CA1328986C - Method for the production of a hardened guide shaft for a linear guide - Google Patents
Method for the production of a hardened guide shaft for a linear guideInfo
- Publication number
- CA1328986C CA1328986C CA000600874A CA600874A CA1328986C CA 1328986 C CA1328986 C CA 1328986C CA 000600874 A CA000600874 A CA 000600874A CA 600874 A CA600874 A CA 600874A CA 1328986 C CA1328986 C CA 1328986C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- guide shaft
- guide
- hardened
- shaft
- linear
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C29/00—Bearings for parts moving only linearly
- F16C29/005—Guide rails or tracks for a linear bearing, i.e. adapted for movement of a carriage or bearing body there along
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
- F16C33/64—Special methods of manufacture
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Bearings For Parts Moving Linearly (AREA)
Abstract
A b s t r a c t Method for the Production of a Hardened Guide Shaft for a Linear Guide In a method for the production of a hardened guide shaft for a linear guide, in particular for a linear guide with a guide carriage provided with spherical bushes, a tooth-ing (5) is made in the guide shaft (1) over a partial cir-cumferential area, after which the guide shaft with the teeth is hardened.
Description
~ethod for the Production of a Hardened Guide Sha~t _ .. ....
for a Linear Guide The invention relates to a method for the production of a hardened guide shaft for a linear guide, in par-ticular for a linear guide with a guide carriage pro-vided with spherical bushes, and a guide shaft manu-factured according to this.
Linear guides are used for the performance of linear movements in a multiplicity of fields, as, for example in mechanical engineering, in handling systems, in the construction of jigs and fixtures and in precision engineering. Linear guides can, for examole, be used as modules for grabs, robots, sliding tables, supports, measuring instruments, etc. The heart of the linear guide is one or two guide shafts on which is arranged a guide carriage which is slidable along the shaft or shafts.
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` ` - 2 - 1328986 In reversal, however, the guide carriage can also re-main stationary and the shaft or the two shafts are shifted. For low-friction displacement and a high load-carrying capacity so-called spherical bushes or linear ball bearings with several ball revolutions (races) are generally arranged in the guide carriage.
The relative movement between the guide shaft and the guide carriage arranged thereon can be accomplished in different ways. Known for this are ball roll spindles, with a spindle running parallel to the guide shaft and a spindle nut being arranged in the guide carriage. If the spindle is driven, the guide carriage moves accord-ingly.
A disadvantage with this, however, is that besides an additionally necessary constructional area for the spindle, this cannot be mounted with a support, so that its overall length is limited.
Well known are also drive systems with toothed belts or the like, however, this likewise means an increased ex-penditure on additional components and on constructional space. Furthermore, in this case in part the guide shaft cannot be supported, which thus likewise has a disadvan-tageous effect on the overall length.
What is likewise already well known is to arrange a toothed rod (rack) parallel to the guide shaft, which works to-gether with a counter-element, in general a pinion, for shifting the guide carriage. For this, however, addition-al components and a higher expenditure are also necessary.
Furthermore, such a linear guide is likewise subject to limitations in respect of its applicability.
. :
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~ . , - : , .
.. .
~3 The task of the present invention is therefore to ~ create a linear guide or a guide shaft for a linear `~ guide which can be used very universally and by means r which a linear guide with a short overall length and a high load-carrying capacity can be obtained.
;~
According to the invention, this problem is solved in that a toothing is introduced into a shaft over a ~ partial circumferential area, after which the shaft ¦ with the teeth is heat-treated (hardened) and sub-i~, sequently - as is actuallv well known - trued and ground.
s According to the invention a necessary part 'or the ;~ shifting between a guide shaft and a guide carriage is now integrated into the guide shaft itself, namely a toothing. In this way it is solely necessary to arrange the counter-element, which will in general be a pinion, in the guide carriage. Further components -besides the usual drive equipment, such as, for example, a drive motor - are no longer necessary. The guide ~ shaft thus assumes a dual function, through which `;~ additional components can be omitted and at the same i time thus a size reduction is also achieved. The tooth system may be either straight or helical toothing.
,. . .
A very significant further advantage of the invention consists in that in this way the drive base or guide shaft can at the same time also be mounted and fastened with support, e.g. bolted. In this way a geometrically defined and vibration-free guideway is created, which can withstand very high loads. Furthermore, any desired number of guide shafts can be arranged one after the other, the only thing having to be ensured being a trouble-free transition of the toothed section.
:~ _ . . . _ .,,: - . .
,7,.~, ' ~'i' In this way linear guides of any desired length can virtually be arranged in a row. In an embodiment of a linear guide with only one guide shaft, in this case too a lock against rotation, such as, for exam~le, by means of grooves, bars or flattening of the guide shaft, can be obtained in a sim~le and well-known way.
A sufficient hardness of the shaft, which is necessary in particular for guide carriages with spherical bushes, can be achieved in several ways.
It is of advantage if the shaft is hardened inductively with a circular inductor, with the magnetic flux being controlled in such a wav that the magnetic flux is lower in the area of the toothing than in the remaining area.
Until now it has been considered impossible to provide a guide shaft which because of the occurring loads has to be surface-hardened, in an economical way with a tooth system.
A subsequent grinding-in of a tooth system into the hardened guide shaft would have been an unjustifiably high expenditure. Furthermore, with increasing tooth size the unhardened portion in the central and lower area of the teeth in the tooth roll-off region would increase, since the hardened surface layer would be partly penetrated during grinding-in. An introduction of the-toothing before a hardening operation has also been regarded as infeasible. With inductive hardening using a circular inductor, which should also aim at a sufficient hardening of the non-toothed part of the shaft, distinct overheating in the tooth area was to be expected, which would have led to the breaking-out of teeth during a subsequent quenching.
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.; , . .
' ' ' ' ' " , ~ ` ":: . . .: . . ' ' ., _ 5 _ 1328986 Although basically case-hardening of a guide shaft would also come into consideration, in addition to other disadvantages the depth of hardness thereby obtained would not be sufficient especially for large carrying loads and with the use of spherical bushes.
Furthermore, in the case of non-rusting materials such a hardened guide shaft would lose, at least extensively, its freedom from corrosion due to recarburization.
Through the control of the magnetic flux according to the invention during inductive hardening, however, the problems to be expected are, in a surprising way, avoided.
By means of appropriate reduction Oc the magnetic Clux in the area of the toothing and thus a reduction of the vortex flows, heat is supplied to a small extent in this area, but this is sufficient to bring the toothed area of the guide shaCt up to the desired hardness without disadvantageous overheating occurring. The toothing can, in the process, also become tougher in an advantageous way and thus better withstand jerky loads.
The major feature in the inductive hardening according to the invention is thus that a situation is created through which the toothed area does not receive such a high temperature as the remaining area of the guide shaft.
In a further embodiment according to the invention it is planned that the guide shaft to be hardened is pushed through the circular inductor at least approximately unturned, and that the circular inductor is provided in the non-toothed area of the guide shaft with the magnetic flux increasing parts or changes.
. .
By means of a suitable arrangements of parts which change the magnetic flux, such as sheet-metal packages, through their appropriate arrangement the magnetic flux can be controlled in the desired manner and thus the hardness of the teeth selectively influenced.
?,.' ~,. . .
. ' ' ~, ' .` ' i". ' ' A prerequisite for this is that, deviating from customary inductive hardening, the guide shaft to be hardened is now pushed through the inductor without any rotation, as otherwise the magnetic flux could no longer be readily controlled or take effect in the desired manner.
,, If necessary, control of the hardening of the teeth could be achieved by specially controlled coolin~ mea-sures after the inductive hardening operation, too.
As basic material for the production of the guide shaft according to the invention various materials are possible.
For example, inductively hardenable carbon steels of the 5, following composition can be used:
Carbon: 0.5 - 0.6%
Silicon: 0.15 - 0.35%
Manganese: 0.4 - 0.7%
Phosphorus: max. 0.025%
Sulphur: max. 0.035%
5uch steels are listed in DIN 1712.
'I
Likewise rustfree and acid-resistant, hardenable marten-sitic steels can be used for thiS. A possible material composition for this is exhibited by the following alloy $~ components:
Carbon: 0.85 . 0.95%
~ Silicon: max. 1%
'! Manganese: max. 1~
Chromium: 17 - 19%
Molybdenum: 0.9 - 1.3%
~ Vanadium: 0.07 - 0.12 ;~ Phosphorus: max. 0.045%
~ Sulphur: max. 0.030%
_ . . . _ i "
~ 7 ~ ~328986 Also possible for this purpose are anti-friction bearing steels, possibly also rustfree.
A further advantage compared to the well-known hardening method consists in that with the inductive hardening ac-cording to the invention the guide shaft can be subjected to heat treatment before inductive hardening.
In this way the core and transition area of the guide shaft can be heat treated in order to increase the core strength, by means of which a very high strength load of the shaft becomed possible. In this case the teeth of the toothin~
can be made before or even after the heat treatment opera-tion, after which the inductive hardening operation is then carried out. Due to the previous heat treatment, the core cross-section is significantly increased in its yield point and strength.
The arrangement of the toothed area of the guide shaft on installation in a linear guide can be as desired, which represents a further advantage of the invention. In par-ticular, in this way the drive unit can always be optimally adapted to the current conditions. For example, the tooth-; ing can be arranged on the upper side, on the underside and also, in case of need, laterally. In particular an ar-rangement of the toothing on the upper side or laterally ~I has the advantage that in this way the guide shaft can be supported on the underside for high loads.
Described in principle in the following is an embodiment of the invention with reference to the drawing.
Shown are:
Fig. 1: a linear guide with a guide shaft, partially in cross-section ~ . , ,, ,. . . ~ .: . -.~ , .. ~
, ' ' , .
.
.
Fig. 2: a linear guide with a guide shaft in a different embodiment Fig. 3: a further variant of a linear guide with a guide shaft Fig. 4: two interconnected linear guides, each with two guide shafts for a two-axis shifting.
In a simple embodiment the linear guide exhibits a guide shaft 1, which is surrounded by a suide carriage 2. Dis-posed in the interior of the guide carriage 2 is a spher-ical bush 3 with a total of four ball races 4 arransed distributed over the circumference. Instead of a spherical bush a sliding guide or a plain bearing can of course also be provided for this. As guide shafts, solid or of course also hollow shafts can be used, since the nature and embodiment of the guide shaft is rundamentally as desired for the invention.
.
In the lower area the guide shaft 1 is provided on aoprox.
one fifth of its circumferential area with a transverse toothing 5. The width and the height of the teeth in this case each depend on the application. The size of the circumferential area in which the toothing is introduced into the guide shaft 1 is thus of course also dependent on the spacing of the ball races 4, since the toothing can extend only in the intermediate space.
In the guide carriage 2 is furthermore fastened a pinion 6 on a drive shaft 7. The drive shaft 7 is mounted in ball bearings 8 and 9. On one side a drive motor 10 (see Fig. 4) is connected to the guide shaft 7 and at the same time flange-mounted on this side to the guide carriage 2.
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:: - 9 -The drive shaft 7 can of course also terminate in the guide carriage 2. If, however, as in the shown embodi-ment of Fig. 1, it is led out on the opposite side, in this way a drive connection to a second guide shaft can be achieved, with which a linear guide with two guide shafts 1 arranged at a distance from each other is ob-tained.
,. ..
Fig. 2 shows diagrammatically a similar linear guide to that in Fig. 1. The only difference consists solely in that in this embodiment the toothing 5 lies on the upper side of the guide shaft 1, or the guide shaft 1 is so installed that the toothing lies on the upper side. The drive connection can in this case be made in the same way as shown in Fig. 1, with in this case solely the ends of the drive shaft 7 projecting out of j the guide carriage 2 are shown. As can be seen, the i advantage of this embodiment is that the guide shaft 1 mounts on the underside on a bearing pedestal or a bearing rail 11 and can thus be supported. It is there-by solely necessary to provide a spherical bush 3 in the customary way, which is provided on the underside with a slot 12.
- Shown in Fig. 3 is a third embodiment where, in this case, the guide shaft 1 is so installed that the toothing 5 is arranged laterally and works together with a drive shaft 7, on which the pinion 6 is arranged, this shaft possessing a vertical longitudinal axis. As can be seen, in this way the guide shaft can likewise be supported on a bearing rail 11 .
The drive motor 10 for the drive is in this case flange-mounted on the upper side of the guide carriage 2.
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- lo 1328986 ., With the guide shaft 1 provided with the toothing 5 as core, linear guides can be arranged in any desired way and in particular also put together in the form of mod-ules. Such an embodiment is shown as an example in Fig. 4.
As can be seen, two guide shafts 1A and lB and 21A and 21 B each work together with guide carriages 2A and 2B
and 22A and 22B, respectively. As can be seen, in each case guide shaft 1A or 21A is provided with a toothing 5, with in each case a drive motor 10 ensuring drive. The two guide shafts lB and 21B do not possess any separate drive and thus also no toothing 5. It goes without say-ing, however, that in case of need these two guide shafts can also each be driven by the same drive motor.
The shown combined linear guide, which makes possible movements in two axial directions, is mounted in bear-ing 13. As further evident, the guide carraiges 2A, 2B
and 22A and 22B are identical in design and also possess connecting parts at the same points (not shown). In this way the guide carriages can be connected to each other in any desired way, resulting in a virtually free~
possibility of combination. For example, in this case it is also possible to provide one or two guide carriages in addition to the two guide rails 22A and 22B at the top fastened to the bottom guide carriages 2A and 2B and in this way to make possible a movement into the third axial direction.
The guide shaft l can be manufactured in the following way:
.
The transverse toothing 5 is, for example, ground into a still soft guide shaft. Of course it can, if required, be milled, slotted, rolled or made in any desired way.
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If required, a heat treatment of the shaft can be con-- ducted in the customary way beforehand, for which pur-pose it is heated up, subsequently quenched and finally again reheated until the desired heat treatment is reached.
This method is the general state of the art, which is i why it will not be explained in further detail at this point.
The inductive heating operation takes place in a circular j inductor through which the guide shaft to be hardened is ~ pushed without rotation. Used for control of the ~agnetic r" flux are sheet-metal packages arranged around the circum-- ference of the circular inductor, which are appropriately so shifted or so disposed that a higher magnetic flux and thus a higher temperature arises in areas without toothing.
The inductive heating operation itself is likewise commonly known, which is why it will not be explained in further detail here.
' .
1 Inductive surface hardening is a process in which a very `''! high temperature is generated in a surface zone of the - workpiece limited according to depth and through quenching ~ of the heated areas a local hardening of them is achieved.
I Depending on the frequency, case-hardening depths of sev-eral millimetres can be produced. An induction system con-sists essentially of a frequency generator and a working device. In the frequency generator the frequency of the mains supply system is converted into a single-phase alternating current of higher frequency. The working device itself is .j the inductor proper, which has to accommodate the work-piece to be heated and perform all necessary movements.
In the case of lengthy workpieces, as in the present case with the guide shafts, either the guide shaft is pushed through the inductor or the inductor is guided along the `1 guide shaft. By means of a uniform movement of the inductor ;3l .~ .: : ; : . : : . . :
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to the stationary workpiec_ or also vice versa, it is possible to progressively generate an annealing zone on the guide shaft. The water jet of a quenching spray running along with it then continuously executes the hardening operation.
The case-hardening depths are adapted to the respective diameter range and take into account, among other things, also the surfaces pressures to be taken up, which are transmitted to or exerted on the linear guide shaft by, for example, linear longitudinal ball bearings at dif-ferent loAds.
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for a Linear Guide The invention relates to a method for the production of a hardened guide shaft for a linear guide, in par-ticular for a linear guide with a guide carriage pro-vided with spherical bushes, and a guide shaft manu-factured according to this.
Linear guides are used for the performance of linear movements in a multiplicity of fields, as, for example in mechanical engineering, in handling systems, in the construction of jigs and fixtures and in precision engineering. Linear guides can, for examole, be used as modules for grabs, robots, sliding tables, supports, measuring instruments, etc. The heart of the linear guide is one or two guide shafts on which is arranged a guide carriage which is slidable along the shaft or shafts.
_,, ,_.
~ - .-, . .
:: .
; :.: .
~ . . .
.. . .
r : ~ .
` ` - 2 - 1328986 In reversal, however, the guide carriage can also re-main stationary and the shaft or the two shafts are shifted. For low-friction displacement and a high load-carrying capacity so-called spherical bushes or linear ball bearings with several ball revolutions (races) are generally arranged in the guide carriage.
The relative movement between the guide shaft and the guide carriage arranged thereon can be accomplished in different ways. Known for this are ball roll spindles, with a spindle running parallel to the guide shaft and a spindle nut being arranged in the guide carriage. If the spindle is driven, the guide carriage moves accord-ingly.
A disadvantage with this, however, is that besides an additionally necessary constructional area for the spindle, this cannot be mounted with a support, so that its overall length is limited.
Well known are also drive systems with toothed belts or the like, however, this likewise means an increased ex-penditure on additional components and on constructional space. Furthermore, in this case in part the guide shaft cannot be supported, which thus likewise has a disadvan-tageous effect on the overall length.
What is likewise already well known is to arrange a toothed rod (rack) parallel to the guide shaft, which works to-gether with a counter-element, in general a pinion, for shifting the guide carriage. For this, however, addition-al components and a higher expenditure are also necessary.
Furthermore, such a linear guide is likewise subject to limitations in respect of its applicability.
. :
,'' ;~ : ' . ~
~ . , - : , .
.. .
~3 The task of the present invention is therefore to ~ create a linear guide or a guide shaft for a linear `~ guide which can be used very universally and by means r which a linear guide with a short overall length and a high load-carrying capacity can be obtained.
;~
According to the invention, this problem is solved in that a toothing is introduced into a shaft over a ~ partial circumferential area, after which the shaft ¦ with the teeth is heat-treated (hardened) and sub-i~, sequently - as is actuallv well known - trued and ground.
s According to the invention a necessary part 'or the ;~ shifting between a guide shaft and a guide carriage is now integrated into the guide shaft itself, namely a toothing. In this way it is solely necessary to arrange the counter-element, which will in general be a pinion, in the guide carriage. Further components -besides the usual drive equipment, such as, for example, a drive motor - are no longer necessary. The guide ~ shaft thus assumes a dual function, through which `;~ additional components can be omitted and at the same i time thus a size reduction is also achieved. The tooth system may be either straight or helical toothing.
,. . .
A very significant further advantage of the invention consists in that in this way the drive base or guide shaft can at the same time also be mounted and fastened with support, e.g. bolted. In this way a geometrically defined and vibration-free guideway is created, which can withstand very high loads. Furthermore, any desired number of guide shafts can be arranged one after the other, the only thing having to be ensured being a trouble-free transition of the toothed section.
:~ _ . . . _ .,,: - . .
,7,.~, ' ~'i' In this way linear guides of any desired length can virtually be arranged in a row. In an embodiment of a linear guide with only one guide shaft, in this case too a lock against rotation, such as, for exam~le, by means of grooves, bars or flattening of the guide shaft, can be obtained in a sim~le and well-known way.
A sufficient hardness of the shaft, which is necessary in particular for guide carriages with spherical bushes, can be achieved in several ways.
It is of advantage if the shaft is hardened inductively with a circular inductor, with the magnetic flux being controlled in such a wav that the magnetic flux is lower in the area of the toothing than in the remaining area.
Until now it has been considered impossible to provide a guide shaft which because of the occurring loads has to be surface-hardened, in an economical way with a tooth system.
A subsequent grinding-in of a tooth system into the hardened guide shaft would have been an unjustifiably high expenditure. Furthermore, with increasing tooth size the unhardened portion in the central and lower area of the teeth in the tooth roll-off region would increase, since the hardened surface layer would be partly penetrated during grinding-in. An introduction of the-toothing before a hardening operation has also been regarded as infeasible. With inductive hardening using a circular inductor, which should also aim at a sufficient hardening of the non-toothed part of the shaft, distinct overheating in the tooth area was to be expected, which would have led to the breaking-out of teeth during a subsequent quenching.
_ . , _ , . , , :. . ~...... . .
.: - - . .
:..
.; , . .
' ' ' ' ' " , ~ ` ":: . . .: . . ' ' ., _ 5 _ 1328986 Although basically case-hardening of a guide shaft would also come into consideration, in addition to other disadvantages the depth of hardness thereby obtained would not be sufficient especially for large carrying loads and with the use of spherical bushes.
Furthermore, in the case of non-rusting materials such a hardened guide shaft would lose, at least extensively, its freedom from corrosion due to recarburization.
Through the control of the magnetic flux according to the invention during inductive hardening, however, the problems to be expected are, in a surprising way, avoided.
By means of appropriate reduction Oc the magnetic Clux in the area of the toothing and thus a reduction of the vortex flows, heat is supplied to a small extent in this area, but this is sufficient to bring the toothed area of the guide shaCt up to the desired hardness without disadvantageous overheating occurring. The toothing can, in the process, also become tougher in an advantageous way and thus better withstand jerky loads.
The major feature in the inductive hardening according to the invention is thus that a situation is created through which the toothed area does not receive such a high temperature as the remaining area of the guide shaft.
In a further embodiment according to the invention it is planned that the guide shaft to be hardened is pushed through the circular inductor at least approximately unturned, and that the circular inductor is provided in the non-toothed area of the guide shaft with the magnetic flux increasing parts or changes.
. .
By means of a suitable arrangements of parts which change the magnetic flux, such as sheet-metal packages, through their appropriate arrangement the magnetic flux can be controlled in the desired manner and thus the hardness of the teeth selectively influenced.
?,.' ~,. . .
. ' ' ~, ' .` ' i". ' ' A prerequisite for this is that, deviating from customary inductive hardening, the guide shaft to be hardened is now pushed through the inductor without any rotation, as otherwise the magnetic flux could no longer be readily controlled or take effect in the desired manner.
,, If necessary, control of the hardening of the teeth could be achieved by specially controlled coolin~ mea-sures after the inductive hardening operation, too.
As basic material for the production of the guide shaft according to the invention various materials are possible.
For example, inductively hardenable carbon steels of the 5, following composition can be used:
Carbon: 0.5 - 0.6%
Silicon: 0.15 - 0.35%
Manganese: 0.4 - 0.7%
Phosphorus: max. 0.025%
Sulphur: max. 0.035%
5uch steels are listed in DIN 1712.
'I
Likewise rustfree and acid-resistant, hardenable marten-sitic steels can be used for thiS. A possible material composition for this is exhibited by the following alloy $~ components:
Carbon: 0.85 . 0.95%
~ Silicon: max. 1%
'! Manganese: max. 1~
Chromium: 17 - 19%
Molybdenum: 0.9 - 1.3%
~ Vanadium: 0.07 - 0.12 ;~ Phosphorus: max. 0.045%
~ Sulphur: max. 0.030%
_ . . . _ i "
~ 7 ~ ~328986 Also possible for this purpose are anti-friction bearing steels, possibly also rustfree.
A further advantage compared to the well-known hardening method consists in that with the inductive hardening ac-cording to the invention the guide shaft can be subjected to heat treatment before inductive hardening.
In this way the core and transition area of the guide shaft can be heat treated in order to increase the core strength, by means of which a very high strength load of the shaft becomed possible. In this case the teeth of the toothin~
can be made before or even after the heat treatment opera-tion, after which the inductive hardening operation is then carried out. Due to the previous heat treatment, the core cross-section is significantly increased in its yield point and strength.
The arrangement of the toothed area of the guide shaft on installation in a linear guide can be as desired, which represents a further advantage of the invention. In par-ticular, in this way the drive unit can always be optimally adapted to the current conditions. For example, the tooth-; ing can be arranged on the upper side, on the underside and also, in case of need, laterally. In particular an ar-rangement of the toothing on the upper side or laterally ~I has the advantage that in this way the guide shaft can be supported on the underside for high loads.
Described in principle in the following is an embodiment of the invention with reference to the drawing.
Shown are:
Fig. 1: a linear guide with a guide shaft, partially in cross-section ~ . , ,, ,. . . ~ .: . -.~ , .. ~
, ' ' , .
.
.
Fig. 2: a linear guide with a guide shaft in a different embodiment Fig. 3: a further variant of a linear guide with a guide shaft Fig. 4: two interconnected linear guides, each with two guide shafts for a two-axis shifting.
In a simple embodiment the linear guide exhibits a guide shaft 1, which is surrounded by a suide carriage 2. Dis-posed in the interior of the guide carriage 2 is a spher-ical bush 3 with a total of four ball races 4 arransed distributed over the circumference. Instead of a spherical bush a sliding guide or a plain bearing can of course also be provided for this. As guide shafts, solid or of course also hollow shafts can be used, since the nature and embodiment of the guide shaft is rundamentally as desired for the invention.
.
In the lower area the guide shaft 1 is provided on aoprox.
one fifth of its circumferential area with a transverse toothing 5. The width and the height of the teeth in this case each depend on the application. The size of the circumferential area in which the toothing is introduced into the guide shaft 1 is thus of course also dependent on the spacing of the ball races 4, since the toothing can extend only in the intermediate space.
In the guide carriage 2 is furthermore fastened a pinion 6 on a drive shaft 7. The drive shaft 7 is mounted in ball bearings 8 and 9. On one side a drive motor 10 (see Fig. 4) is connected to the guide shaft 7 and at the same time flange-mounted on this side to the guide carriage 2.
,~:
1:
_..._ ~: : : , . , . - .
.i :. , .
,'`, . ~ . '~` ' ' ' ': .
, .. : - , :$.:. .
;
:
:`
:: - 9 -The drive shaft 7 can of course also terminate in the guide carriage 2. If, however, as in the shown embodi-ment of Fig. 1, it is led out on the opposite side, in this way a drive connection to a second guide shaft can be achieved, with which a linear guide with two guide shafts 1 arranged at a distance from each other is ob-tained.
,. ..
Fig. 2 shows diagrammatically a similar linear guide to that in Fig. 1. The only difference consists solely in that in this embodiment the toothing 5 lies on the upper side of the guide shaft 1, or the guide shaft 1 is so installed that the toothing lies on the upper side. The drive connection can in this case be made in the same way as shown in Fig. 1, with in this case solely the ends of the drive shaft 7 projecting out of j the guide carriage 2 are shown. As can be seen, the i advantage of this embodiment is that the guide shaft 1 mounts on the underside on a bearing pedestal or a bearing rail 11 and can thus be supported. It is there-by solely necessary to provide a spherical bush 3 in the customary way, which is provided on the underside with a slot 12.
- Shown in Fig. 3 is a third embodiment where, in this case, the guide shaft 1 is so installed that the toothing 5 is arranged laterally and works together with a drive shaft 7, on which the pinion 6 is arranged, this shaft possessing a vertical longitudinal axis. As can be seen, in this way the guide shaft can likewise be supported on a bearing rail 11 .
The drive motor 10 for the drive is in this case flange-mounted on the upper side of the guide carriage 2.
Y~
,, .
. . .
.... . . .
~`
- lo 1328986 ., With the guide shaft 1 provided with the toothing 5 as core, linear guides can be arranged in any desired way and in particular also put together in the form of mod-ules. Such an embodiment is shown as an example in Fig. 4.
As can be seen, two guide shafts 1A and lB and 21A and 21 B each work together with guide carriages 2A and 2B
and 22A and 22B, respectively. As can be seen, in each case guide shaft 1A or 21A is provided with a toothing 5, with in each case a drive motor 10 ensuring drive. The two guide shafts lB and 21B do not possess any separate drive and thus also no toothing 5. It goes without say-ing, however, that in case of need these two guide shafts can also each be driven by the same drive motor.
The shown combined linear guide, which makes possible movements in two axial directions, is mounted in bear-ing 13. As further evident, the guide carraiges 2A, 2B
and 22A and 22B are identical in design and also possess connecting parts at the same points (not shown). In this way the guide carriages can be connected to each other in any desired way, resulting in a virtually free~
possibility of combination. For example, in this case it is also possible to provide one or two guide carriages in addition to the two guide rails 22A and 22B at the top fastened to the bottom guide carriages 2A and 2B and in this way to make possible a movement into the third axial direction.
The guide shaft l can be manufactured in the following way:
.
The transverse toothing 5 is, for example, ground into a still soft guide shaft. Of course it can, if required, be milled, slotted, rolled or made in any desired way.
. . .
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.~ . .
...
..
If required, a heat treatment of the shaft can be con-- ducted in the customary way beforehand, for which pur-pose it is heated up, subsequently quenched and finally again reheated until the desired heat treatment is reached.
This method is the general state of the art, which is i why it will not be explained in further detail at this point.
The inductive heating operation takes place in a circular j inductor through which the guide shaft to be hardened is ~ pushed without rotation. Used for control of the ~agnetic r" flux are sheet-metal packages arranged around the circum-- ference of the circular inductor, which are appropriately so shifted or so disposed that a higher magnetic flux and thus a higher temperature arises in areas without toothing.
The inductive heating operation itself is likewise commonly known, which is why it will not be explained in further detail here.
' .
1 Inductive surface hardening is a process in which a very `''! high temperature is generated in a surface zone of the - workpiece limited according to depth and through quenching ~ of the heated areas a local hardening of them is achieved.
I Depending on the frequency, case-hardening depths of sev-eral millimetres can be produced. An induction system con-sists essentially of a frequency generator and a working device. In the frequency generator the frequency of the mains supply system is converted into a single-phase alternating current of higher frequency. The working device itself is .j the inductor proper, which has to accommodate the work-piece to be heated and perform all necessary movements.
In the case of lengthy workpieces, as in the present case with the guide shafts, either the guide shaft is pushed through the inductor or the inductor is guided along the `1 guide shaft. By means of a uniform movement of the inductor ;3l .~ .: : ; : . : : . . :
' . , ' ' ::
.. : : .
.. . .
to the stationary workpiec_ or also vice versa, it is possible to progressively generate an annealing zone on the guide shaft. The water jet of a quenching spray running along with it then continuously executes the hardening operation.
The case-hardening depths are adapted to the respective diameter range and take into account, among other things, also the surfaces pressures to be taken up, which are transmitted to or exerted on the linear guide shaft by, for example, linear longitudinal ball bearings at dif-ferent loAds.
. :
. . .
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. . .
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. ~
,
Claims (11)
1. A Method for the production of a hardened guide shaft for a linear guide, in particular, for a linear guide with a guide carriage provided with spherical bushes, characterized in that a toothing is introduced into the guide shaft over a partial circumferential area, after which the guide shaft with the teeth is hardened, and wherein a lower hardness is produced in the region of the teeth than in the remaining regions of said guide shaft.
2. A method according to claim 1 characterized in that the guide shaft is trued and ground after hardening.
3. A method according to claim 1 characterized in that the guide shaft is hardened with a circular inductor, with the magnetic flux being controlled in such a way that the magnetic flux is lower in the area of the toothing than in the remaining area.
4. A method according to claim 3 characterized in that the guide shaft to be hardened is pushed through the circular inductor at least approximately unturned, and that the circular inductor is provided in the nontoothed area of the guide shaft with the parts or measures increasing the magnetic flux.
5. A method according to claim 4 characterized in that sheet metal packages are fitted over a part of the periphery of the circular inductor as the parts increasing the magnetic flux.
6. A method according to claim 1 characterized in that a carbon steel with the following composition of the non-ferrous components is used as basic material for the guide shaft:
.
.
7. A method according to claim 1 characterized in that rust-free, acid-resistant hardenable steels are used as basic material for the guide shaft.
8. A method according to claim 7 characterized in that the following material composition in percent by weight is used as non-ferrous components as basic material for the guide shaft:
.
.
9. A method according to claim 1, 2 or 3 characterized in that anti-friction bearing steels are used as basic material for the guide shaft.
10. A method according to claim 3, 4 or 5 characterized in that the guide shaft is subjected to heat treatment before inductive hardening.
11. A hardened guide shaft for a linear guide, in particular for a linear guide with a guide carriage provided with spherical bushes, characterized in that said guide shaft is provided over a partial circumferential area with teeth made prior to hardening, and wherein said teeth have a lower hardness than the remaining region of said guide shaft.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3819279A DE3819279A1 (en) | 1988-06-07 | 1988-06-07 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A HARDED GUIDE SHAFT FOR A LINEAR FEEDER |
| DEP3819279.9 | 1988-06-07 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1328986C true CA1328986C (en) | 1994-05-03 |
Family
ID=6355996
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000600874A Expired - Fee Related CA1328986C (en) | 1988-06-07 | 1989-05-26 | Method for the production of a hardened guide shaft for a linear guide |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0345535B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1328986C (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3819279A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2043950T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20200271160A1 (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2020-08-27 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Linear guides with thermal compensation |
| CN108247304A (en) * | 2018-01-12 | 2018-07-06 | 中国航发哈尔滨东安发动机有限公司 | The method for promoting teeth directional precision after internal spline is heat-treated |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1211674B (en) * | 1961-03-24 | 1966-03-03 | Siemens Ag | Device for hardening racks |
| GB1036725A (en) * | 1962-05-05 | 1966-07-20 | Delapena & Sons Ltd | Improvements in or relating to induction heating |
| DD144794A1 (en) * | 1979-07-10 | 1980-11-05 | Waldemar Rohde | AT THE SAME TIME INDUCTION HARDENED MULTIPLE HAERTEZONEN DIFFERENT FORM |
| DE3212338C2 (en) * | 1981-04-03 | 1983-02-24 | M.A.N. Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg AG, 8900 Augsburg | Process for the production of heavy-duty machine parts, in particular internal combustion engine parts |
| GB2136529B (en) * | 1983-03-11 | 1986-04-09 | Cam Systems Limited | Linear actuator |
-
1988
- 1988-06-07 DE DE3819279A patent/DE3819279A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1989
- 1989-05-24 EP EP89109358A patent/EP0345535B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-05-24 DE DE8989109358T patent/DE58905224D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-05-24 ES ES89109358T patent/ES2043950T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-05-26 CA CA000600874A patent/CA1328986C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0345535A2 (en) | 1989-12-13 |
| DE3819279A1 (en) | 1989-12-14 |
| ES2043950T3 (en) | 1994-01-01 |
| EP0345535A3 (en) | 1990-11-28 |
| EP0345535B1 (en) | 1993-08-11 |
| DE58905224D1 (en) | 1993-09-16 |
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