CA2001505C - Pipe apparatus in heat accumulator - Google Patents
Pipe apparatus in heat accumulatorInfo
- Publication number
- CA2001505C CA2001505C CA002001505A CA2001505A CA2001505C CA 2001505 C CA2001505 C CA 2001505C CA 002001505 A CA002001505 A CA 002001505A CA 2001505 A CA2001505 A CA 2001505A CA 2001505 C CA2001505 C CA 2001505C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- fluid
- block
- heater
- heat
- heat exchanger
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
- F24D11/002—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H7/00—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release
- F24H7/02—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid
- F24H7/04—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid with forced circulation of the transfer fluid
- F24H7/0408—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid with forced circulation of the transfer fluid using electrical energy supply
- F24H7/0416—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid with forced circulation of the transfer fluid using electrical energy supply the transfer fluid being air
- F24H7/0425—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid with forced circulation of the transfer fluid using electrical energy supply the transfer fluid being air with supplementary heating means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F2013/005—Thermal joints
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2265/00—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction
- F28F2265/26—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction for allowing differential expansion between elements
Abstract
A heat exchanger system having an improved heat accumulator or heater block is disclosed for utilizing off-peak electrical power. The heater block utilizes a high thermal conductive material having electric heater wires embedded therein.
Passageways extend through the heater block and heater fluid tubes are located in the passageway and carries heat transfer fluid through the heater block. A packing material is located between the side walls of these tubes and the walls of the passageway wherein the packing material has a suitable thermal expansion coefficient whereby when the block is heated the packing material can compensate for the difference in expansion between the block and the heater fluid tube thereby avoiding cracking of the fluid tube and heater block. Liquid circulation pumps are included and the heater block is in fluid communication with various heat exchangers for heating applications such as heating rooms. The heater block can be heated up to about 850°C and the heater block power supply is coupled to a clock so that the heat exchanger can be operated at those off-peak periods during the day when excess utility power is available. The pipes in the accumulator are shaped and dimensioned to withstand high thermal stress and to provide a steam-cover or gas-lock when the circulation pumps are off. The fluid circulation pumps are controlled in such a way that no fluid is circulated through the system until the fluid in the heater block has been heated to a predetermined temperature.
Passageways extend through the heater block and heater fluid tubes are located in the passageway and carries heat transfer fluid through the heater block. A packing material is located between the side walls of these tubes and the walls of the passageway wherein the packing material has a suitable thermal expansion coefficient whereby when the block is heated the packing material can compensate for the difference in expansion between the block and the heater fluid tube thereby avoiding cracking of the fluid tube and heater block. Liquid circulation pumps are included and the heater block is in fluid communication with various heat exchangers for heating applications such as heating rooms. The heater block can be heated up to about 850°C and the heater block power supply is coupled to a clock so that the heat exchanger can be operated at those off-peak periods during the day when excess utility power is available. The pipes in the accumulator are shaped and dimensioned to withstand high thermal stress and to provide a steam-cover or gas-lock when the circulation pumps are off. The fluid circulation pumps are controlled in such a way that no fluid is circulated through the system until the fluid in the heater block has been heated to a predetermined temperature.
Description
PIPE APPARATUS IN HEAT ACCUMULATOR
BACKGROUND OF THE INV~ lON
Until now there are problems in providing long lasting heat and efficient accumulators coupled with existing heat exchange systems. Known heat accumulators tend to crack and are destroyed within a short period after completion.
The increasing cost of energy has let to studies of various energy conservation schemes concerned with using cheaper off-peak electrical energy and putting it to practical use.
Various methods to convert cheaper off-peak electrical energy into heat and store it for use in daytime applications in the subject matter of several PCT applications, of which application No.
0183327 discloses a contact heat accumulator arrangement and application No. 0183328 discloses a heat accumulator arranged in a heat exchanger configuration with a cooling/heating machine.
The prior art EPO patent application No. 83903597.9 discloses a more effective heat accumulator in combination with a heat exchanger. This combination uses for instance a water tank as storage vessel. In order to provide an energy storage capacity at a reasonable level, a large space and expensive constructions are required. Other known constructions are based on complex arrangements which are expensive and constitute doubtful solutions to the problem of using cheap electrical energy available in off-peak periods such as at night. In the prior art, the heat accumulator is connected in series to a heating system and large volume heat transfer pipes of the chamber type are arranged in a ~, `~
~_ 200 ~ 505 heat accumulator block of a high heat capacity.
These pipes are dimensioned so that vapour is formed in the chambers when there is no heat transfer from the block. When restarting the heat transfer, the vapour is pressed out successively from each chamber. Such operation involves control problems.
SUMMARY OF THE lNV~ ION
In order to reduce the risk of uncontrolled vapour distribution there is suggested a condenser in the outlet from the accumulator and/or separate vapour outfeed from individual chambers. Another system requires an auxiliary condenser arrangement comprising a water system including an expansion vessel, a pump and a control means for the pump sensing the temperature in the system heated by the heat accumulator.
This invention is also related to the pipes to press out steam, the vaporized state of water, as a heat transfer material in such heat accumulators. Other materials besides water can be used as the heat transfer material. In the following brief explanation of this invention, water is used as an example of a heat transfer material. The heat accumulator comprises a body of a material having a high heat capacity and a high melting point, for instance cast iron, ceramics, etc., and the body is designed to be heated by electrical energy to a temperature considerably higher than the normal maximum temperature of a heat exchanger in thermal contact with the accumulator body from 10 p.m. to 6 a.m.
The heat accumulator body heated by electrical energy is covered I
~ 20~ 1 505 with an insulating material (adiabator) in order to reduce thermal heat losses.
In the daytime most electric energy is used in factory and business areas from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. and the heat stored in the heat accumulator may be used to make hot water for domestic home use. The heat accumulator can be heated by electrical energy during the lunch hour from for example 12 a.m. to 1 p.m. as with the cheap electric energy available at night.
A conduit or pipe system containing a fluid in the liquid phase and having a relatively low boiling point, for instance water, is arranged in heat transferring communication between the heat exchanger and the heat accumulator body.
Circulation pumps are arranged in the piping system for water transport between the accumulator body and the heat exchanger and has on its suction side piping in flow communication with an expansion vessel so as to withstand the maximum pressure.
A temperature sensing means is arranged in the system so that the pump stops when the heat exchanger reaches a predetermined temperature, thereby keeping in the piping in the accumulator body dry vapour in a state of moderate pressure generated in the expansion vessel. The temperature sensing means may be a room thermostat which is used when the accumulator is connected to a floor heating system.
Consequently, when the pump receives a start signal from said temperature sensing means for renewed heat transfer between the heat accumulator body and the heat exchanger, vapour is instantly released from the accumulator to fill the piping. The heat exchanger may have an expansion vessel of either open type or '.
200 ~ 505 closed loop type to withstand the expansion pressure. The control device of the pump preferably employs a thermostat or a thyristor device for sensing the temperature of the water in the heat exchanger system or at the inlet or outlet from the heat exchanger.
The heat accumulator body is for instance manufactured from a ceramics material having approximately the following composition, comprising by weight 90% MgO, 4% CaO and different kinds of oxides. The heat accumulator consists of ceramics material and heating wires are placed in holes in the ceramics material and connected in series to an electrical power supply .
The heat pipes are arranged in the heat accumulator body. The heat accumulator body is covered with a thick insulator and is coated with heat a reflective layer or a reflector film for better heat conservation. Pipes are inserted into the heat accumulator which pass water therethrough and exchange heat between the heat accumulator body and a heat exchange system coupled thereto. The circulation speed of circulation pumps is controlled by thermostat or thyristor in the system in association with the temperature of inlet pipe or the temperature difference between input and output.
The present invention provides a heat accumulator of the type having a heating block fabricated of a material having a high thermal conductivity, and including electric heating wires located therein for heating said block, said heating wires adapted to be connected to an electric power supply in operation, the block provided with passageways extending therethrough and a heater fluid tube extending through said passageways and being in thermal contact with said block, the heater fluid tube having an entrance _ 5 port and an exit port each located on the exterior of said block, the accumulator being provided with an outer insulation layer enveloping said block. The improvement comprises the accumulator being provided with a thermally conductive packing material for packing the space between the heater fluid tube outer side walls and the passageway walls in said block thereby providing said thermal contact, said packing material being selected from the class of materials having suitable thermal expansion coefficients whereby when the block is heated said packing material can compensate for the difference in expansion between said block and said heater fluid tube, the improvement further comprising the heater fluid tubes located in said block being shaped and dimensioned to form a gas-lock when a fluid circulation means operably couplable to said accumulator is not pumping the heat exchanger liquid.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
This invention will be more fully understood from the detailed description given hereinbelow, reference being had to the accompanying drawings which are given for purposes of illustration only, and wherein:
Fig. 1 is a schematic drawing of heat accumulator embodying the subject invention;
Fig. 2 is a sectional view of pipe apparatus according to this invention; and Fig. 3 (A) (B) are schematic drawings of various embodiments of pipes in heat accumulators according to the present ,~3 2 ~ ~ ~ 5 ~ ~
invention.
* The numerals in the drawings indicate the following elements.
Numeral 1 indicates a heat accumulator, numeral 2 indicates an electric heating wire, numeral 3 and 8 indicate a pipe, numeral 4 indicates an adiabatic material, numerals 5 and 6 indicate circulation pumps, numeral 18 represents a steam condensing apparatus, numeral 7 represents an assistant heat accumulating tank, numeral 30 represents a hot water tank, numeral 16 represents a radiator, numeral 20 represents a control unit, numeral 24 represents a thermostat, numeral 14 represents heat accumulating, numeral 25 represents an expansion chamber, numeral 17 represents a connector, and numeral 19 represents a cold water valve.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE lNv~ loN
Figure 1 illustrates a schematic drawing of the heat system 14 forming the present invention which includes a heat accumulator (1) and a heat exchanger such as shown at 7, 30 or 16 coupled thereto. The heat accumulating material in heat accumulator (1) is heated by an array of electric heating wires (2) connected to a control unit (20) controlling the electrical power supply. The heat accumulator (1) can be heated to 600 and up to 850C if desired. The heat is stored in a heat accumulating material such as cast iron or ceramics.
For use of the stored heat, the water in pipes (3) in the heat accumulator (1) is circulated by the operation of '~
7 2G0 ~ 505 circulation pumps (5) and (6) and the heat accumulated in heat accumulator (1) is delivered from a steam condensing apparatus (18) to hot water tank (30) through pipes (3). Cold water which is admitted to the hot water tank (30) through inlet (34) is heated by the hot water in pipe (3) with the help of propeller (9?
and supplied from outlet (35) to the kitchen or bathroom or other locations. The pipe (3) may also be connected to a radiator (16) so as to heat a bedroom or livingroom. An expansion chamber (25) may be installed in a closed type in pipe (3) or separately in an open type on the outside.
The circulation pumps (5) and (6) supply low-temperature water to the heat accumulator (1). The control unit (20) which also controls night electric supply constitutes a heat accumulating system (14) with heat accumulator 1. In case of being heated beyond the capacity of heat accumulator (1) or upward of 850C, the excess heat is stored in an auxiliary heat accumulating rank 7 which may be provided in plurality to increase the capacity of heat accumulation. Heat accumulators (1) can be connected serially or in parallel in accordance with the size of house or heating space to control the capacity of heat storing.
In this invention, pipe (3) in the heat accumulator (1) can be heated up to 600C even sometimes up 850C and is dimensioned and shaped to have arcuate bent portions embedded in accumulator (1) which helps to maintain the steam on top of the heat accumulator (1) when the liquid pumps are off. In this way, a gas-lock or steam cover is formed in accumulator (1) thereby preventing fluid circulation when pumps (5) and (6) are switched off. This results in quieter operation when no fluid is being - ~ 8 200 1 505 circulated. This gas-lock advantageously ensures that the heat exchange fluid is always present in the liquid state in the pumps, thereby ensuring that the pumps can start instantaneously.
The steam can absorb high-temperature hèat from the vicinity of the pipe and the temperature of the water in the pipe (3) is controlled to correspond to that of the water in hot water tank (30) and in heat accumulator (1) and to keep the predetermined temperature by the operation of thermostat ('24)(33).
As the temperature of the water decreases, the speed of circulation pump (6) is increased to maintain the predetermined temperature of the water, for example 70C.
According to this invention a high heat capacity powder 3b can be filled in the hole (3a) between pipe (3) and accumulator material (1) to allow for the differential expansion of the pipes and heat accumulator with temperature change, best seen in Figure 2. The high heat capacity powder (3b) is made for example of copper, cement powder or silicon carbide, which can accommodate the difference of the temperature expansion coefficients between the different materials thereby protecting against thermal stress hazards such as cracking or breaking of the heat accumulator (1) in the heat exchange system in accordance with the present invention. The heat exchange fluid in pipes (3) may be a heat transfer liquid material having a high boiling point or a low boiling point.
This invention also provides pipe connectors (17) (17') between the inlet and outlet of the heat accumulator (1) which may be made of ceramics, porcelain or other thermally and electrically insulating materials to protect against heat loss and electrical 9 2 ~ 0 ~
leakage.
Various embodiments of installation according to this invention are shown in Fig. 3 (A) and (B), to install pipes (3) vertically or horizontally in the heat accumulating system which can be used in accordance with the place and status effectively.
The heating system (14) according to this invention may comprise a plurality of heat exchanges such as heating machine (16) connected to heat accumulator (1). Several systems may be arranged in series or parallel depending on the size of the building or house.
The pipe apparatus (3) of heat accumulator (1) according to the present invention have demonstrated long lifetimes without exhibiting cracks or breaks on account of the difference of expansion-contraction coefficients between different materials at the high temperatures. Also, this apparatus may be installed vertically or horizontally and may be adapted to the conditions of various envlronments.
While the pipe apparatus and associated heat accumulator of the present invention has been described and illustrated with respect to the various embodiments disclosed herein, it will be appreciated that numerous variations of the embodiments may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
~5
BACKGROUND OF THE INV~ lON
Until now there are problems in providing long lasting heat and efficient accumulators coupled with existing heat exchange systems. Known heat accumulators tend to crack and are destroyed within a short period after completion.
The increasing cost of energy has let to studies of various energy conservation schemes concerned with using cheaper off-peak electrical energy and putting it to practical use.
Various methods to convert cheaper off-peak electrical energy into heat and store it for use in daytime applications in the subject matter of several PCT applications, of which application No.
0183327 discloses a contact heat accumulator arrangement and application No. 0183328 discloses a heat accumulator arranged in a heat exchanger configuration with a cooling/heating machine.
The prior art EPO patent application No. 83903597.9 discloses a more effective heat accumulator in combination with a heat exchanger. This combination uses for instance a water tank as storage vessel. In order to provide an energy storage capacity at a reasonable level, a large space and expensive constructions are required. Other known constructions are based on complex arrangements which are expensive and constitute doubtful solutions to the problem of using cheap electrical energy available in off-peak periods such as at night. In the prior art, the heat accumulator is connected in series to a heating system and large volume heat transfer pipes of the chamber type are arranged in a ~, `~
~_ 200 ~ 505 heat accumulator block of a high heat capacity.
These pipes are dimensioned so that vapour is formed in the chambers when there is no heat transfer from the block. When restarting the heat transfer, the vapour is pressed out successively from each chamber. Such operation involves control problems.
SUMMARY OF THE lNV~ ION
In order to reduce the risk of uncontrolled vapour distribution there is suggested a condenser in the outlet from the accumulator and/or separate vapour outfeed from individual chambers. Another system requires an auxiliary condenser arrangement comprising a water system including an expansion vessel, a pump and a control means for the pump sensing the temperature in the system heated by the heat accumulator.
This invention is also related to the pipes to press out steam, the vaporized state of water, as a heat transfer material in such heat accumulators. Other materials besides water can be used as the heat transfer material. In the following brief explanation of this invention, water is used as an example of a heat transfer material. The heat accumulator comprises a body of a material having a high heat capacity and a high melting point, for instance cast iron, ceramics, etc., and the body is designed to be heated by electrical energy to a temperature considerably higher than the normal maximum temperature of a heat exchanger in thermal contact with the accumulator body from 10 p.m. to 6 a.m.
The heat accumulator body heated by electrical energy is covered I
~ 20~ 1 505 with an insulating material (adiabator) in order to reduce thermal heat losses.
In the daytime most electric energy is used in factory and business areas from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. and the heat stored in the heat accumulator may be used to make hot water for domestic home use. The heat accumulator can be heated by electrical energy during the lunch hour from for example 12 a.m. to 1 p.m. as with the cheap electric energy available at night.
A conduit or pipe system containing a fluid in the liquid phase and having a relatively low boiling point, for instance water, is arranged in heat transferring communication between the heat exchanger and the heat accumulator body.
Circulation pumps are arranged in the piping system for water transport between the accumulator body and the heat exchanger and has on its suction side piping in flow communication with an expansion vessel so as to withstand the maximum pressure.
A temperature sensing means is arranged in the system so that the pump stops when the heat exchanger reaches a predetermined temperature, thereby keeping in the piping in the accumulator body dry vapour in a state of moderate pressure generated in the expansion vessel. The temperature sensing means may be a room thermostat which is used when the accumulator is connected to a floor heating system.
Consequently, when the pump receives a start signal from said temperature sensing means for renewed heat transfer between the heat accumulator body and the heat exchanger, vapour is instantly released from the accumulator to fill the piping. The heat exchanger may have an expansion vessel of either open type or '.
200 ~ 505 closed loop type to withstand the expansion pressure. The control device of the pump preferably employs a thermostat or a thyristor device for sensing the temperature of the water in the heat exchanger system or at the inlet or outlet from the heat exchanger.
The heat accumulator body is for instance manufactured from a ceramics material having approximately the following composition, comprising by weight 90% MgO, 4% CaO and different kinds of oxides. The heat accumulator consists of ceramics material and heating wires are placed in holes in the ceramics material and connected in series to an electrical power supply .
The heat pipes are arranged in the heat accumulator body. The heat accumulator body is covered with a thick insulator and is coated with heat a reflective layer or a reflector film for better heat conservation. Pipes are inserted into the heat accumulator which pass water therethrough and exchange heat between the heat accumulator body and a heat exchange system coupled thereto. The circulation speed of circulation pumps is controlled by thermostat or thyristor in the system in association with the temperature of inlet pipe or the temperature difference between input and output.
The present invention provides a heat accumulator of the type having a heating block fabricated of a material having a high thermal conductivity, and including electric heating wires located therein for heating said block, said heating wires adapted to be connected to an electric power supply in operation, the block provided with passageways extending therethrough and a heater fluid tube extending through said passageways and being in thermal contact with said block, the heater fluid tube having an entrance _ 5 port and an exit port each located on the exterior of said block, the accumulator being provided with an outer insulation layer enveloping said block. The improvement comprises the accumulator being provided with a thermally conductive packing material for packing the space between the heater fluid tube outer side walls and the passageway walls in said block thereby providing said thermal contact, said packing material being selected from the class of materials having suitable thermal expansion coefficients whereby when the block is heated said packing material can compensate for the difference in expansion between said block and said heater fluid tube, the improvement further comprising the heater fluid tubes located in said block being shaped and dimensioned to form a gas-lock when a fluid circulation means operably couplable to said accumulator is not pumping the heat exchanger liquid.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
This invention will be more fully understood from the detailed description given hereinbelow, reference being had to the accompanying drawings which are given for purposes of illustration only, and wherein:
Fig. 1 is a schematic drawing of heat accumulator embodying the subject invention;
Fig. 2 is a sectional view of pipe apparatus according to this invention; and Fig. 3 (A) (B) are schematic drawings of various embodiments of pipes in heat accumulators according to the present ,~3 2 ~ ~ ~ 5 ~ ~
invention.
* The numerals in the drawings indicate the following elements.
Numeral 1 indicates a heat accumulator, numeral 2 indicates an electric heating wire, numeral 3 and 8 indicate a pipe, numeral 4 indicates an adiabatic material, numerals 5 and 6 indicate circulation pumps, numeral 18 represents a steam condensing apparatus, numeral 7 represents an assistant heat accumulating tank, numeral 30 represents a hot water tank, numeral 16 represents a radiator, numeral 20 represents a control unit, numeral 24 represents a thermostat, numeral 14 represents heat accumulating, numeral 25 represents an expansion chamber, numeral 17 represents a connector, and numeral 19 represents a cold water valve.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE lNv~ loN
Figure 1 illustrates a schematic drawing of the heat system 14 forming the present invention which includes a heat accumulator (1) and a heat exchanger such as shown at 7, 30 or 16 coupled thereto. The heat accumulating material in heat accumulator (1) is heated by an array of electric heating wires (2) connected to a control unit (20) controlling the electrical power supply. The heat accumulator (1) can be heated to 600 and up to 850C if desired. The heat is stored in a heat accumulating material such as cast iron or ceramics.
For use of the stored heat, the water in pipes (3) in the heat accumulator (1) is circulated by the operation of '~
7 2G0 ~ 505 circulation pumps (5) and (6) and the heat accumulated in heat accumulator (1) is delivered from a steam condensing apparatus (18) to hot water tank (30) through pipes (3). Cold water which is admitted to the hot water tank (30) through inlet (34) is heated by the hot water in pipe (3) with the help of propeller (9?
and supplied from outlet (35) to the kitchen or bathroom or other locations. The pipe (3) may also be connected to a radiator (16) so as to heat a bedroom or livingroom. An expansion chamber (25) may be installed in a closed type in pipe (3) or separately in an open type on the outside.
The circulation pumps (5) and (6) supply low-temperature water to the heat accumulator (1). The control unit (20) which also controls night electric supply constitutes a heat accumulating system (14) with heat accumulator 1. In case of being heated beyond the capacity of heat accumulator (1) or upward of 850C, the excess heat is stored in an auxiliary heat accumulating rank 7 which may be provided in plurality to increase the capacity of heat accumulation. Heat accumulators (1) can be connected serially or in parallel in accordance with the size of house or heating space to control the capacity of heat storing.
In this invention, pipe (3) in the heat accumulator (1) can be heated up to 600C even sometimes up 850C and is dimensioned and shaped to have arcuate bent portions embedded in accumulator (1) which helps to maintain the steam on top of the heat accumulator (1) when the liquid pumps are off. In this way, a gas-lock or steam cover is formed in accumulator (1) thereby preventing fluid circulation when pumps (5) and (6) are switched off. This results in quieter operation when no fluid is being - ~ 8 200 1 505 circulated. This gas-lock advantageously ensures that the heat exchange fluid is always present in the liquid state in the pumps, thereby ensuring that the pumps can start instantaneously.
The steam can absorb high-temperature hèat from the vicinity of the pipe and the temperature of the water in the pipe (3) is controlled to correspond to that of the water in hot water tank (30) and in heat accumulator (1) and to keep the predetermined temperature by the operation of thermostat ('24)(33).
As the temperature of the water decreases, the speed of circulation pump (6) is increased to maintain the predetermined temperature of the water, for example 70C.
According to this invention a high heat capacity powder 3b can be filled in the hole (3a) between pipe (3) and accumulator material (1) to allow for the differential expansion of the pipes and heat accumulator with temperature change, best seen in Figure 2. The high heat capacity powder (3b) is made for example of copper, cement powder or silicon carbide, which can accommodate the difference of the temperature expansion coefficients between the different materials thereby protecting against thermal stress hazards such as cracking or breaking of the heat accumulator (1) in the heat exchange system in accordance with the present invention. The heat exchange fluid in pipes (3) may be a heat transfer liquid material having a high boiling point or a low boiling point.
This invention also provides pipe connectors (17) (17') between the inlet and outlet of the heat accumulator (1) which may be made of ceramics, porcelain or other thermally and electrically insulating materials to protect against heat loss and electrical 9 2 ~ 0 ~
leakage.
Various embodiments of installation according to this invention are shown in Fig. 3 (A) and (B), to install pipes (3) vertically or horizontally in the heat accumulating system which can be used in accordance with the place and status effectively.
The heating system (14) according to this invention may comprise a plurality of heat exchanges such as heating machine (16) connected to heat accumulator (1). Several systems may be arranged in series or parallel depending on the size of the building or house.
The pipe apparatus (3) of heat accumulator (1) according to the present invention have demonstrated long lifetimes without exhibiting cracks or breaks on account of the difference of expansion-contraction coefficients between different materials at the high temperatures. Also, this apparatus may be installed vertically or horizontally and may be adapted to the conditions of various envlronments.
While the pipe apparatus and associated heat accumulator of the present invention has been described and illustrated with respect to the various embodiments disclosed herein, it will be appreciated that numerous variations of the embodiments may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
~5
Claims (14)
1. In a heating system of the type having a fluid heater including a block fabricated of a material having a high thermal conductivity, and including electric heating wires located in said block for heating said block, said heating wires adapted to be connected to an electric power supply in operation, the block provided with passageways extending therethrough and a heater fluid tube extending through said passageways and being in thermal contact with said block, the heater fluid tube having an entrance port and an exit port each located on the exterior of said block, the fluid heater being provided with an outer insulation layer, the heating system provided with at least one heat exchange unit coupled to said fluid heater by a pipe system coupled to said entrance and exit ports of the heater fluid tube, and the heating system including fluid circulation means operably coupled to said pipes for circulating heat transfer fluid between said fluid heater and said at least one heat exchange unit, wherein the improvement comprises;
the fluid heater being provided with a thermally conductive packing material for packing the space between the heater fluid tube outer side walls and the passageway walls in said block thereby providing said thermal contact, said packing material being selected from the class of materials having suitable thermal expansion coefficients whereby when the block is heated said packing material can compensate for the difference in expansion between said block and said heater fluid tube, the improvement further comprising the heater fluid tubes located in said block being shaped and dimensioned to form a gas-lock when said fluid circulation means is not pumping the heat exchanger liquid.
the fluid heater being provided with a thermally conductive packing material for packing the space between the heater fluid tube outer side walls and the passageway walls in said block thereby providing said thermal contact, said packing material being selected from the class of materials having suitable thermal expansion coefficients whereby when the block is heated said packing material can compensate for the difference in expansion between said block and said heater fluid tube, the improvement further comprising the heater fluid tubes located in said block being shaped and dimensioned to form a gas-lock when said fluid circulation means is not pumping the heat exchanger liquid.
2. A heat exchanger according to claim 1 wherein the connections between said exit and entrance ports and said pipes being electrical and thermal insulators, the improvement further comprising fluid circulation control means including temperature sensing means mounted for sensing the temperature of heat transfer fluid, the fluid circulation control means being operably coupled to said fluid circulation means and being responsive to the temperature of said heat transfer fluid for starting and stopping the fluid circulation means when the heat transfer fluid is at a preset temperature.
3. A heat exchanger according to claim 1 wherein said electric power supply is operably coupled to a clock means, the electric power supply being responsive to the output of said clock.
4. A heat exchanger according to claim 3 including a fluid expansion vessel in fluid flow communication with said fluid pipe system and said exit port.
5. A heat exchanger according to claim 4 wherein said heat exchange fluid is water.
6. A heat exchanger according to claim 5 wherein said fluid heater is heatable to about 850 C.
7. A heat exchanger according to claim 6 wherein said block is fabricated of a material selected from the class of materials having a high thermal conductivity including ceramics and iron.
8. A heat exchanger according to claim 7 wherein said block is a ceramic block fabricated from a mixture of ceramic oxides including 90% MgO, 4% SiO2 and 4% CaO.
9. A heat exchanger according to claim 1 wherein said packing material is selected from the class of materials including copper powder, silicon carbide and ceramics.
10. A heat exchanger according to claim 7 wherein said fluid circulation control means comprises a thermostat.
11. A heat exchanger according to claim 1 including an auxiliary heat storage means comprising an insulated tank enclosing fluid therein, and a portion of said fluid pipe system being routed through said fluid in the insulated tank whereby heated fluid exiting said heater block heats said fluid in the insulated tank.
12. A heat exchanger according to claim 11 wherein said auxiliary heat storage means is a first heat storage means, and including a plurality of auxiliary heat storage means arranged in series flow communication with said heater block.
13 13. A heat exchanger according to claim 11 wherein said auxiliary heat storage means is a first heat storage means, and including a plurality of auxiliary heat storage means arranged in parallel flow communication with said heater block.
14. In a heat accumulator of the type having a heating block fabricated of a material having a high thermal conductivity, and including electric heating wires located therein for heating said block, said heating wires adapted to be connected to an electric power supply in operation, the block provided with passageways extending therethrough and a heater fluid tube extending through said passageways and being in thermal contact with said block, the heater fluid tube having an entrance port and an exit port each located on the exterior of said block, the accumulator being provided with an outer insulation layer enveloping said block, wherein the improvement comprises;
the accumulator being provided with a thermally conductive packing material for packing the space between the heater fluid tube outer side walls and the passageway walls in said block thereby providing said thermal contact, said packing material being selected from the class of materials having suitable thermal expansion coefficients whereby when the block is heated said packing material can compensate for the difference in expansion between said block and said heater fluid tube, the improvement further comprising the heater fluid tubes located in said block being shaped and dimensioned to form a gas-lock when a fluid circulation means operably couplable to said accumulator is not pumping the heat exchanger liquid.
the accumulator being provided with a thermally conductive packing material for packing the space between the heater fluid tube outer side walls and the passageway walls in said block thereby providing said thermal contact, said packing material being selected from the class of materials having suitable thermal expansion coefficients whereby when the block is heated said packing material can compensate for the difference in expansion between said block and said heater fluid tube, the improvement further comprising the heater fluid tubes located in said block being shaped and dimensioned to form a gas-lock when a fluid circulation means operably couplable to said accumulator is not pumping the heat exchanger liquid.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR880014563 | 1988-11-05 | ||
| KR14563/1988 | 1988-11-05 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2001505A1 CA2001505A1 (en) | 1990-05-05 |
| CA2001505C true CA2001505C (en) | 1994-12-06 |
Family
ID=19279032
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002001505A Expired - Fee Related CA2001505C (en) | 1988-11-05 | 1989-10-23 | Pipe apparatus in heat accumulator |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1022132C (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2001505C (en) |
| IE (1) | IE63981B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1990005271A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES2046070B1 (en) * | 1991-06-17 | 1996-08-16 | Eika S Coop Ltda | WATER HEATER FOR HEAT ACCUMULATION. |
| ES2185510B1 (en) * | 2001-10-09 | 2004-08-16 | Francisco Sanchez Rodriguez | BOILER OF THERMAL ENERGY ACCUMULATION OF ELECTRICAL ORIGIN AND DOWNLOAD ON DEMAND THROUGH VAPOR CONDENSATION. |
| WO2006072178A1 (en) * | 2005-01-06 | 2006-07-13 | New World Generation Inc. | Thermal storage medium |
| US7723858B2 (en) * | 2005-01-10 | 2010-05-25 | New World Generation Inc. | Power plant having a heat storage medium and a method of operation thereof |
| CN100458280C (en) * | 2005-12-13 | 2009-02-04 | 北京科技大学 | Superheat adjustable self-purifying steam generation method by using valley electricity to store heat |
| JP4657226B2 (en) * | 2007-02-01 | 2011-03-23 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Heat storage device |
| DE102008047557A1 (en) | 2008-05-30 | 2009-12-03 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR) | Device and system for storing thermal energy |
| US20110308761A1 (en) * | 2010-06-17 | 2011-12-22 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Regenerator, regeneration process, and liquid polymer mixture for a regenerator |
| GB201104867D0 (en) | 2011-03-23 | 2011-05-04 | Isentropic Ltd | Improved thermal storage system |
| CN103673165B (en) * | 2012-09-13 | 2016-04-20 | 魏铮 | Multifunctional system tail end accumulation of energy release energy machine |
| CN105757965A (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2016-07-13 | 邹恩义 | Electric water heating device |
| CN107726907B (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2023-09-29 | 江苏高菱蓄能科技有限公司 | Automatic protection device |
| EP3985340A1 (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2022-04-20 | Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S | Thermal energy storage plant |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1418460A (en) * | 1919-03-21 | 1922-06-06 | Pfenninger Hermann | Heat-storing and water-evaporating plant |
| CH252974A (en) * | 1947-01-20 | 1948-02-15 | Sulzer Ag | Heat storage with electric heating. |
| GB1034929A (en) * | 1963-09-26 | 1966-07-06 | Albright & Wilson Mfg Ltd | Heat storage apparatus |
| JPS59501992A (en) * | 1982-10-29 | 1984-11-29 | ヤコブソン，レイフ | heat storage device |
-
1989
- 1989-10-23 CA CA002001505A patent/CA2001505C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-11-04 CN CN89108733A patent/CN1022132C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-11-06 WO PCT/SE1989/000635 patent/WO1990005271A1/en unknown
- 1989-11-06 IE IE356789A patent/IE63981B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1022132C (en) | 1993-09-15 |
| WO1990005271A1 (en) | 1990-05-17 |
| IE893567L (en) | 1990-05-05 |
| IE63981B1 (en) | 1995-06-28 |
| CN1042603A (en) | 1990-05-30 |
| CA2001505A1 (en) | 1990-05-05 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |