CA2006310A1 - Method of monitoring acoustic contact in ultrasonic testing - Google Patents
Method of monitoring acoustic contact in ultrasonic testingInfo
- Publication number
- CA2006310A1 CA2006310A1 CA 2006310 CA2006310A CA2006310A1 CA 2006310 A1 CA2006310 A1 CA 2006310A1 CA 2006310 CA2006310 CA 2006310 CA 2006310 A CA2006310 A CA 2006310A CA 2006310 A1 CA2006310 A1 CA 2006310A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- welded joint
- welded
- ultrasonic
- ultra
- weld
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
- G01N2291/044—Internal reflections (echoes), e.g. on walls or defects
Abstract
METHOD OF MONITORING ACOUSTIC CONTACT IN
ULTRASONIC TESTING
A b s t r a c t A method of monitoring acoustic contact in ultra-sonic testing comprises the steps of selecting the prism angle of radiating and receiving ultrasonic transducers to be smaller than the first critical angle, placing the transducers on the surface of a welded joint at a predetermined distance from the lon-gitudinal axis of a weld, said distance being chosen taking into account the thickness of elements welded together, the width of reinforcing beads and the angl-es between directions of longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves radiated into the welded joint and a perpendicular to the surface at the point of radiation of the waves, and evaluating quality of acoustic con-tact by analyzing the amplitude of an echo pulse re-corded at the moment determined by the time of propa-gation of the ultrasonic wave in the material of the transducers and by the speeds of propagation of the longitudinal and transverse waves in the material of the welded joint.
ULTRASONIC TESTING
A b s t r a c t A method of monitoring acoustic contact in ultra-sonic testing comprises the steps of selecting the prism angle of radiating and receiving ultrasonic transducers to be smaller than the first critical angle, placing the transducers on the surface of a welded joint at a predetermined distance from the lon-gitudinal axis of a weld, said distance being chosen taking into account the thickness of elements welded together, the width of reinforcing beads and the angl-es between directions of longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves radiated into the welded joint and a perpendicular to the surface at the point of radiation of the waves, and evaluating quality of acoustic con-tact by analyzing the amplitude of an echo pulse re-corded at the moment determined by the time of propa-gation of the ultrasonic wave in the material of the transducers and by the speeds of propagation of the longitudinal and transverse waves in the material of the welded joint.
Description
~" ~00~;3~0 '~
,; .
METHOD OF ~aO~ITORIl~Gr ACOUSq!IC CC~TAC~I! I~l -. UI~TRASO~IC TESTING
, The present invention relatei~ to method3 o~ i~8-~. pectio~ o~ materials by ultr~so~ic waveis i~nd in parti-r 5 culi~r to methodis of monitoring acou3tic contact ~n ultra~onic te~ting. ~
The invention may be used in ultrai30nic inispection :~:
involving auto~atic testi~ o~ weldi~ of various welded .
. joiD~ with or without rei~forcing be~ds. `;-There is known a method of monitoring acoustic contact in ultrai~onic testing compri~ing the i~tep~ of .
placi~g an ultrasonic trQnsducer o~ the ~urfQce of equipment under teist, radiating a longitudin~l ultra- `~
i~onic wave into the equipment perpendicul~r to its ~; 15 surface, recelving an echo pulise reflected ~rom the :-:opposite ~ur~ace o~ the equipme~t, and eistimating qua-lity o~ the acoustic contact by analyzing the amplitu-. de o~ the received echo puL~e (cf. A.K. Gurvich et ial.:
"Ultraz~ukovoy kontrol i3varnikh shvov", 1972, "~echni ~-:! . .
20 ka" publiishers, Kiev, pp 373 - 374, Fig. 205a). ~. :
In the foregoing method acouitic conta~ is mo~
nltored solely by a longitudinal ultrasonic wave, ~.
whereas ~ltrasonic quality i~spection of equipme~t ~ under teis-t involves the use of a trani~ver~e ultra~onic h`~ 25 ~ava radiated into thc equipment by another ultra~o~ c ~.~
,,i liransducer.
~ .
.-~
~ .
~#~
~,1 ~ 63~L~
~ owever, longitudinal and tran~ver~e ultra~onic wave~ propagate in a di~erent ~ashion, particularly, when the ~ur~ace of equipment under te~t i~ rough.
There~ore, the a~ore-mentioned method for monitoring 5 acou~tic contact may be u~ed to advantage only with articles ha~ing ~mooth ~ur~aces.
Al~o known in the art i~ a method of monitoring acou~tic contact in ultra~onic testing, comprising the ~tep~ of placing radiating and receiving ultra~onic 10 tran~ducer3 on the ~ur~ace of an inspected welded joint, radiating a tran3verse ultra~onic wave in the direc-tion o~ a respective weld of the i~spected ~elded joint, receiving an echo pul~e re~lected from the op-po~ite ~urface of the welded joi~t, and e~timating 15 quality o~ acou~tic oontact b~ analyzing the amplitude o~ the received echo pul3e ~cf. A.K. Gur~ich et al.:
"Ultraz~ukovoy kontrol svarnykh ~hvov", 1972, "~echni-ka" publisher~, Kiev, p. 374, ~ig. 205b).
In the known method the pri~m angle of both ul-20 tra~onic tran~ducer~ i3 cho~en to be greater than thefirst critical angle, due to which only tra~sver3e ultra~onic waves are radiated i~ the direction o~ a ~, re~pecti~e ~eld o~ the welded joint under test, ~aid ultr~o~ic tran3ducer3 being in3talled on the sur~ace 25 of the welded joint under test at a random di~tance ~ from the longitudinal axis o~ it3 weld.
.,~ , There~ore, the known method for monitoring acou~-. ~
., :
~, .
~ 63~
.~ "~
.~ - 3 - :
i~ tic contact is applicable o~l~ to testing oi weld~ oi welded joint~ without rei~orcing bead~, In the pre-j~; ~ence of reinforcing bead~,ultra~oN~ waveq propagating . in a weld ar~ lar~ely di~ipated by the bead~ due to ~.
5 irregul~ritie~ bn their surface~. Consequently, the !~' amplitude o~ the echo pul~e~ received by the receiving ultra~onic transducer i~ substantiall~ decrea3ed a~d may not be u~ed ~or evaluating quality o~ acou~tic con-;~ tact. -:
~he object of the present inve~tion is to widen the ~ield of u3e~ o~ a method of mo~itoring acoustic . contact in ultra~onic testing of weld~ of ~elded ~oints ~ith or without reinforcing beads.
~here is provided a method of monitoring acoustic ~-. 15 contact in ultra~onic te~ting, compri~ing the step_ of placing radiatin~ ~nd receiving ultrasonic transducer~ :~
on the 3ur~ac~ of a welded joint under te~t, radiati~g ~; a tran~verse ultrasonic wave by the use of the radiat- -:~
. ing ultra~onic tran~ducer in the direction o~ a re3pec-20 tlve weld o~ the welded jolnt under te~t, receiving by ; the u~a of the receiving ultra~onic tran~qducer an echo :'`''1 :
~ ~ pul~e re:Elected from the surface of the welded joi~t !,' :
~, opposite to ~aid qur~ace, and analyzing the amplitude ::
`''`~! 0~ ~aid echo pul~e Eor evaluating quality o~ acou~tic 25 contact, in which, according to the invention, the pri3m angle o~ the radiating and receiving ultra~onic ~i tran~ducer~ i~ cho~en to be ~maller that the ~ir~t cri- :~
., " :, , . . .
.`k :
'f,~ ' ,1 2 ~ ~63 . ''-:.
....
~ 4 -tic~l angle to ensure radiation of transverse and, in addition, longitudinal ultra~onic wave~ and reception o~ a common echo ~ignal, the radiating a~d receiving ultrasonic tran~ducers bei~ in~talled on the ~ur~ace 5 of the welded joint under t;e~t at a di~tance A from the longitudinal axi~ of the respective weld of the welded joint under te~t in accordance with the follow-ing relation~hip~:
h> 2~ ~tgd~ ~>A>~tg(Xt ~ 2 10 where a thickness of element~ joined together by weld-ing;
2 = width of reinforcing beads of weld, re~pecti-vely, on surfaco o~ welded joint through which tra~sver~e and longitudinal ultra30nic wave~
are radiatèd and on surface of welded joint ` oppo3ite to ~aid surface;
~t ~ an~le~ between direction of, re3pectively, . lo~gitudinsl and transverse ultrasonic waves radiated into welded joint and perpendicular '.~ . to surface of welded joint at point of radia- :
tion o~ ~aid ultra~onic wave~;
a~ echo-pul~e amplitude used to evaluate quality of $ ~aid aco~tic contact being the amplitude of said com-25 mon echo pulse recorded at a moment t determined as t ~ to ~ C'O~
r~
~; .
'.!.'~, ` '. : , , ' .
... . ' . ' . .
"'~:'"; . '', ,:, ' ."' ' , ' ' , `
~ 3~ 0 ... .
. 5 where to Z time of propaga~ion o~ ultra~onic wave in ma- ~.
terial of radiating and receiv1ng ultra~onic tran~ducer~
Cl,Ct 8 ~peed of propagation of longitudi~al and tran~-verse ultrasonic w~e~ in material of welded . ..
joint, re~pectively. ~.`
. ~he distance A from the longitudinal agi3 of a .
~eld of a given welded joint i9 choseng according to the invention~ in view of the fact thst, nith A~
ultra~onic wave3 radiated into the given welded join~ `
are beyond the reinforcing bead of 3aid weld of the ~.
welded ~oint un~er te~t on the ~urface through ~hich , `
the ul~ra~onic waves are radiated and, on condition :~
that ~tg ~ >A>S tg~ ~ -~ the longitudinal ~ave 12 and the tran~verse ~ave tl are reflected ~rom the .
opposite ~urface of the wclded ~oint beyond the rein-~orcing bead of the weld on this 3urface o~ the weld-ed joint. ~hu~, the pre~ence of rein~orcing bead~ of 20 welds and their irregularitie3 do not affect mea3ure-ments of amplitudes of record~d echo pul3e~.
he method of monitoring acou~tic contact in ult-ra30nic testing in compliance with the in~ention e~
sentiall~ elimin~tes the effect of irregularities of .-~ .
25 reinforcing beads o~ a weld on propagation of ultra- .`-~onic ~a~e~ utilized ~or monitoring acou~tic contact. :.
".,:.
,~,, . -; ,.
63~9 at i n The invention will no~ be de~cribed ~urther with re~erence to a speci~ic embodiment thereo~, taken in conjunction ~ith the accompaDying drawing which i9 a fro~t vie~ o~ a welded joil~t illustrating a method o~
5 monitoring acoustic contact in ultrs~onic testing ac-cording to the invention.
Re~erring to the drawing the method of monitoring acoustic in ultrasonic te~ting according to the inven-tion comprises the step~ of ~electing a prism Qngle ~
10 0~ a radiating ultrasonic trQn~ducer 1 and ~ receiving ultrasonic tran~ducer 2 to be smaller than the first critical angle, placing the radiating ultraso~ic tran~- -ducer 1 and the receiving ultrasonic tran~ducer 2 on a surface 3 o~ a welded joint 4 under test, and radiat-15 ing a transver~e wa~e tl and a longitudinal ua~e 12 i~
~ the direction of a weld 5 of the welded joint 4 under `~' test by the u~ of the radiating ultrasonic tran~du-. .
cer 1.
~he radisting ultrasonic trsnsducer 1 and the re-20 ceivi~g ultra~onic transducer 2 are in~talled on the ~ur~ace 3 o~ the welded joint 4 under test at a di3t-ance A from a longitudinal axis 6 of the weld 5 o~ the ~.1 welded joint 4, ~aid di~tance being cho~en ~ith due ;;~ regard ~or the following relQtionships:
;~ 25 1 3 2 ~ 2 . ~ .
.,, ' s Z00631~ -,~ ~';.
, .
wher~ `
= thickn~3 of elements 7 welded together by the joi~t 4; ~;
~ 2= width of rein~oroing b,ead~ 8 and 9 of the weld 5, re3pectively, on the ~lurfaae 3 of ~he welded joint 4 through which the tran_verse and longi- -tudinal ultraqonic wave~ are radiated and on a ~urfacs 10 of the welded joint 4 oppoqite to s~id 3urface 3;
10 ~e'~t =angleq between direction~q 11 and 12 of the lon-gitudinal ultrasonic wave 12 and the tran~ver~e ; ~:
ultra~onic wave 1 radiated into the welded joint 4, respectively, and a perpendicular 13 to the ~ur~ace 3 of the w~lded joint 4 at the point of ri radiation of ~aid ultraqonic wave~. ;
A~ the transver~e ultra~onic wave tl i~ incident ;` ~:~
on a point 14 o~ the ~urface 10 of the welded joint 4, a longitudi~al ultra~onic ~ave 11 i~ reflected in a ;
direction 15 to the receiving ultra_onic transducer 2 As the longitudinal ultra~onic wave 12 i~ inci~
de~t on a point 16 on the ~urface 10 o~ the welded ~oint 4, a tranqver~e ultra30nic wave t2 i~ reflected in a direction 17 to the receiving ultra~onic transduc er 2. With the diqtance A ~elected in the above man- :
ner, th~ tran~verqe ultra~qonic wave tl and the longi-tudinal ultra~o~ic wave 12 ara radiated into the weld ed joint 4 and reflected from the oppo~ite ~urface 10 '; ~.
2~0~
:
oi the welded joint 4 beyond the ~ur~ace3 of the rein forcing bead~ 8 and 9.
~ hereafter the receivi~g ultrasonic tran~ducsr 2 i~ u~ed to receive echo pulse~ reflected at the points 5 14 and 16 ~rom the ~ur~ace 10 o~ the welded joint 4.
The~e echo pulqes are simulta~eously recorded by the receiving ultra~onic tran,qducer 2 as a common ec~o pul sa .
~ he amplitude of said common echo pulse is u~ed to 10 e~aluate qualit~ of acou~qtic contact in ultra~onic tes-ting between the radiating 1 and receiYing 2 ultra-~o~ic tra~ducers and the element~ 7 welded together by the joint 4, said common echo pulse being recorded at a moment t determined as t = to ~ S ( Ce cos~e Ct C~t where to ~ time o~ propagation of the ultrasonic wave in material of the radiating ultra90nic tran~ducer 1 and the receiYing ultrasonic transducer 2;
20 Cl,Ct = qpeed of propagation of the longitudinal ultra-sonic ~ave~q 12, 11 and the transver~e ultraso-nic waves tl5 t2 in materia. of the ~elded joi~t 4, reqpecti~ely.
~he me-~hod o~ monitoring acouotic contact i~ ult-25 ra~o~ic te~ti~g according to the inve~tion i~ e~en~i-ally accomp:Li~hed a~ follows~ :
.~,.,. ~ .,. . - . . . . .. . . .
~63~0 _ g _ ~
With the pri3m angle p o~ the radiating ultrasonic tran3ducer 1 a~d the receivnng ultraso~ic traD~ducer 2 -~
~elected to be ~aller than the fir~t critical angle9 the lo~gi-tudinal ultrasonic wave 12 A~d the tran3ver~e 5 ultra~oDic ~a~e tl are ~imultaneou~ly radiated i~to the welded joint 4. ~he arr~ngement of the ultra~onic transducer~ 1 and 2 at the distance A ~rom the longi-tudinal sxis 6 of the weld 5 provide~ ior en~ry ana reflection o~ recorded echo pulses at point3 lying on 10 the ~urface3 3 and 10 o~ the welded joint 4 beyond the rei~orcing bead~ 8 and 9, a ~actor e~sentially elimi-n~ting tha ef~ect o~ irregularitie~ of the re~n~orcing bead~ 8 and 9 on the amplitude of the recorded common echo puls~. ~ecording said echo-pulse amplitude at the 15 mome~t t enables the recei~ing ultrasonic tran~ducer 2 to record only thst echo pulse which followed the above path.
,, to the inve~tion Acou~tic contact was monitored in ultra~onic qua-lity in~pection of the weld 5 of the welded joi~t 4 of a pipe, 1~20 mm in dia, with thickness of the wall ele-ment~ 7 being ~= 15.7 mmc The width of the reinforcing bead 8 of the weld 5 ~a~ ~1= 28 mm, and the width of 25 the reinforcing bead 9 wa3 ~2 = 8 m~. The 3peeds o~
propagatio~ o~ the lo~gitudinal and tra~ver~ ultra-~onic wa~e~ ln metal of the ~elded joi~t 4 were ;~
,; .
METHOD OF ~aO~ITORIl~Gr ACOUSq!IC CC~TAC~I! I~l -. UI~TRASO~IC TESTING
, The present invention relatei~ to method3 o~ i~8-~. pectio~ o~ materials by ultr~so~ic waveis i~nd in parti-r 5 culi~r to methodis of monitoring acou3tic contact ~n ultra~onic te~ting. ~
The invention may be used in ultrai30nic inispection :~:
involving auto~atic testi~ o~ weldi~ of various welded .
. joiD~ with or without rei~forcing be~ds. `;-There is known a method of monitoring acoustic contact in ultrai~onic testing compri~ing the i~tep~ of .
placi~g an ultrasonic trQnsducer o~ the ~urfQce of equipment under teist, radiating a longitudin~l ultra- `~
i~onic wave into the equipment perpendicul~r to its ~; 15 surface, recelving an echo pulise reflected ~rom the :-:opposite ~ur~ace o~ the equipme~t, and eistimating qua-lity o~ the acoustic contact by analyzing the amplitu-. de o~ the received echo puL~e (cf. A.K. Gurvich et ial.:
"Ultraz~ukovoy kontrol i3varnikh shvov", 1972, "~echni ~-:! . .
20 ka" publiishers, Kiev, pp 373 - 374, Fig. 205a). ~. :
In the foregoing method acouitic conta~ is mo~
nltored solely by a longitudinal ultrasonic wave, ~.
whereas ~ltrasonic quality i~spection of equipme~t ~ under teis-t involves the use of a trani~ver~e ultra~onic h`~ 25 ~ava radiated into thc equipment by another ultra~o~ c ~.~
,,i liransducer.
~ .
.-~
~ .
~#~
~,1 ~ 63~L~
~ owever, longitudinal and tran~ver~e ultra~onic wave~ propagate in a di~erent ~ashion, particularly, when the ~ur~ace of equipment under te~t i~ rough.
There~ore, the a~ore-mentioned method for monitoring 5 acou~tic contact may be u~ed to advantage only with articles ha~ing ~mooth ~ur~aces.
Al~o known in the art i~ a method of monitoring acou~tic contact in ultra~onic testing, comprising the ~tep~ of placing radiating and receiving ultra~onic 10 tran~ducer3 on the ~ur~ace of an inspected welded joint, radiating a tran3verse ultra~onic wave in the direc-tion o~ a respective weld of the i~spected ~elded joint, receiving an echo pul~e re~lected from the op-po~ite ~urface of the welded joi~t, and e~timating 15 quality o~ acou~tic oontact b~ analyzing the amplitude o~ the received echo pul3e ~cf. A.K. Gur~ich et al.:
"Ultraz~ukovoy kontrol svarnykh ~hvov", 1972, "~echni-ka" publisher~, Kiev, p. 374, ~ig. 205b).
In the known method the pri~m angle of both ul-20 tra~onic tran~ducer~ i3 cho~en to be greater than thefirst critical angle, due to which only tra~sver3e ultra~onic waves are radiated i~ the direction o~ a ~, re~pecti~e ~eld o~ the welded joint under test, ~aid ultr~o~ic tran3ducer3 being in3talled on the sur~ace 25 of the welded joint under test at a random di~tance ~ from the longitudinal axis o~ it3 weld.
.,~ , There~ore, the known method for monitoring acou~-. ~
., :
~, .
~ 63~
.~ "~
.~ - 3 - :
i~ tic contact is applicable o~l~ to testing oi weld~ oi welded joint~ without rei~orcing bead~, In the pre-j~; ~ence of reinforcing bead~,ultra~oN~ waveq propagating . in a weld ar~ lar~ely di~ipated by the bead~ due to ~.
5 irregul~ritie~ bn their surface~. Consequently, the !~' amplitude o~ the echo pul~e~ received by the receiving ultra~onic transducer i~ substantiall~ decrea3ed a~d may not be u~ed ~or evaluating quality o~ acou~tic con-;~ tact. -:
~he object of the present inve~tion is to widen the ~ield of u3e~ o~ a method of mo~itoring acoustic . contact in ultra~onic testing of weld~ of ~elded ~oints ~ith or without reinforcing beads.
~here is provided a method of monitoring acoustic ~-. 15 contact in ultra~onic te~ting, compri~ing the step_ of placing radiatin~ ~nd receiving ultrasonic transducer~ :~
on the 3ur~ac~ of a welded joint under te~t, radiati~g ~; a tran~verse ultrasonic wave by the use of the radiat- -:~
. ing ultra~onic tran~ducer in the direction o~ a re3pec-20 tlve weld o~ the welded jolnt under te~t, receiving by ; the u~a of the receiving ultra~onic tran~qducer an echo :'`''1 :
~ ~ pul~e re:Elected from the surface of the welded joi~t !,' :
~, opposite to ~aid qur~ace, and analyzing the amplitude ::
`''`~! 0~ ~aid echo pul~e Eor evaluating quality o~ acou~tic 25 contact, in which, according to the invention, the pri3m angle o~ the radiating and receiving ultra~onic ~i tran~ducer~ i~ cho~en to be ~maller that the ~ir~t cri- :~
., " :, , . . .
.`k :
'f,~ ' ,1 2 ~ ~63 . ''-:.
....
~ 4 -tic~l angle to ensure radiation of transverse and, in addition, longitudinal ultra~onic wave~ and reception o~ a common echo ~ignal, the radiating a~d receiving ultrasonic tran~ducers bei~ in~talled on the ~ur~ace 5 of the welded joint under t;e~t at a di~tance A from the longitudinal axi~ of the respective weld of the welded joint under te~t in accordance with the follow-ing relation~hip~:
h> 2~ ~tgd~ ~>A>~tg(Xt ~ 2 10 where a thickness of element~ joined together by weld-ing;
2 = width of reinforcing beads of weld, re~pecti-vely, on surfaco o~ welded joint through which tra~sver~e and longitudinal ultra30nic wave~
are radiatèd and on surface of welded joint ` oppo3ite to ~aid surface;
~t ~ an~le~ between direction of, re3pectively, . lo~gitudinsl and transverse ultrasonic waves radiated into welded joint and perpendicular '.~ . to surface of welded joint at point of radia- :
tion o~ ~aid ultra~onic wave~;
a~ echo-pul~e amplitude used to evaluate quality of $ ~aid aco~tic contact being the amplitude of said com-25 mon echo pulse recorded at a moment t determined as t ~ to ~ C'O~
r~
~; .
'.!.'~, ` '. : , , ' .
... . ' . ' . .
"'~:'"; . '', ,:, ' ."' ' , ' ' , `
~ 3~ 0 ... .
. 5 where to Z time of propaga~ion o~ ultra~onic wave in ma- ~.
terial of radiating and receiv1ng ultra~onic tran~ducer~
Cl,Ct 8 ~peed of propagation of longitudi~al and tran~-verse ultrasonic w~e~ in material of welded . ..
joint, re~pectively. ~.`
. ~he distance A from the longitudinal agi3 of a .
~eld of a given welded joint i9 choseng according to the invention~ in view of the fact thst, nith A~
ultra~onic wave3 radiated into the given welded join~ `
are beyond the reinforcing bead of 3aid weld of the ~.
welded ~oint un~er te~t on the ~urface through ~hich , `
the ul~ra~onic waves are radiated and, on condition :~
that ~tg ~ >A>S tg~ ~ -~ the longitudinal ~ave 12 and the tran~verse ~ave tl are reflected ~rom the .
opposite ~urface of the wclded ~oint beyond the rein-~orcing bead of the weld on this 3urface o~ the weld-ed joint. ~hu~, the pre~ence of rein~orcing bead~ of 20 welds and their irregularitie3 do not affect mea3ure-ments of amplitudes of record~d echo pul3e~.
he method of monitoring acou~tic contact in ult-ra30nic testing in compliance with the in~ention e~
sentiall~ elimin~tes the effect of irregularities of .-~ .
25 reinforcing beads o~ a weld on propagation of ultra- .`-~onic ~a~e~ utilized ~or monitoring acou~tic contact. :.
".,:.
,~,, . -; ,.
63~9 at i n The invention will no~ be de~cribed ~urther with re~erence to a speci~ic embodiment thereo~, taken in conjunction ~ith the accompaDying drawing which i9 a fro~t vie~ o~ a welded joil~t illustrating a method o~
5 monitoring acoustic contact in ultrs~onic testing ac-cording to the invention.
Re~erring to the drawing the method of monitoring acoustic in ultrasonic te~ting according to the inven-tion comprises the step~ of ~electing a prism Qngle ~
10 0~ a radiating ultrasonic trQn~ducer 1 and ~ receiving ultrasonic tran~ducer 2 to be smaller than the first critical angle, placing the radiating ultraso~ic tran~- -ducer 1 and the receiving ultrasonic tran~ducer 2 on a surface 3 o~ a welded joint 4 under test, and radiat-15 ing a transver~e wa~e tl and a longitudinal ua~e 12 i~
~ the direction of a weld 5 of the welded joint 4 under `~' test by the u~ of the radiating ultrasonic tran~du-. .
cer 1.
~he radisting ultrasonic trsnsducer 1 and the re-20 ceivi~g ultra~onic transducer 2 are in~talled on the ~ur~ace 3 o~ the welded joint 4 under test at a di3t-ance A from a longitudinal axis 6 of the weld 5 o~ the ~.1 welded joint 4, ~aid di~tance being cho~en ~ith due ;;~ regard ~or the following relQtionships:
;~ 25 1 3 2 ~ 2 . ~ .
.,, ' s Z00631~ -,~ ~';.
, .
wher~ `
= thickn~3 of elements 7 welded together by the joi~t 4; ~;
~ 2= width of rein~oroing b,ead~ 8 and 9 of the weld 5, re3pectively, on the ~lurfaae 3 of ~he welded joint 4 through which the tran_verse and longi- -tudinal ultraqonic wave~ are radiated and on a ~urfacs 10 of the welded joint 4 oppoqite to s~id 3urface 3;
10 ~e'~t =angleq between direction~q 11 and 12 of the lon-gitudinal ultrasonic wave 12 and the tran~ver~e ; ~:
ultra~onic wave 1 radiated into the welded joint 4, respectively, and a perpendicular 13 to the ~ur~ace 3 of the w~lded joint 4 at the point of ri radiation of ~aid ultraqonic wave~. ;
A~ the transver~e ultra~onic wave tl i~ incident ;` ~:~
on a point 14 o~ the ~urface 10 of the welded joint 4, a longitudi~al ultra~onic ~ave 11 i~ reflected in a ;
direction 15 to the receiving ultra_onic transducer 2 As the longitudinal ultra~onic wave 12 i~ inci~
de~t on a point 16 on the ~urface 10 o~ the welded ~oint 4, a tranqver~e ultra30nic wave t2 i~ reflected in a direction 17 to the receiving ultra~onic transduc er 2. With the diqtance A ~elected in the above man- :
ner, th~ tran~verqe ultra~qonic wave tl and the longi-tudinal ultra~o~ic wave 12 ara radiated into the weld ed joint 4 and reflected from the oppo~ite ~urface 10 '; ~.
2~0~
:
oi the welded joint 4 beyond the ~ur~ace3 of the rein forcing bead~ 8 and 9.
~ hereafter the receivi~g ultrasonic tran~ducsr 2 i~ u~ed to receive echo pulse~ reflected at the points 5 14 and 16 ~rom the ~ur~ace 10 o~ the welded joint 4.
The~e echo pulqes are simulta~eously recorded by the receiving ultra~onic tran,qducer 2 as a common ec~o pul sa .
~ he amplitude of said common echo pulse is u~ed to 10 e~aluate qualit~ of acou~qtic contact in ultra~onic tes-ting between the radiating 1 and receiYing 2 ultra-~o~ic tra~ducers and the element~ 7 welded together by the joint 4, said common echo pulse being recorded at a moment t determined as t = to ~ S ( Ce cos~e Ct C~t where to ~ time o~ propagation of the ultrasonic wave in material of the radiating ultra90nic tran~ducer 1 and the receiYing ultrasonic transducer 2;
20 Cl,Ct = qpeed of propagation of the longitudinal ultra-sonic ~ave~q 12, 11 and the transver~e ultraso-nic waves tl5 t2 in materia. of the ~elded joi~t 4, reqpecti~ely.
~he me-~hod o~ monitoring acouotic contact i~ ult-25 ra~o~ic te~ti~g according to the inve~tion i~ e~en~i-ally accomp:Li~hed a~ follows~ :
.~,.,. ~ .,. . - . . . . .. . . .
~63~0 _ g _ ~
With the pri3m angle p o~ the radiating ultrasonic tran3ducer 1 a~d the receivnng ultraso~ic traD~ducer 2 -~
~elected to be ~aller than the fir~t critical angle9 the lo~gi-tudinal ultrasonic wave 12 A~d the tran3ver~e 5 ultra~oDic ~a~e tl are ~imultaneou~ly radiated i~to the welded joint 4. ~he arr~ngement of the ultra~onic transducer~ 1 and 2 at the distance A ~rom the longi-tudinal sxis 6 of the weld 5 provide~ ior en~ry ana reflection o~ recorded echo pulses at point3 lying on 10 the ~urface3 3 and 10 o~ the welded joint 4 beyond the rei~orcing bead~ 8 and 9, a ~actor e~sentially elimi-n~ting tha ef~ect o~ irregularitie~ of the re~n~orcing bead~ 8 and 9 on the amplitude of the recorded common echo puls~. ~ecording said echo-pulse amplitude at the 15 mome~t t enables the recei~ing ultrasonic tran~ducer 2 to record only thst echo pulse which followed the above path.
,, to the inve~tion Acou~tic contact was monitored in ultra~onic qua-lity in~pection of the weld 5 of the welded joi~t 4 of a pipe, 1~20 mm in dia, with thickness of the wall ele-ment~ 7 being ~= 15.7 mmc The width of the reinforcing bead 8 of the weld 5 ~a~ ~1= 28 mm, and the width of 25 the reinforcing bead 9 wa3 ~2 = 8 m~. The 3peeds o~
propagatio~ o~ the lo~gitudinal and tra~ver~ ultra-~onic wa~e~ ln metal of the ~elded joi~t 4 were ;~
3~L~
.
~1 = 5.85 103 m/3 and Ct 3.26 ~ 103 m/~, respecti-vely.
~ he radiating transducer 1 and the receiving tran~ducer 2 were essentially ~imilar ultra30nic devi-5 ces with polyvinylchloride (PVC) prismsO The time ofpropagation of an ultra~onic wave in material o~ o~e tra~sducer wa9 2 = 1.8Ju~. The pri~m angle of the tran3ducers 1 and 2 was cho~en to be ~= 22.7. ~he longitudinal ultra~onic wave 12 wa3 radiated into the 10 welded joint 4 at an~le de= 76 and the tran~er~e ultra~onic wave tl, at angle ~t a 34~
Thu~, the radiating and receiving ultra30nic tran-~ducers 1 and 2 were arranged in a 3ymmetric manner with respect to the lo~gitudinal axls 6 o~ the weld 5 .15 at the di~tan¢e A ohoson with due regard ~or the fol-lowing relatlon~hips:
A> ~- , 15.7 tg 76 - ~ >~> 15.7 . tg 34 +
Stated di~erently, A> 14 mm, 53.0 mm >A ~14.6 mm.
In the e~ample di~cu~ed A = 35 mm and the momen~
20 t at which the echo-pulse amplitude i~ recorded i~ *~-termined a9 t = 3.6 10 6 + 15.7 10-3 ( ~ 1 5.85 10 o cos 76 20.6 . 10 6~ = 20.6JUg.
At cho~en Yalue~ o~ A, the longitudinal ultraso-~ic wa~e 12 and the tra~sver~e ultrasonic llre,ve tl ra-diated into the welaod joint 4 were reflected ~rom -.
-: z~3~ ~
the surface 10 of the welded aoint 4 at the poi~t3 14 and 16 ~ymmetric about the longitudinal axi~ 6 of the ~eld 5 at a di~tance of 7 mm ~rom said a~is, that i~, beyo~d the reiniorcing bead 9~ The re~ult~ obtained in 5 monitoring acoustic contact were e~sentially unaffect- ~:
ed by irregularitie~q of the reinforci~g bead~ 8 and 9 oi the weld 5.
~he hereinpropo3ed method oi monitoring acoustic contact i~ ultra~onic testing permit~ controlling ~ua- :
10 lity o~ acoustic contact in ultra30nic in3peotion of wslds o~ welded joints with or without rein~orcing bead~.
Specific term~ have been used for clurity in the de~cription o~ the preferred embodiment of the inven-15 tion. It i9 to be understood, ho~ever, that the in~en-tion i~ not to be restricted to the precise term~ u~ed a~d th~t each term embrace~ all equivalent term3 that fall wlthin the spirit and ~cope of ths invention.
While particular embodiments of the invention 20 h~e been shown and de~cribed, variou3 modiiications thereo~ will be apparent to those skilled i~ the art :~
and the~eiore it i~ not i~tended that the invention be limited to the disclosed embodiments or to the details :~ .
thereo~ and the departures ~ay be made therefrom ~ith-25 in tho 3pirit and ~cope of the in~ention a~ de~ined in the claim~O ':
.
~1 = 5.85 103 m/3 and Ct 3.26 ~ 103 m/~, respecti-vely.
~ he radiating transducer 1 and the receiving tran~ducer 2 were essentially ~imilar ultra30nic devi-5 ces with polyvinylchloride (PVC) prismsO The time ofpropagation of an ultra~onic wave in material o~ o~e tra~sducer wa9 2 = 1.8Ju~. The pri~m angle of the tran3ducers 1 and 2 was cho~en to be ~= 22.7. ~he longitudinal ultra~onic wave 12 wa3 radiated into the 10 welded joint 4 at an~le de= 76 and the tran~er~e ultra~onic wave tl, at angle ~t a 34~
Thu~, the radiating and receiving ultra30nic tran-~ducers 1 and 2 were arranged in a 3ymmetric manner with respect to the lo~gitudinal axls 6 o~ the weld 5 .15 at the di~tan¢e A ohoson with due regard ~or the fol-lowing relatlon~hips:
A> ~- , 15.7 tg 76 - ~ >~> 15.7 . tg 34 +
Stated di~erently, A> 14 mm, 53.0 mm >A ~14.6 mm.
In the e~ample di~cu~ed A = 35 mm and the momen~
20 t at which the echo-pulse amplitude i~ recorded i~ *~-termined a9 t = 3.6 10 6 + 15.7 10-3 ( ~ 1 5.85 10 o cos 76 20.6 . 10 6~ = 20.6JUg.
At cho~en Yalue~ o~ A, the longitudinal ultraso-~ic wa~e 12 and the tra~sver~e ultrasonic llre,ve tl ra-diated into the welaod joint 4 were reflected ~rom -.
-: z~3~ ~
the surface 10 of the welded aoint 4 at the poi~t3 14 and 16 ~ymmetric about the longitudinal axi~ 6 of the ~eld 5 at a di~tance of 7 mm ~rom said a~is, that i~, beyo~d the reiniorcing bead 9~ The re~ult~ obtained in 5 monitoring acoustic contact were e~sentially unaffect- ~:
ed by irregularitie~q of the reinforci~g bead~ 8 and 9 oi the weld 5.
~he hereinpropo3ed method oi monitoring acoustic contact i~ ultra~onic testing permit~ controlling ~ua- :
10 lity o~ acoustic contact in ultra30nic in3peotion of wslds o~ welded joints with or without rein~orcing bead~.
Specific term~ have been used for clurity in the de~cription o~ the preferred embodiment of the inven-15 tion. It i9 to be understood, ho~ever, that the in~en-tion i~ not to be restricted to the precise term~ u~ed a~d th~t each term embrace~ all equivalent term3 that fall wlthin the spirit and ~cope of ths invention.
While particular embodiments of the invention 20 h~e been shown and de~cribed, variou3 modiiications thereo~ will be apparent to those skilled i~ the art :~
and the~eiore it i~ not i~tended that the invention be limited to the disclosed embodiments or to the details :~ .
thereo~ and the departures ~ay be made therefrom ~ith-25 in tho 3pirit and ~cope of the in~ention a~ de~ined in the claim~O ':
Claims
1. A method of monitoring acoustic contact in ultra-sonic testing comprising the steps of:
obtaining a radiating ultrasonic transducer having a prism angle smaller than the first critical angle; a receiving ultrasonic transducer having a prism angle smaller than the first critical angle; and a welded joint under test, said welded joint having a first sur-face through which ultrasonic waves are radiated and a second surface opposite to said first surface, and com-prising a first welded element, a second welded ele-ment and a weld disposed between said first welded ele-ment and said second welded element and having a lon-gitudinal axis, a first reinforcing bead on said first surface and second reinforcing bead on said second surface;
placing said radiating ultrasonic transducer and said receiving ultrasonic transducer on said first sur-face of said equipment under test at a distance A from said longitudinal axis of said weld;
radiating transverse and longitudinal ultrasonic waves by the use of said radiating ultrasonic transdu-cer in the direction of said weld of the welded joint;
selecting said distance in accordance with the following relationships:
where .delta. = thickness of said welded elements of said wel-ded joint;
.DELTA.1,.DELTA.2 =width of said reinforcing beads of said weld, respectively, on said first surface of said welded joint and on said second surface of said welded joint;
.alpha.?,.alpha.t= angles between directions of, respectively, said longitudinal ultrasonic wave and said transverse ultrasonic wave radiated into said welded joint and a perpendicular to said first surface of said welded joint at the point of radiation of said ultrasonic waves;
receiving by the use of said receiving ultrasonic transducer an echo pulse reflected from said second surface of said welded joint and analyzing its amplitu-de to evaluate quality of acoustic contact, and recording said echo pulse at a moment t determin-ed as where t0 = time of propagation of said ultrasonic wave in material of said radiating and receiving ultra-sonic transducer;
C?,Ct=speeds of propagation of said longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves in material of said welded joint, respectively.
obtaining a radiating ultrasonic transducer having a prism angle smaller than the first critical angle; a receiving ultrasonic transducer having a prism angle smaller than the first critical angle; and a welded joint under test, said welded joint having a first sur-face through which ultrasonic waves are radiated and a second surface opposite to said first surface, and com-prising a first welded element, a second welded ele-ment and a weld disposed between said first welded ele-ment and said second welded element and having a lon-gitudinal axis, a first reinforcing bead on said first surface and second reinforcing bead on said second surface;
placing said radiating ultrasonic transducer and said receiving ultrasonic transducer on said first sur-face of said equipment under test at a distance A from said longitudinal axis of said weld;
radiating transverse and longitudinal ultrasonic waves by the use of said radiating ultrasonic transdu-cer in the direction of said weld of the welded joint;
selecting said distance in accordance with the following relationships:
where .delta. = thickness of said welded elements of said wel-ded joint;
.DELTA.1,.DELTA.2 =width of said reinforcing beads of said weld, respectively, on said first surface of said welded joint and on said second surface of said welded joint;
.alpha.?,.alpha.t= angles between directions of, respectively, said longitudinal ultrasonic wave and said transverse ultrasonic wave radiated into said welded joint and a perpendicular to said first surface of said welded joint at the point of radiation of said ultrasonic waves;
receiving by the use of said receiving ultrasonic transducer an echo pulse reflected from said second surface of said welded joint and analyzing its amplitu-de to evaluate quality of acoustic contact, and recording said echo pulse at a moment t determin-ed as where t0 = time of propagation of said ultrasonic wave in material of said radiating and receiving ultra-sonic transducer;
C?,Ct=speeds of propagation of said longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves in material of said welded joint, respectively.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2006310 CA2006310A1 (en) | 1989-12-21 | 1989-12-21 | Method of monitoring acoustic contact in ultrasonic testing |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2006310 CA2006310A1 (en) | 1989-12-21 | 1989-12-21 | Method of monitoring acoustic contact in ultrasonic testing |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2006310A1 true CA2006310A1 (en) | 1991-06-21 |
Family
ID=4143859
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2006310 Abandoned CA2006310A1 (en) | 1989-12-21 | 1989-12-21 | Method of monitoring acoustic contact in ultrasonic testing |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2006310A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109884185A (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2019-06-14 | 南通友联数码技术开发有限公司 | Take turns shaft detection special-purpose ultrasonic head angle Auto-Test System and test method |
| RU2791670C1 (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2023-03-13 | Акционерное общество "Обнинское научно-производственное предприятие "Технология" им. А.Г.Ромашина" | Method for checking quality of acoustic contact between ultrasonic transducer and ceramic product during ultrasonic flaw detection |
-
1989
- 1989-12-21 CA CA 2006310 patent/CA2006310A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109884185A (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2019-06-14 | 南通友联数码技术开发有限公司 | Take turns shaft detection special-purpose ultrasonic head angle Auto-Test System and test method |
| CN109884185B (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2021-09-28 | 南通友联数码技术开发有限公司 | Automatic testing system and testing method for angle of special ultrasonic probe for wheel axle detection |
| RU2791670C1 (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2023-03-13 | Акционерное общество "Обнинское научно-производственное предприятие "Технология" им. А.Г.Ромашина" | Method for checking quality of acoustic contact between ultrasonic transducer and ceramic product during ultrasonic flaw detection |
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