CA1340272C

CA1340272C - Lubricant or lubricant concentrate

Info

Publication number: CA1340272C
Application number: CA000563732A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Erasmus Froeschmann
Original assignee: Bremer and Leguil GmbH
Current assignee: Bremer and Leguil GmbH
Priority date: 1987-04-10
Filing date: 1988-04-08
Publication date: 1998-12-15
Anticipated expiration: 2015-12-15
Also published as: DE3712133C2; JPH01503543A; DE3712133A1; KR890701717A; DE3851355D1; ES2064326T3; ATE111149T1; WO1988008021A1; EP0286139B1; KR960014936B1; JP2843584B2; EP0286139A1

Abstract

Lubricant or lubricant concentrate on mineral oil and/or synthetic oil basis having improved lubricating properties, in particular improved load bearing, sliding and corrosion inhibiting properties, which contains a) one or more mineral oils and/or synthetic oils as base oil and b) at least one tetravalent to octavalent alcohol having at least one quaternary carbon atom as well as at least one ester bond in its molecule and having a density d20 of at least 0,900 and an enthalpy H of at least 350 kcal/kg, c) at least one asymmetric organometallic compound, d) at least one phosphor containing substance, e) at least one sulfur containing substance and f) further usual additives.

Description

1- 13~027~

1 D e s c r i p t i o n The present invention refers to a novel lubricant (lubricating agent~ or lubricant concentrate on a mineral oil and/or synthetic oil basis having improved lubricating properties, in particular improved load bearing, sliding or gliding as well as corrosion preventing properties.

During the last decades numerous processes and lubricating systems have been developed in order to reduce the friction and wear of moving machine parts and to lower the costs for energy and replacement parts and to extend the service life of lubricants and of materials. As an ideal lubricant the "lifetime lubricant" is considered which takes into account the ecological requirements becoming more and more restrictive.

On the way to longlife and hi~hduty lubricants, lubricating systems and lubricating processes in the first step the so-called chemical wear lubrication has been developed. By using it the metal-to-metal contact could be largely prevented by means of the salt formation on the surfaces of the micro-mountains of the moving parts by forming chemically reactive cover coats on the surfaces or by introducing chemically reactive compounds into the base lubricants.
In this manner the seizing of the machine parts could be prevented. But simultaneously the wear by shearing of the salt coats between the metal parts moving against one another has been promoted. The service life of the materials therefore remained relatively short. In a further step solid lubricants have been developed which were introduced between the moving metal parts such as graphite, MoS2, TiO2, Ca3(P04)2, teflon etc., which were introduced in the form of lubricating cover coats, suspensions, pastes or fats. In this way the frictionating parts were better 13~0272 l separated ~rom each other and their loadability was increased.
However, the solid lubricants and base media are separa-ted from each other sooner or later under the influence of centripetal movements of higher circumference speeds and at a higher temperature due to their different specific densities. The longlife lubrication is limited thereby.
In a further step the deposition of suitable metal cations out of chemical complexes dissolved in a lubricant onto the frictionating s~faces in operation has been achieved. There under the pressure and the temperature of the frictionating parts they form eutectica together with the metal border layers, which fill up smoothingly the roughness valleys and flatten in part tribochemically in part microplastically the roughness peaks. The anionic part of the organometallic compounds forms in situ lubricating and adhering reaction layers on the newly rebuilt eutectoid frictional faces.

Besides a starting phase which is too long, a friction coefficient and a wear which are toc high, the control of the reaction proceeding is a problem with these lubri-cating systems. Either material-independent eutectica and reaction layers are achieved which do no more function sufficiently as agents for removing the minute unevennesses due to the preparation of the workpieces in narrow fittings so that at these places overload areas and resulting later metal breaks at the sliding faces occur, or the aggressive component of the organometallic compounds is strengthened and this results in the phase of chemical wear lubrication leading to too high removing rates and to a too short life service.

For example, from DE-PS 941 678 lubricating oils having a content of soluble reaction proaucts of phosphorus pentasulfide and liquid or solid aliphatic hydrocarbons or terpene hydrocarbons are known. From DE-PS 923 984 there V~, I

13~û~72 1 is known d lubricating oil which contains the metal con-taining alkylphenolsulfide esters in combination with zinc sulfonates. From DE-AS 1 444 892 there is known a lubricating oil which contains a salt of an aromatic zinc dithiophosphate and a zinc carboxylic acid salt in the presence of water. While both formerly stated products are lubricating oil detergents the latter product is said to prevent the corrosion of silver bearing surfaces.
Frolll DE-AS 1 296 730 there is known a lubricating oil which contains a substituted succinic acid~optionally together with a salt of- an alkylated or esterified phosphoric acid. This product is an antioxidant functioning as detergent. From DE-AS 1 271 878 there is known a combi-nation of dithiophosphate and dithiophosphinate salts.
From DE-OS 15 94 555 there are known cutting oils which contain free sulfur, a dialkyldithiophosphate and a chlorinated hydrocarbon. In US-PS 3 462 367 lubricating oils containing a zinc or antimony dithiocarbamate are disclosed. From US-PS 2 758 087 lubricating oils are known, containing a sulfur-phosphorus-compound prepared by reacting phosphorus pentasulfide with an olefin at a higher temperature,and zinc phthalate. However, all these known lubricating oil additives do not fulfill the today's requirements, in particular they lead to heavy oxidic deposits in the area of the lubricating place and caUse a wear which is too high.

From US-PS 2 734 865 it is known to use a lubricating oil additive which is formed of a dithiophosphate of the alkaline earth metal salts in combination with a complex reaction product of phosphorus sulfides, tallow oil fatty acid alcohol esters, zinc chloride and barium hydroxide. The friction coefficients and wear values which can be achieved therewith are too high for today's requirements and furthermore the face pressure value is too low. From US-PS

1~02'72 l 2 734 864 lubricating oil additives are known which are formed of a dithiophosphate of the alkaline earth metals in combination with a complex reaction product of phosphorus sulfides, wool fat and alcohol esters. The undefined product contains substantial amounts of barium and zinc.
Such a lubricating oil additive is not usable in practice because of its inbearable odor which also jeopardizes the health of the operators getting in contact with it. From DE-PS 1 954 452 lubricants on mineral oil and synthetic oil-basis are known which contain besides the mineral oil or synthetic oil as additives an ester of an epoxidized fatty acid having 10 to 18 C-atoms and of a monovalent or multivalent alcohol, an alkyl, aralkyl or aryldithiophos-phate of zink, lead, tin, tungsten, molybdenUm, niobium or lanthanum, and optionally a sulfur-phosphorus-compound.
From DE-PS 2 108 780 lubricants on the basis of a mineral oil or synthetic oil and lubricant concentrates, respectively, are known which besides a lead, tungsten, molybdenum and/or vanadium dithiophosphate esterified with alkyl, aryl or aralkyl groups contain in addition at least one zinc dialkyldithiophosphate compound and a sulfur-phosphorus-compound which is free of a metal. Also these latter lubricants which have found a widespread use, do no More fulfill all requirements of modern longlife and highduty lubricants. Their friction coefficient and wear are too high, their storage restistance is insufficient, their longlife use leads to a too high reclamation quote in the lubricant field.

The object of the present invention is to provide a novel lubricant (lubricating agent) cr lubricant concentrate on a mineral oil or synthetic oil basis having improved lubricating properties, in particular improved friction and wear properties and reduces sensibly the need of energy and replacement parts and meets the highest requirements.

~' 1 It has now been ~ound that this object according to the present invention can be surprisingly reached by adding at least one tetravalent to octavalent alcohol containing in its molecule at least one quaternary carbon atom and at least one ester bond and having a density d20 of at least 0,900 and an enthalpy H of at least 350 kcal/kg, at least one asy~etric organometallic compound, at least one phosphorus containing substance and at least one sulfur containing substance to a mineral oil and/or synthetic oil besides the usual additives.

The subject of the present invention is a novel lubricant or lubrical concentrate on mineral oil and/or synthetic oil basis which is characterized in that it contains a) one or more mineral oils and/or synthetic oils as base oil and b) at least one tetravalent to octavalent alcohol having at least one quaternary carbon atom as well as at least one ester bond in its molecule and having a density d20 of at least 0,900 and an enthalpy H of at least 350 kcal/kg, c) at least one asymmetric organometallic compound, d) at least one phosphor containing substance, e) at least one sulfur containing substance and f) further usual additives.

The lubricants and lubricant concentrates of the invention are superior to the known lubricants and lubricant con-centrates in particular in regard to their friction and wear properties and reduce substantially the need of energy and replacement parts. It is assumed that this is due to the fact that by their use in the friction and slide areas metallic glass surfaces consisting of amorphous solidified metal melts are formed which do not exhibit any metal crystal lattice structures. The glass-like sMooth friction and sliding surfaces which are V, 13~û272 1 believed to be formed by using the lubricants or lubricant concentrates of the present invention improve substantially the whole lubricating process since the friction coefficient and the wear, the oxidation and the corrosion are reduced substantially. Also the so-called fitting-rust is prevented by the lubricant and lubricat concentrate of the invention.
In addition, the lubricants and lubricantconcentrates of the invention are non-polluting since they do not contain any lead, no sulfur containing whale sperm oil and almost no phosphorus. This has been shown in fish tests and bacterial cultivation tests which have been carried out with the lubricantSand lubricant concentratesof the inven-tion. Furthermore, it has been shown that they are degra-dable biologically in normal soil within 3 to 4 monthsto an extent of 60 ~.
Thus, they can be considered as extremely non-polluting.
In particular they are 5uited for the use in homokinetic joints for vehicles, i.e. small joints subject to a high number of revolutions and a hig load, and they are more similar to the ideal lubricant "lifetime lubricant" than all other already known lubricants. Additionally, the polyolester compounds having quaternary carbon atoms which are used according to the present invention have a significant thermal stability and enable the utilization of high operating temperatures of up to 300~C. They offer the possibility to use them as lifetime lubrication of high duty engines, turbines, roller bearings, synchronizing joints and other high duty machine elements.

The expression~lubricant or lubricant concentrate on mineral oil and/or synthetic oil basis" used in the present appli-cation is meant to comprise lubricating oils as well aslubricating fats on mineral oil and/or synthetic oil basis.

The expression "quaternary carbon atoms containing compounds"
used here is meant to comprise those compounds wherein the 4 main valences of at leastone carbon atom per molecule are each substituted by 4 carbon atoms. Examples for such compounds are monomeric, dimeric and trimeric penta-~rj erythritol esters, other polyolesters,pentaerythritol ~ I

- 7 ~ 1340 ~72 -1 ethoxyesters as well as telomeric acid pentaerythritol esters and the corresponding ethcxylated esters.

As can be seen from the examples following below the lubricants und lubricant concentratesof the invention have substantially improved properties compared with the known lubricant5and lubricant concentrates.The glass-like smooth friction and sliding faces formed by the lubricant of the invention save driving energy and reduce the friction coefficient pcr se and also by the formation of a very good adhering boundary lubricating film which enables an elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication also with a point-like load.
This results in a lowering of the friction temperature of the lubricant and of the lubricated place, in an extçnsion of the oxidation resistance of both and the metallic friction partnerS are less subjected to specific change-load and temperature stresses.

In summarylthe wear is extremely lowered by these effects and the ser~ice life of the friction partners and of the lubricant is extended sensibly. According to the present invention these improvements are achieved within a very broad viscosity range so that now oils having a low viscosity can also be used in those fields where until now the use of oils having high or intermediate viscosity values have been considered as being indispensable, for example in gears, differential gears, or gears of turbines.
In addition the thermal stability of the lubricant and lubricant concentrate of the invention allows its use in lubricating places subject~ to high operation temperatures, such as in Diesel engines and aircraft turbines.

X'' ~ 13~0~72 l According to a preferred embodiment of the invention the lubricant or lubricant concentrate contains as component (b) a mono-, di- or tripentaerythritol the hydroxyl group(s) of which is (are) esterified or ethoxyesterified by a straight or branched alkyl, aralkyl or aryl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms, especially 8 to 12 carbon atoms.

According to a further preferred embo~iment of the invention it contains as component (b) a mono-, di- or tetraester of pentaerythritol.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention the lubricant or lubricant concentrate of the invention contains 15 additionally a component having at least one free hydroxyl.
group.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention the lubricant or lubricant concentrate contains the component (b) 20 in an amount of from 0,1 to 40 ~ by weight, preferable 0,1 to 20 ~ by weight, in particular 1 to 12 % by weight, especially 2 to 6 % by weight, based on the weight of the mineral oil and/or synthetic oil.
According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention 25 the lubricant or lubricant concentrate of the invention contains as component (b) an estér derivative and/or an ethoxylated ester derivative of mono-, di- or tripenta-erythritol and/or a telomeric acid pentaerythritol ester or an ethoxylated derivative thereof.
30 The lubricant or lubricant concentrate of the invention contains as base oil preferably beet oil, natural oil and/or a synthetic oil having a viscosity in the range of from 1,0 mPa.s at 20~C to 2.106 mPa.s at 20~C, Particularly pre-ferred is the use of a mineral oil having a viscosity of from 1,0 mPa.s at 20~C to 540 mPa.s at 50~C as natural oil and the use of an aromatic or,aliphatic dicarboxylic acid ester, in particular of a poly-d-olefin-dicarboxylic acid , ester, especially -butylester, having a molecular weight in A the range of from 1000 to 3000, preferably the use of 134~272 phthalic acid diisodecylester, trimethyladipic acid didecylester and sebacic acid dioctylester, a polyisobutylene having a molecular weight of from 1000 to 100 000 and a viscosity of from 200 to 43 000 mPa.s at 100~C, of a polymethacryla~ having a viscosity of 1000 mPa.s at 100~C, of a water insoluble polyglycol having a viscosity of from 5 to 60 mPa.s at 100~C, of an isoparaffin oil and/or alkylbenzene having an inflammation point of more than 50~C anda viscosity in the range of from 1,0 mPa.s at 20~C
to 2 000 000 mPa.s at 20~C and of a telomeric acid ester, preferable a neopentylglycol and/or trimethylolpropane ester of the telomeric acid.

As further additive the lubricant or lubricant concentrate of the invention preferably contains a sulfur containing 1~ substance, in particular a thiazole, at least one metal-dialkyldithiocarbamate and/or a metaldialkyldithiophosphate and/or a phosphorus containing substance, in particular an organophosphite, preferably a dialkylarylphosphite, especially didecylphenylphosphite or didodecylphenyl-phosphite and/or a metaldialkyldithiophosphate.

The sulfur containing substance preferably is contained in thelubricant or lubricant concentrate of the invention in an amount of from 0,5 to 10 % by weight, expecially 1 to 3 % by weight, while it contains the p~osphorus c~ntaining substance preferably in an amount of 0,1 to 10 % by weight, in particular in an amount of 0,1 to 5 % by weight, especially 0,5 to 2 % by weight.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention the lubricant or lubricant concentrate can contain usual antioxidants, metaldeactivators, detergents, dispersants, antifoam agents and/or viscosity index improving agents.

The additives of the invention can be added as single compounds or in the form of a composition asaconcentrate to ~ 13~272 1 having 6 to 12 car-bon atoms or a phenyl group substituted in o- or p-position by a lower alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

Preferred examples of the organophosphorus cGmpounds having the above formula are monodecyl-diphenylphosphite, dide-cylphenylphosphite, triphenylphosphite, dioctyl-phenyl-phosphite, dihexyl-phenyl-phosphite, diisodecyl-phenyl-phosphite, diisooctyl-phenyl-phosphite, didecyl-o-methyl-phenylphosphite and didecyl-p-methylphenylphosphite.

The metaldialkyldithiocarbamates which can be used according to the invention as sulfur containing substanoe are compounds of the formula / S-Me S=C
~a.lkyl ~ alkyl wherein Me is a metal selected from the group copper (Cu), silver (Ag), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), titanium (Ti), boron (B), zirconium (Zr), tin (Sn), lead (Pb), vanadium (V), .
tantalum (Ta), antimony (Sb), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), and nickel (Ni), preferably boron (B), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co) or molybdenum (Mo).

The metaldialkyldithiophosphates which can be used according to the invention as sulfur containing substance as well as phosphorus containing substance are compounds of the formula / S-~ie S=P ~0-alkyl ~ o-a l};yl '~ X' 11- 13~0272 1 wherein Me is a metal selected ~rom the group copper (Cu), silver (Ag), zinc tZn), cadmium (Cd), titanium (Ti), boron (B), zirconium (Zr), tin (Sn), lead (Pb), vanadium (V), tantalum (Ta), antimony (Sb), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), and nickel (Ni), preferably zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W) and manganese (Mn).

The alkyl groups of the above-mentioned metaldialkyldithiocarb-amates and metaldialkyldithiophosphates each preferably ~
contain 4 to 8 carbon atoms, so that the named metal salts are still soluble in the commercially available base oils.
Examples of the particularly advantageous alkyl groups are the n-, i- and tert-butyl group, the n- and i-amyl groups, the n- and i-hexyl group, the n- and i-heptyl group and the 2-ethylhexyl group. Especially preferred are the i-butyl group, the n- and i-amyl group and the 2-ethylhexyl group.
Examples for metal dialkyl-dithiocarbamates which can advantageously be used according to the invention are the following: copper-dialkyldithiocarbamate and copper_bis-dialkyldithiocarbamate, silver_dialkyldithio-carbamate, zinc- and cadmium-bis-dialkyldithiocarbamates, boron-trisdialkyldithiocarbamates~titanium-, zirconium-, tin- and lead-tetrakisdialkyldithiocarbamates, aswell as tin- and lead-bis-dialkyldithiocarbamates1 antimony-, vanadiu~-, tantalum-tris-dialkyldithiocarbamates, -tetrakis-, and -pentakisdialkyldithio-carbamates,as well as the dialkyldithiocarbamates in which these metals are present in mixed degrees of oxidation; chromium-bis-, chromium~tris-, chromium-tetrakis-, and chromium-hexakisdialkyl-thiocarbamates, ~olybdenum-, and tungsten-tetrakis-,-hexakis-, and -oxybis- and -oxytetrakisdialkyldithiocarbamates~ manganese-bis-, -tris-, -tetrakis- and -hexakisdialkyldithicarbamates; and cobalt-and nickel-bis- and -trisdialkyldithiocarbamates.

Among these compounds boron-trisdialkyldithiocarbamates~ nickel-trisdialkyldithiocarbamates, molybdenum- tetrakis- and molybdenum-oxytetrakisdialkyldithiocarbamates~ manganese-, vanadium-, and X \ tungsten-tetrakisdialkyldithiocarbamates are particularly pre-ferred.

1 3 ~ 2 1 Metal di~lkyldithiophosphates which can advantageously be used according to the invention are dialkyldithiophosphates of the same metals in the same degrees of oxidation as listed above for t~e metal dialkyldithiocarbamates.

Particularly advantageous are zinc-bisdialkyldithiophosphates, nickel-bis- and -trisdialkyldithiophosphates,titanium- and vanadium-tetrakisdialkyldithiophosphates, ~olybdenu~- and tungsten-tetrakisdialkyldithiophosphates and nolybdenum- and tungsten-oxy-tetrakisdialkyldithiophosphates.Particularly preferred representatives of the metal dialkyldi-thiocarbamates used according to the invention are:
boron-trisdiisobutyldithiocarbamate, boron-trisdi-2-ethylhexyl-dithiocarbamate, nickel-trisdiisobutyldithiocarbamate, nickel-trisdiamyldithiocarbamate, nickel-trisdi-2-ethylhexyldithio-carbamate, molybdenum-tetrakisdi-2-ethylhexyldithiocarbamate, molybdenum-oxy~etrakisdi-2-ethylhexyldithiocarbamate~ manganese-, vanadium- and tungsten-tetrakis-2-ethylhexyldithiocarbamate, as well as cobalt-bis-diisobutyldithiocarbamate.

Particularly preferred representatives of the metal dialkyldi-thiophosphatesused according to the invention are zinc_bis-di-2-ethylhexyldithiophosphate, nickel-bis- and -trisdi-2-ethyl-hexyldithiophosphate, manganese-, titanium- and vanadium-~etra-kisdi-2-ethylhexyldithiophosphate~ as well as molybdenum-and tungsten-tetrakis- and ~olybdenum-and tungsten-oxytetrakisdi-2-ethylhexyldithiophosphate.

The invention will be explained in more detail using the following examples, however it is not restricted thereto.

In the following examples commercially available lubricating oils and lubricating fats, respectively, were used having the following composition and they were compared in regard to their lubricating properties which on the one hand contained the lubricant concentrate of the invention and on tne other hand without containing it.
' X~ ' 13~27~

l The results obtained in each example are depicted graphi-cally in the diagrams.

For the carrying-out of the tests a circular plate of refined steel with a diameter of 23 mm and a thickness of 10 mm was used, onto the surface of which a drop of each lubricant ~r lubricant concentrate to be tested was applied. Onto the area where the drop of the lubricant or lubricant concentrate was located a ball made of the same refined steel with a diameter of 10 mm was applied, which on account of its load exerted a pressure onto the surface of the metal plate. The metal ball was moved to and fro on the surface of the metal plate with a frequency of 50 Hz over an amplitude of 1 mm for 60 tG 180 minutes under pressure, whereby during the test the load within the ranqe was varied from 50 to 300 N and the temperature was varied from 50 to 150~C (SRV (swing-friction-wear) apparatus which is sold world-wide by the firm Optimol Gmb~.

The wear-profile produced on account of the friction between the loaded ball and the surface of the metal plate within the testing period diagonal to the oscillation direction of the ball was recorded by means of a suitable recording apparatus, whereby the below given diagrams were obtained, in which on the ordinate, the height of wear is plotted as difference between the highest and lowest point of the surface profile of the metal plate, against the scanning span of the surface of the metal plate on the abscissa.

In the below diagrams a depth of profile on the ordinate of 1 cm corresponds to a real depth of profile on the surface of the metal plate of 1 ~m, whereas in the diagram B' of example 2 the scanner was so damped that a depth of profile of 1 cm on the diagram corresponds to a real depth of profile on the surface of the plate of 2,5 ~m.

The diagrams were recorded under identical conditions (load of the ball 50 to 300 N, friction frequency 50 Hz, - ~! temperature 50 to 150~C, friction amplitude 1 mm, testing X I time 1 ~o 3 hours).

. .

- 14 - 13~0~72 The friction coefficients indicated below the diagrams (Rkmax=
maximum friction coefficient; Rkd = average friction coeffi-cient over 98 % of the friction coefficient curve) were also determined by using the above described SRV apparatus. In all tests where not stated otherwise as lubricant concentrate of the invention a product having the following composition was used:

50 % C10-C18-pentaerythritolester having a quaternarycarbonatom 20 ~ copolymer of ~-olefin esters 9,5 % trimethyladipic acid didecylester 2,5 % dialkylarylphosphite 9 % metaldialkyldithiophosphate/metaldialkyldithiocarbamate 7 ~ thiazole derivative 2 % sterically hindered phenol as oxidation inhibitor Example 1 A high viscous lubricating oil having a viscosity of 2200 mPa.s at 50~C and having the following composition was prepared and tested:
trimethyladipic acid didecylester 34 ~
polyisobutylene (43000 mPa.s/100~C)32 ~O
lubricant-entraining substance 6 %
lubricant concentrate of the invention 28 In the comparative product the lubricant ccncentrate of the invention was omitted.

Both products were tested for 1 h at a temperature of 150~C
and a load of 200 N under identical conditions. The obtained results are graphically depicted in the following diagrams A
(according to the invention) and A' (according to the state of art).
~"' .

- 15 - 1~10272 . . .

l Dicarc~ A Di~gram ~' R~max = 0,112 RKmax = 0,14 d = 0,047 ~ d = 0,088 The addition of the lubricant concentrate of the invention led to a depth of profile of 0,80 ~m (average of two deter-minations). Without the addition of the lubricant concentrate of the invention a depth of profile of 1,68~ average of two determinations) was obtained.

Example 2 An intermediate viscous lubricating oil having a viscosity of 190 to 200 mPa.s at 50~C and having the following composition was l~repared and tested:
polymeric ~-olefin esters 12 ~-0 25 trinlet!1yladipic acid didecylester 36 ~~
olyisobutylene (43000 mPa.s/100~C) 18 %
lubricant-entraining substance 6 ~-0 lubricant concentrate of the invention28 ~-0 In the comparative product the lubricant concentrate of the invention was omitted.

Both products were tested for 1 h at a temperature of 150~C
and a load of 200 N under identical conditions. The obtain~d results are graphically depicted in the following diagrams B
(according to the in~ention) and B' (according to the state of art).
X( 134~272 Diaaram B Diaaram B' . ' . .= ~
~ . . ; .

.;
max = 0,133 ~ maY. = 0 128 R~d = 0,050 ~ d = 0,098 The addition of the lubricant concentrate of the invention led to a depth of profile of o,875 ~m (average of two deter-minations). Without the addition of the lubricant concentrate of the invention a depth of profile of13,98~m(average of two determinations~ was obtained.

Example 3 An intermediate viscous lubricating oil having a viscosity of 120 to 150 mPa.s at 50~C and having the following composition was prepared and tested:

high viscous ~-olefin ester copolymer 4 %
intermediate viscous ~-olefin ester polymer 12 %
30 trimethyladipic acid didecylester 34 %
polyisobutylene (200 mPa.s/100~C) 12 %
'ubricant-entraining substance 6 %
lubricant concentrate of the invention 32 %

' ~7'' ~ ~ ,.

, - 17 - 13 ~7~

l In the co~ arative product the lubricant ccncentrate of the invention was omitted.

Both products were tested for 1 h at a temperature of 1~0~C
and a load of 200 N under identical conditions. The obtained results are graphically depicted in the following diagrams C
(according to the invention) and C' (according to the state of art).
D~gr~. C' - Dia~ra~ C ~ t R~max = O,112 ~a = 0,0.7 ~ maY. = 0,148 RKd = 0,135 l'he addition of the lubricant concentrate of the invention led to a ~epth of profile of 1,12~m (average of two deter-minations~. Without the addition of the lubricant concentrate of the invent~on a depth of profile of 3,48 ~ average of two determinations) was obtained.

Example 4 A high viscous adhering and high temperature lubricating oil having a viscosity of 15 000 mPa.s at 50~C and having the following composition was prepared and tested:

trimethyladipic acid didecylester 29 %
polyisobutylene t43000 mPa.s/100~C) 52 ~O
lubricant concentrate of the invention 19 X
...... ~, .
.. . . . ...... .

- - 18 - 13~2 t2 1 ~n the co~ arative product the lubricant concentrate of the invention was omitted.

Both products were tested for 1 h at a temperature of 150~C
and a load of 200 N under identical conditions. The obtained results are graphically depicted in the following diagrams D
(according to the invention) and D' (according to the state of art).

Diagram D Diagram D' ., ~ , _ ., ~Kmax = 0,123 RKma~ = 0,121 RKd = 0,052 ~ d = 0,084 The addition of the lubricant concentrate of the invention led to a depth of profile of 0,80 ~m (average of three deter-minations). Without the addition of the lubricant concentrateof the invention a depth of profile of 1,57~m(average of two determinations) was obtained.

Example 5 A high duty gear oil SAE 85/90 was tested with and without the additive of the invention consisting of 10 % by weight of monopentaerythritol tetraester.

Both products were tested for 1 h at a temperature of 90~C
and a load of 200 N under identical conditions. The obtained results are graphically depicted in the following diagrams (according to the invention) and E' (according to the state of art).

13~0272 Diagram F. Diaaram E' ~ . .

.. . .. . . . , .. . . .

R~max = 0,113 ~ max = 0,112 ~ d = 0,076 RKd = 0,085 The addition of the additive of the invention led to a depth of profile of 0,85 ~m (average of two deter-minations). Without the addition of the additive of the invention a depth of profile of 1,02~m(average of two determinations) was obtained.

Example 6 A lubricating fat for multi-purpose lubrication for high duty gears and synchronizing joints having the following composition was prepared and tested:

mineral oil 70 %
consistency improving agent on lithium-stearate basis 9 %
lubricant concentrate of the invention 21 %

In the comparative product the lubricant concentrate of the invention was replaced by 3 ~ by weight of a molybdenum disulfide/graphite mixture.

Both products were tested for 3 h at a temperature of 50~C
and a load of 300 N under identical conditions. The obtained X'"' - 20 - 13~272 l results al-e graphically depicted in the following diagrams F
(according to the invention) and F' (according to the state of art).
Diagram F Diaaram F' .

RKmax = 0,176 R~max = 0,177 RKd = 0,095 RKd = 0,150 The addition of the lubricant concentrate of the invention led to a depth of profile of 0,95 ~m (average of three deter-minations), while the addition of the comparative additive mixture led a depth of profile of 1,63~average of three determinations) While the invention was explained above in more detail referring to preferred speci~ic emobdiments, it is however obvious that it is not restricted thereto, kut that it can be altered and modified in many respects in a manner obvious to the expert, withcu~ going beyond the scope of the present invention.

X~ ~ .,

Claims

1. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate on mineral oil and/or synthetic oil basis characterized in that it contains (a) one or more base oils selected from the group of mineral oils and synthetic oils and (b) 0,1 to 40% by weight of at least one tetravalent to octavalent alcohol having at least one quaternary carbon atom as well as at least one ester bond in its molecule and having a density d20 of at least 0,900 and an enthalpy H of at least 350 kcal/kg, (c) 0,1 to 10% by weight of at least one asymmetric organometallic compound, (d) 0,1 to 5% by weight of at least one phosphor containing substance, and (e) 0,5 to 10% by weight of at least one sulfur containing substance.

2. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains as component (b) mono-, dip or tripentaerythritol the alcoholic hydroxyl group(s) of which is (are) esterified or ethoxyesterified by a straight or branched alkyl, aralkyl or aryl group having 6 to 18, preferably 6 to 12, especially 8 to 12 carbon atoms.

3. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains as component (b) a mono-, di-, tri- or tetraester of pentaerythritol.

4. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 2, characterized in that it contains as component (b) a mono-, di-, tri- or tetraester of pentaerythritol.

5. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it contains in addition a component having at least one free hydroxyl group.

6. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it contains the component (b) in an amount of from 0,1 to 20% by weight, in particular 1 to 12% by weight, especially 2 to 6% by weight, based on the weight of the base oil.

7. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 5, characterized in that it contains the component (b) in an amount of from 0,1 to 20% by weight, in particular 1 to 12% by weight, especially 2 to 6% by weight, based on the weight of the base oil.

8. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or 7, characterized in that it contains as component (c) one or more compounds selected from the group metaldialkyldithiocarbamate and metaldialkyldithiophosphate.

9. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 5, characterized in that it contains as component (c) one or more compounds selected from the group metaldialkyldithiocarbamate and metaldialkyldithiophosphate.

10. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 6, characterized in that it contains as component (c) one or more compounds selected from the group metaldialkyldithiocarbamate and metaldialkyldithiophosphate.

11. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 8, characterized in that it contains as component (c) wherein the metal of the metaldialkyldithiocarbamate is selected from the group consisting of boron, nickel, cobalt and molybdenum and the metal of the metaldialkyldithiophosphate is selected from the group consisting of zinc, nickel, molybdenum, tungsten, titanium, vanadium and manganese having 4 to 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl group.

12. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that it contains as component (c) wherein the metal of the metaldialkyldithiocarbamate is selected from the group consisting of boron, nickel, cobalt and molybdenum and the metal of the metaldialkyldithiophosphate is selected from the group consisting of zinc, nickel, molybdenum, tungsten, titanium, vanadium and manganese having 4 to 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl group.

13. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 11, characterized in that it contains as metaldialkyldithiocarbamate at least one of borontrisdiisobutyl-dithiocarbamate or borontrisdi-2-ethylhexyldithio-carbamate in combination with at least one of nickeltrisdiisobutyl-dithiocarbamate, nickeltrisdiamyldithiocarbamate or nickeltrisdi-2-ethylhexyldithio-carbamate and as metaldialkyldithiophosphate at least one of zincbisdi-2-ethylhexyldithiophosphate, nickeltrisdi-2-ethylhexyldithiophosphate, titaniumtetrakisdi-2-ethylhexyldithiophosphate, vanadiumtetrakisdi-2-ethylhexyldithiophosphate, molybdenum-tetrakis- or molybdenumoxytetrakisdi-2-ethylhexyldithio-phosphate, tungstentetrakis- or tungstenoxytetrakisdi-2-ethylhexyldithiophosphate.

14. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 12, characterized in that it contains as metaldialkyldithiocarbamate at least one of borontrisdiisobutyl-dithiocarbamate or borontrisdi-2-ethylhexyldithio-carbamate in combination with at least one of nickeltrisdiisobutyl-dithiocarbamate, nickeltrisdiamyldithiocarbamate or nickeltrisdi-2-ethylhexyldithio-carbamate and as metaldialkyldithiophosphate at least one of zincbisdi-2-ethylhexyldithiophosphate, nickeltrisdi-2-ethylhexyldithiophosphate, titaniumtetrakisdi-2-ethylhexyldithiophosphate, vanadiumtetrakisdi-2-ethylhexyldithiophosphate, molybdenum-tetrakis- or molybdenumoxytetrakisdi-2-ethylhexyldithio-phosphate, tungstentetrakis- or tungstenoxytetrakisdi-2-ethylhexyldithiophosphate.

15. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to any one of claims 1 to 4, 7, 9 to 11, 13 or 14, characterized in that it contains the component (c) in an amount of from 0,1 to 5% by weight, especially 0,1 to 3% by weight.

16. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 5, characterized in that it contains the component (c) in an amount of from 0,1 to 5% by weight, especially 0,1 to 3% by weight.

17. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 6, characterized in that it contains the component ~c) in an amount of from 0,1 to 5% by weight, especially 0,1 to 3% by weight.

18. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 8, characterized in that it contains the component (c) in an amount of from 0,1 to 5% by weight, especially 0,1 to 3% by weight.

19. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 12, characterized in that it contains the component (c) in an amount of from 0,1 to 5% by weight, especially 0,1 to 3% by weight.

20. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to any one of claims 1 to 4, 7, 9 to 11, 13, 14 or 16 to 19, characterized in that it contains as component (d) an organophosphorus compound, preferably a dialkylarylphosphite, a monoalkyldiarylphosphite, a triaryl- or trialkylphosphite wherein the alkyl group is straight, branched or cyclic and preferably contains 8 to 12 carbon atoms, and the aryl group preferably is a phenyl group substituted in o- or p-position by an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, especially didecylphenylphosphite or didodecylphenylphosphite.

21. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 5, characterized in that it contains as component (d) an organophosphorus compound, preferably a dialkylarylphosphite, a monoalkyldiarylphosphite, a triaryl- or trialkylphosphite wherein the alkyl group is straight, branched or cyclic and preferably contains 8 to 12 carbon atoms, and the aryl group preferably is a phenyl group substituted in o- or p-position by an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, especially didecylphenylphosphite or didodecylphenylphosphite.

22. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 6, characterized in that it contains as component (d) an organophosphorus compound, preferably a dialkylarylphosphite, a monoalkyldiarylphosphite, a triaryl- or trialkylphosphite wherein the alkyl group is straight, branched or cyclic and preferably contains 8 to 12 carbon atoms, and the aryl group preferably is a phenyl group substituted in o- or p-position by an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, especially didecylphenylphosphite or didodecylphenylphosphite.

23. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 8, characterized in that it contains as component (d) an organophosphorus compound, preferably a dialkylarylphosphite, a monoalkyldiarylphosphite, a triaryl- or trialkylphosphite wherein the alkyl group is straight, branched or cyclic and preferably contains 8 to 12 carbon atoms, and the aryl group preferably is a phenyl group substituted in o- or p-position by an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, especially didecylphenylphosphite or didodecylphenylphosphite.

24. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 12, characterized in that it contains as component (d) an organophosphorus compound, preferably a dialkylarylphosphite, a monoalkyldiarylphosphite, a triaryl- or trialkylphosphite wherein the alkyl group is straight, branched or cyclic and preferably contains 8 to 12 carbon atoms, and the aryl group preferably is a phenyl group substituted in o- or p-position by an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, especially didecylphenylphosphite or didodecylphenylphosphite.

25. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 15, characterized in that it contains as component (d) an organophosphorus compound, preferably a dialkylarylphosphite, a monoalkyldiarylphosphite, a triaryl- or trialkylphosphite wherein the alkyl group is straight, branched or cyclic and preferably contains 8 to 12 carbon atoms, and the aryl group preferably is a phenyl group substituted in o- or p-position by an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, especially didecylphenylphosphite or didodecylphenylphosphite.

26. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to any one of claims 1 to 4, 7, 9 to 11, 13, 14, 16 to 19 or 21 to 25, characterized in that it contains the component (d) in an amount of from 0,5 to 2% by weight.

27. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 5, characterized in that it contains the component (d) in an amount of from 0,5 to 2% by weight.

28. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 6, characterized in that it contains the component (d) in an amount of from 0,5 to 2% by weight.

29. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 8, characterized in that it contains the component (d) in an amount of from 0,5 to 2% by weight.

30. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 12, characterized in that it contains the component (d) in an amount of from 0,5 to 2% by weight.

31. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 15, characterized in that it contains the component (d) in an amount of from 0,5 to 2% by weight.

32. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 20, characterized in that it contains the component (d) in an amount of from 0,5 to 2% by weight.

33. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to any one of claims 1 to 4, 7, 9 to 11, 13, 14, 16 to 19, 21 to 25 or 27 to 32, characterized in that it contains as compound (e) a thiazole.

34. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 5, characterized in that it contains as compound (e) a thiazole.

35. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 6, characterized in that it contains as compound (e) a thiazole.

36. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 8, characterized in that it contains as compound (e) a thiazole.

37. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 12, characterized in that it contains as compound (e) a thiazole.

38. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 15, characterized in that it contains as compound (e) a thiazole.

39. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 20, characterized in that it contains as compound (e) a thiazole.

40. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 26, characterized in that it contains as compound (e) a thiazole.

41. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to any one of claims 1 to 4, 7, 9 to 11, 13, 14, 16 to 19, 21 to 25, 27 to 32 or 34 to 40, characterized in that it contains the component (e) in an amount of from 0,1 to 3%
by weight.

42. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 5, characterized in that it contains the component (e) in an amount of from 0,1 to 3% by weight.

43. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 6, characterized in that it contains the component (e) in an amount of from 0,1 to 3% by weight.

44. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 8, characterized in that it contains the component (e) in an amount of from 0,1 to 3% by weight.

45. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 12, characterized in that it contains the component (e) in an amount of from 0,1 to 3% by weight.

46. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 15, characterized in that it contains the component (e) in an amount of from 0,1 to 3% by weight.

47. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 20, characterized in that it contains the component (e) in an amount of from 0,1 to 3% by weight.

48. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 26, characterized in that it contains the component (e) in an amount of from 0,1 to 3% by weight.

49. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 33, characterized in that it contains the component (e) in an amount of from 0,1 to 3% by weight.

50. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to any one of claims 1 to 4, 7, 9 to 11, 13, 14, 16 to 19, 21 to 25, 27 to 32, 34 to 40 or 42 to 49, characterized in that it contains as component (a) a beet oil, a natural oil and/or a synthetic oil having a viscosity in the range of from 1,0 mPa.s at 20°C to 2.10 6 mPa.s at 20°.

51. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 5, characterized in that it contains as component (a) at least one base oil selected from a beet oil, a natural oil and a synthetic oil having a viscosity in the range of from 1, 0 mPa.s at 20°C to 2.10 6 mPa.s at 20°.

52. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 6, characterized in that it contains as component (a) at least one base oil selected from a beet oil, a natural oil and a synthetic oil having a viscosity in the range of from 1,0 mPa.s at 20°C to 2.10 6 mPa.s at 20°.

53. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 8, characterized in that it contains as component (a) at least one base oil selected from a beet oil, a natural oil and a synthetic oil having a viscosity in the range of from 1,0 mPa.s at 20°C to 2.10 6 mPa.s at 20°.

54. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 12, characterized in that it contains as component (a) at least one base oil selected from a beet oil, a natural oil and a synthetic oil having a viscosity in the range of from 1,0 mPa.s at 20°C to 2.10 6 mPa.s at 20°.

55. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 15, characterized in that it contains as component (a) at least one base oil selected from a beet oil, a natural oil and a synthetic oil having a viscosity in the range of from 1,0 mPa.s at 20°C to 2.10 6 mPa.s at 20°.

56. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 20, characterized in that it contains as component (a) at least one base oil selected from a beet oil, a natural oil and a synthetic oil having a viscosity in the range of from 1,0 mPa.s at 20°C to 2.10 6 mPa.s at 20°.

57. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 26, characterized in that it contains as component (a) at least one base oil selected from a beet oil, a natural oil and a synthetic oil having a viscosity in the range of from 1,0 mPa.s at 20°C to 2.10 6 mPa.s at 20°.

58. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 41, characterized in that it contains as component (a) at least one base oil selected from a beet oil, a natural oil and a synthetic oil having a viscosity in the range of from 1,0 mPa.s at 20°C to 2.10 6 mPa.s at 20°.

59. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 38, characterized in that it contains as component (a) at least one base oil selected from a beet oil, a natural oil and a synthetic oil having a viscosity in the range of from 1,0 mPa.s at 20°C to 2.10 6 mPa.s at 20°.

60. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 50, characterized in that it contains as the base oil at least one oil selected from a mineral oil having a viscosity of from 1,0 mPa.s at 20°C to 540 mPa.s at 50°C;
an aromatic or aliphatic dicarboxylic acid ester, in particular a poly-.alpha.-olefin-dicarboxylic acid ester, especially -butylester, having a molecular weight in the range of from 1000 to 3000, preferably phthalic acid diisodecylester, trimethyladipic acid didecylester and sebacic acid diotyl-ester; a polyisobutylene having a molecular weight of from 1000 to 100 000 and a viscosity of from 200 to 43 000 mPa.s at 100°C; a polymethacrylate having a viscosity of 1000 mPa.s at 100°C; a water insoluble polyglycol having a viscosity of from 5 to 60 mPa.s at 100°C; an isoparaffine oil; an alkyl benzene having a inflammation point of higher than 50°C and a viscosity in the range of from 1,0 mPa.s at 20°C to 2 000 000 mPa.s at 20°C; and a telomeric acid ester, preferably a neopentylglycolester or trimethylolpropaneester of the telomeric acid.

61. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to any one of claims 51 to 59, characterized in that it contains as the base oil at least one oil selected from a mineral oil having a viscosity of from 1,0 mPa.s at 20°C to 540 mPa.s at 50°C; an aromatic or aliphatic dicarboxylic acid ester, in particular a poly-.alpha.-olefin-dicarboxylic acid ester, especially -butylester, having a molecular weight in the range of from 1000 to 3000, preferably phthalic acid diisodecylester, trimethyladipic acid didecylester and sebacic acid diotyl-ester; a polyisobutylene having a molecular weight of from 1000 to 100 000 and a viscosity of from 200 to 43 000 mPa.s at 100°C; a polymethacrylate having a viscosity of 1000 mPa.s at 100°C; a water insoluble polyglycol having a viscosity of from 5 to 60 mPa.s at 100°C; an isoparaffine oil; an alkyl benzene having a inflammation point of higher than 50°C and a viscosity in the range of from 1,0 mPa.s at 20°C to 2 000 000 mPa.s at 20°C; and a telomeric acid ester, preferably a neopentylglycolester or trimethylolpropaneester of the telomeric acid.

62. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to any one of claims 1 to 4, 7, 9 to 11, 13, 14, 16 to 19, 21 to 25, 27 to 32, 34 to 40, 42 to 49, or 51 to 60, characterized in that it further contains component (f) one or more other additives selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, metaldeactivators, detergents, dispersants, antifoam agents and viscosity index improving agents.

63. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 5, characterized in that it further contains component (f) one or more other additives selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, metaldeactivators, detergents, dispersants, antifoam agents and viscosity index improving agents.

64. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 6, characterized in that it further contains component (f) one or more other additives selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, metaldeactivators, detergents, dispersants, antifoam agents and viscosity index improving agents.

65. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 8, characterized in that it further contains component (f) one or more other additives selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, metaldeactivators, detergents, dispersants, antifoam agents and viscosity index improving agents.

66. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 12, characterized in that it further contains component (f) one or more other additives selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, metaldeactivators, detergents, dispersants, antifoam agents and viscosity index improving agents.

67. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 15, characterized in that it further contains component (f) one or more other additives selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, metaldeactivators, detergents, dispersants, antifoam agents and viscosity index improving agents.

68. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 20, characterized in that it further contains component (f) one or more other additives selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, metaldeactivators, detergents, dispersants, antifoam agents and viscosity index improving agents.

69. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 26, characterized in that it further contains component (f) one or more other additives selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, metaldeactivators, detergents, dispersants, antifoam agents and viscosity index improving agents.

70. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 33, characterized in that it further contains component (f) one or more other additives selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, metaldeactivators, detergents, dispersants, antifoam agents and viscosity index improving agents.

71. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 41, characterized in that it further contains component (f) one or more other additives selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, metaldeactivators, detergents, dispersants, antifoam agents and viscosity index improving agents.

72. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 50, characterized in that it further contains component (f) one or more other additives selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, metaldeactivators, detergents, dispersants, antifoam agents and viscosity index improving agents.

73. Lubricant or lubricant concentrate according to claim 61, characterized in that it further contains component (f) one or more other additives selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, metaldeactivators, detergents, dispersants, antifoam agents and viscosity index improving agents.