wearing panels, set in an adhesive bed of the same material.
In order to form the pre-fabricated wearing panels, aggregate with a grain size of 5/8 mm was spread in one layer, when the the ;
grain was preventecl from rolling off by means of a frame measuring 4 x 4 m.
2 0106~9~
Thixotropic, elastic binary synthetic resin based on a methacrylate was used as the binding agent. The degree of filling amounts to 1 part-wt binderr 0.5 parts-wt sand with a grain size of 0.1 mm, and 3 parts-wt colloidal silicic acid. The aggregate was imbedded into the bonding agent to approximately 70% of the grain diameter.
Once the binding agent had hardened, the panels were cut into pieces measuring 50 x 50 cm.
EXAMPLE 5:
Parking area of a weathered installation, concrete quality B 450, 14 years old. -~
~. :
The entrancs rsads to the parking places are as rough as sand paper and weathered to a depth of 3 mm; the parking areas themselves are almost undamaged on the surface. In contrast to this, the concrete structure displays continuous cracks, like spiderwebs, with a crack width between 0.5 and 1 mm.
, . ~ ~'' The insulating layer was applied after cleaning by means of high pressure water jets. This layer consists of 1 part-wt cement, 1 part-wt butadiene styrol, at a weight ratio of 80:20, with a dynamic shear modulus of -60C. This was used at 5 kg/m2, which corresponds to a layer thickness of approximately 3.2 mm after thorough drying.
14 ~-'~' ''~' ' ~ Z00~49Z
The pre-fabricated wearing panels were installed without reinforcement by textile insert, and were produced in the following manner:
Single grain diabase aggreqate with a grain size of 3/5 mm was spread in a single layer and mixed with intrinsically elastified binary synthetic resin based on an epoxy resin, in excess. The bonding agent itself is so thixotropized with colloidal silicic acid that before hardening the resin flows to the base. Applied at 1.75 kg/m2 of binding agent after hardening one achievPd imbedding o~ the diabase aggregate to a thickness of 60%. The grain on grain wearing panel has on its surface a coating of synthetic resin film of 20 to 25 ~m, which is rapidly abraded by tra~fic. -EXAMPLE 6:
Production of pre-fabricated wearing panels:
Wear rasistant sand with a grain size of 0.3 to 1.7 mm is mixed with thixotropic binary synthetic resin. The binding agent accounts for 7.5%-wt. This single grain concrete, with a residual fraction of less than 0.25 mm of at most 6%-wt is shaken into a steel mould to produce a layer thickness of 7 mm, with vertical plates. After unmoulding and the removal of the plates from the frame one obtained wearing panels measuring 40 x 40 cm, 7 mm thick; no subsequent cutting was required.
z~o~
EXAMPLE 7:
Production of pre-fabricated wearing panels:
A grain misture (40%-wt smaller than 0.5 mm, 60%-wt greater than 5 mm, no grain fraction smaller than 0.25 mm) is mixed with thixotropic binary synthetic resin. The bonding agent requirement is approximately 9%-wt. As in Example 6, the mixture was shaken into a steel mould with vertical divider plates. -Because of the lack of a grain fraction of less than 0.25%, one obtained a panel that was permeable by water vapour. This type `~;
of production produces smooth panel surfaces; the grain is `
enclosed by the adhesive system. This type of panel is particularly well suited for reinforcing terraces.
~'`' ' '``'''"
:. . ~ :. :.
:. :-. .
~. .
,:: ':: " ~ ,' ',`,''''.'.`
. . .
16 ~ ~
The most varied methods have been used in order to rehabilitate road surfaces, primarily in garages. In practice, this has been done by grinding of~ the damaged areas of the surface with subsequent reapplication of bonding coats which, because of their mechanical properties, must be applied at a minimum thickness o~
several centimeters. Insofar as sufficient load bearing capacity is provided, poured asphalt is applied, this being done without any loss of thickness caused by grinding. The disadvantages of this are the plastic deformability under constant load and vulnerability to crude oil derivatives. In the case of damage that does not ~xtend deep into the substance, these can be recoated to a thickness of a ~ew centimeters with a binary bonded plastic mortar. The disadvantages of this are impermeability to gas and the danger of slipping or skidding, particularly when the surfaoe is wet. Common to all of these systems, however, is the disadvantage, which can be attributed to mechanical circumstances, that cracks cannot be filled without breaking the coating. ; -The profile damage done in multi-storey parking garages is characterized, in particular, by damages to the road surfaces and '''"'` ' " : ' ' " '' :"' ' ' ~ ' .,j, . . . - . . .
,~ :; ,~ , - , . , , . : , -:: - . , :
.,: :. . . . . :,: . .. . .
: ~ 2~6~Z
by cracks in the supporting structure, which can result in damage being done to the finish of vehicles parked within the structure, because rain water can leach salts out of the concrete and after evaporation these can remain on the painted surface of the vehicles as residues, insoluble in water, after evaporation.
One is confronted by similar problems when reconstructing surfaces in the residential area, in particular during reconstruction of roof surfaces and terraces. In practice, it has been found that in special flat roof surfaces there will be leaks in hidden places. These are caused by aging, mechanical damage, or defective installation; very frequently, plastic or bitumen strips or galvanized sheet metal strips are used for such purposes. In contrast to this, terrace reinforcements consist as a rule, of horizontal insulation, with a cement coating or tiles or concrete slabs laid in a thin mortar bed on the installation, serving as wearing layers.
Up to now, in order to reconstruct damage of this sort it has always been necessary to remove the old material; this causes not only very high labour costs, but also means that the site is exposed to the weather for a long period while it is unprotected.
Further disadvantages of the known hydraulically bound systems and bitumen bound structural materials are the required minimum coating thickness of several centimeters, the associated ~;
increased surface loads, the need to raise drains to the new `-~,1 2~10~
level, etc. All of these measures, primarily during the rehabilitation o~ horizontal moisture installation, require that the surface remain unused for a certain amount of time. During the reconstruction of travelled surEaces, as well as in the residential area, such as in the case of flat roofs and terraces, it would, for this reason, be desirable to have available systems that can be reused immediately after they have been laid.
In order to solve this problem, the present invention proposes a reconstruction system for surfaces, in particular for road surfaces, roofing surfaces, and terraced surfaces, this havin~ an insulating layer and a wearing layer, the insulating layer being built up in the manner Xnown per se from an adhesive that is permanently elasto-plastic, and the wearing layer that is applied above this that is made up of pre-fabricated wearing panels, these consisting of wear resistant mono-grain or mixed grain mixture that is bonded with a weather resistant, water-vapour permeable bonding agent, and which is free of fine particles of less than 0.3 mm.
According to one embodiment of the reconstruction system according to the present invention, the wear resistant mono-grain is only imbedded in part in a bed of weather resistant bonding agent, whereas the part of the useful surface of the wearing panel that is free of binding agent, forms the useful surface of the wearing panel, for example, a traffic surface.
. . .. , i . ~ ~ ! ' ' , ''J" "' . ~' ' ' '' ' ' ' ' ' " '. ' '. ' :` . . '-2G31[~6~
The reconstruction system according to the present invention can, in practice, be used as follows:
In a first step, after the usual cleaning of the sub-surface, for example by high pressure water jets or sand blasting, an insulating layer which, after hardening in the useful temperature range of ~80C to -40C, and thus under all temperature conditions encountered in practice, will remain permanently ~ `
elastoplastic and fill in cracks, is applied. The re~uired permeability to water vapour is provided as a consequence of the special structure of the insulating layer, in particular of the ratio of plastic to hydraulic bonding agent.
In a second step, finished panels with a specially configured surface are laid in this insulating layer that is impermeable to water and which bridges cracks. These pre-fabricated wearing panels consist, according to one embodiment of the present invention, of aggregates, grain on grain, the bonding of which is ;
only affected up to a part of the grain diameter, for example, up ~;-to approximately 60% of the diameter, using a weather resistant bonding agent of binary synthetic resin or thermoplasts.
.: . .
The surface that has been reconstructed, for example a traffic surface, can be used immediately after the pre-fabricated wearing panel has been imbedded. The required non-skid properties are ensured since the travelled surface consists exclusively of grain 26~0~
on grain, without any bonding agent. In addition, water permeability can be controlled to the desired extent by the structure of the bonding agent and by the small thickness of the wearing layer.
In contrast to formerly known, purely hydraulically hardened systems, which cannot be disturbed by pressure or vibration during hydration, the reconstruction process according to the present invention is entirely unaffected in this regard.
According to a further embodiment of the present invention, the pre-fabricated wearing panel is formed from a wear resistant grain mixture that is free of fine fractions of less than 0.3 mm and is bonded by a weather resistant, water permeable binding agent. The grain in these wearing panels is enclosed by the binding agent system. Wearing panels of this type are especially suitable, for example, for reconstructing terraces and balconies in residential accommodation.
The present invention will be described in greater detail below on the basis of the examples that follow.
EXAMPLE l:
The sub-surface is 15 year-old concrete, grade B 400, that has been removed so as to form grooves, to a depth of 1 cm by tire 2~0~
studsand additionally damaged in the form of plate-sized shell-like spalling caused by frost.
In a first stage of the process, the surface is cleaned with a high pressure water jet without any damage being done to the structure of the concrete. In a second step, the areas of the plate-sized spalling are filled with filling mortar modified with conventional plastic dispersion. Once this filling mortar hardens cement and 1 part by weight plastic dispersion, with a gamma value o~ 1.6 at a thickness of 2 mm is applied as a horizontal moisture installation. In order to increase elongation at break, an alkaline-resistant textile mat of 300 ~;
gr/m2 is installed. The plastic dispersion that is used has ;
elasto-plastic properties, is permanently adhesive, and has a T~AX~ determined according to DIN 53.445, of -40C. ;
' ,' The hardened mixture, with a weight ratio of 1:1 consisting of cement and dispersion remains permanently elastoplastic over a wide temperature range, even at -20C, and is permanently adhesive. Because of the high proportion of plastic--the dispersion is 60% with regard to the solid content--the adhesive properties are always reactivated under dynamic pulsating loading.
In the final stage of the process, the pre-fabricated wearing panels (see below) are installed. The bond is effected by ~o~
adhesion and is so great that in shear tests, separation occurred in the old concrete by the uppermost concrete layer shearing off.
The residual elastoplasticity of the insulating layer equalized crack movements of the sub-structure, even at low temperakures, as a function of the overall thickness of the adhesive at 2 mm thick by 0.4 mm, without the wearing panel suffering any damage.
The pre-fabricated wearing panels used in the above example were produced in the following manner:
A glass lattice fabric, with a mesh size of 4 mm, was spread with diabase chips at a grain size of 3/5 mm. This resulted in the required surface, grain on grain.
After this preparation, which brought about a positive orientation of the aggregate, the binding agent, an intrinsically plasticitized binary synthetic resin system based on an epoxy resin was so applied that the aggregate was imbedded in the binding agent only to approximately 70% of the grain diameter.
In the gel state, which is to say before the binding agent hardened, the resin was punctured as far as the grain using a needle plate, which made penetration by water possible. After hardening, the panels were cut to a size of 50 x 50 cm.
2~
EX~MPLE 2:
The concrete of a freely weathered terrace corresponds to a concrete quality of B 225, and this was weathered to a depth of mm by frost and, as a consequence of elasto-plastic deformations, contained cracks across the whole width between the ~upporting columns. The cracks are between 0.5 and 0.2 mm wide.
:
The insulating layer was applied after pretreatment, as described in Example 1, although without any filling of the rough structure. In contrast to Example 1, the mixing ratio of the insulating layer amounts to 1 part-wt of cement, 1 part-wt of pure acrylate dispersion, with the same characteristics as in Example 1, and 1 part by weight sand, with a grain size of 0.1 to 3 mm. ~he inert filler was so selected in order to fill the holes; in addition, the mechanical properties, namely a reduced shear strength because of the use of the sand, were adequate for the intended purpose, which was to make the terrace suitable for pedestrian traffic.
It is true that the insulating layer is significantly harder than that in Example 1, but it can still be bent over the bar at -20C
and first fractures at 60 at a test temperature of -20C.
Including the cavity filling, the thickness over the tips was still 2 mm, and a textile mat was only installed in the area of the cracks, with an overlap of 20 cm on both sides.
; ~
,1, ,, Before the hydraulic reaction, whic,h is to say within 2 hours, the pre-fabricated wearing panels w~ere pressed into place with a joint width of 3 mm; the joints remain unfilled.
The following wearing panels were used in this example:
Using the same methods as described in Example 1, the aggregates were oriented, although here with a modified maximum grain, namely an aggregate of 1/3 mm (mesh width of the textile, 2 mm).
The bonding agent consists of cement and water-emulsified binary synthetic based on epoxy resin, in a weight ratio of 1:1, and dried guartz sand with a grain size of 0.1/3 mm was used as a filler. As a consequence of the hydraulic components, the bonding agent layer remains permeable to water.
The imbedding of the aggregate in the bonding agent was effected to approximately 70% of the grain diameter.
Further production of the panels took place as in Example 1.
EXAMPLE 3:
The exposed and weathered parking area on the top storey.
The travelled surface has been mechanically destroyed because of great deformation under load and widely spaced supporting columns, particularly in the area of the gaps; the gap, originally 2 cm wide, had grown to 4 to 5 cm wide because of 45 , ;
2~
spalling; numerous cracks could be seen on the surface. During rain, water ran through gaps and crzlcks into the next floor down.
The surface is prepared by sand blasting. All of the joints were ground out to a width of 10 cm and to a depth of 1 cm. The moist insulation is then sprayed on to a thickness of 3 mm, and reinforcement was installed in this. The reinforcing mat is laid along the ground out trough with a loop that falls downwards into the actual joint, so that continuous insulation was formed. This means that three-dimensional deformations do not lead to the destruction of the insulation in the joints.
After a hardening period of approximately 24 hours, the same mixture of cement and plastic dispersion (ratio 1:1) was mixed with 2% colloidal silicic acid: this resulted in thixotropy. The `~ -insulating layer is applied with a notched spatula (dimension 4 mm) and the pre-fabricated wearing panels were pressed into place. By pressing in at a 4-mm notch height, after pressing the insulating layer was 2 mm thick. The wearing panel was displaced by 4 mm to the ground-out joint trough, the height of th2 finished panel amounts to approximately 5 mm, grain on grain, diabase stone chips 3 to 5 mm.
The step in the area of the joints, is approximately 11 mm high and 9 cm wide, allowing for the continuous insulating layer. A
pre-fabricated wearing panel, based on the same principle of 4~3 .
s grain on grain, although with a grain size of 8 to 12 mm, 8 cm wide and approximately 12 mm high and 1 m long was pressed into the mould case. This was done to achieve a high level of mechanical stability because of the great thicXness and because of the narrow joint width to the two [adjoining surfaces], and relatively easy removal in the event of damage to the joint insulation area, which could occur if the concrete panels shift because of temperature and deformation under load, to the point that they come into contact with each other.
The pre-fabricated wearing panels were produced analogously by the same method as set out in Example 1. With the same orientation of the aggregate of diabase chips, the binder consists of a binary synthetic resin on a polyurethane base, with the addition of filler of 0/1 mm in a weight ratio of 1:1. No punturing was carried out in this case.
The wearing panel for filling the ground-out trough consist of ~-~
diabase grain 8/12 mm. In this case, because of the grain size, -orientation of the aggregate could be achieved on a level;panel with no problems. A thixotropic elastic polyester resin, which was, however, brittle after hardening, was used at a weight ratio ~-of 1 part-wt binding agent and 2 parts-wt of filler with a grain size of 0.1/3 mm was used as the binding agent.
EXAMPLE 4:
'";~' 12 ~
. -:
2 [)0~
A flat roof, the concrete is of B 300 quality and which had been insulated against moisture 10 years previously using welded bitumen strips. Concrete stepping stones led to the individual skylights and these were supported on their edges on rubber pedestals measuring approximately 10 x 10 cm. Oxidation had caused the bitumen strips to crack and become non-elastic. The edges of the stepping stones had become stuck in the edges and had in part broken away. Once the finish panels had been cleared away, the bitumen strip insulation was left in place.
In order to fix the dust, 1 part-wt of cement : 1 part-wt plastic dispersion were mixed with 3 parts-wt water and brushed on. The moisture insulation layer was then applied in two stages when, in each instance, an alkali resistant reinforcing mat of 450 gr/m2 weight was imbedded. The overall thickness amounts, on average, to 5 mm.
After hardening for 24 hours at 18C, the foot paths were laid using pre-fabricated wearing panels, set in an adhesive bed of the same material.
In order to form the pre-fabricated wearing panels, aggregate with a grain size of 5/8 mm was spread in one layer, when the the ;
grain was preventecl from rolling off by means of a frame measuring 4 x 4 m.
2 0106~9~
Thixotropic, elastic binary synthetic resin based on a methacrylate was used as the binding agent. The degree of filling amounts to 1 part-wt binderr 0.5 parts-wt sand with a grain size of 0.1 mm, and 3 parts-wt colloidal silicic acid. The aggregate was imbedded into the bonding agent to approximately 70% of the grain diameter.
Once the binding agent had hardened, the panels were cut into pieces measuring 50 x 50 cm.
EXAMPLE 5:
Parking area of a weathered installation, concrete quality B 450, 14 years old. -~
~. :
The entrancs rsads to the parking places are as rough as sand paper and weathered to a depth of 3 mm; the parking areas themselves are almost undamaged on the surface. In contrast to this, the concrete structure displays continuous cracks, like spiderwebs, with a crack width between 0.5 and 1 mm.
, . ~ ~'' The insulating layer was applied after cleaning by means of high pressure water jets. This layer consists of 1 part-wt cement, 1 part-wt butadiene styrol, at a weight ratio of 80:20, with a dynamic shear modulus of -60C. This was used at 5 kg/m2, which corresponds to a layer thickness of approximately 3.2 mm after thorough drying.
14 ~-'~' ''~' ' ~ Z00~49Z
The pre-fabricated wearing panels were installed without reinforcement by textile insert, and were produced in the following manner:
Single grain diabase aggreqate with a grain size of 3/5 mm was spread in a single layer and mixed with intrinsically elastified binary synthetic resin based on an epoxy resin, in excess. The bonding agent itself is so thixotropized with colloidal silicic acid that before hardening the resin flows to the base. Applied at 1.75 kg/m2 of binding agent after hardening one achievPd imbedding o~ the diabase aggregate to a thickness of 60%. The grain on grain wearing panel has on its surface a coating of synthetic resin film of 20 to 25 ~m, which is rapidly abraded by tra~fic. -EXAMPLE 6:
Production of pre-fabricated wearing panels:
Wear rasistant sand with a grain size of 0.3 to 1.7 mm is mixed with thixotropic binary synthetic resin. The binding agent accounts for 7.5%-wt. This single grain concrete, with a residual fraction of less than 0.25 mm of at most 6%-wt is shaken into a steel mould to produce a layer thickness of 7 mm, with vertical plates. After unmoulding and the removal of the plates from the frame one obtained wearing panels measuring 40 x 40 cm, 7 mm thick; no subsequent cutting was required.
z~o~
EXAMPLE 7:
Production of pre-fabricated wearing panels:
A grain misture (40%-wt smaller than 0.5 mm, 60%-wt greater than 5 mm, no grain fraction smaller than 0.25 mm) is mixed with thixotropic binary synthetic resin. The bonding agent requirement is approximately 9%-wt. As in Example 6, the mixture was shaken into a steel mould with vertical divider plates. -Because of the lack of a grain fraction of less than 0.25%, one obtained a panel that was permeable by water vapour. This type `~;
of production produces smooth panel surfaces; the grain is `
enclosed by the adhesive system. This type of panel is particularly well suited for reinforcing terraces.
~'`' ' '``'''"
:. . ~ :. :.
:. :-. .
~. .
,:: ':: " ~ ,' ',`,''''.'.`
. . .
16 ~ ~
Claims (10)
1. A reconstruction system for surfaces, in particular road surfaces, roof surfaces, and terrace surfaces, with an insulating layer and a wearing layer, characterized in that the insulating layer is built up in a manner known per se from permanently elastoplastic adhesive and the wearing layer that is incorporated above this is formed from pre-fabricated wearing panels that consist of a wear resistant mono-grain or grain mixture, free of a fine fraction of less than 0.3 mm, these being bound by a weather resistant and water-vapour permeable binding agent.
2. A reconstruction system as defined in claim 1, characterized in that the wear resistant mono-grain is only imbedded in part in a bed of the weather resistant binding agent.
3. A reconstruction system as defined in claim 2, characterized in that the mono-grain is imbedded in a bed of weather resistant binding agent to approximately 70% of its diameter.
4. A reconstruction system as defined in one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the weather resistant binding agent is a binary synthetic resin system based on epoxy resin.
5. A reconstruction system as defined in one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the weather resistant binding agent is a binary synthetic resin system based on polyurethane.
6. A reconstruction system as defined in one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the weather resistant binding agent is a binary synthetic resin system on a basis of methacrylate.
7. A pre-fabricated wearing panel, in particular for a reconstruction system as defined in one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it is formed from wear resistant grain on grain mono-grain that is imbedded only in part in a bed of weather resistant, water-vapour permeable binding agent, whereas the fraction that is free of the binding agent forms the useable surface of the wearing panel.
8. A wearing panel as defined in claim 7, characterized in that the mono-grain is imbedded in the binding agent bed to approximately 70% of its diameter.
9. A wearing panel as defined in claim 7 or claim 8, characterized in that it includes a lattice-like fabric, the mono-grain being oriented in the mesh thereof.
10. A pre-fabricated wearing panel, in particular for a reconstruction system as defined in one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it is formed from a wear resistant grain mixture that is free of fine fractions of less than 0.3 mm, this being bonded with a weather resistant, water-vapour permeable binding agent.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ATA3159/88 | 1988-12-23 | ||
| AT0315988A ATA315988A (en) | 1988-12-23 | 1988-12-23 | RESTORATION SYSTEM FOR SURFACES AND WEAR PLATE HIEFUER |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2006492A1 true CA2006492A1 (en) | 1990-06-23 |
Family
ID=3546242
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002006492A Abandoned CA2006492A1 (en) | 1988-12-23 | 1989-12-22 | Rehabilitation of surfaces and wearing slab therefor |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AT (1) | ATA315988A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU4758090A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2006492A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1990007610A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107506329B (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2018-06-19 | 浙江大学 | A kind of coarse-grained reconfigurable array and its configuration method of automatic support loop iteration assembly line |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1658603A1 (en) * | 1968-01-27 | 1970-10-22 | Heimberger Dr Ing Walter | Porous underlayer for road surfaces on reinforced concrete bridges |
| IE34206B1 (en) * | 1969-01-10 | 1975-03-05 | Klarcrete Ltd | Method for repairing concrete roads |
| DE3244413A1 (en) * | 1982-12-01 | 1984-07-12 | Rhein-Lippe Straßen- und Tiefbau GmbH, 4300 Essen | Method for constructing or renewing the roadway surface of reinforced-concrete bridges |
| DE3607360A1 (en) * | 1986-03-06 | 1987-09-17 | Germey Ingenieur Und Tiefbau G | Carriageway surface for bridges and process for the application thereof |
| DE3611199A1 (en) * | 1986-04-04 | 1987-10-15 | Deutag Mischwerke Gmbh | Paving for traffic surfaces |
-
1988
- 1988-12-23 AT AT0315988A patent/ATA315988A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1989
- 1989-12-22 AU AU47580/90A patent/AU4758090A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1989-12-22 WO PCT/AT1989/000129 patent/WO1990007610A1/en unknown
- 1989-12-22 CA CA002006492A patent/CA2006492A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATA315988A (en) | 1994-07-15 |
| AU4758090A (en) | 1990-08-01 |
| WO1990007610A1 (en) | 1990-07-12 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CA2036673C (en) | Bridge joint construction | |
| US8470437B2 (en) | Porous cement road surface made from polymer modified cement and a construction method thereof | |
| US3932051A (en) | Highway construction | |
| CN109763397A (en) | Embedded structure bituminous pavement and construction method | |
| US3870426A (en) | Method of protecting pavement from corrosive salts and an impermeable pavement membrane and pavement overlay for use in said method | |
| CN100999894A (en) | Cement concrete bridge surface synchronous breakstone water-proof binding composite layer and construction method thereof | |
| US4127350A (en) | Elastic joint spanning waterstop element | |
| EP0505010B1 (en) | A method for reinforcing a covering layer on ground | |
| KR102199977B1 (en) | Bridge waterproofing structure and waterproofing method with improved adhesion between pavement layer and waterproofing layer | |
| KR100991501B1 (en) | Permeable concrete and paving method for road using the same | |
| KR100724163B1 (en) | Repairing method of bridge or road using waste tire chip | |
| KR102044882B1 (en) | Road paving method | |
| CA2006492A1 (en) | Rehabilitation of surfaces and wearing slab therefor | |
| US20030223814A1 (en) | Roller compacted concrete paving sealing method | |
| JP3050793B2 (en) | Pavement material and pavement block using the same | |
| CN114960331A (en) | Rigid-flexible composite pavement structure and construction method thereof | |
| CN209703228U (en) | Inserted type asphalt pavement structure | |
| CN1222617A (en) | Composite concrete floor board with stone facing and its fabrication and paving process | |
| Sharp | Concrete in Highway Engineering: International Series of Monographs in Civil Engineering | |
| Emery | Concrete pavers for aircraft pavement surfaces | |
| EP3799607B1 (en) | A jointless concrete composite pavement | |
| KR100240140B1 (en) | Road paving method of color water-permeation concrete | |
| CN218147593U (en) | Old semi-rigid base asphalt pavement anti-crack reinforcing pavement structure | |
| GÜRER | AN ECONOMICAL AND SUSTAINABLE TYPE OF ASPHALT PAVEMENT: CHIP SEALS | |
| Meyer | Materials and specifications in West Germany |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Dead |